TEDGlobal 2013
Anant Agarwal: Why massive open online courses (still) matter
Anant Agarval (Anant Agarwal): Zašto su masovni otvoreni onlajn kursevi (i dalje) važni
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Godina 2013. bila je godina naglog uspona za MOOK-ove (masovne otvorene onlajn kurseve). Sjajne velike brojke i sjajne velike nade propratili su delimično razočaravajući prvi rezultati. Rukovodilac edX-a, Anant Agarval, obrazlaže da su MOOK-ovi i dalje važni kao način da se visokoškolsko učenje naširoko deli i pridoda (ali možda ne i zameni) tradicionalnom obrazovanju. Agarval deli svoju viziju o mešanom učenju u kom predavač stvara idealno iskustvo učenja za studente 21. veka.
Anant Agarwal - Education innovator
Through blended courses Anant Agarwal is pairing online education with face-to-face student-faculty interactions, reshaping the university campus experience. Full bio
Through blended courses Anant Agarwal is pairing online education with face-to-face student-faculty interactions, reshaping the university campus experience. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Voleo bih da iznova osmislim obrazovanje.
00:12
I'd like to reimagine education.
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00:15
The last year
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Prošla godina
00:17
has seen the invention of a new four-letter word.
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svedočila je osmišljavanju
nove četvoroslovne reči.
nove četvoroslovne reči.
00:20
It starts with an M.
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Počinje na „m" -
00:21
MOOC: massive open online courses.
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MOOK: masivni otvoreni onlajn kursevi.
00:26
Many organizations
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Mnoge organizacije
00:27
are offering these online courses
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nude ove internet kurseve
00:30
to students all over the world, in the millions, for free.
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za milione studenata
širom sveta besplatno.
širom sveta besplatno.
00:34
Anybody who has an Internet connection
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Svako ko ima internet i volju da uči
00:36
and the will to learn can access these great courses
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može da pristupi ovim sjajnim kursevima
00:38
from excellent universities
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sa izvanrednih univerziteta
00:40
and get a credential at the end of it.
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i dobije sertifikat na kraju kursa.
00:44
Now, in this discussion today,
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U današnjoj diskusiji,
00:46
I'm going to focus
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fokusiraću se
00:47
on a different aspect of MOOCs.
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na drugačiji aspekt MOOK-ova.
00:51
We are taking what we are learning
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Uzimamo ono što učimo,
00:53
and the technologies we are developing in the large
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kao i tehnologije koje razvijamo
na visokom nivou,
na visokom nivou,
00:56
and applying them in the small
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a primenjujemo ih na male stvari,
00:58
to create a blended model of education
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kako bismo stvorili model
mešovitog obrazovanja,
mešovitog obrazovanja,
01:01
to really reinvent and reimagine
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da ponovo otkrijemo i osmislimo
01:03
what we do in the classroom.
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ono što radimo u učionici.
01:05
Now, our classrooms could use change.
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Našim učionicama bi promena dobro došla.
01:07
So, here's a classroom
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Evo učionice
01:10
at this little three-letter institute
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ovog malog troslovnog instituta
01:12
in the Northeast of America, MIT.
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na severoistoku Amerike, MIT-a.
01:15
And this was a classroom about 50 or 60 years ago,
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Ovo je bila učionica pre 50 ili 60 godina,
01:17
and this is a classroom today.
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a ovo je učionica danas.
01:20
What's changed?
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Šta se promenilo?
01:24
The seats are in color.
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Sedišta su u boji.
01:26
Whoop-de-do.
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Juupiiii.
01:29
Education really hasn't changed
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Obrazovanje se nije promenilo
01:32
in the past 500 years.
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u poslednjih 500 godina.
01:34
The last big innovation in education
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Poslednja velika promena u obrazovanju
01:36
was the printing press and the textbooks.
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bila je štampa i udžbenici.
Sve ostalo se oko nas promenilo.
01:40
Everything else has changed around us.
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01:41
You know, from healthcare to transportation,
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Od zdravstva do prevoza,
01:43
everything is different,
but education hasn't changed.
but education hasn't changed.
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sve je drugačije,
ali obrazovanje se nije promenilo.
ali obrazovanje se nije promenilo.
01:47
It's also been a real issue in terms of access.
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Bilo je problematično
i kada se radi o pristupu.
i kada se radi o pristupu.
01:50
So what you see here
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Ovo što ovde vidite
01:52
is not a rock concert.
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nije rok koncert,
01:54
And the person you see at the end of the stage
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a osoba koja je na kraju pozornice
01:57
is not Madonna.
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nije Madona.
01:59
This is a classroom
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Ovo je učionica
02:00
at the Obafemi Awolowo University in Nigeria.
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u Obafemi Avolovo univerzitetu u Nigeriji.
02:05
Now, we've all heard of distance education,
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Svi smo čuli za obrazovanje na daljinu,
02:09
but the students way in the back,
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ali učenici skroz pozadi,
02:10
200 feet away from the instructor,
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oko 61 metar udaljeni od instruktora,
02:12
I think they are undergoing long-distance education.
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mislim da prolaze
kroz obrazovanje na daljinu.
kroz obrazovanje na daljinu.
02:17
Now, I really believe
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Zaista verujem
02:19
that we can transform education,
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da možemo da promenimo obrazovanje
02:21
both in quality and scale and access,
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u pogledu kvaliteta, cene i dostupnosti
02:24
through technology.
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preko tehnologije.
02:26
For example, at edX,
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Na primer, u edX-u
02:30
we are trying to transform education
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pokušavamo da promenimo obrazovanje
02:32
through online technologies.
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preko onlajn tehnologije.
Današnje obrazovanje
taložilo se preko 500 godina.
taložilo se preko 500 godina.
02:35
Given education has been calcified for 500 years,
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Ne možemo razmišljati
o tome da ga iznova gradimo,
o tome da ga iznova gradimo,
02:38
we really cannot think about reengineering it,
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02:41
micromanaging it.
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nadgledamo detaljno.
02:42
We really have to completely reimagine it.
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Treba da ga potpuno iznova osmislimo.
02:44
It's like going from ox carts to the airplane.
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Kao prelazak sa zaprežnih kola na avion.
02:48
Even the infrastructure has to change.
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Čak i infrastruktura mora da se menja.
02:50
Everything has to change.
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Sve mora da se menja.
02:51
We need to go from lectures on the blackboard
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Moramo da pređemo sa predavanja
koja koriste tablu
koja koriste tablu
02:55
to online exercises, online videos.
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na onlajn vežbanja i snimke.
02:57
We have to go to interactive virtual laboratories
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Moramo da pređemo
na interaktivne virtuelne laboratorije
i gejmifikaciju.
i gejmifikaciju.
03:00
and gamification.
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Moramo da pređemo
na kompletno onlajn ocenjivanje,
na kompletno onlajn ocenjivanje,
03:01
We have to go to completely online grading
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03:03
and peer interaction and discussion boards.
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interakciju učenika i forume.
03:06
Everything really has to change.
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Sve mora da se menja.
U edX-u i nekoliko drugih organizacija,
03:08
So at edX and a number of other organizations,
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primenjujemo ove tehnologije
03:11
we are applying these technologies to education
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na obrazovanje kroz MOOK-ove
03:13
through MOOCs to really
increase access to education.
increase access to education.
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da poboljšamo pristup obrazovanju.
03:16
And you heard of this example,
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Čuli ste za primer
03:18
where, when we launched our very first course --
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kada smo lansirali svoj prvi kurs -
a ovo je težak kurs MIT-a
03:20
and this was an MIT-hard
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o strujnim kolima i elektronici,
03:22
circuits and electronics course --
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03:24
about a year and a half ago,
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pre oko godinu i po dana,
a 155 000 studenata iz 162 zemlje
03:27
155,000 students from 162 countries
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prijavilo se na ovaj kurs,
03:32
enrolled in this course.
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a nismo čak imali ni budžet za marketing.
03:34
And we had no marketing budget.
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E, sad, 155 000 je veliki broj.
03:36
Now, 155,000 is a big number.
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03:40
This number is bigger
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Ovaj broj je veći
03:41
than the total number of alumni of MIT
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nego ukupan broj bivših studenata MIT-a
03:44
in its 150-year history.
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u 150-ogodišnjoj istoriji.
Kurs je prošlo 7 200 studenata,
03:48
7,200 students passed the course,
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03:50
and this was a hard course.
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a ovo je težak kurs.
Sedam hiljada i dvesta
je takođe veliki broj.
je takođe veliki broj.
03:53
7,200 is also a big number.
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03:56
If I were to teach at MIT two semesters every year,
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Ako bih predavao na MIT-u
dva semestra svake godine
dva semestra svake godine
trebalo bi da predajem 40 godina
04:00
I would have to teach for 40 years
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da bih predavao ovolikom broju studenata.
04:02
before I could teach this many students.
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04:05
Now these large numbers
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Ovi veliki brojevi
samo su jedan deo priče.
samo su jedan deo priče.
04:07
are just one part of the story.
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04:09
So today, I want to discuss a different aspect,
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Danas želim da diskutujem
o drugačijem aspektu,
o drugačijem aspektu,
04:11
the other side of MOOCs,
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o drugoj strani MOOK-ova,
iz drugačijeg ugla.
iz drugačijeg ugla.
04:13
take a different perspective.
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04:15
We are taking what we develop
and learn in the large
and learn in the large
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Uzimamo ono što smo razvili
i naučili na velikom nivou
i naučili na velikom nivou
04:18
and applying it in the small
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i primenjujemo na male stvari,
na učionicu,
na učionicu,
04:19
to the classroom, to create
a blended model of learning.
a blended model of learning.
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da bismo stvorili model mešanog učenja.
Pre nego što počnem da pričam o tome,
04:23
But before I go into that, let me tell you a story.
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dopustite mi da vam ispričam priču.
04:28
When my daughter turned 13, became a teenager,
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Kada je moja ćerka napunila 13 godina,
postala tinejdžerka,
04:32
she stopped speaking English,
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prestala je da priča na engleskom
i počela je da govori novi jezik.
04:35
and she began speaking this new language.
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Zovem ga tinski.
04:38
I call it teen-lish.
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To je digitalni jezik.
04:41
It's a digital language.
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04:43
It's got two sounds: a grunt and a silence.
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Ima dva zvuka - mumlanje i tišinu.
"Dušo, dođi na večeru."
04:50
"Honey, come over for dinner."
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"Hm".
04:53
"Hmm."
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04:55
"Did you hear me?"
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"Da li si me čula?"
04:57
Silence. (Laughter)
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Tišina. (Smeh)
04:59
"Can you listen to me?"
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"Možeš li da me čuješ?"
05:01
"Hmm."
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"Hm."
05:02
So we had a real issue with communicating,
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Dakle, imali smo problem sa komunikacijom
05:04
and we were just not communicating,
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i jednostavno nismo komunicirali,
05:06
until one day I had this epiphany.
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sve dok jednog dana
nisam doživeo prosvetljenje
nisam doživeo prosvetljenje
05:09
I texted her. (Laughter)
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i poslao joj SMS. (Smeh)
05:12
I got an instant response.
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Dobio sam odgovor iste sekunde.
05:14
I said, no, that must have been by accident.
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Rekoh, mora biti slučajno.
05:16
She must have thought, you know,
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Mora da je mislila, znate,
05:17
some friend of hers was calling her.
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da je neki od prijatelja zove.
05:19
So I texted her again. Boom, another response.
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Tako sam joj opet poslao poruku.
Bum! Još jedan odgovor.
Bum! Još jedan odgovor.
05:22
I said, this is great.
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Rekoh, ovo je sjajno.
05:24
And so since then, our life has changed.
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Od tada, naš život se promenio.
05:26
I text her, she responds.
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Šaljem joj poruke, ona odgovara.
05:28
It's just been absolutely great.
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Jednostavno je sjajno.
(Aplauz)
05:30
(Applause)
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05:36
So our millennial generation
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Generacija našeg milenijuma
05:38
is built differently.
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se drugačije razvila.
05:40
Now, I'm older, and my
youthful looks might belie that,
youthful looks might belie that,
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Ja sam stariji,
a moj mladalački izgled može to osporiti,
a moj mladalački izgled može to osporiti,
05:42
but I'm not in the millennial generation.
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ali nisam iz generacije ovog milenijuma.
Međutim, naša deca su drugačija.
05:46
But our kids are really different.
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05:48
The millennial generation is completely comfortable
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Milenijumskoj generaciji odgovara
onlajn tehnologija.
onlajn tehnologija.
05:50
with online technology.
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Zašto se onda borimo
protiv toga u učionicama?
protiv toga u učionicama?
05:51
So why are we fighting it in the classroom?
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Hajde da ne idemo protiv toga.
Prigrlimo to.
Prigrlimo to.
05:53
Let's not fight it. Let's embrace it.
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05:55
In fact, I believe -- and I have two fat thumbs,
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U stvari, imam dva debela palca
05:56
I can't text very well --
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i ne mogu baš najbolje da šaljem poruke,
05:58
but I'm willing to bet that with evolution,
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ali mogu da se kladim da će u evoluciji
06:00
our kids and their grandchildren
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naša deca i njihovi unuci
06:02
will develop really, really little, itty-bitty thumbs
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razviti stvarno male, majušne palčeve
06:04
to text much better,
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da bi bolje slala poruke,
06:06
that evolution will fix all of that stuff.
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a evolucija će srediti sve te stvari.
Šta ako bismo prigrlili tehnologiju,
06:08
But what if we embraced technology,
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prigrlili prirodne afinitete
milenijumske generacije
milenijumske generacije
06:10
embraced the millennial generation's
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06:13
natural predilections,
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i zaista razmislili o stvaranju
onlajn tehnologija,
onlajn tehnologija,
06:14
and really think about creating
these online technologies,
these online technologies,
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ako bismo ih utkali u njihove živote?
06:17
blend them into their lives.
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06:19
So here's what we can do.
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Evo šta možemo da uradimo.
06:20
So rather than driving our kids into a classroom,
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Umesto da guramo svoju decu u učionicu,
praveći gužvu u 8 ujutru -
06:23
herding them out there at 8 o'clock in the morning --
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mrzeo sam da idem na čas u 8 ujutru.
06:25
I hated going to class at 8 o'clock in the morning,
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Zašto onda teramo našu decu da to rade?
06:28
so why are we forcing our kids to do that?
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Umesto toga mogu da odgledaju video snimke
06:30
So instead what you do
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06:31
is you have them watch videos
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i odrade interaktivne vežbe
06:33
and do interactive exercises
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u miru svojih soba za učenje,
u spavaćim sobama,
u spavaćim sobama,
06:35
in the comfort of their dorm rooms, in their bedroom,
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06:38
in the dining room, in the bathroom,
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trpezarijama, kupatilu,
06:40
wherever they're most creative.
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gde god su najkreativniji.
Zatim dolaze u učionicu
06:42
Then they come into the classroom
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06:44
for some in-person interaction.
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zbog interakcije uživo.
Mogu da diskutuju međusobno.
06:48
They can have discussions amongst themselves.
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06:50
They can solve problems together.
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Mogu zajedno da rešavaju probleme.
06:51
They can work with the professor
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Mogu da rade sa profesorom
06:52
and have the professor answer their questions.
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i da im on odgovori na pitanja.
06:55
In fact, with edX, when we
were teaching our first course
were teaching our first course
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U stvari, sa edX-om,
dok smo držali svoj prvi kurs
dok smo držali svoj prvi kurs
na temu strujnih kola i elektronike
širom sveta,
širom sveta,
06:59
on circuits and electronics around the world,
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ovo nam se dešavalo
a da nismo znali za to.
a da nismo znali za to.
07:02
this was happening unbeknownst to us.
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Dva srednjoškolska predavača
07:04
Two high school teachers
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07:06
at the Sant High School in Mongolia
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u srednjoj školi "Sant" u Mongoliji
07:09
had flipped their classroom,
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preokrenuli su svoju učionicu
07:11
and they were using our video lectures
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i koristili naša video predavanja
07:14
and interactive exercises,
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i interaktivne vežbe,
07:16
where the learners in the high school,
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gde su učenici u srednjoj školi,
07:17
15-year-olds, mind you,
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pazite, 15-ogodišnjaci,
07:19
would go and do these things in their own homes
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odlazili i radili ove stvari
u svojim domovima,
u svojim domovima,
07:21
and they would come into class,
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vraćali se na čas
07:22
and as you see from this image here,
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i, kao što možete videti na ovoj slici,
07:24
they would interact with each other
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radili bi zajedno
07:25
and do some physical laboratory work.
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fizički u laboratoriji.
07:27
And the only way we discovered this
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Otkrili smo to samo zbog toga
07:29
was they wrote a blog
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što su napisali blog,
07:30
and we happened to stumble upon that blog.
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a mi smo slučajno naleteli na njega.
Takođe smo radili
na drugim pilot projektima.
na drugim pilot projektima.
07:34
We were also doing other pilots.
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Tako smo kreirali
pilotski eksperimentalni mešani kurs
pilotski eksperimentalni mešani kurs
07:36
So we did a pilot experimental blended courses,
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u saradnji sa državnim univerzitetom
"San Hoze" u Kaliforniji,
"San Hoze" u Kaliforniji,
07:39
working with San Jose State University in California,
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ponovo, sa kursom
o strujnim kolima i elektronici.
o strujnim kolima i elektronici.
07:42
again, with the circuits and electronics course.
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07:44
You'll hear that a lot. That course has become
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To ćete čuti često.
Taj kurs je postao
nešto poput petrijeve šolje za učenje.
nešto poput petrijeve šolje za učenje.
07:46
sort of like our petri dish of learning.
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07:49
So there, the students would, again,
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Tako su tamo, opet,
07:52
the instructors flipped the classroom,
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instruktori preokrenuli učionicu,
spojili onlajn i uživo,
07:54
blended online and in person,
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07:56
and the results were staggering.
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a rezultati su bili zapanjujući.
Nemojte misliti još uvek da je ovo kraj.
07:58
Now don't take these results to the bank just yet.
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08:01
Just wait a little bit longer as we
experiment with this some more,
experiment with this some more,
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Sačekajte da još malo eksperimentišemo,
08:04
but the early results are incredible.
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ali su prvi rezultati neverovatni.
08:06
So traditionally, semester upon semester,
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Tradicionalno, semestar za semestrom,
08:08
for the past several years, this course,
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tokom nekoliko proteklih godina,
ovaj kurs,
ovaj kurs,
08:11
again, a hard course,
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da ponovim, težak kurs,
08:12
had a failure rate of about 40 to 41 percent
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nije prolazilo od 40 do 41 procenta
svakog semestra.
08:15
every semester.
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08:17
With this blended class late last year,
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Sa mešanim predavanjima
krajem prošle godine,
krajem prošle godine,
08:20
the failure rate fell to nine percent.
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stopa neuspeha pala je na devet procenata.
Dakle, rezultati mogu biti izuzetno dobri.
08:23
So the results can be extremely, extremely good.
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Pre nego što odemo predaleko sa ovim,
08:27
Now before we go too far into this,
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želeo bih da provedem neko vreme
u diskusiji
u diskusiji
08:30
I'd like to spend some time discussing
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o nekim ključnim idejama.
08:33
some key ideas.
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08:34
What are some key ideas
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Koje to ključne ideje čine
08:35
that makes all of this work?
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da sve ovo funkcioniše?
Jedna je aktivno učenje.
08:38
One idea is active learning.
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2227
Ideja je da, umesto da učenici
08:41
The idea here is, rather than have students
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dođu na čas i gledaju predavanja,
08:43
walk into class and watch lectures,
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to zamenimo nečim što zovemo lekcije.
08:45
we replace this with what we call lessons.
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Lekcije su umetnuti nizovi snimaka
08:48
Lessons are interleaved sequences
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08:50
of videos and interactive exercises.
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i interaktivnih vežbi.
Učenik može pregledati 5-ominutni,
7-ominutni video
7-ominutni video
08:53
So a student might watch a five-, seven-minute video
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3179
i propratiti to interaktivnom vežbom.
08:56
and follow that with an interactive exercise.
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Razmišljajte o ovome
kao o krajnjoj sokratizaciji obrazovanja.
kao o krajnjoj sokratizaciji obrazovanja.
08:59
Think of this as the ultimate
Socratization of education.
Socratization of education.
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3145
09:03
You teach by asking questions.
216
531027
1980
Predajete tako što postavljate pitanja.
09:05
And this is a form of learning
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1504
Ovo je forma učenja
09:06
called active learning,
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1277
koja se naziva aktivno učenje,
09:07
and really promoted by a very early paper, in 1972,
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3279
koju je promovisao rani rad,
iz 1872. godine,
iz 1872. godine,
09:11
by Craik and Lockhart,
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1518
Krejka i Lokharta,
gde su naveli i otkrili
09:12
where they said and discovered
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1521
da su učenje i zadržavanje materijala
u snažnom odnosu
u snažnom odnosu
09:14
that learning and retention really relates strongly
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2380
09:16
to the depth of mental processing.
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sa dubinom mentalne obrade.
09:18
Students learn much better
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1492
Učenici mnogo bolje uče
09:19
when they are interacting with the material.
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547727
3188
kada su u interakciji sa materijalom.
09:22
The second idea is self-pacing.
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2778
Druga ideja je učenje sopstvenim tempom.
09:25
Now, when I went to a lecture hall,
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Kada bih otišao u salu za predavanje,
09:27
and if you were like me,
228
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1290
a ako ste kao ja,
09:28
by the fifth minute I would lose the professor.
229
556619
1966
do petog minuta
izgubio bih nit predavanja.
izgubio bih nit predavanja.
09:30
I wasn't all that smart, and I would
be scrambling, taking notes,
be scrambling, taking notes,
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Nisam bio nešto pametan,
koprcao bih se, hvatao beleške,
koprcao bih se, hvatao beleške,
09:34
and then I would lose the lecture
for the rest of the hour.
for the rest of the hour.
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3191
a zatim bih ispustio predavanje
sledeći deo sata.
sledeći deo sata.
Umesto toga, zar ne bi bilo dobro
da sa onlajn tehnologijama
da sa onlajn tehnologijama
09:37
Instead, wouldn't it be nice with online technologies,
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09:39
we offer videos and interactive
engagements to students?
engagements to students?
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ponudimo učenicima snimke
i interaktivni angažman?
i interaktivni angažman?
Mogu da pritisnu dugme za pauzu.
09:43
They can hit the pause button.
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1731
09:45
They can rewind the professor.
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2491
Mogu da premotaju profesora.
09:47
Heck, they can even mute the professor.
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3099
U bestraga, mogu i da isključe
profesorov glas.
profesorov glas.
Ovaj oblik učenja sopstvenim tempom
09:51
So this form of self-pacing
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579015
2054
09:53
can be very helpful to learning.
238
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2625
može da bude od velike pomoći pri učenju.
Treća ideja koju imamo
09:55
The third idea that we have is instant feedback.
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3354
je neposredna povratna informacija.
09:59
With instant feedback,
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1477
Kod nje kompjuter ocenjuje vežbe.
10:00
the computer grades exercises.
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1855
10:02
I mean, how else do you teach 150,000 students?
242
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2295
Kako drugačije držati časove
za 150 000 studenata?
za 150 000 studenata?
10:04
Your computer is grading all the exercises.
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2294
Vaš kompjuter ocenjuje sve vežbe.
10:06
And we've all submitted homeworks,
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594969
1534
Svi smo mi imali
domaće zadatke koje predamo,
domaće zadatke koje predamo,
10:08
and your grades come back two weeks later,
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596503
2041
ocene stižu za dve nedelje,
i skroz ste zaboravili na njih.
i skroz ste zaboravili na njih.
10:10
you've forgotten all about it.
246
598544
1624
10:12
I don't think I've still received
some of my homeworks
some of my homeworks
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600168
2077
Mislim da još uvek nisam dobio
neke od svojih ocena
neke od svojih ocena
10:14
from my undergraduate days.
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1485
još iz apsolventskih dana.
10:15
Some are never graded.
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1347
Neki nikada nisu ocenjeni.
10:17
So with instant feedback,
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1494
Sa neposrednom povratnom informacijom,
10:18
students can try to apply answers.
251
606571
1490
učenici mogu da pokušaju
da primene odgovore.
da primene odgovore.
10:20
If they get it wrong, they can get instant feedback.
252
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2409
Ako pogreše, mogu odmah da dobiju fidbek,
10:22
They can try it again and try it again,
253
610470
1648
mogu da pokušaju iznova i iznova,
10:24
and this really becomes much more engaging.
254
612118
1933
a dobijanje momentalnog odgovora
10:26
They get the instant feedback,
255
614051
1583
postaje mnogo privlačnije.
10:27
and this little green check mark that you see here
256
615634
2919
Zeleni znak za potvrdu koji ovde vidite
postaje kultni simbol u edX-u.
10:30
is becoming somewhat of a cult symbol at edX.
257
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3590
Učenici nam govore da odlaze na spavanje
10:34
Learners are telling us that they go to bed at night
258
622143
2888
10:37
dreaming of the green check mark.
259
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3444
i da sanjaju zeleni znak za štrikliranje.
10:40
In fact, one of our learners
260
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1802
U stvari, jedan od naših učenika
10:42
who took the circuits course early last year,
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630293
2781
koji je upisao kurs o strujnim kolima
prošle godine,
prošle godine,
10:45
he then went on to take a software course
262
633074
1932
upisao je kasnije kurs o softverima
10:47
from Berkeley at the end of the year,
263
635006
2301
sa Berklija na kraju godine.
10:49
and this is what the learner had to say
264
637307
2146
Ovo je imao da kaže na forumu
10:51
on our discussion board
265
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1272
10:52
when he just started that course
266
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1526
kada je započeo taj kurs
10:54
about the green check mark:
267
642251
2521
o zelenom znaku:
10:56
"Oh god; have I missed you."
268
644772
2057
"Oh, bože, koliko si mi nedostajao."
Kada ste poslednji put videli
10:58
When's the last time you've seen students
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646829
2698
da učenici postavljaju ovakve komentare
o domaćim zadacima?
o domaćim zadacima?
11:01
posting comments like this about homework?
270
649527
4461
11:05
My colleague Ed Bertschinger,
271
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2396
Moj kolega, Ed Bertčinger,
11:08
who heads up the physics department at MIT,
272
656384
2170
koji predvodi odeljenje za fiziku
na MIT-u ima ovo da izjavi
na MIT-u ima ovo da izjavi
11:10
has this to say about instant feedback:
273
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2844
o neposrednoj povratnoj informaciji -
11:13
He indicated that instant feedback
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3001
ukazuje da ona pretvara
11:16
turns teaching moments into learning outcomes.
275
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5775
trenutke predavanja u rezultate učenja.
11:22
The next big idea is gamification.
276
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2292
Sledeća velika ideja je gejmifikacija.
11:24
You know, all learners engage really well
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1901
Znate, sve učenike privlače
11:26
with interactive videos and so on.
278
674367
1509
interaktivni video snimci, itd.
11:27
You know, they would sit down and shoot
279
675876
1265
Znate, sedeli bi i pucali
11:29
alien spaceships all day long until they get it.
280
677141
2344
u vanzemaljski brod ceo dan
dok ga ne obore.
dok ga ne obore.
11:31
So we applied these gamification
techniques to learning,
techniques to learning,
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679485
2787
Primenili smo tehnike gejmifikacije
na učenje
na učenje
11:34
and we can build these online laboratories.
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2223
i možemo da izgradimo onlajn laboratorije.
11:36
How do you teach creativity?
How do you teach design?
How do you teach design?
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2247
Kako predajate o kreativnosti?
Kako predajate o dizajnu?
Kako predajate o dizajnu?
11:38
We can do this through online labs
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1669
Možemo to da uradimo
kroz onlajn laboratorije
kroz onlajn laboratorije
11:40
and use computing power
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1277
i da koristimo moć kompjutera
11:41
to build these online labs.
286
689698
1589
da ih izgradimo.
11:43
So as this little video shows here,
287
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2388
Kao što ovaj mali video pokazuje,
11:45
you can engage students
288
693675
1465
možete da angažujete učenike
11:47
much like they design with Legos.
289
695140
1607
kao da stvaraju uz pomoć Lego kockica.
11:48
So here, the learners are building a circuit
290
696747
1918
Ovde učenici grade strujno kolo
11:50
with Lego-like ease.
291
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1891
sa lakoćom poput igranja Lego kockama,
11:52
And this can also be graded by the computer.
292
700556
4091
a ovo, takođe, može oceniti kompjuter.
Peto je interaktivno učenje.
11:56
Fifth is peer learning.
293
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2934
Ovde koristimo forume i diskusije
11:59
So here, we use discussion forums and discussions
294
707581
2835
12:02
and Facebook-like interaction
295
710416
2100
i interakciju sličnu onoj na Fejsbuku
12:04
not as a distraction,
296
712516
1864
ne kao zabavu,
12:06
but to really help students learn.
297
714380
2847
već da pomognemo učenicima da uče.
12:09
Let me tell you a story.
298
717227
1717
Dozvolite mi da vam ispričam priču.
12:10
When we did our circuits course
299
718944
3226
Kada smo radili na kursu o strujnim kolima
12:14
for the 155,000 students,
300
722170
1866
za 155 000 studenata,
12:16
I didn't sleep for three nights
301
724036
1665
nisam spavao tri noći
12:17
leading up to the launch of the course.
302
725701
1887
koje su vodile početku kursa.
12:19
I told my TAs, okay, 24/7,
303
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2559
Rekao sam svojim asistentima:
"U redu, bićemo non-stop budni,
12:22
we're going to be up
304
730147
1266
12:23
monitoring the forum, answering questions.
305
731413
1874
nadgledaćemo forum, odgovarati na pitanja.
12:25
They had answered questions for 100 students.
306
733287
1973
Odgovorili su na pitanja 100 studenata.
12:27
How do you do that for 150,000?
307
735260
2861
Kako to radite za 150 000?
12:30
So one night I'm sitting up there, at 2 a.m. at night,
308
738121
2336
Tako, jedne noći sedim u 2 ujutru
12:32
and I think there's this question
309
740457
1221
i mislim da je bilo neko pitanje
12:33
from a student from Pakistan,
310
741678
1971
učenika iz Pakistana.
12:35
and he asked a question, and I said,
311
743649
1328
Postavio je pitanje i rekoh:
12:36
okay, let me go and type up an answer,
312
744977
1456
"U redu, hajde da otkucam odgovor."
12:38
I don't type all that fast,
313
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1608
Uopšte ne kucam brzo
12:40
and I begin typing up the answer,
314
748041
1564
i krećem da kucam odgovor
12:41
and before I can finish,
315
749605
1694
i pre nego što sam završio,
12:43
another student from Egypt
popped in with an answer,
popped in with an answer,
316
751299
2674
učenik iz Egipta ubacuje se sa odgovorom,
12:45
not quite right, so I'm fixing the answer,
317
753973
1918
ne baš tačnim, pa prepravljam odgovor
12:47
and before I can finish, a student from the U.S.
318
755891
1968
i pre nego što sam završio, učenik iz SAD
12:49
had popped in with a different answer.
319
757859
1609
upao je sa drugačijim odgovorom.
12:51
And then I sat back, fascinated.
320
759468
2800
Sedeo sam, fasciniran.
12:54
Boom, boom, boom, boom, the students were
321
762268
1947
Bum-bum-bum-bum.
Učenici su diskutovali
i komunicirali međusobno
i komunicirali međusobno
12:56
discussing and interacting with each other,
322
764215
1951
12:58
and by 4 a.m. that night, I'm totally fascinated,
323
766166
2518
i do 4 sata te noći, fasciniran sam,
13:00
having this epiphany,
324
768684
1468
doživljavam otkrovenje,
13:02
and by 4 a.m. in the morning,
325
770152
1256
a do 4 sata ujutru
13:03
they had discovered the right answer.
326
771408
1753
otkrili su pravi odgovor.
13:05
And all I had to do was go and bless it,
327
773161
1727
Jedina stvar koju sam morao
da uradim je da aminujem.
da uradim je da aminujem.
13:06
"Good answer."
328
774888
1966
"Dobar odgovor."
13:08
So this is absolutely amazing,
329
776854
2352
Ovo je potpuno neverovatna stvar,
13:11
where students are learning from each other,
330
779206
1810
gde učenici uče jedni od drugih
13:13
and they're telling us that they are learning
331
781016
2817
i govore nam da uče
kroz učenje drugih.
13:15
by teaching.
332
783833
2297
13:18
Now this is all not just in the future.
333
786130
1980
Sve ovo se neće samo desiti u budućnosti.
13:20
This is happening today.
334
788110
1752
Dešava se danas.
13:21
So we are applying these blended learning pilots
335
789862
2317
Primenjujemo ove pilot projekte
mešanog učenja
mešanog učenja
13:24
in a number of universities and
high schools around the world,
high schools around the world,
336
792179
2741
na nekoliko univerziteta
i srednjih škola širom sveta,
i srednjih škola širom sveta,
13:26
from Tsinghua in China
337
794920
1786
od Čingua u Kini,
13:28
to the National University of Mongolia in Mongolia
338
796706
2432
preko državnog univerziteta "Mongolija"
u Mongoliji
u Mongoliji
13:31
to Berkeley in California --
339
799138
1611
do Berklija u Kaliforniji -
13:32
all over the world.
340
800749
1359
širom sveta.
13:34
And these kinds of technologies really help,
341
802108
2024
Ove tehnologije zaista mogu da pomognu,
13:36
the blended model can really help
342
804132
1549
mešani model može zaista da pomogne
13:37
revolutionize education.
343
805681
2098
u revoluciji obrazovanja.
13:39
It can also solve a practical problem of MOOCs,
344
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3411
Može da reši praktične probleme MOOK-ova,
13:43
the business aspect.
345
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1680
poslovni aspekt.
13:44
We can also license these MOOC courses
346
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2316
Možemo da dajemo ovlašćenja
da ove MOOK-ove koriste
da ove MOOK-ove koriste
13:47
to other universities,
347
815186
1739
drugi univerziteti,
13:48
and therein lies a revenue model for MOOCs,
348
816925
2564
a tu leži model prihoda za MOOK-ove -
univerzitet koji izdaje licencu
sa profesorom
sa profesorom
13:51
where the university that
licenses it with the professor
licenses it with the professor
349
819489
2389
može da koristi ove onlajn kurseve
13:53
can use these online courses
350
821878
1837
13:55
like the next-generation textbook.
351
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kao udžbenike za sledeću generaciju.
13:57
They can use as much or as little as they like,
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Mogu da koriste koliko god toga žele,
14:00
and it becomes a tool in the teacher's arsenal.
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a to postaje nastavno sredstvo predavača.
Konačno, voleo bih
14:05
Finally, I would like to have you
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14:07
dream with me for a little bit.
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da malo sanjate sa mnom.
14:10
I would like us to really reimagine education.
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Želeo bih da iznova osmislimo obrazovanje.
14:14
We will have to move from lecture halls to e-spaces.
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Moraćemo da pređemo
iz sala za predavanja na internet.
iz sala za predavanja na internet.
14:19
We have to move from books to tablets
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Moramo da pređemo sa knjiga na tablete,
14:21
like the Aakash in India
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kao što je "Akaš" u Indiji
14:23
or the Raspberry Pi, 20 dollars.
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ili "Razberi paj" od 20 dolara.
14:25
The Aakash is 40 dollars.
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"Akaš" je 40 dolara.
14:27
We have to move from
bricks-and-mortar school buildings
bricks-and-mortar school buildings
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Moramo da krenemo iz fizičkih škola
14:30
to digital dormitories.
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u digitalne studentske domove.
14:33
But I think at the end of the day,
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Mislim da će nam na kraju
14:34
I think we will still need one lecture hall
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ipak trebati jedna sala za predavanja
14:37
in our universities.
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na našim univerzitetima.
14:39
Otherwise, how else do we tell our grandchildren
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Kako bismo drugačije pričali unucima:
14:42
that your grandparents sat in that room
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"Znaš, baka i deka
su sedeli u toj prostoriji,
su sedeli u toj prostoriji,
14:45
in neat little rows like cornstalks
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uredno poređani po redovima kao kukuruzi
i posmatrali profesora na vrhu
14:49
and watched this professor at the end
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kako govori o gradivu, a znaš,
14:51
talk about content and, you know,
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nije postojalo čak dugme za premotavanje."
14:54
you didn't even have a rewind button?
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14:56
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
(Aplauz)
14:59
(Applause)
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Hvala, hvala. (Aplauz)
15:01
Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anant Agarwal - Education innovatorThrough blended courses Anant Agarwal is pairing online education with face-to-face student-faculty interactions, reshaping the university campus experience.
Why you should listen
In the spring of 2012, Anant Agarwal, a professor of computer science at MIT, taught a course called “Circuits and Electronics.” As usual, it was MIT-level challenging, requiring knowledge of differential equations and calculus. Unlike in the past, though, the course enrolled 155,000 students from 162 countries around the world.
It was the inaugural offering of what is now edX , an online learning venture of MIT and Harvard, which Agarwal helms. Through this nonprofit -- one of the leading forces of the massive open online course (MOOC) movement -- Agarwal aims to make higher education globally available, for free.
Which does not preclude in-person education. On campus, Agarwal is pushing for what he calls blended courses, which interweave digital content and face-to-face interactions. "I see online learning as a rising tide that will lift all boats,” Agarwal says.
Agarwal holds the Guinness World Record for the largest microphone array, and was named one of Forbes' top education innovators in 2012. Find him on Twitter at @agarwaledu.
Anant Agarwal | Speaker | TED.com