ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stanley McChrystal - Military leader
General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S. and International forces in Afghanistan. A four-star general, he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fuses intelligence and operations.

Why you should listen

With a remarkable record of achievement, General Stanley McChrystal has been praised for creating a revolution in warfare that fused intelligence and operations. A four-star general, he is the former commander of U.S. and international forces in Afghanistan and the former leader of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), which oversees the military’s most sensitive forces. McChrystal’s leadership of JSOC is credited with the December 2003 capture of Saddam Hussein and the June 2006 location and killing of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq. McChrystal, a former Green Beret, is known for his candor.

After McChrystal graduated from West Point, he was commissioned as an infantry officer, and spent much of his career commanding special operations and airborne infantry units. During the Persian Gulf War, McChrystal served in a Joint Special Operations Task Force and later commanded the 75th Ranger Regiment. He completed year-long fellowships at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1997 and in 2000 at the Council on Foreign Relations. In 2002, he was appointed chief of staff of military operations in Afghanistan. Two years later, McChrystal was selected to deliver nationally televised Pentagon briefings about military operations in Iraq. From 2003 to 2008, McChrystal commanded JSOC and was responsible for leading the nation’s deployed military counter-terrorism efforts around the globe. He assumed command of all International Forces in Afghanistan in June 2009. President Obama’s order for an additional 30,000 troops to Afghanistan was based on McChrystal’s assessment of the war there. McChrystal retired from the military in August 2010.

More profile about the speaker
Stanley McChrystal | Speaker | TED.com
TED2011

Stanley McChrystal: Listen, learn ... then lead

Stanly McChrystal: 聆听,学习...才能领导

Filmed:
3,015,268 views

五星级上将Stanley McChrystal 分享他在军队服务数十年后关于领导能力方面的经验。你如何在不同年龄以及不同技术背景的人中建立以分享为目的的意识? 如何通过聆听和学习,来解决可能存在的失败。
- Military leader
General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S. and International forces in Afghanistan. A four-star general, he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fuses intelligence and operations. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Ten years年份 ago, on a Tuesday星期二 morning早上,
0
0
3000
十年前,周二的早上
00:18
I conducted进行 a parachute降落伞 jump at Fort Bragg布拉格, North Carolina卡罗来纳州.
1
3000
3000
我在北卡罗纳州的Fort Bragg讲述跳伞
00:21
It was a routine常规 training训练 jump, like many许多 more I'd doneDONE
2
6000
3000
这是一次例行的跳伞练习 像我以往做过的很多的培训一样
00:24
since以来 I became成为 a paratrooper伞兵
3
9000
2000
自从我成为专业的跳伞者后
00:26
27 years年份 before.
4
11000
2000
27年之前
00:28
We went down to the airfield机场 early
5
13000
2000
我们很早就来到飞机场
00:30
because this is the Army军队 and you always go early.
6
15000
3000
因为在军队 你需要很早出行
00:33
You do some routine常规 refresher复习 training训练,
7
18000
3000
你做了一些例行的恢复训练
00:36
and then you go to put on your parachute降落伞 and a buddy伙伴 helps帮助 you.
8
21000
3000
接着你背上你的跳伞包 ,一个伙伴会帮你
00:39
And you put on the T-T-10 parachute降落伞.
9
24000
2000
你背上T10的跳伞包
00:41
And you're very careful小心 how you put the straps,
10
26000
2000
你要很小心绑上安全皮带
00:43
particularly尤其 the leg straps because they go between之间 your legs.
11
28000
2000
尤其是腿的皮带 因为你需要绑在你两腿之间
00:45
And then you put on your reserve保留, and then you put on your heavy rucksack背包.
12
30000
3000
接着穿上你的后备装置,接着背上你很重的帆布包
00:48
And then a jumpmaster跳伞 comes,
13
33000
2000
接着跳伞专家也来了
00:50
and he's an experienced有经验的 NCO军士 in parachute降落伞 operations操作.
14
35000
3000
他是在跳伞操作方面很有经验的NCO
00:53
He checks检查 you out, he grabs争夺 your adjusting调整 straps
15
38000
3000
他来跟你做检查,他拿着你调整安全皮带
00:56
and he tightens收紧 everything
16
41000
2000
接着他绑紧所有东西
00:58
so that your chest胸部 is crushed,
17
43000
2000
所以你的胸部有些挤压感
01:00
your shoulders肩膀 are crushed down,
18
45000
2000
你肩膀也被压住
01:02
and, of course课程, he's tightened收紧 so your voice语音 goes up a couple一对 octaves八度 as well.
19
47000
3000
当然,因为他绑得很紧 所以你的声音会提高几个八度
01:07
Then you sit down, and you wait a little while,
20
52000
2000
接着你坐下来,等一段时间
01:09
because this is the Army军队.
21
54000
2000
因为这是军队里
01:11
Then you load加载 the aircraft飞机, and then you stand up and you get on,
22
56000
3000
接着要把你装到飞机里, 你站起来上飞机
01:14
and you kind of lumber木料 to the aircraft飞机 like this, in a line线 of people,
23
59000
3000
你在飞机中好像木头一样,人们排成了一列
01:17
and you sit down on canvas帆布 seats on either side of the aircraft飞机.
24
62000
2000
你坐在分列在飞机两旁的帆布座位上
01:19
And you wait a little bit longer,
25
64000
2000
你要等候较长一段时间
01:21
because this is the Air空气 Force teaching教学 the Army军队 how to wait.
26
66000
3000
因为空军会告诉军队如何去等待
01:26
Then you take off.
27
71000
2000
接着你就起飞了
01:28
And it's painful痛苦 enough足够 now --
28
73000
2000
这已经足够痛苦了
01:30
and I think it's designed设计 this way --
29
75000
2000
我想就是这样设计的
01:32
it's painful痛苦 enough足够 so you want to jump.
30
77000
2000
这非常痛苦 你很想跳下去
01:34
You didn't really want to jump, but you want out.
31
79000
2000
你不是真的想跳下去 你只是想离开
01:36
So you get in the aircraft飞机, you're flying飞行 along沿,
32
81000
3000
所以当你进入到飞机 你需要一直飞行
01:39
and at 20 minutes分钟 out, these jumpmastersjumpmasters start开始 giving you commands命令.
33
84000
2000
接着20分钟过后 这些跳伞专家就会给你命令
01:41
They give 20 minutes分钟 -- that's a time warning警告.
34
86000
2000
他们给你20分钟——这是时间的提醒
01:43
You sit there, OK.
35
88000
2000
你做在那里, 好的
01:45
Then they give you 10 minutes分钟.
36
90000
2000
接着他们给你10分钟的提醒
01:47
And of course课程, you're responding响应 with all of these.
37
92000
2000
当然, 你要对这些做出回答
01:49
And that's to boost促进 everybody's每个人的 confidence置信度, to show显示 that you're not scared害怕.
38
94000
3000
这是为了建立每一个人的信心,告诉你不要害怕
01:52
Then they give you, "Get ready准备."
39
97000
2000
他们给你提示,“准备好了。”
01:54
Then they go, "Outboard舷外 personnel人员, stand up."
40
99000
3000
接着他们说,“外舱的人员,请站起来。”
01:57
If you're an outboard舷外 personnel人员, now you stand up.
41
102000
3000
如果你是外舱的人员,你就要站起来。
02:00
If you're an inboard内侧 personnel人员, stand up.
42
105000
2000
如果你是内舱的人员,站起来。
02:02
And then you hook up, and you hook up your static静态的 line线.
43
107000
3000
你要用钩挂住,你钩在固定的拉线上。
02:05
And at that point, you think, "Hey, guess猜测 what?
44
110000
2000
在那一刻,你想:“接下来会发生什么事情了?”
02:07
I'm probably大概 going to jump.
45
112000
2000
我很可能准备跳下去。
02:09
There's no way to get out of this at this point."
46
114000
2000
但在这一刻你绝对不能这样就跳出去。“
02:11
You go through通过 some additional额外 checks检查, and then they open打开 the door.
47
116000
3000
你需要做额外的一些检查,接着他们打开舱门。
02:14
And this was that Tuesday星期二 morning早上 in September九月,
48
119000
3000
这就是九月里那个周二的早上
02:17
and it was pretty漂亮 nice不错 outside.
49
122000
2000
外面都非常好
02:19
So nice不错 air空气 comes flowing流动 in.
50
124000
3000
新鲜的空气吹进来
02:22
The jumpmastersjumpmasters start开始 to check the door.
51
127000
2000
跳伞专家开始检查舱门
02:24
And then when it's time to go,
52
129000
2000
到了起跳的时候
02:26
a green绿色 light goes and the jumpmaster跳伞 goes, "Go."
53
131000
2000
会出现一道绿光 接着跳伞专家会喊,”开始。“
02:28
The first guy goes, and you're just in line线,
54
133000
2000
第一个人跳下去了,你只需排着队。
02:30
and you just kind of lumber木料 to the door.
55
135000
2000
你就像木头一样靠在门边
02:32
Jump is a misnomer用词不当; you fall秋季.
56
137000
2000
跳是一个不恰当的名字,确实来说你是掉下去
02:34
You fall秋季 outside the door,
57
139000
2000
你从舱门掉下去
02:36
you're caught抓住 in the slipstream滑流.
58
141000
2000
你被气流接住
02:38
The first thing you do is lock into a tight body身体 position位置 --
59
143000
3000
你第一个件事是锁定一个固定的身体姿势
02:41
head down in your chest胸部, your arms武器 extended扩展,
60
146000
2000
你的胸部朝下,你的手臂展开
02:43
put over your reserve保留 parachute降落伞.
61
148000
3000
放在你预先准备的伞包
02:46
You do that because, 27 years年份 before,
62
151000
3000
你做这样的事,是因为在27年前
02:49
an airborne空降 sergeant军士 had taught me to do that.
63
154000
3000
一个空军警官让我这样做
02:52
I have no idea理念 whether是否 it makes品牌 any difference区别,
64
157000
2000
我并不知道这样是否会产生什么不同
02:54
but he seemed似乎 to make sense,
65
159000
2000
但他却使得这个很有道理
02:56
and I wasn't going to test测试 the hypothesis假设 that he'd他会 be wrong错误.
66
161000
3000
我并不想做实验去证明他的假设是错的
03:00
And then you wait for the opening开盘 shock休克
67
165000
2000
接着你等待着开伞那一刻
03:02
for your parachute降落伞 to open打开.
68
167000
2000
那强劲的冲击
03:04
If you don't get an opening开盘 shock休克, you don't get a parachute降落伞 --
69
169000
2000
如果你没有碰到这个冲击力,你可能没有带降落伞
03:06
you've got a whole整个 new problem问题 set.
70
171000
3000
或者你遇上了一连串新的问题
03:09
But typically一般 you do; typically一般 it opens打开.
71
174000
3000
但通常伞都会正常打开
03:12
And of course课程, if your leg straps aren't set right,
72
177000
3000
当然,如果你的腿的皮带扣得不对
03:15
at that point you get another另一个 little thrill颤抖.
73
180000
2000
此时你又会又是一阵紧张
03:17
Boom繁荣.
74
182000
2000
很大一声
03:19
So then you look around,
75
184000
2000
接着你四处去看
03:21
you're under a canopy华盖 and you say, "This is good."
76
186000
2000
你所属的长官会说:“这不错。”
03:23
Now you prepare准备 for the inevitable必然.
77
188000
2000
现在 你要为不可避免的事情做准备
03:25
You are going to hit击中 the ground地面.
78
190000
2000
你现在准备撞到地上
03:27
You can't delay延迟 that much.
79
192000
2000
你不能耽误太多
03:29
And you really can't decide决定 where you hit击中 very much,
80
194000
2000
实际上你不能决定哪里你撞得最厉害
03:31
because they pretend假装 you can steer驾驶,
81
196000
2000
因为他们假想你可以驾控
03:33
but you're being存在 delivered交付.
82
198000
3000
但事实上你是被送到地上的
03:36
So you look around, where you're going to land土地,
83
201000
2000
你四处去看,哪里是你着陆的地方
03:38
you try to make yourself你自己 ready准备.
84
203000
2000
你希望你自己能做好准备
03:40
And then as you get close, you lower降低 your rucksack背包 below下面 you on a lowering降低 line线,
85
205000
3000
但当你越接近的时候,在下降的过程中你把你的背包置于你之下
03:43
so that it's not on you when you land土地,
86
208000
2000
所以当你着陆时 它并不在身上
03:45
and you prepare准备 to do a parachute-landing降落伞着陆 fall秋季.
87
210000
2000
你需要准备打开降落伞然后降落
03:47
Now the Army军队 teaches you
88
212000
2000
接着部队会教你
03:49
to do five points of performance性能 --
89
214000
2000
五个部位的动作
03:51
the toes脚趾 of your feet,
90
216000
2000
你的脚趾头
03:53
your calves小牛, your thighs大腿,
91
218000
2000
你的小腿,你的大腿
03:55
your buttocks臀部 and your push-up俯卧撑 muscles肌肉.
92
220000
3000
你的屁股和你的支撑肌肉
03:58
It's this elegant优雅 little land土地, twist and roll.
93
223000
3000
这是一个优雅轻微的着陆,连翻代转
04:01
And that's not going to hurt伤害.
94
226000
2000
者将不会造成伤害
04:03
In 30-some-一些 years年份 of jumping跳跃, I never did one.
95
228000
3000
但在30年的跳伞经历中,我并没有成功作过
04:06
(Laughter笑声)
96
231000
2000
(笑声)
04:08
I always landed登陆 like a watermelon西瓜 out of a third第三 floor地板 window窗口.
97
233000
3000
我总是像在3楼扔下的西瓜一样降落
04:11
(Laughter笑声)
98
236000
2000
(笑声)
04:13
And as soon不久 as I hit击中,
99
238000
2000
只要我着地
04:15
the first thing I did is I'd see if I'd broken破碎 anything that I needed需要.
100
240000
3000
第一件事我会做的是看看我是否打烂了我的必需品
04:19
I'd shake my head,
101
244000
2000
我会晃脑袋
04:21
and I'd ask myself the eternal永恒 question:
102
246000
3000
问自己一个恒久的问题:
04:24
"Why didn't I go into banking银行业?"
103
249000
2000
“为什么我没有进入到银行业?”
04:26
(Laughter笑声)
104
251000
2000
(笑声)
04:28
And I'd look around,
105
253000
2000
我爱四处去看
04:30
and then I'd see another另一个 paratrooper伞兵,
106
255000
2000
我喜欢看其他跳伞人员
04:32
a young年轻 guy or girl女孩,
107
257000
2000
年轻男女
04:34
and they'd他们会 have pulled out their M4 carbine马枪
108
259000
2000
他们需要拿出他们M-4的卡宾枪
04:36
and they'd他们会 be picking选择 up their equipment设备.
109
261000
2000
接着他们需要拿走他们的设备
04:38
They'd他们会 be doing everything
110
263000
2000
他们需要做所有的事情
04:40
that we had taught them.
111
265000
2000
我们教授他们的
04:42
And I realized实现
112
267000
2000
我意识到
04:44
that, if they had to go into combat战斗,
113
269000
3000
如果他们需要战斗
04:47
they would do what we had taught them and they would follow跟随 leaders领导者.
114
272000
3000
他们会作我们所有教他们的 他们会服从领导的安排
04:50
And I realized实现 that, if they came来了 out of combat战斗,
115
275000
3000
我发现到,如果他们结束战争之后,
04:53
it would be because we led them well.
116
278000
2000
会是怎样,因为我们领导得很好
04:55
And I was hooked迷上 again on the importance重要性 of what I did.
117
280000
3000
我再次被我做的事情的重要性迷住了
04:59
So now I do that Tuesday星期二 morning早上 jump,
118
284000
2000
所以在周二早上我跳的那一次
05:01
but it's not any jump --
119
286000
2000
但这不是任何一次跳伞——
05:03
that was September九月 11th, 2001.
120
288000
4000
是在2001年九月11日
05:07
And when we took off from the airfield机场, America美国 was at peace和平.
121
292000
3000
当我们从机场起飞,美国当时还一片平静
05:10
When we landed登陆 on the drop-zone拖放区, everything had changed.
122
295000
3000
当我在预定着陆区域着陆,所有东西都改变了
05:14
And what we thought
123
299000
2000
我们所想到的是
05:16
about the possibility可能性 of those young年轻 soldiers士兵 going into combat战斗
124
301000
2000
很多年轻士兵进入到战争的可能性
05:18
as being存在 theoretical理论
125
303000
2000
从理论上说
05:20
was now very, very real真实 --
126
305000
2000
这是非常非常真实的
05:22
and leadership领导 seemed似乎 important重要.
127
307000
2000
领导力显得很重要
05:24
But things had changed;
128
309000
2000
但是很多东西改变了
05:26
I was a 46-year-old-岁 brigadier准将 general一般.
129
311000
2000
我是46岁准将
05:28
I'd been successful成功,
130
313000
2000
我曾经取得成功
05:30
but things changed so much
131
315000
3000
但很多事情已经改变
05:33
that I was going to have to make some significant重大 changes变化,
132
318000
2000
我需要做出一些显著的改变
05:35
and on that morning早上, I didn't know it.
133
320000
3000
在那一个早上,我并不知道
05:38
I was raised上调 with traditional传统 stories故事 of leadership领导:
134
323000
3000
我在很多传统的关于领导力的故事所熏陶下成长
05:41
Robert罗伯特 E. Lee背风处, John约翰 Buford布福德 at Gettysburg葛底斯堡.
135
326000
3000
Robert E.Lee, John Buford在葛斯底堡
05:44
And I also was raised上调
136
329000
2000
我同样受到了
05:46
with personal个人 examples例子 of leadership领导.
137
331000
3000
一些关于个人领导力的例子的熏陶
05:49
This was my father父亲 in Vietnam越南.
138
334000
3000
这是我的父亲在越南
05:52
And I was raised上调 to believe
139
337000
2000
我从小的培养就相信
05:54
that soldiers士兵 were strong强大 and wise明智的
140
339000
2000
士兵是强壮和智慧的
05:56
and brave勇敢 and faithful可信;
141
341000
2000
是勇敢和忠诚的
05:58
they didn't lie谎言, cheat作弊, steal
142
343000
2000
他们不会说谎,欺骗和偷盗
06:00
or abandon放弃 their comrades同志.
143
345000
2000
或者被战友所遗弃
06:02
And I still believe real真实 leaders领导者 are like that.
144
347000
3000
而我一直相信领导者就是这样的
06:09
But in my first 25 years年份 of career事业,
145
354000
2000
但在我职业生涯头25个年头中
06:11
I had a bunch of different不同 experiences经验.
146
356000
3000
我获得了很多不同的经历
06:14
One of my first battalion commanders指挥官,
147
359000
2000
我第一个战事中的一个指挥官
06:16
I worked工作 in his battalion for 18 months个月
148
361000
2000
我在他的营部工作了18个月
06:18
and the only conversation会话 he ever had with LtLT. McChrystal麦克里斯特尔
149
363000
4000
他唯一和McChrystal中将的谈话
06:22
was at mile英里 18 of a 25-mile-英里 road march游行,
150
367000
3000
是在25英里的行军中走到18英里的时候
06:25
and he chewed咀嚼 my ass屁股 for about 40 seconds.
151
370000
2000
他严厉斥责我大约40秒
06:27
And I'm not sure that was real真实 interaction相互作用.
152
372000
3000
我不肯定这是否一个真正意义上的互动
06:30
But then a couple一对 of years年份 later后来, when I was a company公司 commander指挥官,
153
375000
3000
但几年过去以后,当我是一个连队的指挥官时
06:33
I went out to the National国民 Training训练 Center中央.
154
378000
2000
我去了全国训练中心
06:35
And we did an operation手术,
155
380000
2000
我们布置了一个行动
06:37
and my company公司 did a dawn黎明 attack攻击 --
156
382000
2000
我的连队做了一个黎明攻击
06:39
you know, the classic经典 dawn黎明 attack攻击:
157
384000
2000
你知道,经典的黎明攻击
06:41
you prepare准备 all night, move移动 to the line线 of departure离开.
158
386000
2000
你需要整晚准备,来到了出发的地方
06:43
And I had an armored装甲 organization组织 at that point.
159
388000
2000
当时我拥有一个有装甲的团队
06:45
We move移动 forward前锋, and we get wiped out --
160
390000
2000
我们按计划行动, 我们被全歼了
06:47
I mean, wiped out immediately立即.
161
392000
2000
我是说立刻被全歼了
06:49
The enemy敌人 didn't break打破 a sweat doing it.
162
394000
3000
敌人没花摧毁之力
06:52
And after the battle战斗,
163
397000
2000
在那次行动之后,
06:54
they bring带来 this mobile移动 theater剧院 and they do what they call an "after action行动 review评论"
164
399000
3000
他们带来了移动的电影院 做了“行动后的回顾”
06:57
to teach you what you've doneDONE wrong错误.
165
402000
2000
教你那些地方做错了
06:59
Sort分类 of leadership领导 by humiliation屈辱.
166
404000
2000
所谓的屈辱教育
07:01
They put a big screen屏幕 up, and they take you through通过 everything:
167
406000
2000
他们带来一个大屏幕,让你重温一切
07:03
"and then you didn't do this, and you didn't do this, etc等等."
168
408000
3000
“...你没有做这个,你也没有做这个,等等。”
07:06
I walked out feeling感觉 as low
169
411000
2000
我走出来后感觉
07:08
as a snake's蛇的 belly肚皮 in a wagon车皮 rut发情.
170
413000
2000
自己非常愚蠢
07:10
And I saw my battalion commander指挥官, because I had let him down.
171
415000
3000
而我看到我这个营部的指挥员,因为我让他失望了
07:13
And I went up to apologize道歉 to him,
172
418000
2000
我走上去跟他道歉
07:15
and he said, "Stanley斯坦利, I thought you did great."
173
420000
3000
他说:"Stanley,我觉得你做得很好。”
07:18
And in one sentence句子,
174
423000
2000
这一句话,
07:20
he lifted取消 me, put me back on my feet,
175
425000
3000
他的支持让我重新振作
07:23
and taught me that leaders领导者 can let you fail失败
176
428000
3000
教会好领导者会让你尝试失败
07:26
and yet然而 not let you be a failure失败.
177
431000
3000
但不会让你变成败者。
07:31
When 9/11 came来了,
178
436000
2000
当911来临的时候,
07:33
46-year-old-岁 Brig布里格. Gen. McChrystal麦克里斯特尔 sees看到 a whole整个 new world世界.
179
438000
3000
46岁的Brig.Gen.McChrystal看到一个全新的世界。
07:37
First, the things that are obvious明显, that you're familiar with:
180
442000
3000
首先,这些是很明显的,你熟悉的:
07:40
the environment环境 changed --
181
445000
2000
环境改变了--
07:42
the speed速度, the scrutiny审查,
182
447000
2000
速度,审议
07:44
the sensitivity灵敏度 of everything now is so fast快速,
183
449000
2000
对所有事物的感触都很快
07:46
sometimes有时 it evolves演变 faster更快
184
451000
2000
有时变化得更加快
07:48
than people have time to really reflect反映 on it.
185
453000
2000
没有时间给人们作出反应
07:50
But everything we do
186
455000
2000
但所有我们做的事情
07:52
is in a different不同 context上下文.
187
457000
3000
都是在不同的情况下
07:55
More importantly重要的, the force that I led
188
460000
2000
更加重要的是,我领导的军队
07:57
was spread传播 over more than 20 countries国家.
189
462000
3000
已经遍布了20多个国家
08:00
And instead代替 of being存在 able能够 to get all the key leaders领导者
190
465000
2000
代替将所有的主要领导人
08:02
for a decision决定 together一起 in a single room房间
191
467000
2000
为了一个决定集中在一个房间里面
08:04
and look them in the eye and build建立 their confidence置信度
192
469000
2000
直视他们,建立他们信心,
08:06
and get trust相信 from them,
193
471000
2000
从他们那里得到信任,
08:08
I'm now leading领导 a force that's dispersed分散,
194
473000
3000
现在我领带一支分散的军队
08:11
and I've got to use other techniques技术.
195
476000
3000
我需要使用其他技术。
08:14
I've got to use video视频 teleconferences电话会议, I've got to use chat,
196
479000
3000
我需要用视频会议,我需要使用聊天工具,
08:17
I've got to use email电子邮件, I've got to use phone电话 calls电话 --
197
482000
2000
我需要用电邮,我需要用电话——
08:19
I've got to use everything I can,
198
484000
3000
我要用上所有我能用上的东西
08:22
not just for communication通讯,
199
487000
2000
但这不仅仅是为了交流沟通
08:24
but for leadership领导.
200
489000
2000
这是为了领导。
08:26
A 22-year-old-岁 individual个人
201
491000
2000
一个22岁的人
08:28
operating操作 alone单独,
202
493000
2000
一个人独立行动
08:30
thousands数千 of miles英里 from me,
203
495000
2000
他离我数千里远
08:32
has got to communicate通信 to me with confidence置信度.
204
497000
3000
需要有信心与我交流。
08:35
I have to have trust相信 in them and vice versa反之亦然.
205
500000
3000
我需要相信他们,反之亦然
08:38
And I also have to build建立 their faith信仰.
206
503000
3000
我需要建立他们的信心
08:41
And that's a new kind of leadership领导
207
506000
2000
这是新型的领导能力
08:43
for me.
208
508000
2000
对于我来说
08:45
We had one operation手术
209
510000
2000
我们需要有一个运作系统
08:47
where we had to coordinate坐标 it from multiple locations地点.
210
512000
2000
我需要把多个地方联系起来
08:49
An emerging新兴 opportunity机会 came来了 --
211
514000
2000
一个紧急机会来了——
08:51
didn't have time to get everybody每个人 together一起.
212
516000
3000
没有时间让所有人集中在一起
08:54
So we had to get complex复杂 intelligence情报 together一起,
213
519000
3000
但我们需要集中智慧
08:57
we had to line线 up the ability能力 to act法案.
214
522000
2000
我们必须合力去采取行动。
08:59
It was sensitive敏感, we had to go up the chain of command命令,
215
524000
3000
这是很敏感的,我们必须一路向上汇报
09:02
convince说服 them that this was the right thing to do
216
527000
2000
说服他们这是我们应该做的事情
09:04
and do all of this
217
529000
2000
完成这些东西
09:06
on electronic电子 medium.
218
531000
3000
在电子的媒介上
09:09
We failed失败.
219
534000
3000
我们失败了。
09:12
The mission任务 didn't work.
220
537000
2000
这个任务没有能完成。
09:14
And so now what we had to do
221
539000
2000
所以我们现在需要做的
09:16
is I had to reach达到 out
222
541000
2000
我必须达到
09:18
to try to rebuild重建 the trust相信 of that force,
223
543000
2000
能重建(我带领的)军队的信任
09:20
rebuild重建 their confidence置信度 --
224
545000
2000
重建他们的信心
09:22
me and them, and them and me,
225
547000
2000
我跟他们和他们跟我
09:24
and our seniors老年人 and us as a force --
226
549000
3000
还有我们的上级和作为整个军队的我们
09:27
all without the ability能力 to put a hand on a shoulder.
227
552000
3000
所有的事情都不能单靠个人的力量
09:30
Entirely完全 new requirement需求.
228
555000
3000
全新的要求
09:34
Also, the people had changed.
229
559000
3000
当然人们也改变了
09:37
You probably大概 think that the force that I led
230
562000
2000
你可能会想我带领的军队
09:39
was all steely-eyed钢铁般的眼睛 commandos突击队 with big knuckle指关节 fists拳头
231
564000
3000
他们都是由钢铁般的眼神和巨大指节拳头的突击队员
09:42
carrying携带 exotic异国情调 weapons武器.
232
567000
3000
他们都带着奇异的武器
09:45
In reality现实,
233
570000
2000
事实上
09:47
much of the force I led
234
572000
2000
大部分我带领的军队
09:49
looked看着 exactly究竟 like you.
235
574000
3000
看来都跟你们一样
09:52
It was men男人, women妇女, young年轻, old --
236
577000
3000
他们是男人,女人,年轻,年老的——
09:55
not just from military军事; from different不同 organizations组织,
237
580000
3000
并不是只来自于狭义上的军队,而是来自不同的组织
09:58
many许多 of them detailed详细 to us just from a handshake握手.
238
583000
3000
他们很多人的信息都是来自一次握手的相遇
10:01
And so instead代替 of giving orders命令,
239
586000
2000
不同于以往给出命令,
10:03
you're now building建造 consensus共识
240
588000
2000
你现在需要建立一致性
10:05
and you're building建造 a sense of shared共享 purpose目的.
241
590000
3000
你要建立一种以分享为目的的意识
10:09
Probably大概 the biggest最大 change更改
242
594000
2000
或者说最大的改变
10:11
was understanding理解 that the generational difference区别,
243
596000
3000
那是对于不同年代不同观念的理解
10:14
the ages年龄, had changed so much.
244
599000
3000
时代改变了太多
10:17
I went down to be with a Ranger游侠 platoon
245
602000
3000
我下去跟突击部队的一个排
10:20
on an operation手术 in Afghanistan阿富汗,
246
605000
2000
参与了在阿富汗的一个行动
10:22
and on that operation手术,
247
607000
2000
在那一次行动中
10:24
a sergeant军士 in the platoon
248
609000
2000
在这个排中一个警官
10:26
had lost丢失 about half his arm
249
611000
2000
损失了半个手臂
10:28
throwing投掷 a Taliban塔利班 hand grenade手榴弹
250
613000
2000
他把塔利班扔到攻击部队里的
10:30
back at the enemy敌人
251
615000
2000
一个手榴弹
10:32
after it had landed登陆 in his fire team球队.
252
617000
3000
扔回了敌人阵营
10:36
We talked about the operation手术,
253
621000
2000
我们讲述了这次行动
10:38
and then at the end结束 I did what I often经常 do with a force like that.
254
623000
3000
在最后我做了以往我跟军队做的事,就好像这样,
10:41
I asked, "Where were you on 9/11?"
255
626000
3000
我说,“在911的时候你们在哪里?”
10:45
And one young年轻 Ranger游侠 in the back --
256
630000
2000
一个年轻的军士在后面
10:47
his hair's头发的 tousled and his face面对 is red and windblown风吹
257
632000
2000
他的头发打卷脸色通红
10:49
from being存在 in combat战斗 in the cold Afghan阿富汗 wind --
258
634000
4000
那都是在阿富汗战斗中让寒风吹的
10:53
he said, "Sir先生, I was in the sixth第六 grade年级."
259
638000
3000
他说"长官,我在读六年级."
10:57
And it reminded提醒 me
260
642000
3000
这提醒我
11:00
that we're operating操作 a force
261
645000
2000
我们需要这样运行一支军队
11:02
that must必须 have shared共享 purpose目的
262
647000
2000
他们必须分享目的
11:04
and shared共享 consciousness意识,
263
649000
2000
分享意识
11:06
and yet然而 he has different不同 experiences经验,
264
651000
2000
然而他有不同的经验
11:08
in many许多 cases a different不同 vocabulary词汇,
265
653000
3000
在很多例子中 这是不同的词汇
11:11
a completely全然 different不同 skill技能 set
266
656000
2000
完全不同的一套技能
11:13
in terms条款 of digital数字 media媒体
267
658000
3000
用数码的媒体
11:16
than I do and many许多 of the other senior前辈 leaders领导者.
268
661000
3000
取代了我和其他高级领导者的做法
11:20
And yet然而, we need to have that shared共享 sense.
269
665000
3000
我们现在需要一个有共享的意识
11:25
It also produced生成 something
270
670000
2000
它能制造一些东西
11:27
which哪一个 I call an inversion逆温 of expertise专门知识,
271
672000
2000
我叫做倒置的专业技术
11:29
because we had so many许多 changes变化 at the lower降低 levels水平
272
674000
3000
因为我们在较低层次作了很多的改变
11:32
in technology技术 and tactics策略 and whatnot诸如此类,
273
677000
2000
在技术、战术诸如此类的东西
11:34
that suddenly突然 the things that we grew成长 up doing
274
679000
3000
突然之间我们在成长过程 中学会要做的事情
11:37
wasn't what the force was doing anymore.
275
682000
3000
现在部队已经不再做了
11:40
So how does a leader领导
276
685000
2000
作为一个领导者
11:42
stay credible可信的 and legitimate合法
277
687000
2000
如何能保持合理性和信服力
11:44
when they haven't没有 doneDONE
278
689000
2000
当他们在领导他人
11:46
what the people you're leading领导 are doing?
279
691000
3000
做那些他们自己也没有做过的事情的时候
11:49
And it's a brand new leadership领导 challenge挑战.
280
694000
2000
这是领导层遇到的崭新挑战
11:51
And it forced被迫 me to become成为 a lot more transparent透明,
281
696000
3000
它迫使我将很多事情变得透明
11:54
a lot more willing愿意 to listen,
282
699000
2000
要更乐意去聆听
11:56
a lot more willing愿意 to be reverse-mentored反向辅导 from lower降低.
283
701000
4000
更乐意收到下层的反过来的指导
12:01
And yet然而, again, you're not all in one room房间.
284
706000
3000
而且,你们并不在一个屋子里
12:05
Then another另一个 thing.
285
710000
2000
这是另外一面
12:07
There's an effect影响 on you and on your leaders领导者.
286
712000
2000
会影响你和你们这些领导者
12:09
There's an impact碰撞, it's cumulative累积的.
287
714000
3000
这是有影响的,而且是累积的
12:12
You don't reset重启, or recharge充值 your battery电池 every一切 time.
288
717000
4000
你不能重置,或者重新充电,你需要每时每刻充电
12:16
I stood站在 in front面前 of a screen屏幕 one night in Iraq伊拉克
289
721000
2000
有一天晚上,我在伊朗站在一块屏幕前
12:18
with one of my senior前辈 officers长官
290
723000
2000
和一个比我高级的官员
12:20
and we watched看着 a firefight交火 from one of our forces军队.
291
725000
2000
我们看到我们一支武装力量进行火力搏斗
12:22
And I remembered记得 his son儿子 was in our force.
292
727000
3000
我记得他的儿子在我们的部队中
12:25
And I said, "John约翰, where's哪里 your son儿子? And how is he?"
293
730000
3000
我说:“John,你的儿子在哪里?现在怎么样?”
12:28
And he said, "Sir先生, he's fine. Thanks谢谢 for asking."
294
733000
2000
他说,“他很好,多谢问候。”
12:30
I said, "Where is he now?"
295
735000
2000
我说,“他在哪里?”
12:32
And he pointed at the screen屏幕, he said, "He's in that firefight交火."
296
737000
3000
他指着屏幕,说,“他就在这场火力搏斗中。”
12:35
Think about watching观看 your brother哥哥, father父亲,
297
740000
3000
试想看着你的兄弟,父亲,
12:38
daughter女儿, son儿子, wife妻子
298
743000
3000
女儿,儿子,妻子
12:41
in a firefight交火 in real真实 time
299
746000
2000
正在这场火力搏斗中
12:43
and you can't do anything about it.
300
748000
2000
你却不能帮他做任何事情
12:45
Think about knowing会心 that over time.
301
750000
2000
想象一下随着时间的推移
12:47
And it's a new cumulative累积的 pressure压力 on leaders领导者.
302
752000
2000
这种累积的压力沉沉压在领导者的身上
12:49
And you have to watch and take care关心 of each other.
303
754000
3000
但你必须照看和互相照顾。
12:54
I probably大概 learned学到了 the most about relationships关系.
304
759000
3000
在怎样处理人的关系上我学到了很多
12:58
I learned学到了 they are the sinew腱子
305
763000
3000
我学习到他们是支柱
13:01
which哪一个 hold保持 the force together一起.
306
766000
2000
他们让部队连在一起
13:03
I grew成长 up much of my career事业 in the Ranger游侠 regiment.
307
768000
3000
我的大部门职业生涯是在突击团队中成长的
13:06
And every一切 morning早上 in the Ranger游侠 regiment,
308
771000
2000
每一个早上 在这个团队中
13:08
every一切 Ranger游侠 -- and there are more than 2,000 of them --
309
773000
2000
每一个军士, 两千个多个人
13:10
says a six-stanza六节 Ranger游侠 creed信条.
310
775000
3000
诵读六段部队的信条
13:13
You may可能 know one line线 of it, it says,
311
778000
2000
你可能知道其中的一条,它是这样说的,
13:15
"I'll never leave离开 a fallen堕落 comrade同志 to fall秋季 into the hands of the enemy敌人."
312
780000
3000
“我绝对不会留下任何一个落后的队友在敌人的手中。”
13:18
And it's not a mindless没头脑 mantra口头禅,
313
783000
2000
这不是一个愚蠢的咒语
13:20
and it's not a poem.
314
785000
2000
也不是一首诗
13:22
It's a promise诺言.
315
787000
2000
这是一个承诺
13:24
Every一切 Ranger游侠 promises许诺 every一切 other Ranger游侠,
316
789000
2000
每一个军士都会向其他每一个军士作出承诺
13:26
"No matter what happens发生, no matter what it costs成本 me,
317
791000
3000
无论什么事情发生,无论对于自己付出什么代价
13:29
if you need me, I'm coming未来."
318
794000
3000
如果你需要我,我就会来。
13:32
And every一切 Ranger游侠 gets得到 that same相同 promise诺言
319
797000
2000
每一个军士都获得这样的承诺
13:34
from every一切 other Ranger游侠.
320
799000
2000
从其他军士身上
13:36
Think about it. It's extraordinarily异常 powerful强大.
321
801000
2000
想象一下。这是绝对的有力量
13:38
It's probably大概 more powerful强大 than marriage婚姻 vows誓言.
322
803000
3000
这甚至比结婚的誓言更加有力量
13:43
And they've他们已经 lived生活 up to it, which哪一个 gives it special特别 power功率.
323
808000
3000
他们为此而生存,并且给出了特别的力量
13:46
And so the organizational组织 relationship关系 that bonds债券 them
324
811000
4000
所以有组织的关系把他们联系起来
13:50
is just amazing惊人.
325
815000
2000
这是太棒了
13:52
And I learned学到了 personal个人 relationships关系
326
817000
2000
我学习人际间的关系
13:54
were more important重要 than ever.
327
819000
2000
现在比以往都重要
13:56
We were in a difficult operation手术 in Afghanistan阿富汗 in 2007,
328
821000
3000
2007年我们在阿富汗的行动非常艰难
13:59
and an old friend朋友 of mine,
329
824000
2000
我的一个老朋友
14:01
that I had spent花费 many许多 years年份
330
826000
2000
我们交往了多年
14:03
at various各个 points of my career事业 with --
331
828000
2000
在我职业生涯多个重要的点上
14:05
godfather教父 to one of their kids孩子 --
332
830000
3000
我还是他一个孩子的教父
14:08
he sent发送 me a note注意, just in an envelope信封,
333
833000
3000
他给我寄了张纸条,就放在一个信封里
14:11
that had a quote引用 from Sherman谢尔曼 to Grant格兰特
334
836000
2000
是Sherman和Grant书信里的摘录
14:13
that said, "I knew知道 if I ever got in a tight spot,
335
838000
3000
说,“我知道如果我困住了,
14:16
that you would come, if alive."
336
841000
3000
你是会来的,如果你还活着。”
14:20
And having that kind of relationship关系, for me,
337
845000
2000
能有这样的关系 对于我而言
14:22
turned转身 out to be critical危急 at many许多 points in my career事业.
338
847000
3000
在职业生涯的很多时候都至关重要
14:25
And I learned学到了 that you have to give that
339
850000
2000
我学习到你必须付出
14:27
in this environment环境,
340
852000
2000
在这样的环境里,
14:29
because it's tough强硬.
341
854000
3000
因为这很艰难
14:32
That was my journey旅程.
342
857000
2000
那是我的旅程
14:34
I hope希望 it's not over.
343
859000
2000
我希望它还没有结束
14:36
I came来了 to believe
344
861000
2000
我开始相信
14:38
that a leader领导 isn't good because they're right;
345
863000
2000
一个领导并不是因为他正确了就是好的
14:40
they're good because they're willing愿意 to learn学习 and to trust相信.
346
865000
3000
他们是好的,因为他们愿意学习和去信任别人
14:45
This isn't easy简单 stuff东东.
347
870000
3000
这不是简单的事情
14:48
It's not like that electronic电子 absABS machine
348
873000
2000
这不是一个电子瘦肚机
14:50
where, 15 minutes分钟 a month, you get washboard搓板 absABS.
349
875000
2000
那里,一个月15分钟,帮你把肚子搓一下
14:52
(Laughter笑声)
350
877000
2000
(笑声)
14:54
And it isn't always fair公平.
351
879000
3000
这总不是那么的公平
14:57
You can get knocked被撞 down,
352
882000
3000
你可能被击败
15:00
and it hurts伤害
353
885000
2000
它会痛
15:02
and it leaves树叶 scars伤疤.
354
887000
3000
留下伤疤
15:05
But if you're a leader领导,
355
890000
2000
但如果你是一个领导者
15:07
the people you've counted on
356
892000
3000
那些人你依赖的人
15:10
will help you up.
357
895000
2000
会帮你成长
15:12
And if you're a leader领导,
358
897000
3000
如果你是一个领导者
15:15
the people who count计数 on you need you on your feet.
359
900000
3000
而那些信任你的人需要你立场坚定
15:18
Thank you.
360
903000
2000
谢谢
15:20
(Applause掌声)
361
905000
12000
(鼓掌)
Translated by chen xujie
Reviewed by Jenny Yang

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stanley McChrystal - Military leader
General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S. and International forces in Afghanistan. A four-star general, he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fuses intelligence and operations.

Why you should listen

With a remarkable record of achievement, General Stanley McChrystal has been praised for creating a revolution in warfare that fused intelligence and operations. A four-star general, he is the former commander of U.S. and international forces in Afghanistan and the former leader of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), which oversees the military’s most sensitive forces. McChrystal’s leadership of JSOC is credited with the December 2003 capture of Saddam Hussein and the June 2006 location and killing of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq. McChrystal, a former Green Beret, is known for his candor.

After McChrystal graduated from West Point, he was commissioned as an infantry officer, and spent much of his career commanding special operations and airborne infantry units. During the Persian Gulf War, McChrystal served in a Joint Special Operations Task Force and later commanded the 75th Ranger Regiment. He completed year-long fellowships at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1997 and in 2000 at the Council on Foreign Relations. In 2002, he was appointed chief of staff of military operations in Afghanistan. Two years later, McChrystal was selected to deliver nationally televised Pentagon briefings about military operations in Iraq. From 2003 to 2008, McChrystal commanded JSOC and was responsible for leading the nation’s deployed military counter-terrorism efforts around the globe. He assumed command of all International Forces in Afghanistan in June 2009. President Obama’s order for an additional 30,000 troops to Afghanistan was based on McChrystal’s assessment of the war there. McChrystal retired from the military in August 2010.

More profile about the speaker
Stanley McChrystal | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

This site was created in May 2015 and the last update was on January 12, 2020. It will no longer be updated.

We are currently creating a new site called "eng.lish.video" and would be grateful if you could access it.

If you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to write comments in your language on the contact form.

Privacy Policy

Developer's Blog

Buy Me A Coffee