ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Erin McKean - Dictionary editor
As the co-founder of Reverb Technologies, the maker of the online dictionary Wordnik, Erin McKean is reshaping how we interact with language itself.

Why you should listen

Erin McKean's job as a lexicographer involves living in a constant state of research. She searches high and low -- from books to blogs, newspapers to cocktail parties -- for new words, new meanings for old words, or signs that old words have fallen out of use. In June of this year, she involved us all in the search by launching Wordnik, an online dictionary that houses all the traditionally accepted words and definitions, but also asks users to contribute new words and new uses for old words. Wordnik pulls real-time examples of word usage from Twitter, image representations from Flickr along with many more non-traditional, and highly useful, features. 

Before Wordnik, McKean was one of the youngest editors of the New Oxford American Dictionary. She continues to serve as the editor of the language quarterly  Verbatim ("language and linguistics for the layperson since 1974") and is the author of multiple books, including That's Amore and the entire Weird and Wonderful Words series. All that, and she maintains multiple blogs, too: McKean is the keen observationalist behind A Dress a Day and Dictionary Evangelist. Is there anything she can't do? Surprisingly, she is notoriously bad at Scrabble.  

 

 

More profile about the speaker
Erin McKean | Speaker | TED.com
TEDYouth 2014

Erin McKean: Go ahead, make up new words!

Erin MekKin (Erin McKean): Izvolite, smišljajte nove reči!

Filmed:
1,936,780 views

U ovom šaljivom, kratkom govoru sa TEDxYouth, leksikografkinja Erin MekKin podstiče publiku da stvara nove reči tamo gde postojeće baš ne funkcionišu. Ona navodi 6 načina za pravljenje novih reči u engleskom, od slaganja do "verbalizacije", da bismo napravili jezik boljim za izražavanje onoga što mislimo, i da bismo stvorili više načina da razumemo jedni druge.
- Dictionary editor
As the co-founder of Reverb Technologies, the maker of the online dictionary Wordnik, Erin McKean is reshaping how we interact with language itself. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I'm a lexicographerLeksikograf.
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Ja sam leksikograf.
00:13
I make dictionariesrečnici.
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Ja pravim rečnike.
00:15
And my jobпосао as a lexicographerLeksikograf
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Moj posao kao leksikografa je
00:17
is to try to put all the wordsречи possibleмогуће
into the dictionaryречник.
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da pokušam da stavim
sve moguće reči u rečnik.
00:20
My jobпосао is not to decideодлучити what a wordреч is;
that is your jobпосао.
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Moj posao nije da odlučim šta je reč;
to je vaš posao.
00:26
EverybodySvi who speaksговори Englishengleski
decidesодлучује togetherзаједно
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Svi koji govore engleski odlučuju zajedno
00:29
what's a wordреч and what's not a wordреч.
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šta je reč, a šta nije.
00:32
EverySvaki languageЈезик is just a groupгрупа of people
who agreeдоговорити се to understandРазумем eachсваки other.
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Svaki jezik je samo grupa ljudi koja se
dogovara o međusobnom sporazumevanju.
00:37
Now, sometimesпонекад when people are tryingпокушавајући
to decideодлучити whetherда ли је a wordреч is good or badлоше,
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Ponekad, kad ljudi pokušavaju da odluče
da li je neka reč dobra ili loša,
00:41
they don't really have a good reasonразлог.
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nemaju baš dobar razlog.
00:43
So they say something like,
"Because grammargramatika!"
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Pa kažu nešto kao: "Zbog gramatike!"
00:46
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
00:48
I don't actuallyзаправо really careнега about grammargramatika
too much -- don't tell anybodyбило ко.
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Ja ne marim baš mnogo za gramatiku -
nemojte nikome da kažete.
00:52
But the wordреч "grammargramatika," actuallyзаправо,
there are two kindsврсте of grammargramatika.
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Ali, reč "gramatika" - u stvari,
postoje dve vrste gramatike.
00:55
There's the kindкинд of grammargramatika
that livesживи insideу your brainмозак,
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Postoji gramatika koja živi u vašem umu
00:58
and if you're a nativeнативе
speakerзвучник of a languageЈезик
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i ako ste izvorni govornik jezika
01:00
or a good speakerзвучник of a languageЈезик,
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ili dobar govornik jezika,
01:02
it's the unconsciousнесвестан rulesправила that you followпратити
when you speakговорити that languageЈезик.
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to su nesvesna pravila koja sledite
kada govorite taj jezik.
01:05
And this is what you learnучи when
you learnучи a languageЈезик as a childдете.
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To je ono što naučite
kada učite jezik kao dete.
01:08
And here'sево an exampleпример:
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I evo primera:
01:10
This is a wugwug, right?
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Ovo je Vag.
01:11
It's a wugwug.
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Vag.
01:13
Now there is anotherдруги one.
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A evo i još jednog.
01:15
There are two of these.
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Ima ih dva.
01:16
There are two ...
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Ima dva...
01:17
AudiencePubliku: WugsWugs.
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Publika: Vaga.
01:19
ErinErin McKeanMcKean: ExactlyTačno! You know
how to make the pluralu množini of wugwug.
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Erin MekKin: Tačno! Znate kako
da napravite množinu od "vag".
01:22
That ruleправило livesживи in your brainмозак.
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To pravilo živi u vašem umu.
01:24
You never had to be taughtнаучио this ruleправило,
you just understandРазумем it.
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Nikada nisu morali da vas uče
tom pravilu, prosto ga znate.
01:27
This is an experimentексперимент that was inventedизмишљен
by a professorпрофесор at [BostonBoston UniversityUniverzitet]
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Ovo je eksperiment koji je smislio
profesor na Bostonskom univerzitetu
01:30
namedназван JeanJean BerkoBerko GleasonGleason back in 1958.
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Džin Berko Glison 1958. godine.
01:34
So we'veми смо been talkingпричају about this
for a long time.
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Pričamo o o ovome već dugo.
01:37
Now, these kindsврсте of naturalприродно rulesправила
that existпостоје in your brainмозак,
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Ova vrsta prirodnih pravila
koja postoje u vašem umu
01:40
they're not like trafficсаобраћај lawsЗакони,
they're more like lawsЗакони of natureприрода.
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nisu kao saobraćajni zakoni,
već više kao zakoni prirode.
01:44
And nobodyнико has to remindПодсетите you to obeyпоштовати
a lawзакон of natureприрода, right?
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A niko ne treba da vas podseća
da poštujete prirodni zakon, zar ne?
01:48
When you leaveодлази the houseкућа in the morningјутро,
your momмама doesn't say,
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Kad izađete ujutru, vaša mama ne kaže:
01:51
"Hey, honeyдушо, I think
it's going to be coldхладно, take a hoodieduks,
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"Hej, dušo, mislim da će biti
hladno, uzmi jaknu,
01:53
don't forgetзаборави to obeyпоштовати the lawзакон of gravityгравитацију."
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ne zaboravi da poštuješ
zakon gravitacije."
01:56
NobodyNiko nije saysкаже this.
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Niko to ne govori.
01:58
Now, there are other rulesправила that are more
about mannersmaniri than they are about natureприрода.
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Postoje druga pravila koja su više
u vezi načina, nego u vezi prirode.
02:05
So you can think of a wordреч as like a hatшешир.
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Možete zamisliti reč kao što je "šešir".
02:08
OnceJednom you know how hatskape work,
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Kad naučite kako funkcioniše šešir,
02:10
nobodyнико has to tell you,
"Don't wearносити hatskape on your feetстопала."
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niko ne treba da vam kaže:
"Ne nosi šešir na nogama."
02:13
What they have to tell you is,
"Can you wearносити hatskape insideу?
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Ono što treba da vam kažu je:
"Da li šeširi mogu da se nose unutra?
02:16
Who getsдобива to wearносити a hatшешир?
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Ko nosi šešir?
02:18
What are the kindsврсте of hatskape
you get to wearносити?"
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Koje vrste šešira se nose?"
02:21
Those are more of the secondдруго kindкинд
of grammargramatika,
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To je više druga vrsta gramatike,
02:23
whichкоја linguistslingvistima oftenчесто call usageупотреба,
as opposedпротив to grammargramatika.
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koju lingvisti često nazivaju "upotreba",
kao suprotnost gramatici.
02:28
Now, sometimesпонекад people use this kindкинд of
rules-basedzasnovane na pravilima grammargramatika
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Ponekad ljudi koriste ove
gramatike zasnovane na pravilima
02:32
to discourageobeshrabriti people from makingстварање up wordsречи.
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da bi obeshrabrili ljude
da izmišljaju reči.
02:35
And I think that is, well, stupidглупо.
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Ja mislim da je to glupo.
02:37
So, for exampleпример,
people are always tellingговорећи you,
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Na primer, ljudi vam stalno govore:
02:40
"Be creativeкреативан, make newново musicмузика, do artуметност,
inventизумети things, scienceНаука and technologyтехнологија."
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"Budi kreativan, komponuj muziku,
bavi se umetnošću, naukom i tehnologijom."
02:46
But when it comesдолази to
wordsречи, they're like,
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Ali kad su u pitanju reči, kažu:
02:48
"Don't! No. CreativityKreativnost stopsзауставља right here,
whippersnapperskuronje. Give it a restодмор."
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"Nemoj! Ne. Kreativnost
ovde prestaje. Prestani s tim."
02:53
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
02:54
But that makesчини no senseсмисао to me.
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Po meni, to nema smisla.
02:56
WordsReči are great.
We should have more of them.
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Reči su sjajne. Treba da ih imamo više.
02:58
I want you to make
as manyмноги newново wordsречи as possibleмогуће.
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Želim da smislite
što je moguće više novih reči.
03:02
And I'm going to tell you sixшест waysначини that
you can use to make newново wordsречи in Englishengleski.
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I reći ću vam šest načina za
pravljenje novih reči u engleskom.
03:07
The first way is the simplestнајједноставније way.
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Prvi način je najjednostavniji.
03:09
BasicallyU osnovi, stealукради them from other
languagesјезике.
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Prosto ih ukradite iz drugih jezika.
03:11
["Go robроб other people"]
(LaughterSmeh)
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[Kradite od drugih ljudi]
(Smeh)
03:15
LinguistsLingvistima call this borrowingзадуживање,
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Lingvisti ovo zovu pozajmljivanje,
03:17
but we never give the wordsречи back ,
so I'm just going to be honestпоштен
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ali nikad ne vraćamo reči,
pa ću biti iskrena
03:20
and call it stealingkrade.
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i nazvati to krađom.
03:22
We usuallyобично take wordsречи for things
that we like, like deliciousukusno foodхрана.
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Obično uzimamo reči za stvari koje volimo,
kao na primer, ukusnu hranu.
03:26
We tookузела "kumquatKumkvat" from Chinesekineski,
we tookузела "caramelkaramel" from Frenchfrancuski.
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Uzeli smo "kumkvat" iz kineskog,
"karamel" iz francuskog.
03:29
We alsoтакође take wordsречи
for coolхладан things like "ninjaninja," right?
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Takođe uzimamo reči
za kul stvari kao što je "nindža".
03:32
We tookузела that from Japanesejapanski,
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To smo uzeli iz japanskog,
03:34
whichкоја is kindкинд of a coolхладан trickтрик because
ninjasnindže are hardтешко to stealукради from.
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što je dobar trik, jer je
od nindži teško ukrasti bilo šta.
03:37
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
03:39
So anotherдруги way that you
can make wordsречи in Englishengleski
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Drugi način za pravljenje
novih reči u engleskom
03:42
is by squishingstiskanjem two
other Englishengleski wordsречи togetherзаједно.
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je spajanje dve engleske reči u jednu.
03:45
This is calledпозвани compoundingobračunskih.
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To se zove slaganje.
Reči u engleskom su kao lego kocke:
03:47
WordsReči in Englishengleski are like LegoLego:
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03:49
If you use enoughдовољно forceсила,
you can put any two of them togetherзаједно.
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Ako primenite dovoljno sile,
možete spojiti bilo koje dve.
03:52
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
03:54
We do this all the time in Englishengleski:
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Ovo radimo stalno u engleskom:
03:56
WordsReči like "heartbrokenslomljeno srce," "bookwormmoljac,"
"sandcastleod peska" all are compoundsједињења.
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Reči kao što su "slomljeno srce",
"knjiški moljac", "pesak-kula"
su složenice.
04:02
So go aheadнапред and make wordsречи like
"duckfacedћukelu," just don't make duckfacedћukelu.
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Zato slobodno pravite reči
kao što je "patkasto lice".
04:05
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
04:07
AnotherDrugi way that you can make wordsречи
in Englishengleski is kindкинд of like compoundingobračunskih,
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Sledeći način za pravljenje reči
u engleskom je sličan slaganju,
04:11
but insteadуместо тога you use so much forceсила
when you squishda dodjemo the wordsречи togetherзаједно
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samo što primenjujete toliku silu
prilikom spajanja dve reči,
04:16
that some partsделови fallпасти off.
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da neki delovi otpadnu.
04:18
So these are blendspoj wordsречи,
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To su slivene reči.
04:20
like "brunchbranč" is a blendspoj
of "breakfastдоручак" and "lunchручак."
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"Branč" (brunch) je slivenica od
"brekfast" (breakfast) i "lanč" (lunch).
04:24
"MotelMotel" is a blendspoj of "motorмоторни" and "hotelХотел."
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"Motel" je slivenica od "motor" i "hotel".
04:26
Who here knewзнала that "motelmotel"
was a blendspoj wordреч?
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Ko je od vas znao da je "motel" slivenica?
04:29
Yeah, that wordреч is so oldстари in Englishengleski
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Da, ova reč je toliko stara
04:31
that lots of people don't know that
there are partsделови missingнедостаје.
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da mnogi ne znaju da ima delova
koji su izostavljeni.
04:34
"EdutainmentEdu-zabava" is a blendspoj
of "educationобразовање" and "entertainmentЗабава."
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"Zadukacija" je slivenica
od "zabava" i "edukacija".
04:38
And of courseкурс, "electrocutestrujom" is a
blendspoj of "electricелектрични" and "executeизврши."
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I naravno, "stržiti" je sliveno
od "struja" i "spržiti"
04:44
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
04:46
You can alsoтакође make wordsречи
by changingпромена how they operateрадити.
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Takođe možete praviti nove reči
promenom njihove funkcije.
04:49
This is calledпозвани functionalфункционалан shiftсмена.
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To se zove konverzija.
04:50
You take a wordреч that actsделује
as one partдео of speechговор,
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Uzmete reč koja funkcioniše
kao jedna vrsta reči
04:53
and you changeпромена it into anotherдруги
partдео of speechговор.
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i promenite je u drugu vrstu reči.
04:55
Okay, who here knewзнала that "friendпријатељ"
hasn'tније always been a verbглагол?
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Ko je od vas znao da "friend"
(sprijateljiti se) nije uvek bio glagol?
05:00
"FriendPrijatelj" used to be nounimenica
and then we verbedverbed it.
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"Friend" je bila imenica
i onda smo je verbalizovali.
05:05
AlmostSkoro any wordреч in Englishengleski can be verbedverbed.
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Skoro svaka reč u engleskom
može biti verbalizovana.
05:08
You can alsoтакође take adjectivesprideva
and make them into nounsimenice.
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Isto tako možete i prideve
pretvoriti u imenice.
05:10
"CommercialKomercijalni" used to be an adjectivepridev
and now it's a nounimenica.
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"Commercial" je bio pridev,
a sada je imenica.
05:14
And of courseкурс, you can "greenзелен" things.
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I naravno, možete "zeleneti" nešto.
05:17
AnotherDrugi way to make wordsречи
in Englishengleski is back-formationback-formation.
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Sledeći način za pravljenje novih reči
u engleskom je tvorba unazad.
05:20
You can take a wordреч and you can
kindкинд of squishda dodjemo it down a little bitмало.
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Možete da uzmete reč i malo je skratite.
05:23
So for exampleпример, in Englishengleski we had the wordреч
"editorуредник" before we had the wordреч "editУредити."
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Na primer, u engleskom smo imali
reč "editor" pre nego reč "edit".
05:28
"EditUredi" was formedформирана from "editorуредник."
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"Edit" je napravljeno od "editor".
05:30
SometimesPonekad these back-formationsback-formations
soundзвук a little sillyглупо:
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Ponekad ova tvorba unazad
zvuči pomalo smešno:
05:33
BulldozersBuldožere bulldozeprekopa, butlersBatleri butleusluћuj
and burglersburglers burgleopljaиka.
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Buldožeri buldožiraju, batleri batluju,
a provalnici provaljuju.
05:37
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
05:39
AnotherDrugi way to make wordsречи in Englishengleski
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Sledeći način za pravljenje
reči u engleskom
05:41
is to take the first lettersслова of something
and squishda dodjemo them togetherзаједно.
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je da uzmete početna slova
nečega i spojite ih.
05:44
So NationalNacionalni AeronauticsAeronautika and SpaceProstor
AdministrationAdministracija becomesпостаје NASANASA-E.
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Tako "National Aeronautics and Space
Administration" postaje NASA.
05:47
And of courseкурс you can do this
with anything, OMGOMG!
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Ovo možete da uradite
sa bilo čim, OMG!
05:50
So it doesn't matterматерија how sillyглупо
the wordsречи are.
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Nema veze koliko su blesave reči.
05:56
They can be really good wordsречи of Englishengleski.
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One mogu biti dobre engleske reči.
05:58
"AbsquatulateAbsquatulate" is a perfectlyсавршено
good wordреч of Englishengleski.
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"Absquatulate" je savršeno dobra
engleska reč.
06:02
"MugwumpMagvampa" is a perfectlyсавршено
good wordреч of Englishengleski.
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"Mugwump" je savršeno dobra engleska reč.
06:05
So the wordsречи don't have have to soundзвук
normalнормално, they can soundзвук really sillyглупо.
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Reči ne moraju da zvuče normalno,
mogu zvučati blesavo.
06:10
Why should you make wordsречи?
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Zašto bi trebalo da pravite reči?
06:12
You should make wordsречи because everyсваки wordреч
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Zato što je svaka reč
06:14
is a chanceшанса to expressизразити your ideaидеја and get
your meaningзначење acrossпреко.
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mogućnost da izrazite vašu ideju
i prenesete smisao,
06:18
And newново wordsречи grabграб people'sљуди attentionпажњу.
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i nove reči privlače pažnju ljudi.
06:21
They get people to focusфокусирати on what
you're sayingговорећи
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Teraju ljude da se fokusiraju
na ono što govorite
06:24
and that givesдаје you a better chanceшанса to get
your meaningзначење acrossпреко.
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i daju vam bolje šanse
da prenesete smisao.
06:27
A lot of people
on this stageфаза todayданас have said,
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Mnogo ljudi na ovoj bini danas je reklo:
06:30
"In the futureбудућност, you can do this,
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"U budućnosti možete da uradite to i to,
06:31
you can help with this, you can
help us exploreистражити, you can help us inventизумети."
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možete da pomognete
u istraživanju i pronalaženju."
06:35
You can make a newново wordреч right now.
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Možete da napravite novu reč odmah.
06:37
Englishengleski has no ageстарост limitограничење.
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Engleski nema starosnu granicu.
06:39
Go aheadнапред, startпочетак makingстварање wordsречи todayданас,
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Samo napred, počnite
da pravite reči danas,
06:41
sendпошаљи them to me, and I will put them
in my onlineонлине dictionaryречник, WordnikWordnik.
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pošaljite mi ih, i ja ću ih staviti
u svoj rečnik na internetu, Wordnik.
06:45
Thank you so much.
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Hvala vam mnogo.
06:46
(ApplauseAplauz)
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(Aplauz)
Translated by Milos Milosavljevic
Reviewed by Mile Živković

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Erin McKean - Dictionary editor
As the co-founder of Reverb Technologies, the maker of the online dictionary Wordnik, Erin McKean is reshaping how we interact with language itself.

Why you should listen

Erin McKean's job as a lexicographer involves living in a constant state of research. She searches high and low -- from books to blogs, newspapers to cocktail parties -- for new words, new meanings for old words, or signs that old words have fallen out of use. In June of this year, she involved us all in the search by launching Wordnik, an online dictionary that houses all the traditionally accepted words and definitions, but also asks users to contribute new words and new uses for old words. Wordnik pulls real-time examples of word usage from Twitter, image representations from Flickr along with many more non-traditional, and highly useful, features. 

Before Wordnik, McKean was one of the youngest editors of the New Oxford American Dictionary. She continues to serve as the editor of the language quarterly  Verbatim ("language and linguistics for the layperson since 1974") and is the author of multiple books, including That's Amore and the entire Weird and Wonderful Words series. All that, and she maintains multiple blogs, too: McKean is the keen observationalist behind A Dress a Day and Dictionary Evangelist. Is there anything she can't do? Surprisingly, she is notoriously bad at Scrabble.  

 

 

More profile about the speaker
Erin McKean | Speaker | TED.com