TED@BCG San Francisco
Roselinde Torres: What it takes to be a great leader
罗莎琳德▪托雷斯: 如何成为一名杰出的领导者
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Readability: 4.9
5,182,265 views
现代社会有太多的领导力培养项目，从全天的研讨会到公司培训项目。但是事实很可能是，这些都没什么作用。在这个坦白直率的演说中，罗莎琳德▪托雷斯讲述了她25年来观察现实中的杰出领导者是如何工作的，并且分享了三个简单但是重要的问题。这是值得将要带领公司发展的商界领导者深思熟虑的。
Roselinde Torres - Leadership expert
BCG's Roselinde Torres studies what makes great leaders tick -- and figures out how to teach others the same skills. Full bio
BCG's Roselinde Torres studies what makes great leaders tick -- and figures out how to teach others the same skills. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
What makes a great leader today?
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今天的杰出领导者是什么样的？
00:17
Many of us carry this image
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我们中的很多人会想到
00:19
of this all-knowing superhero
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一个无所不能的超人，
00:23
who stands and commands
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站在那里，指挥着
00:25
and protects his followers.
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并保护着他的追随者们。
00:29
But that's kind of an image from another time,
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但那是旧时的印象，
00:33
and what's also outdated
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同样过时的还有
00:35
are the leadership development programs
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领导力发展培养计划，
00:38
that are based on success models
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这种发展计划通常是基于
00:40
for a world that was, not a world that is
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过去而不是眼前或者
00:44
or that is coming.
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未来的环境。
00:46
We conducted a study of 4,000 companies,
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我们做了一个研究，其中覆盖了4000个公司，
00:51
and we asked them, let's see the effectiveness
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我们问他们，贵公司领导力
00:54
of your leadership development programs.
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发展培养计划的效果怎样。
00:56
Fifty-eight percent of the companies
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58%的公司认为他们
00:59
cited significant talent gaps
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在重要的领导角色选取上
01:01
for critical leadership roles.
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有很大的人才欠缺。
01:03
That means that despite
corporate training programs,
corporate training programs,
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这意味着，尽管有着各种培训项目，
01:07
off-sites, assessments, coaching, all of these things,
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远程网络课程，评估、 辅导等等，
01:11
more than half the companies
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仍然有超过半数的公司
01:13
had failed to grow enough great leaders.
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未能培养出足够杰出的领导者。
01:18
You may be asking yourself,
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你可能会问自己，
01:20
is my company helping me to prepare
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我的公司有在帮助我成长为
01:23
to be a great 21st-century leader?
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一名21世纪的杰出领导者吗？
01:26
The odds are, probably not.
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很可能是：没有。
01:29
Now, I've spent 25 years of my professional life
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我花了 25 年的职业生涯时间
01:34
observing what makes great leaders.
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来观察杰出领导者的特征。
01:37
I've worked inside Fortune 500 companies,
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我曾经为财富500强企业工作，
01:39
I've advised over 200 CEOs,
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我曾经为200多名首席执行官提供咨询服务，
01:42
and I've cultivated more leadership pipelines
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我打造的领导力培养渠道
01:44
than you can imagine.
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比你可以想象的还要多。
01:47
But a few years ago, I noticed a disturbing trend
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但几年前，我注意到在领导力培养方面
01:51
in leadership preparation.
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一个令人不安的趋势。
01:54
I noticed that, despite all the efforts,
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我注意到，尽管所有这些努力，
01:58
there were familiar stories that kept resurfacing
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类似的不同个体的故事
02:01
about individuals.
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却一再上演。
02:03
One story was about Chris,
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一个故事是关于克里斯的，
02:06
a high-potential, superstar leader
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他是一名具有很大潜力的超级巨星领导者，
02:09
who moves to a new unit and fails,
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他调职到了新的工作环境，失败了，
02:12
destroying unrecoverable value.
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造成了无法弥补的损失。
02:15
And then there were stories like Sidney, the CEO,
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还有茜德尼，这位首席执行官
02:19
who was so frustrated
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非常沮丧，
02:20
because her company is cited
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因为她的公司被认为是
02:22
as a best company for leaders,
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最适合领导者施展才华的公司，
02:25
but only one of the top 50 leaders is equipped
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但在50名最优秀的领导者中只有一名能够
02:29
to lead their crucial initiatives.
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带领实施公司的关键商业行为。
02:31
And then there were stories
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还有很多故事，
02:33
like the senior leadership team
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比如，曾在一度兴旺的公司工作的
02:36
of a once-thriving business
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资深领导团队
02:38
that's surprised by a market shift,
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惊讶地发现市场出现波动，
02:41
finds itself having to force the company
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不得不迫使该公司
02:44
to reduce its size in half
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减小至原规模的一半
02:46
or go out of business.
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或退出行业。
02:49
Now, these recurring stories
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这些不断重复出现的故事
02:52
cause me to ask two questions.
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让我开始思考两个问题。
02:54
Why are the leadership gaps widening
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为什么尽管那么多的资金投入到
02:57
when there's so much more investment
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领导力发展培养项目，
02:59
in leadership development?
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领导力的差别还是这么大？
03:01
And what are the great leaders doing
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杰出领导者做了什么
03:04
distinctly different to thrive and grow?
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明显不同于他人的事情，使他们成长为更杰出的人？
03:08
One of the things that I did,
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我做了一件事，
03:11
I was so consumed by these questions
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我因为思考这些问题越发感到无力
03:13
and also frustrated by those stories,
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同时因为这些故事而感到沮丧，
03:16
that I left my job
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我离职了，
03:19
so that I could study this full time,
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这样，我就可以专职研究。
03:21
and I took a year to travel
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我花了一年时间游历
03:24
to different parts of the world
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世界的各个地方，
03:26
to learn about effective and ineffective
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试图了解高效和无效的
03:28
leadership practices in companies,
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领导力实践——在公司，
03:31
countries and nonprofit organizations.
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在国家和在非盈利组织。
03:34
And so I did things like travel to South Africa,
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所以我前往南非，
03:38
where I had an opportunity to understand
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在那里我有机会了解到
03:41
how Nelson Mandela was ahead of his time
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纳尔逊 · 曼德拉是如何超越他的时代
03:43
in anticipating and navigating
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预测和引领
03:45
his political, social and economic context.
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政治、 社会和经济走向。
03:48
I also met a number of nonprofit leaders
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我还约见了一些非营利组织的领导者，
03:51
who, despite very limited financial resources,
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尽管他们的财政资源非常有限，
03:55
were making a huge impact in the world,
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却仍在努力改变世界，
03:58
often bringing together seeming adversaries.
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并经常促成和看似是敌人的合作。
04:02
And I spent countless hours in presidential libraries
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我在总统图书馆内度过了无数个小时，
04:07
trying to understand how the environment
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试图了解环境是如何
04:10
had shaped the leaders,
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塑造领导者的，
04:11
the moves that they made,
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他们的行动，
04:12
and then the impact of those moves
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以及这些行动造成的
04:14
beyond their tenure.
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超越他们的任期的影响。
04:17
And then, when I returned to work full time,
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后来，我返回全职工作，
04:20
in this role, I joined with wonderful colleagues
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在这个岗位上，我与很棒的同事合作，
04:23
who were also interested in these questions.
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他们也对这些问题感兴趣。
04:27
Now, from all this, I distilled
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从所有这一切，我总结出
04:30
the characteristics of leaders who are thriving
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快速成长的领导者有哪些特征
04:34
and what they do differently,
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以及他们做了哪些不同常规的事，
04:35
and then I also distilled
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我也同样总结出
04:38
the preparation practices that enable people
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增长人类潜能的
04:41
to grow to their potential.
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准备练习。
04:43
I want to share some of those with you now.
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我想分享其中一些给你们听。
04:45
("What makes a great leader in the 21st century?")
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("21世纪，什么造就了杰出的领导者?")
04:47
In a 21st-century world, which is more global,
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在更加全球化、数字化和
04:51
digitally enabled and transparent,
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透明的21世纪，
04:53
with faster speeds of information
flow and innovation,
flow and innovation,
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信息流动和创新都十分快速，
04:57
and where nothing big gets done
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没有采用某种复杂的模型
04:59
without some kind of a complex matrix,
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就好似什么大事也做不了，
05:02
relying on traditional development practices
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依托传统发展的方法
05:06
will stunt your growth as a leader.
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会阻碍领导者的成长。
05:09
In fact, traditional assessments
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事实上，传统的评估方式
05:11
like narrow 360 surveys or
outdated performance criteria
outdated performance criteria
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比如狭隘的360度调查或是过时的评价标准
05:16
will give you false positives,
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会给你错误的正向信息，
05:18
lulling you into thinking that you are more prepared
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引诱你认为自己比现实
05:21
than you really are.
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准备的更充分。
05:23
Leadership in the 21st century is defined
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21世纪的领导力
05:27
and evidenced by three questions.
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可以用这三个问题来定义和证明。
05:30
Where are you looking
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你打算在哪里
05:32
to anticipate the next change
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实行下一步
05:35
to your business model or your life?
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对于你的商业模式或你的生活的改变？
05:38
The answer to this question is on your calendar.
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这个问题的答案就在你的日历上。
05:43
Who are you spending time with? On what topics?
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你的时间和谁一起度过？你们聊什么主题？
05:47
Where are you traveling? What are you reading?
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你去哪里出差旅行？你在读什么书？
05:50
And then how are you distilling this
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然后你怎样从中提炼
05:51
into understanding potential discontinuities,
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来了解潜在的不连续性，
05:55
and then making a decision to do something
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然后作出现在要做什么的决定
05:57
right now so that you're prepared and ready?
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并随时准备着。
06:02
There's a leadership team that does a practice
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有一个领导力训练团队做了一个练习，
06:05
where they bring together each member
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他们将成员聚集在一起
06:08
collecting, here are trends that impact me,
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收集整理，这些趋势影响到我，
06:10
here are trends that impact another team member,
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这些趋势影响到另一个组员，
06:13
and they share these,
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然后他们互相分享，
06:14
and then make decisions,
to course-correct a strategy
to course-correct a strategy
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并做出决定，来改变战略
06:17
or to anticipate a new move.
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或者实施新的举措。
06:20
Great leaders are not head-down.
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杰出领导者不会低着头。
06:23
They see around corners,
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他们会看周围的角落，
06:26
shaping their future, not just reacting to it.
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他们会塑造自己的未来，而不仅仅只是对它作出反应。
06:29
The second question is,
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第二个问题是，
06:31
what is the diversity measure
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如何权衡
06:33
of your personal and professional
stakeholder network?
stakeholder network?
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你的个人和职业利益相关的社会网络？
06:37
You know, we hear often about
good ol' boy networks
good ol' boy networks
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我们经常听到的老友关系网络，
06:40
and they're certainly alive and
well in many institutions.
well in many institutions.
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这些网络在许多机构中仍然存在。
06:44
But to some extent, we all have a network
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但某种程度上而言，我们都有一个社交网络，
06:46
of people that we're comfortable with.
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它由我们熟悉喜欢的人组成。
06:48
So this question is about your capacity
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所以这个问题是关于
06:51
to develop relationships with people
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你和与你大为不同的人
06:54
that are very different than you.
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发展关系的能力。
06:55
And those differences can be biological,
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这些差异可以是生理的、
06:58
physical, functional, political,
cultural, socioeconomic.
cultural, socioeconomic.
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身体的、 功能的、 政治的、 文化的、 社会经济方面的。
07:03
And yet, despite all these differences,
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然而，摒除所有这些差异，
07:07
they connect with you
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他们与您交往
07:08
and they trust you enough
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并且足够信任你
07:10
to cooperate with you
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与你合作
07:11
in achieving a shared goal.
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为实现一个共同目标而努力。
07:14
Great leaders understand
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杰出的领导者明白
07:16
that having a more diverse network
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拥有多样化的网络
07:19
is a source of pattern identification
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是一种更多层次的识别思考
07:23
at greater levels and also of solutions,
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以及解决方案，
07:26
because you have people that are thinking
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因为你认识那些和你有着
07:27
differently than you are.
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不同思考方式的人。
07:30
Third question: are you courageous enough
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第三个问题是： 你是否有勇气
07:33
to abandon a practice that has
made you successful in the past?
made you successful in the past?
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放弃一种过去使您成功的作法？
07:39
There's an expression: Go along to get along.
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有一种说法是： 随遇而安，取法中庸。
07:43
But if you follow this advice,
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但如果你遵循这一理念，
07:46
chances are as a leader,
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更大的可能性会是，你作为领导者，
07:49
you're going to keep doing
what's familiar and comfortable.
what's familiar and comfortable.
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继续遵循对你而言熟悉又方便舒适的作法。
07:53
Great leaders dare to be different.
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伟大的领导者勇于改变。
07:56
They don't just talk about risk-taking,
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他们不只是嘴上谈论冒险，
07:58
they actually do it.
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他们会真的去冒险。
08:00
And one of the leaders shared with me the fact that
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有位领导者跟我分享了这一事实，
08:03
the most impactful development comes
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最有影响力的发展会出现在这样的时候：
08:05
when you are able to build the emotional stamina
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你能够情绪稳定地
08:08
to withstand people telling you that your new idea
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接受别人告诉你——你的新想法
08:13
is naïve or reckless or just plain stupid.
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很天真或很鲁莽或就是非常愚蠢。
08:17
Now interestingly, the people who will join you
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有趣的是，将加入你的网络的人
08:21
are not your usual suspects in your network.
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不是你的社交网络中你通常认为会加入的人。
08:25
They're often people that think differently
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而是那些和你有着不同想法
08:28
and therefore are willing to join you
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并愿意加入你
08:31
in taking a courageous leap.
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去实现一次勇敢的飞跃的人。
08:33
And it's a leap, not a step.
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这是一次飞跃，不是一个步子。
08:37
More than traditional leadership programs,
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不同于传统的领导力培养项目，
08:40
answering these three questions
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回答这三个问题
08:42
will determine your effectiveness
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将确定你作为一个
08:43
as a 21st-century leader.
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21世纪领导者的能力。
08:46
So what makes a great leader in the 21st century?
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那是什么造就了21世纪的杰出领导者？
08:51
I've met many, and they stand out.
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我见过许多，他们与众不同。
08:54
They are women and men
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他们中有女士也有男士，
08:56
who are preparing themselves
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他们正在准备着，
08:58
not for the comfortable predictability of yesterday
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不是为舒适的可预测的昨天
09:01
but also for the realities of today
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而是为了今天的现实
09:05
and all of those unknown possibilities of tomorrow.
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和明天所有未知的可能性。
09:09
Thank you.
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谢谢。
09:11
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Roselinde Torres - Leadership expertBCG's Roselinde Torres studies what makes great leaders tick -- and figures out how to teach others the same skills.
Why you should listen
Roselinde Torres is a senior partner and managing director at the consulting firm, BCG. A senior leader in the firm’s "people and organization" practice area, she is also the company's resident expert on leadership, a topic she has studied her entire career.
Questions she likes to ask include, "what innovative methods can help prepare the next generation of leaders?" and "how do we enable leaders to unlearn past modes and habits of success?"
Prior to joining BCG in 2006, Roselinde was a senior partner at Mercer Delta Consulting, while she has also led internal consulting teams at Johnson & Johnson and Connecticut Mutual Life. She speaks frequently about organizational transformation and leadership; her work and thinking have been featured in publications such as BusinessWeek and The Economist.
Roselinde Torres | Speaker | TED.com