TEDWomen 2015
Alaa Murabit: What my religion really says about women
阿拉•穆拉比特: 关于女性，伊斯兰教到底是怎样说的
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阿拉•穆拉比特在15岁时，和家人一起从加拿大搬到了利比亚。之前，她感到和她的兄弟们是平等的，但在新环境里她感觉到了强大的禁忌，她可以做什么不可以做什么由禁忌决定。作为一位对自己的信仰感到自豪的穆斯林女性，她想搞清楚：这些宗教戒律是真的吗？她的演讲幽默而富有活力，其中的叛逆精神更令人耳目一新，她讲述了她是如何发现伊斯兰教历史中也有女性领导者，以及她如何发起了一起运动，直接从古兰经里引用诗句来捍卫女性权利。
Alaa Murabit - Peace expert
Alaa Murabit champions women’s participation in peace processes and conflict mediation. Full bio
Alaa Murabit champions women’s participation in peace processes and conflict mediation. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So on my way here,
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在我来的路上，
在飞机上我和旁边的乘客
00:15
the passenger next to me and I
had a very interesting conversation
had a very interesting conversation
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有一段很有意思的对话。
00:19
during my flight.
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00:21
He told me, "It seems like
the United States has run out of jobs,
the United States has run out of jobs,
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他跟我说：
“看来，美国的工作岗位都已经满了，
“看来，美国的工作岗位都已经满了，
00:26
because they're just making some up:
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因为现在的职位都是编出来的嘛：
00:28
cat psychologist, dog whisperer,
tornado chaser."
tornado chaser."
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猫心理学家，狗语者，风暴追逐者。”
00:34
A couple of seconds later, he asked me,
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过了几秒钟，他问我：
00:37
"So what do you do?"
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“你又是做什么的？”
00:39
And I was like, "Peacebuilder?"
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我回答说，“和平建设者？”
（笑声）
（笑声）
00:42
(Laughter)
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00:46
Every day, I work to amplify
the voices of women
the voices of women
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我每天都在努力让更多的人
听到女性的声音，
听到女性的声音，
00:51
and to highlight their experiences
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强调她们经历和参与
00:54
and their participation in peace
processes and conflict resolution,
processes and conflict resolution,
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推动和平、化解冲突的事迹。
00:59
and because of my work,
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也正是因为我的工作，
01:02
I recognize that the only way to ensure
the full participation of women globally
the full participation of women globally
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我意识到
保障全球女性全面参与的唯一途径，
01:08
is by reclaiming religion.
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就是改造宗教的面目。
01:11
Now, this matter is vitally
important to me.
important to me.
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如今，这件事对我至关重要。
01:15
As a young Muslim woman,
I am very proud of my faith.
I am very proud of my faith.
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作为一位年轻的穆斯林女性，
我对自己的信仰非常自豪。
我对自己的信仰非常自豪。
01:19
It gives me the strength and conviction
to do my work every day.
to do my work every day.
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它给予了我力量和信念，
让我能每天努力工作。
让我能每天努力工作。
它也是我能来这里站在大家面前的原因。
01:24
It's the reason I can be here
in front of you.
in front of you.
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01:27
But I can't overlook the damage that has
been done in the name of religion,
been done in the name of religion,
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但我无法忽视
以宗教名义造成的破坏，
以宗教名义造成的破坏，
01:33
not just my own, but all
of the world's major faiths.
of the world's major faiths.
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不仅仅是我信仰的宗教，
全世界的主要宗教都是如此。
全世界的主要宗教都是如此。
01:37
The misrepresentation and misuse
and manipulation of religious scripture
and manipulation of religious scripture
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对宗教经文的曲解、滥用和篡改，
01:42
has influenced our social
and cultural norms,
and cultural norms,
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已经影响到我们的社会和文化规范，
01:45
our laws, our daily lives,
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我们的法律和日常生活，
01:48
to a point where we sometimes
don't recognize it.
don't recognize it.
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有时甚至是我们还没有意识到的地方。
01:52
My parents moved from Libya,
North Africa, to Canada
North Africa, to Canada
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我父母在20世纪80年代初
从北非的利比亚移民到了加拿大，
01:57
in the early 1980s,
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01:59
and I am the middle child of 11 children.
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我在11个小孩中排在中间。
02:03
Yes, 11.
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没错，11个。
02:05
But growing up, I saw my parents,
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但在成长过程中我看到我的父母
02:07
both religiously devout
and spiritual people,
and spiritual people,
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都是宗教上虔诚、心灵富有的人，
02:11
pray and praise God for their blessings,
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他们向真主祷告并赞美真主的恩赐，
02:13
namely me of course, but among others.
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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当然就是我了，以及我的兄弟姐妹。
（笑声）
（笑声）
02:18
They were kind and funny and patient,
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他们心地善良、
风趣幽默又极富耐心，
风趣幽默又极富耐心，
02:21
limitlessly patient, the kind of patience
that having 11 kids forces you to have.
that having 11 kids forces you to have.
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无限的耐心，
被11个孩子逼迫出来的耐心。
被11个孩子逼迫出来的耐心。
02:28
And they were fair.
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而且他们也很公正。
02:30
I was never subjected to religion
through a cultural lens.
through a cultural lens.
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我从来没有被他们
以加上文化眼光的宗教来对待。
以加上文化眼光的宗教来对待。
02:34
I was treated the same,
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我受到平等对待，
02:36
the same was expected of me.
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也被要求平等待人。
我从来没有被教导说：
真主因性别而区别待人。
真主因性别而区别待人。
02:39
I was never taught that God
judged differently based on gender.
judged differently based on gender.
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而我父母所理解的真主，
是一位仁慈的益友和提供者，
是一位仁慈的益友和提供者，
02:44
And my parents' understanding of God
as a merciful and beneficial friend
as a merciful and beneficial friend
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02:50
and provider shaped the way
I looked at the world.
I looked at the world.
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正是这种观念塑造了我看待世界的方式。
02:54
Now, of course, my upbringing
had additional benefits.
had additional benefits.
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当然，我的成长经历也有额外的益处。
02:58
Being one of 11 children is Diplomacy 101.
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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作为11个孩子中的一个就像是
上外交基础课。（笑声）
上外交基础课。（笑声）
03:04
To this day, I am asked
where I went to school,
where I went to school,
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到现在如果有人问我从哪里毕业的，
03:07
like, "Did you go to
Kennedy School of Government?"
Kennedy School of Government?"
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像是“你是肯尼迪政府学院毕业的吗？”
03:09
and I look at them and I'm like, "No,
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我就会看看他们然后回答：“不是，
我上的是穆拉比特国际关系学院。”
03:11
I went to the Murabit School
of International Affairs."
of International Affairs."
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03:14
It's extremely exclusive. You would have
to talk to my mom to get in.
to talk to my mom to get in.
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绝对的私立学校，
想入学必须先跟我妈谈谈。
想入学必须先跟我妈谈谈。
03:20
Lucky for you, she's here.
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各位运气很好，
她就在现场。
她就在现场。
但是作为11个小孩之一，
拥有10个兄弟姐妹，
拥有10个兄弟姐妹，
03:23
But being one of 11 children
and having 10 siblings
and having 10 siblings
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03:28
teaches you a lot about
power structures and alliances.
power structures and alliances.
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能教会你许多
有关权力结构和联盟的事情。
有关权力结构和联盟的事情。
它教你学会专注；
你要说快一点或者少一点，
你要说快一点或者少一点，
03:32
It teaches you focus; you have
to talk fast or say less,
to talk fast or say less,
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03:35
because you will always get cut off.
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因为你总是会被打断。
03:37
It teaches you the importance
of messaging.
of messaging.
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它教会你信息沟通的重要性。
03:40
You have to ask questions in the right way
to get the answers you know you want,
to get the answers you know you want,
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你必须以正确的方式提出问题，
才能得到想要的答案，
才能得到想要的答案，
03:44
and you have to say no
in the right way to keep the peace.
in the right way to keep the peace.
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你还要以正确的方式拒绝，
才能保持和平。
才能保持和平。
03:49
But the most important lesson
I learned growing up
I learned growing up
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但是成长中我学到最重要的一课，
03:53
was the importance of being at the table.
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就是要在圆桌上占有一席之地。
03:56
When my mom's favorite lamp broke,
I had to be there when she was trying
I had to be there when she was trying
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当我妈妈最喜欢的台灯被打破时，
她想查出是谁打破的、怎样发生的，
她想查出是谁打破的、怎样发生的，
04:00
to find out how and by who,
because I had to defend myself,
because I had to defend myself,
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这时我就必须在场，
因为我得为自己辩护，
因为我得为自己辩护，
04:05
because if you're not,
then the finger is pointed at you,
then the finger is pointed at you,
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因为如果谁不在，
就会变成众矢之的，
就会变成众矢之的，
04:09
and before you know it,
you will be grounded.
you will be grounded.
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然后在还没反应过来之前就被禁足了。
04:11
I am not speaking
from experience, of course.
from experience, of course.
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当然我不是在说我的亲身经历。
04:16
When I was 15 in 2005,
I completed high school and I moved
I completed high school and I moved
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2005年我15岁的时候，
刚刚从高中毕业，
刚刚从高中毕业，
04:21
from Canada -- Saskatoon --
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我从加拿大的萨斯卡通，
04:24
to Zawiya, my parents' hometown in Libya,
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来到了我父母在利比亚的故乡，
扎维亚。
扎维亚。
04:28
a very traditional city.
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一个非常传统的城市。
04:30
Mind you, I had only ever been
to Libya before on vacation,
to Libya before on vacation,
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提醒大家，
我以前只去过利比亚度假，
我以前只去过利比亚度假，
04:35
and as a seven-year-old girl,
it was magic.
it was magic.
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对于一个7岁的小女孩来说，
当时就像梦幻一般。
当时就像梦幻一般。
04:39
It was ice cream and trips to the beach
and really excited relatives.
and really excited relatives.
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有冰淇淋和沙滩旅行，
还有非常兴奋的亲戚。
还有非常兴奋的亲戚。
可对于15岁的年轻女士来说
就不是一回事了。
就不是一回事了。
04:45
Turns out it's not the same
as a 15-year-old young lady.
as a 15-year-old young lady.
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04:50
I very quickly became introduced
to the cultural aspect of religion.
to the cultural aspect of religion.
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我很快就见识到了
宗教在文化层面的影响。
宗教在文化层面的影响。
04:56
The words "haram" --
meaning religiously prohibited --
meaning religiously prohibited --
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“haram”——
表示宗教上禁止，
表示宗教上禁止，
05:00
and "aib" -- meaning
culturally inappropriate --
culturally inappropriate --
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而“aib”——
表示文化上不适当，
表示文化上不适当，
05:04
were exchanged carelessly,
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这两个词我常常无意中混用，
05:07
as if they meant the same thing
and had the same consequences.
and had the same consequences.
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好像含义完全一致，
带来的后果也完全相同。
带来的后果也完全相同。
05:11
And I found myself in conversation
after conversation with classmates
after conversation with classmates
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然后我发现自己无数次，
在和同学、同事、教授、
朋友，甚至是和亲戚的对话中，
朋友，甚至是和亲戚的对话中，
05:16
and colleagues, professors,
friends, even relatives,
friends, even relatives,
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05:19
beginning to question my own rule
and my own aspirations.
and my own aspirations.
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开始质疑我自己的角色和志向。
05:24
And even with the foundation
my parents had provided for me,
my parents had provided for me,
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即使在我父母帮我打下的基础上，
05:27
I found myself questioning
the role of women in my faith.
the role of women in my faith.
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我发现我在质疑
自己信仰中女性所扮演的角色。
自己信仰中女性所扮演的角色。
05:32
So at the Murabit School
of International Affairs,
of International Affairs,
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在穆拉比特国际关系学院里，
05:36
we go very heavy on the debate,
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我们热衷于辩论，
05:39
and rule number one is do your research,
so that's what I did,
so that's what I did,
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第一条原则就是要做好调查，
于是我就去调查，
05:44
and it surprised me how easy it was
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结果我很惊讶，其实很容易
在我的信仰中
找到曾是领导者的女性，
找到曾是领导者的女性，
05:48
to find women in my faith
who were leaders,
who were leaders,
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05:52
who were innovative, who were strong --
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或是革新者、坚强的女性，
无论是在政治、经济，
甚至是军事领域中。
甚至是军事领域中。
05:55
politically, economically,
even militarily.
even militarily.
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卡蒂嘉在伊斯兰运动
刚刚起步的时候提供资金。
刚刚起步的时候提供资金。
05:59
Khadija financed the Islamic movement
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06:02
in its infancy.
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要是没有她我们就不会在这里。
06:04
We wouldn't be here if it weren't for her.
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06:07
So why weren't we learning about her?
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那为什么我们不知道她的事迹？
06:10
Why weren't we learning about these women?
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为什么我们不知道这些女性的事迹？
06:13
Why were women being relegated
to positions which predated
to positions which predated
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为什么女性的地位
在我们的信仰教育中被忽略？
在我们的信仰教育中被忽略？
06:15
the teachings of our faith?
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06:18
And why, if we are equal
in the eyes of God,
in the eyes of God,
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而且，如果我们在真主眼中是平等的，
06:20
are we not equal in the eyes of men?
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为什么在男性的眼中却不是？
06:24
To me, it all came back to the lessons
I had learned as a child.
I had learned as a child.
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对我而言，
一切都回到了我小时候所学到的。
一切都回到了我小时候所学到的。
决策者，
也就是控制信息的那个人，
也就是控制信息的那个人，
06:30
The decision maker, the person
who gets to control the message,
who gets to control the message,
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06:34
is sitting at the table,
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就坐在圆桌前，
06:36
and unfortunately,
in every single world faith,
in every single world faith,
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不幸的是，在每一种世界性宗教中，
06:41
they are not women.
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这些人都不是女性。
06:44
Religious institutions
are dominated by men
are dominated by men
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宗教组织为男性所主宰，
06:47
and driven by male leadership,
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由男性领导者推动，
06:49
and they create policies
in their likeness,
in their likeness,
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他们以自己的形象制订政策。
06:52
and until we can change
the system entirely,
the system entirely,
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所以在我们能够完全改变体制前，
我们都不能实际去指望
女性全面参与经济与政治事务。
女性全面参与经济与政治事务。
06:56
then we can't realistically
expect to have full economic
expect to have full economic
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06:59
and political participation of women.
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07:03
Our foundation is broken.
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我们的基础是破碎的。
我的妈妈说过：
地基不平整，房子盖不正。
地基不平整，房子盖不正。
07:07
My mom actually says, you can't build
a straight house on a crooked foundation.
a straight house on a crooked foundation.
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07:14
In 2011, the Libyan revolution broke out,
and my family was on the front lines.
and my family was on the front lines.
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2011年利比亚革命爆发，
我们一家就在前线。
我们一家就在前线。
07:21
And there's this amazing thing
that happens in war,
that happens in war,
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在战争中出现了
这样一件令人惊奇的事，
这样一件令人惊奇的事，
07:24
a cultural shift almost, very temporary.
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几乎是一场文化上的转变，
非常短暂。
非常短暂。
07:27
And it was the first time that I felt
it was not only acceptable
it was not only acceptable
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这是我第一次感到，
参与其中不仅是被允许的，
参与其中不仅是被允许的，
07:30
for me to be involved,
but it was encouraged.
but it was encouraged.
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而且是被鼓励的。
07:33
It was demanded.
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甚至是被要求的。
07:36
Myself and other women
had a seat at the table.
had a seat at the table.
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我自己和其他女性，
在圆桌前也有了位置。
在圆桌前也有了位置。
07:39
We weren't holding hands or a medium.
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我们不是在那里手拉手
或是作为中间人。
或是作为中间人。
07:42
We were part of decision making.
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我们参与了决策。
我们也共享信息，
我们至关重要。
我们至关重要。
07:44
We were information sharing.
We were crucial.
We were crucial.
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07:47
And I wanted and needed
for that change to be permanent.
for that change to be permanent.
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我想要而且需要那是永久的转变。
结果却是，并非这么简单。
07:54
Turns out, that's not that easy.
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07:57
It only took a few weeks before the women
that I had previously worked with
that I had previously worked with
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只过了几个星期，
之前和我共事的女性
又回去做她们以前做的事情，
又回去做她们以前做的事情，
08:01
were returning back
to their previous roles,
to their previous roles,
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而且她们大多数人都是受到
宗教与政治领袖的鼓励，
宗教与政治领袖的鼓励，
08:04
and most of them were driven
by words of encouragement
by words of encouragement
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08:07
from religious and political leaders,
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08:10
most of whom cited religious scripture
as their defense.
as their defense.
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这些领袖大多引用宗教经文
来为自己做防御。
来为自己做防御。
他们也是用这种办法
使自己的观点获得民众支持。
使自己的观点获得民众支持。
08:14
It's how they gained popular support
for their opinions.
for their opinions.
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所以开始的时候，我致力于赋予
女性经济和政治上的权力。
女性经济和政治上的权力。
08:19
So initially, I focused on the economic
and political empowerment of women.
and political empowerment of women.
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08:24
I thought that would lead
to cultural and social change.
to cultural and social change.
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我以为这样会带来
文化和社会上的转变。
文化和社会上的转变。
08:27
It turns out, it does a little,
but not a lot.
but not a lot.
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结果是有一点作用，但不多。
08:32
I decided to use
their defense as my offense,
their defense as my offense,
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我决定用他们的防御工具，
来作为我的进攻工具。
来作为我的进攻工具。
08:36
and I began to cite and highlight
Islamic scripture as well.
Islamic scripture as well.
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于是我也开始同样地引用
并强调伊斯兰教经文。
并强调伊斯兰教经文。
08:41
In 2012 and 2013, my organization
led the single largest
led the single largest
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在2012和2013年，我的组织在利比亚
领导了最大、范围最广泛的运动。
领导了最大、范围最广泛的运动。
08:45
and most widespread
campaign in Libya.
campaign in Libya.
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08:48
We entered homes and schools
and universities, even mosques.
and universities, even mosques.
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我们走进家庭，大小学校，
甚至清真寺，
甚至清真寺，
08:52
We spoke to 50,000 people directly,
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我们直接同5万人对话，
08:55
and hundreds of thousands more through
billboards and television commercials,
billboards and television commercials,
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还通过大型看板和电视广告，
08:59
radio commercials and posters.
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以及广播与海报来接触更多人。
09:02
And you're probably wondering how
a women's rights organization
a women's rights organization
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你可能会想，一个女权组织是怎样
09:05
was able to do this in communities
which had previously opposed
which had previously opposed
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在以前光是对我们的存在
就很反感的社区进行活动的。
就很反感的社区进行活动的。
09:08
our sheer existence.
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09:11
I used scripture.
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我用经文。
09:14
I used verses from the Quran
and sayings of the Prophet,
and sayings of the Prophet,
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我引用了古兰经里的诗句
和先知的语录，
和先知的语录，
09:19
Hadiths, his sayings which
are, for example,
are, for example,
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圣训里的话语，
比如说，
比如说，
09:23
"The best of you is the best
to their family."
to their family."
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“你们中最好的人是最善待家人的人。”
09:26
"Do not let your brother oppress another."
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“不要让你的兄弟压迫他人。”
09:30
For the first time, Friday sermons
led by local community imams
led by local community imams
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第一次，由当地社区伊玛目
主持的周五布道，
主持的周五布道，
09:35
promoted the rights of women.
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提倡了女性的人权。
他们讨论了像是家庭暴力
这一类的禁忌话题。
这一类的禁忌话题。
09:38
They discussed taboo issues,
like domestic violence.
like domestic violence.
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09:42
Policies were changed.
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政策改变了。
09:46
In certain communities,
we actually had to go as far
we actually had to go as far
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在某些社区里，
我们甚至必须提到
我们甚至必须提到
09:49
as saying the International
Human Rights Declaration,
Human Rights Declaration,
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比如说国际人权宣言，
你们反对它是因为
它不是宗教学者写的，
它不是宗教学者写的，
09:53
which you opposed because it wasn't
written by religious scholars,
written by religious scholars,
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09:57
well, those same principles
are in our book.
are in our book.
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其实，我们的经书里
有同样的基本准则。
有同样的基本准则。
10:01
So really, the United Nations
just copied us.
just copied us.
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所以实际上，
联合国是抄袭我们的。
联合国是抄袭我们的。
通过信息的转变，
10:07
By changing the message,
we were able to provide
we were able to provide
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我们得以提供另一种叙事角度，
来提倡利比亚的女权。
来提倡利比亚的女权。
10:10
an alternative narrative which promoted
the rights of women in Libya.
the rights of women in Libya.
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这样的方式现在开始
在国际上被复制。
在国际上被复制。
10:15
It's something that has now
been replicated internationally,
been replicated internationally,
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10:20
and while I am not saying it's easy --
believe me, it's not.
believe me, it's not.
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我并没有说这很容易——
相信我，这并不容易。
相信我，这并不容易。
10:24
Liberals will say you're using religion
and call you a bad conservative.
and call you a bad conservative.
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自由派会说你是在利用宗教，
然后说你是糟糕的保守派。
然后说你是糟糕的保守派。
10:28
Conservatives will call you
a lot of colorful things.
a lot of colorful things.
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保守派会用一大堆难听话来骂你。
10:31
I've heard everything from, "Your parents
must be extremely ashamed of you" --
must be extremely ashamed of you" --
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我听过各种各样的，
从“你父母一定极度以你为耻”——
从“你父母一定极度以你为耻”——
10:35
false; they're my biggest fans --
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错，他们是我最大的支持者——
10:38
to "You will not make it
to your next birthday" --
to your next birthday" --
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到“你活不到下一个生日”——
10:40
again wrong, because I did.
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又错了，因为我已经活到了。
10:44
And I remain
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而且我仍然坚信，
10:46
a very strong believer that women's rights
and religion are not mutually exclusive.
and religion are not mutually exclusive.
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女权和宗教并非不能相容。
10:54
But we have to be at the table.
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但我们必须在圆桌上
拥有一席之地。
拥有一席之地。
10:57
We have to stop giving up our position,
because by remaining silent,
because by remaining silent,
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我们必须停止放弃自己的地位，
因为保持沉默，
因为保持沉默，
11:01
we allow for the continued persecution
and abuse of women worldwide.
and abuse of women worldwide.
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我们就是容许全世界
继续迫害和虐待女性。
继续迫害和虐待女性。
11:07
By saying that we're going
to fight for women's rights
to fight for women's rights
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通过主张我们要为女权而战，
11:10
and fight extremism
with bombs and warfare,
with bombs and warfare,
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打击使用炸弹、发动战争
的极端主义者，
的极端主义者，
11:14
we completely cripple local societies
which need to address these issues
which need to address these issues
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我们就能完全瘫痪那些
需要借由强调这类议题
需要借由强调这类议题
11:18
so that they're sustainable.
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才能持续发展下去的地方社群。
11:23
It is not easy, challenging
distorted religious messaging.
distorted religious messaging.
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这并不容易，
要挑战扭曲的宗教信息。
要挑战扭曲的宗教信息。
11:28
You will have your fair share
of insults and ridicule and threats.
of insults and ridicule and threats.
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你将面对许多的侮辱、嘲笑和威胁。
11:34
But we have to do it.
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但我们必须这么做。
我们别无选择，
必须改造人权的信息沟通，
必须改造人权的信息沟通，
11:36
We have no other option than to reclaim
the message of human rights,
the message of human rights,
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11:40
the principles of our faith,
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我们信仰的原则，
11:43
not for us, not for
the women in your families,
the women in your families,
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并非是为了我们，
也不是为了你们家中的女性，
也不是为了你们家中的女性，
11:46
not for the women in this room,
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也不是为了这个房间里的女性，
11:48
not even for the women out there,
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甚至不是为了外面的女性，
11:51
but for societies
that would be transformed
that would be transformed
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而是为了一个由于女性的参与
而转变的社会。
而转变的社会。
11:54
with the participation of women.
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11:57
And the only way we can do that,
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我们能做到这一点的唯一途径，
12:00
our only option,
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我们唯一的选择，
12:02
is to be, and remain, at the table.
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就是在圆桌上，持续地拥有一席之地。
谢谢大家。（掌声）
12:05
Thank you.
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12:08
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alaa Murabit - Peace expertAlaa Murabit champions women’s participation in peace processes and conflict mediation.
Why you should listen
Alaa Murabit's family moved from Canada to Libya when she was 15. Brought up in a Muslim household where she was equal to her brothers, she was shocked to see how women were viewed and treated in her new country. She enrolled in medical school, but felt frustrated by the gender discrimination she experienced.
During her fifth year in med school, the Libyan Revolution broke out. Murabit was invigorated by how women were embraced as decision-makers in the movement. She founded The Voice of Libyan Women (VLW) to focus on challenging societal and cultural norms to make that the case all the time. Many VLW programs -- like the Noor Campaign, which uses Islamic teaching to combat violence against women -- have been replicated internationally.
Murabit is an advisor to many international security boards, think tanks and organizations, including the UN Women Global Civil Society Advisory Group and Harvard’s Everywoman Everywhere Coalition. An Ashoka Fellow, Murabit was a Trust Women Hero Award Winner in 2013.
Alaa Murabit | Speaker | TED.com