TEDWomen 2010
Shirin Neshat: Art in exile
Širin Nešat - Umetnost u izgnanstvu
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Rođena Iranka, Širin Nešat istražuje paradoks umetnika u izgnanstvu: glas za njene ljude, ali u nemogućnosti da ode kući. Kroz svoj rad, ona istražuje Iran pre i posle Islamske revolucije kroz političke i društvene promene na osnovu moćnih slika žena.
Shirin Neshat - Iranian visual artist
Shirin Neshat has lived much of her life outside her native Iran. Her photographs and films offer a glimpse of the cultural, religious and political realities that shape the identities of Muslim women worldwide. Full bio
Shirin Neshat has lived much of her life outside her native Iran. Her photographs and films offer a glimpse of the cultural, religious and political realities that shape the identities of Muslim women worldwide. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
The story I wanted to share with you today
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Priča koju želim da podelim sa vama danas
00:17
is my challenge as an Iranian artist,
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je izazov za mene kao iranskog umetnika,
00:21
as an Iranian woman artist,
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kao iranskog umetnika ženskog pola,
00:23
as an Iranian woman artist
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i kao iransku umetnicu
00:25
living in exile.
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koja živi u izgnanstvu.
00:28
Well, it has its pluses and minuses.
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Pa, to ima svoje dobre i loše strane.
00:31
On the dark side,
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Na lošoj strani, politika, izgleda,
00:33
politics doesn't seem to escape people like me.
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ne beži od ljudi kao što sam ja.
00:36
Every Iranian artist, in one form or another,
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Svaki iranski umetnik je, na jedan
00:39
is political.
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ili drugi način, političan.
00:41
Politics have defined our lives.
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Politika definiše naše živote.
00:44
If you're living in Iran,
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Ukoliko živite u Iranu,
00:46
you're facing censorship, harassment,
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suočavate se sa cenzurom, maltretiranjem,
00:49
arrest, torture --
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hapšenjem, mučenjem,
00:51
at times, execution.
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ponekad i egzekucijom.
00:54
If you're living outside like me,
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Ako živite van zemlje, kao ja,
00:56
you're faced with life in exile --
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suočeni ste sa životom u ignanstvu
00:58
the pain of the longing
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i čežnjom i bolom
01:00
and the separation from your loved ones
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jer ste razdvojeni od svojih bližnjih,
01:02
and your family.
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od svoje porodice.
01:04
Therefore, we don't find
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Tako da mi ne nalazimo
01:06
the moral, emotional,
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moralni, emotivni,
01:08
psychological and political space
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psihološki i politički prostor
01:10
to distance ourselves from the reality
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da se distanciramo od realnosti
01:13
of social responsibility.
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društvene odgovornosti.
01:16
Oddly enough,
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Začudo,
01:18
an artist such as myself
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umetnik, poput mene,
01:20
finds herself also in the position of being the voice,
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je takođe glas,
01:24
the speaker of my people,
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govornik svog naroda,
01:27
even if I have, indeed,
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iako ja zaista nemam
01:29
no access to my own country.
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pristup svojoj zemlji.
01:32
Also, people like myself,
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Takođe, ljudi poput mene,
01:35
we're fighting two battles on different grounds.
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vode dve bitke na različitim poljima.
01:38
We're being critical of the West,
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Kritikujemo zapad,
01:40
the perception of the West
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njegovu percepciju
01:42
about our identity --
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našeg identiteta,
01:44
about the image that is constructed about us,
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imidža koji je stvoren o nama,
01:47
about our women, about our politics,
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o našim ženama, politici,
01:50
about our religion.
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o našoj religiji.
01:52
We are there to take pride
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Tamo smo da se ponosimo sobom
01:54
and insist on respect.
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i da insistiramo na poštovanju.
01:56
And at the same time,
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U isto vreme,
01:58
we're fighting another battle.
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vodimo drugu bitku.
02:00
That is our regime,
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To je naš režim,
02:02
our government --
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naša vlada,
02:04
our atrocious government,
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naša svirepa vlada
02:06
[that] has done every crime
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koja ne zazire od zločina da
02:08
in order to stay in power.
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bi zadržala vlast.
02:11
Our artists are at risk.
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Naši umetnici su pod rizikom.
02:14
We are in a position of danger.
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Mi smo u opasnosti.
02:17
We pose a threat
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Predstavljamo pretnju
02:19
to the order of the government.
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vladinom poretku.
02:21
But ironically,
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Ali, ironično,
02:23
this situation
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ova situacija nas je
02:25
has empowered all of us,
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sve učinila jačima
02:27
because we are considered, as artists,
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jer smo, kao umetnici,
02:29
central to the cultural, political,
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u središtu kulturološkog, političkog
02:32
social discourse in Iran.
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i društvenog diskursa u Iranu.
02:34
We are there to inspire, to provoke,
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Tamo smo da inspirišemo, da provociramo,
02:37
to mobilize,
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da mobilišemo,
02:39
to bring hope to our people.
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da ljudima damo nadu.
02:41
We are the reporters of our people,
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Mi smo izveštavači našeg naroda
02:44
and are communicators
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i mi komuniciramo
02:46
to the outside world.
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sa spoljašnim svetom.
02:48
Art is our weapon.
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Umetnost je naše oružje.
02:51
Culture is a form of resistance.
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Kultura je forma otpora.
02:54
I envy sometimes the artists of the West
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Ponekad zavidim umetnicima na zapadu
02:57
for their freedom of expression.
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zbog slobode njihovog izražavanja,
02:59
For the fact that they can distance themselves
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zbog činjenice da se mogu udaljiti
03:02
from the question of politics.
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od politike,
03:04
From the fact that they are only serving one audience,
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zbog činjenice da oni samo služe
03:06
mainly the Western culture.
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jednoj publici, uglavnom zapadnoj kulturi.
03:09
But also, I worry about the West,
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Ali i brinem zbog zapada
03:13
because often in this country,
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jer, često, u ovoj zemlji,
03:15
in this Western world that we have,
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u ovom zapadnom svetu
03:18
culture risks being a form of entertainment.
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kultura rizikuje da postane forma zabave.
03:23
Our people depend on our artists,
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Naši ljudi zavise od umetnika,
03:26
and culture is beyond communication.
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a kultura je izvan komunikacije.
03:30
My journey as an artist
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Moj put kao umetnika je započeo
03:32
started from a very, very personal place.
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sa jednog veoma, veoma ličnog mesta.
03:35
I did not start
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Nisam počela
03:37
to make social commentary
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da dajem društveno tumačenje
03:39
about my country.
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svoje zemlje.
03:41
The first one that you see in front of you
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Prva koju vidite pred sobom
03:44
is actually when I first returned to Iran
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je kada sam se prvi put vratila u Iran
03:46
after being separated for a good 12 years.
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pošto sam bila van zemlje dobrih 12 godina.
03:49
It was after the Islamic Revolution
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Bilo je to posle Islamske revolucije
03:51
of 1979.
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1979. godine.
03:54
While I was absent from Iran,
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Dok sam bila odsutna iz Irana,
03:57
the Islamic Revolution had descended on Iran
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Islamska evolucija se spustila u Iran
04:00
and had entirely transformed the country
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i u potpunosti transformisala ovu zemlju,
04:02
from Persian to the Islamic culture.
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od persisjske do islamske kulture.
04:05
I came mainly to be reunited with my family
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Došla sam većinom da bih ponovo
04:08
and to reconnect in a way
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videla svoju porodicu i ponovo se povezala
04:10
that I found my place in the society.
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i našla svoje mesto u društvu.
04:12
But instead, I found a country
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Ali, umesto toga, našla sam zemlju
04:14
that was totally ideological
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koja je bila u potpunosti ideološka
04:16
and that I didn't recognize anymore.
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i koju nisam mogla više da prepoznam.
04:19
More so, I became very interested,
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Štaviše, sve više sam bivala zainteresovana,
04:21
as I was facing
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kako sam se susretala
04:23
my own personal dilemmas and questions,
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sa sopstvenim dilemama i pitanjima.
04:25
I became immersed in the study
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Zaokupila sam se studijom o
04:27
of the Islamic Revolution --
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Islamskoj revoluciji i o tome
04:29
how, indeed,
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kako je, zapravo,
04:31
it had incredibly transformed
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neverovatno izmenila
04:33
the lives of Iranian women.
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živote iranskih žena.
04:35
I found the subject of Iranian women
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Iranske žene su kao subjekat studije
04:37
immensely interesting,
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neverovatno zanimljive
04:39
in the way the women of Iran, historically,
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zbog toga što su one, kroz istoriju,
04:42
seemed to embody the political transformation.
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oslikavale političke transformacije.
04:45
So in a way, by studying a woman,
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Na neki način, kroz proučavanje žene,
04:48
you can read the structure and the ideology of the country.
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možete pročitati strukturu i ideologiju te zemlje.
04:52
So I made a group of work
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Tako sam napravila grupu radova
04:54
that at once faced my own personal questions in life,
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koja se suočila sa mojim ličnim pitanjima u životu,
04:58
and yet it brought my work into a larger discourse --
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ali je ipak dovela moj rad do većeg diskursa -
05:01
the subject of martyrdom,
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subjekat mučeništva
05:03
the question of those who willingly stand in that intersection
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pitanje onih koji voljno stoje na toj raskrsnici
05:07
of love of God, faith,
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koja vodi ka ljubavi prema Bogu, veri,
05:11
but violence and crime and cruelty.
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ali i nasilju, zločinu i oholosti.
05:14
For me, this became incredibly important.
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Za mene je to postalo veoma značajno.
05:17
And yet, I had an unusual position toward this.
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A, ipak, imala sam neobičnan stav prema ovome.
05:20
I was an outsider
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Bila sam autsajder
05:22
who had come back to Iran to find my place,
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koji se vratio u Iran da bi pronašao svoje mesto,
05:25
but I was not in a position
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ali nisam bila u poziciji
05:27
to be critical of the government
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da budem kritična u odnosu na vladu
05:30
or the ideology of the Islamic Revolution.
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ili na ideologiju Islamske revolucije.
05:33
This changed slowly
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Ovo se menjalo polako
05:35
as I found my voice
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kako sam pronalazila svoj glas
05:37
and I discovered things
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i otkrivala stvari
05:39
that I didn't know I would discover.
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za koje nisam znala da ću pronaći.
05:41
So my art became slightly more critical.
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Tako je moja umetnost postala malo kritičnija.
05:44
My knife became a little sharper.
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Moj nož je postao malo oštriji.
05:46
And I fell into a life in exile.
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I upala sam u život u izgnanstvu.
05:50
I am a nomadic artist.
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Ja sam nomadski umetnik.
05:52
I work in Morocco, in Turkey, in Mexico.
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Radim u Maroku, Turskoj, Meksiku.
05:55
I go everywhere to make believe it's Iran.
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Idem svuda i pretvaram se da je Iran.
05:58
Now I am making films.
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Sada pravim filmove.
06:00
Last year, I finished a film
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Prošle godine sam završila film
06:02
called "Women Without Men."
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pod nazivom "Žene bez muškaraca".
06:04
"Women Without Men" returns to history,
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"Žene bez muškaraca" se vraća kroz istoriju,
06:06
but another part of our Iranian history.
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ali kroz drugi deo iranske istorije.
06:09
It goes to 1953
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Ide do 1953.
06:11
when American CIA exercised a coup
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kada je američka CIA
06:14
and removed a democratically elected leader,
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sklonila sa vlasti demokratski odabranog lidera,
06:16
Dr. Mossadegh.
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dr Mosadeha.
06:18
The book is written by an Iranian woman,
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Ovu knjigu je napisala Iranka,
06:20
Shahrnush Parsipur.
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Šarnuš Parsipur.
06:22
It's a magical realist novel.
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To je magičan i realističan roman.
06:24
This book is banned,
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Ova knjiga je zabranjena,
06:26
and she spent five years in prison.
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a ona je provela pet godina u zatvoru.
06:28
My obsession with this book,
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Moja opsesija ovom knjigom
06:30
and the reason I made this into a film,
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i razlog zbog kog sam je pretočila u film
06:32
is because it at once was addressing
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je što se ona postavlja pitanje
06:34
the question of being a female --
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kako izgleda biti žena -
06:36
traditionally, historically in Iran --
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tradicionalno, istorijski u Iranu -
06:39
and the question of four women
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i pitanje četiri žene
06:41
who are all looking for an idea
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koje su u potrazi za idejom
06:43
of change, freedom and democracy --
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promene, slobode i demokratije -
06:46
while the country of Iran, equally, as if another character,
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dok se Iran, podjednako, kao da je odvojen od njih,
06:49
also struggled for an idea
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takođe borio za ideju
06:51
of freedom and democracy
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slobode i demokratije,
06:53
and independence from the foreign interventions.
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kao i nezavisnosti od stranih investitora.
06:56
I made this film
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Napravila sam ovaj film
06:58
because I felt it's important
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takvim da se obraća
07:00
for it to speak to the Westerners
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i zapadnjacima,
07:02
about our history as a country.
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da i njima govori o istoriji naše zemlje.
07:05
That all of you seem to remember Iran
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Izgleda da se svi sećate Irana
07:07
after the Islamic Revolution.
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posle Islamske revolucije.
07:09
That Iran was once a secular society,
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Toga da je Iran nekeda bio sekularno društvo
07:12
and we had democracy,
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i da smo imali demokratiju
07:14
and this democracy was stolen from us
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koju su nam oduzele
07:16
by the American government,
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američka i
07:18
by the British government.
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britanska vlada.
07:20
This film also speaks to the Iranian people
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Ovaj film se takođe obraća Irancima i
07:23
in asking them to return to their history
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zahteva od njih da se vrate svojoj istoriji
07:25
and look at themselves before they were so Islamicized --
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i vremenu kada nisu bili toliko islamizirani,
07:29
in the way we looked, in the way we played music,
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na način na koji smo izgledali, na koji smo svirali,
07:32
in the way we had intellectual life.
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na način našeg intelektualnog života.
07:36
And most of all,
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I, iznad svega,
07:38
in the way that we fought for democracy.
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na način na koji smo se borili za demokratiju.
07:41
These are some of the shots actually from my film.
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Ovo su neki od snimaka iz mog filma.
07:44
These are some of the images of the coup.
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Ovo su neke od fotografija sa državnog udara.
07:46
And we made this film in Casablanca,
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Ovaj film smo snimali u Kazablanki,
07:49
recreating all the shots.
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rekreirajući sve snimke.
07:51
This film tried to find a balance
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Ovaj film je pokušao da uspostavi ravnotežu
07:54
between telling a political story,
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između pričanja političke
07:56
but also a feminine story.
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i ženske priče.
07:58
Being a visual artist, indeed,
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Kako sam vizuelni umetnik,
08:00
I am foremost interested to make art --
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pre svega sam zainteresovana za stvaranje
08:03
to make art that transcends
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umetnosti koja prevazilazi
08:05
politics, religion,
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politiku, religiju,
08:07
the question of feminism,
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pitanje feminizma
08:10
and become an important, timeless,
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i može da postane važno, svevremensko,
08:12
universal work of art.
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univerzalno delo umetnosti.
08:14
The challenge I have
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Izazov koji je bio preda mnom
08:16
is how to do that.
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je bio kako da to uradim,
08:18
How to tell a political story but an allegorical story.
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kako da koristeći alegoriju ispričati političku priču,
08:21
How to move you with your emotions,
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kako uzburkati vaše emocije
08:23
but also make your mind work.
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ali i podstaći vas na razmišljanje.
08:25
These are some of the images
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Ovo su neke od slika
08:27
and the characters of the film.
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i karaktera iz filma.
08:40
Now comes the green movement --
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Sada dolazi zeleni pokret -
08:42
the summer of 2009,
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leto 2009.
08:44
as my film is released --
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kada je moj film pušten -
08:46
the uprising begins in the streets of Tehran.
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ustanak počinje na ulicama Teherana.
08:49
What is unbelievably ironic
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Ono što je neverovatno ironično je da se
08:52
is the period that we tried to depict in the film,
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period koji smo pokušali da oslikamo u filmu,
08:55
the cry for democracy
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vapaj za demokratijom,
08:57
and social justice,
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i društvenom pravdom
08:59
repeats itself now
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ponavlja sada,
09:01
again in Tehran.
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ponovo u Teheranu.
09:03
The green movement
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Zeleni pokret je
09:05
significantly inspired the world.
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značajno inspirisao svet.
09:07
It brought a lot of attention to all those Iranians
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To je privuklo pažnju na sve one Irance
09:10
who stand for basic human rights
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koji se zalažu za osnovna ljudska prava
09:12
and struggle for democracy.
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i bore za demokratiju.
09:14
What was most significant for me
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Šta mi je bilo najznačajnije
09:16
was, once again,
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je, još jednom,
09:18
the presence of the women.
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prisustvo žena.
09:20
They're absolutely inspirational for me.
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One su meni apsolutno inspirativne.
09:22
If in the Islamic Revolution,
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Ako bi u Islamskoj revoluciji
09:24
the images of the woman portrayed
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žene bile oslikane
09:26
were submissive
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kao potčinjene
09:28
and didn't have a voice,
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i kao da nemaju glas
09:30
now we saw a new idea of feminism
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sada smo videli novu ideju feminizma
09:32
in the streets of Tehran --
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na ulicama Teherana,
09:35
women who were educated,
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žene koje su obrazovane,
09:37
forward thinking, non-traditional,
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otvorenog uma, netradicionalne,
09:39
sexually open, fearless
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seksualno otvorene, neustrašive
09:42
and seriously feminist.
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i ozbiljne feministkinje.
09:45
These women and those young men
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Ove žene i oni mladi muškarci,
09:48
united Iranians
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ujedinjeni Iranci
09:50
across the world, inside and outside.
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širom sveta, unutra i napolju.
09:53
I then discovered
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Tada sam shvatila
09:55
why I take so much inspiration
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zašto toliko inspiracije nalazim
09:57
from Iranian women.
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u iranskim ženama.
09:59
That, under all circumstances,
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One, pod svim okolnostima,
10:01
they have pushed the boundary.
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pomeraju granicu.
10:03
They have confronted the authority.
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Suprostavljaju se vlastima.
10:05
They have broken every rule
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Krše svako pravilo
10:07
in the smallest and the biggest way.
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na najmanji mogući, kao i na najveći mogući način.
10:09
And once again, they proved themselves.
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I, još jednom, one su se dokazale.
10:11
I stand here to say
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Stojim ovde da kažem
10:13
that Iranian women have found a new voice,
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da su iranske žene pronašle novi glas
10:16
and their voice is giving me my voice.
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i njihov glas meni daje glas.
10:19
And it's a great honor
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I velika je čast
10:21
to be an Iranian woman and an Iranian artist,
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biti Iranka i iranska umetnica
10:24
even if I have to operate in the West only for now.
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iako trenutno moram živeti i raditi na zapadu.
10:28
Thank you so much.
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Puno vam hvala!
10:30
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shirin Neshat - Iranian visual artistShirin Neshat has lived much of her life outside her native Iran. Her photographs and films offer a glimpse of the cultural, religious and political realities that shape the identities of Muslim women worldwide.
Why you should listen
Shirin Neshat is among the best-known Persian artists in the Western world. She has lived in the United States, in self-imposed exile from her native Iran, for most of her adult life. This experience, of being caught between two cultures, dominates Neshat’s creative work: each of her pieces offers a glimpse into the complex social, religious and political realities that shape her identity—and the identities of Muslim women worldwide.
Neshat’s provocative photographs, videos and multimedia installations have resonated with the curators of many major international art exhibitions, including the XLVIII Venice Biennale, where she won the top prize in 1999. Her first feature film, Women Without Men, tells the stories of four women struggling to escape oppression in Tehran. It won her the Silver Lion for best director at the 2010 Venice Film Festival.
Shirin Neshat | Speaker | TED.com