TEDWomen 2015
Alaa Murabit: What my religion really says about women
艾拉．穆拉比: 我的宗教對女性的真實敘述
Filmed:
Readability: 4.2
3,804,611 views
艾拉．穆拉比在十五歲時與家人從加拿大搬到利比亞。在那之前，她覺得與自己的兄弟是平等的，但是在新環境裡，她感受到對自己未來的巨大桎梏。身為一位自豪的回教女性，她覺得困惑：這真的是宗教的教義嗎？帶著幽默、熱情與令人耳目一新的反骨精神，她分享了自己是如何發現宗教歷史上的女性領導者典範──以及如何直接使用古蘭經文來推動捍衛女權的運動。
Alaa Murabit - Peace expert
Alaa Murabit champions women’s participation in peace processes and conflict mediation. Full bio
Alaa Murabit champions women’s participation in peace processes and conflict mediation. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So on my way here,
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我在來的途中，
在飛機上和隔壁的乘客
00:15
the passenger next to me and I
had a very interesting conversation
had a very interesting conversation
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有一段很有趣的對話。
00:19
during my flight.
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00:21
He told me, "It seems like
the United States has run out of jobs,
the United States has run out of jobs,
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他跟我說：
「美國感覺好像工作都沒了似的，
「美國感覺好像工作都沒了似的，
00:26
because they're just making some up:
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因為大家都編出一些職業像是：
00:28
cat psychologist, dog whisperer,
tornado chaser."
tornado chaser."
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貓咪心理醫生、
狗語專家、追風者。」
狗語專家、追風者。」
00:34
A couple of seconds later, he asked me,
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然後過了幾秒鐘他問我：
00:37
"So what do you do?"
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「那你是做什麼的？」
00:39
And I was like, "Peacebuilder?"
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我說：「和平締造者？」
00:42
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:46
Every day, I work to amplify
the voices of women
the voices of women
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我每天努力讓女性的聲音
被更多人聽見，
被更多人聽見，
00:51
and to highlight their experiences
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強調他們經歷和參與
00:54
and their participation in peace
processes and conflict resolution,
processes and conflict resolution,
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促進和平、化解衝突的事蹟，
00:59
and because of my work,
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而因為我的工作，
01:02
I recognize that the only way to ensure
the full participation of women globally
the full participation of women globally
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我認知到，要確保婦女在全球
都能夠全面參與的唯一途徑，
都能夠全面參與的唯一途徑，
01:08
is by reclaiming religion.
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只有透過收復宗教。
01:11
Now, this matter is vitally
important to me.
important to me.
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這個議題對我來說至關重要。
01:15
As a young Muslim woman,
I am very proud of my faith.
I am very proud of my faith.
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做為一個年輕回教女性，
我對我的信仰十分引以為傲。
我對我的信仰十分引以為傲。
01:19
It gives me the strength and conviction
to do my work every day.
to do my work every day.
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它讓我擁有面對
每天工作的力量與信念。
每天工作的力量與信念。
01:24
It's the reason I can be here
in front of you.
in front of you.
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是我能夠站在你們面前的原因。
01:27
But I can't overlook the damage that has
been done in the name of religion,
been done in the name of religion,
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但我不能忽視過去
以宗教之名所帶來的傷害，
以宗教之名所帶來的傷害，
01:33
not just my own, but all
of the world's major faiths.
of the world's major faiths.
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不僅是我的宗教，
還包括全世界所有的主要信仰。
還包括全世界所有的主要信仰。
01:37
The misrepresentation and misuse
and manipulation of religious scripture
and manipulation of religious scripture
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曲解和濫用、操弄宗教經文，
01:42
has influenced our social
and cultural norms,
and cultural norms,
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已經影響了我們的社會和文化規範、
01:45
our laws, our daily lives,
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我們的法律、我們的日常生活，
有時甚至影響到
我們沒發覺的地步。
我們沒發覺的地步。
01:48
to a point where we sometimes
don't recognize it.
don't recognize it.
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我的父母在八零年代早期，
01:52
My parents moved from Libya,
North Africa, to Canada
North Africa, to Canada
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從北非的利比亞移民到加拿大。
01:57
in the early 1980s,
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而我是十一個小孩中間的一個。
01:59
and I am the middle child of 11 children.
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02:03
Yes, 11.
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沒錯，十一個。
02:05
But growing up, I saw my parents,
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但是成長過程中我看到我的父母，
02:07
both religiously devout
and spiritual people,
and spiritual people,
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都是宗教上非常虔誠、
心靈富有的人，
心靈富有的人，
02:11
pray and praise God for their blessings,
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祈禱並讚美神帶給他們的祝福，
02:13
namely me of course, but among others.
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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也就是我，當然還有其他的事物。
（笑聲）
（笑聲）
02:18
They were kind and funny and patient,
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他們非常仁慈、幽默，
也很有耐心，
也很有耐心，
02:21
limitlessly patient, the kind of patience
that having 11 kids forces you to have.
that having 11 kids forces you to have.
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無限的耐心，被十一個小孩
強迫出來的耐心。
強迫出來的耐心。
02:28
And they were fair.
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而且他們非常公平。
02:30
I was never subjected to religion
through a cultural lens.
through a cultural lens.
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我從來沒有被他們以
加上文化眼光的宗教來對待。
加上文化眼光的宗教來對待。
02:34
I was treated the same,
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他們對我一視同仁，
02:36
the same was expected of me.
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對我的要求也相同。
02:39
I was never taught that God
judged differently based on gender.
judged differently based on gender.
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我從來沒被教育過
神會因為性別而對人有差別待遇。
神會因為性別而對人有差別待遇。
02:44
And my parents' understanding of God
as a merciful and beneficial friend
as a merciful and beneficial friend
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而我父母理解的神
是一位仁慈的益友與供給者，
是一位仁慈的益友與供給者，
02:50
and provider shaped the way
I looked at the world.
I looked at the world.
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這個觀念塑造了我看待世界的方式。
02:54
Now, of course, my upbringing
had additional benefits.
had additional benefits.
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當然，我的成長經歷
帶來額外的好處。
帶來額外的好處。
02:58
Being one of 11 children is Diplomacy 101.
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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要當十一個小孩之中的一個
簡直是在上外交基礎課。（笑聲）
簡直是在上外交基礎課。（笑聲）
03:04
To this day, I am asked
where I went to school,
where I went to school,
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到現在如果有人問我哪裡畢業的，
03:07
like, "Did you go to
Kennedy School of Government?"
Kennedy School of Government?"
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像是「你是甘迺迪
政府學院畢業的嗎？」
政府學院畢業的嗎？」
03:09
and I look at them and I'm like, "No,
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我看看他們然後回答：「不是，
03:11
I went to the Murabit School
of International Affairs."
of International Affairs."
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我是穆拉比國際關係學院畢業的。」
03:14
It's extremely exclusive. You would have
to talk to my mom to get in.
to talk to my mom to get in.
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非常難進的，
要進去你要跟我媽談。
要進去你要跟我媽談。
03:20
Lucky for you, she's here.
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不過你很幸運，她就在這兒。
03:23
But being one of 11 children
and having 10 siblings
and having 10 siblings
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但是身為十一個小孩之一，
擁有十個兄弟姊妹，
擁有十個兄弟姊妹，
03:28
teaches you a lot about
power structures and alliances.
power structures and alliances.
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能教你許多關於
權力結構和結盟的事。
權力結構和結盟的事。
03:32
It teaches you focus; you have
to talk fast or say less,
to talk fast or say less,
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能夠教你如何專注；
你要說快一點或是少一點，
你要說快一點或是少一點，
03:35
because you will always get cut off.
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因為你總是會被打斷。
03:37
It teaches you the importance
of messaging.
of messaging.
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它教你訊息溝通的重要性。
03:40
You have to ask questions in the right way
to get the answers you know you want,
to get the answers you know you want,
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你必須用正確的方式發問，
才能得到你想要的答案，
才能得到你想要的答案，
03:44
and you have to say no
in the right way to keep the peace.
in the right way to keep the peace.
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你還必須要用正確的方式說不，
才能維持和平。
才能維持和平。
03:49
But the most important lesson
I learned growing up
I learned growing up
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但是成長中我學到最重要的一課，
03:53
was the importance of being at the table.
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就是要在圓桌擁有一席之地。
03:56
When my mom's favorite lamp broke,
I had to be there when she was trying
I had to be there when she was trying
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當我媽心愛的檯燈被打破了，
要找出是誰打破的、怎麼發生的，
要找出是誰打破的、怎麼發生的，
04:00
to find out how and by who,
because I had to defend myself,
because I had to defend myself,
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我必須在場，
因為我必須替我自己辯護，
因為我必須替我自己辯護，
04:05
because if you're not,
then the finger is pointed at you,
then the finger is pointed at you,
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如果不在場的話，
就會變成眾矢之的。
就會變成眾矢之的。
04:09
and before you know it,
you will be grounded.
you will be grounded.
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然後你還來不及反應就被禁足了。
04:11
I am not speaking
from experience, of course.
from experience, of course.
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當然我不是在說我自己的經驗。
04:16
When I was 15 in 2005,
I completed high school and I moved
I completed high school and I moved
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2005年我十五歲的時候，
完成了高中學業，
完成了高中學業，
然後從加拿大薩克屯
04:21
from Canada -- Saskatoon --
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04:24
to Zawiya, my parents' hometown in Libya,
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搬到我父母在
利比亞的故鄉 ── 扎維耶，
利比亞的故鄉 ── 扎維耶，
04:28
a very traditional city.
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一個非常傳統的城市。
04:30
Mind you, I had only ever been
to Libya before on vacation,
to Libya before on vacation,
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提醒大家，我以前
只去過利比亞度假，
只去過利比亞度假，
04:35
and as a seven-year-old girl,
it was magic.
it was magic.
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對一個七歲小女孩來說
是非常神奇的經驗。
是非常神奇的經驗。
04:39
It was ice cream and trips to the beach
and really excited relatives.
and really excited relatives.
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有冰淇淋和沙灘旅遊，
還有非常興奮的親戚。
還有非常興奮的親戚。
04:45
Turns out it's not the same
as a 15-year-old young lady.
as a 15-year-old young lady.
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不過對一個十五歲的
年輕女性來說就不一樣了。
年輕女性來說就不一樣了。
04:50
I very quickly became introduced
to the cultural aspect of religion.
to the cultural aspect of religion.
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我很快就接觸到宗教
在文化上的那一面。
在文化上的那一面。
04:56
The words "haram" --
meaning religiously prohibited --
meaning religiously prohibited --
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「Haram」這個字 ──
表示宗教上禁止，
表示宗教上禁止，
05:00
and "aib" -- meaning
culturally inappropriate --
culturally inappropriate --
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還有「Aib」──
表示文化上不適當，
表示文化上不適當，
05:04
were exchanged carelessly,
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兩個字被不經意的調換。
05:07
as if they meant the same thing
and had the same consequences.
and had the same consequences.
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好像這兩個字代表同樣含義、
擁有相同後果。
擁有相同後果。
05:11
And I found myself in conversation
after conversation with classmates
after conversation with classmates
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然後我發現自己無數次
在和同學、同事、教授、
朋友，甚至是和親戚的對話中，
朋友，甚至是和親戚的對話中，
05:16
and colleagues, professors,
friends, even relatives,
friends, even relatives,
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05:19
beginning to question my own rule
and my own aspirations.
and my own aspirations.
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開始質疑我自己的原則和志向。
05:24
And even with the foundation
my parents had provided for me,
my parents had provided for me,
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甚至就算在我的父母
幫我打下的基礎上，
幫我打下的基礎上，
05:27
I found myself questioning
the role of women in my faith.
the role of women in my faith.
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我發現我在質疑自己信仰中
女性所扮演的角色。
女性所扮演的角色。
05:32
So at the Murabit School
of International Affairs,
of International Affairs,
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在穆拉比國際關係學院裡，
我們對辯論的訓練很紮實，
05:36
we go very heavy on the debate,
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05:39
and rule number one is do your research,
so that's what I did,
so that's what I did,
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第一條規則就是要做好功課，
所以我就去做功課，
所以我就去做功課，
05:44
and it surprised me how easy it was
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然後我很驚訝，
其實非常容易在我的信仰中
找到曾是領導者的女性，
找到曾是領導者的女性，
05:48
to find women in my faith
who were leaders,
who were leaders,
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05:52
who were innovative, who were strong --
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或是創新者、非常堅強的女性，
05:55
politically, economically,
even militarily.
even militarily.
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無論是在政治、經濟，
甚至是軍事領域中。
甚至是軍事領域中。
海迪徹在伊斯蘭運動
剛起步的時候提供資金，
剛起步的時候提供資金，
05:59
Khadija financed the Islamic movement
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06:02
in its infancy.
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要是沒有她我們不會在這裡。
06:04
We wouldn't be here if it weren't for her.
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06:07
So why weren't we learning about her?
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那麼我們為什麼沒被教導
關於她的事蹟？
關於她的事蹟？
06:10
Why weren't we learning about these women?
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為什麼我們沒被教導
關於這些女性的事蹟？
關於這些女性的事蹟？
06:13
Why were women being relegated
to positions which predated
to positions which predated
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為什麼女性的地位
在我們的信仰教育中被埋沒？
06:15
the teachings of our faith?
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還有為什麼，如果
在神的眼裡我們是平等的，
在神的眼裡我們是平等的，
06:18
And why, if we are equal
in the eyes of God,
in the eyes of God,
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06:20
are we not equal in the eyes of men?
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為何在男人的眼中
我們不是平等的？
我們不是平等的？
06:24
To me, it all came back to the lessons
I had learned as a child.
I had learned as a child.
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對我來說，全都回歸到
我童年時所學習到的。
我童年時所學習到的。
06:30
The decision maker, the person
who gets to control the message,
who gets to control the message,
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決策者，也就是
能控制訊息的那個人，
能控制訊息的那個人，
06:34
is sitting at the table,
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就坐在圓桌前，
06:36
and unfortunately,
in every single world faith,
in every single world faith,
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很不幸的，世界上的每個宗教裡，
06:41
they are not women.
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這些人都不是女性。
06:44
Religious institutions
are dominated by men
are dominated by men
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宗教組織由男人主導，
06:47
and driven by male leadership,
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由男性領導者帶動，
06:49
and they create policies
in their likeness,
in their likeness,
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他們以自己的形象做為政策方針，
06:52
and until we can change
the system entirely,
the system entirely,
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所以在我們能夠完全改變體制前，
06:56
then we can't realistically
expect to have full economic
expect to have full economic
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我們不可能實際去期待
女性能擁有全面的政經參與力。
06:59
and political participation of women.
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07:03
Our foundation is broken.
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我們的基礎是破碎的。
我媽說過，你不能在歪掉的地基上
蓋出方正的房子。
蓋出方正的房子。
07:07
My mom actually says, you can't build
a straight house on a crooked foundation.
a straight house on a crooked foundation.
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07:14
In 2011, the Libyan revolution broke out,
and my family was on the front lines.
and my family was on the front lines.
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2011年利比亞革命爆發，
我的家人就在前線。
我的家人就在前線。
07:21
And there's this amazing thing
that happens in war,
that happens in war,
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戰爭時發生了非常驚人的事情，
07:24
a cultural shift almost, very temporary.
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幾乎是一場文化上的轉變，
非常短暫。
非常短暫。
07:27
And it was the first time that I felt
it was not only acceptable
it was not only acceptable
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那是我第一次感受到，
我不僅被容許去參與，
我不僅被容許去參與，
07:30
for me to be involved,
but it was encouraged.
but it was encouraged.
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甚至是被鼓勵去參與。
07:33
It was demanded.
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是被要求的。
07:36
Myself and other women
had a seat at the table.
had a seat at the table.
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我自己還有其他女性，
在圓桌擁有一席之地。
在圓桌擁有一席之地。
07:39
We weren't holding hands or a medium.
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我們不是在那裡手牽手
或是當個中間人，
或是當個中間人，
07:42
We were part of decision making.
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我們參與了決策。
07:44
We were information sharing.
We were crucial.
We were crucial.
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我們分享資訊，我們是關鍵。
07:47
And I wanted and needed
for that change to be permanent.
for that change to be permanent.
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我想要而且需要那是永久的轉變。
07:54
Turns out, that's not that easy.
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結果並不如想像中的容易。
07:57
It only took a few weeks before the women
that I had previously worked with
that I had previously worked with
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才幾個星期，
這些和我一起工作的女性
就回到她們原本的角色，
就回到她們原本的角色，
08:01
were returning back
to their previous roles,
to their previous roles,
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而且她們大部分都是受到
08:04
and most of them were driven
by words of encouragement
by words of encouragement
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宗教與政治領袖的鼓勵，
08:07
from religious and political leaders,
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08:10
most of whom cited religious scripture
as their defense.
as their defense.
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這些人多半引用宗教經文
來為自己防禦。
來為自己防禦。
08:14
It's how they gained popular support
for their opinions.
for their opinions.
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他們就是用這種方法
取得大眾對他們的支持。
取得大眾對他們的支持。
08:19
So initially, I focused on the economic
and political empowerment of women.
and political empowerment of women.
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因此，剛開始我致力於賦予女性
政治與經濟上的權力。
政治與經濟上的權力。
08:24
I thought that would lead
to cultural and social change.
to cultural and social change.
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我以為這樣會帶動
文化與社會上的轉變。
文化與社會上的轉變。
08:27
It turns out, it does a little,
but not a lot.
but not a lot.
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結果是有一點影響，但是不多。
08:32
I decided to use
their defense as my offense,
their defense as my offense,
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我決定拿他們的防禦工具
來做為我的進攻工具。
來做為我的進攻工具。
08:36
and I began to cite and highlight
Islamic scripture as well.
Islamic scripture as well.
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我也開始引述和強調伊斯蘭經文。
08:41
In 2012 and 2013, my organization
led the single largest
led the single largest
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在2012年和2013年，
我的組織發動了
我的組織發動了
08:45
and most widespread
campaign in Libya.
campaign in Libya.
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利比亞最大、範圍也最廣的運動。
08:48
We entered homes and schools
and universities, even mosques.
and universities, even mosques.
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我們進入家庭與學校和大學，
甚至清真寺。
甚至清真寺。
08:52
We spoke to 50,000 people directly,
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我們直接與五萬人對話，
08:55
and hundreds of thousands more through
billboards and television commercials,
billboards and television commercials,
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還透過大型看板和電視廣告，
以及廣播與海報去接觸更多人。
08:59
radio commercials and posters.
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09:02
And you're probably wondering how
a women's rights organization
a women's rights organization
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你可能會想，一個女權組織
怎麼能在那些以前光是
對我們的存在就很反感的社區
對我們的存在就很反感的社區
09:05
was able to do this in communities
which had previously opposed
which had previously opposed
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09:08
our sheer existence.
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進行這些事情。
09:11
I used scripture.
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我用經文。
09:14
I used verses from the Quran
and sayings of the Prophet,
and sayings of the Prophet,
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我用古蘭經文與先知的聖訓，
09:19
Hadiths, his sayings which
are, for example,
are, for example,
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先知說過的話，例如，
「你們之中最好的人是
最善待家人的人。」
最善待家人的人。」
09:23
"The best of you is the best
to their family."
to their family."
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09:26
"Do not let your brother oppress another."
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「不要讓你的兄弟壓迫他人。」
09:30
For the first time, Friday sermons
led by local community imams
led by local community imams
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第一次，由當地社區伊瑪目
所帶領的週五講道，
所帶領的週五講道，
09:35
promoted the rights of women.
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提倡了女性的人權。
09:38
They discussed taboo issues,
like domestic violence.
like domestic violence.
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他們討論了像是家庭暴力
這一類的禁忌話題。
這一類的禁忌話題。
09:42
Policies were changed.
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政策改變了。
09:46
In certain communities,
we actually had to go as far
we actually had to go as far
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在某些社區，我們甚至必須提到
09:49
as saying the International
Human Rights Declaration,
Human Rights Declaration,
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國際人權宣言，
你們反對，
因為不是宗教學家寫的，
因為不是宗教學家寫的，
09:53
which you opposed because it wasn't
written by religious scholars,
written by religious scholars,
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09:57
well, those same principles
are in our book.
are in our book.
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但其實我們的書上有同樣的原則。
10:01
So really, the United Nations
just copied us.
just copied us.
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所以實際上，聯合國是抄我們的。
10:07
By changing the message,
we were able to provide
we were able to provide
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藉著訊息的轉變，
我們得以提供另一種敘事角度，
提倡利比亞的女權。
提倡利比亞的女權。
10:10
an alternative narrative which promoted
the rights of women in Libya.
the rights of women in Libya.
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10:15
It's something that has now
been replicated internationally,
been replicated internationally,
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這樣的方式現在開始
在國際上被複製。
在國際上被複製。
10:20
and while I am not saying it's easy --
believe me, it's not.
believe me, it's not.
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我不是在說這有多容易 ──
相信我，一點也不容易。
相信我，一點也不容易。
10:24
Liberals will say you're using religion
and call you a bad conservative.
and call you a bad conservative.
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自由派會說你是在利用宗教，
然後說你是糟糕的保守派。
然後說你是糟糕的保守派。
10:28
Conservatives will call you
a lot of colorful things.
a lot of colorful things.
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保守派又有其他
各式各樣的說詞來罵你。
各式各樣的說詞來罵你。
10:31
I've heard everything from, "Your parents
must be extremely ashamed of you" --
must be extremely ashamed of you" --
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我什麼都聽過，
從「你的父母一定非常以你為恥」──
從「你的父母一定非常以你為恥」──
10:35
false; they're my biggest fans --
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錯，他們是我的頭號粉絲 ──
10:38
to "You will not make it
to your next birthday" --
to your next birthday" --
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到「你不會活過下一個生日」──
10:40
again wrong, because I did.
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又錯了，因為我過了。
10:44
And I remain
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而我一直堅信，
10:46
a very strong believer that women's rights
and religion are not mutually exclusive.
and religion are not mutually exclusive.
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女權與宗教並非互相排斥。
10:54
But we have to be at the table.
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但是我們必須在圓桌上
擁有一席之地。
擁有一席之地。
10:57
We have to stop giving up our position,
because by remaining silent,
because by remaining silent,
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我們必須停止放棄自己的地位，
因為如果繼續沉默，
因為如果繼續沉默，
11:01
we allow for the continued persecution
and abuse of women worldwide.
and abuse of women worldwide.
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我們就是容許全世界
繼續迫害和虐待女性。
繼續迫害和虐待女性。
11:07
By saying that we're going
to fight for women's rights
to fight for women's rights
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藉由宣示我們要爭取女權，
11:10
and fight extremism
with bombs and warfare,
with bombs and warfare,
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打擊使用炸彈、發動戰爭的
極端主義者，
極端主義者，
11:14
we completely cripple local societies
which need to address these issues
which need to address these issues
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我們就能完全癱瘓那些
要藉由強調這類議題，
要藉由強調這類議題，
11:18
so that they're sustainable.
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才能繼續生存的地方社群。
11:23
It is not easy, challenging
distorted religious messaging.
distorted religious messaging.
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這並不容易，
去挑戰扭曲的宗教訊息。
去挑戰扭曲的宗教訊息。
11:28
You will have your fair share
of insults and ridicule and threats.
of insults and ridicule and threats.
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你會碰到很多的侮辱、
嘲諷和威脅。
嘲諷和威脅。
11:34
But we have to do it.
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但是這是我們必須做的。
11:36
We have no other option than to reclaim
the message of human rights,
the message of human rights,
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我們別無選擇，
必須收復人權的訊息溝通，
必須收復人權的訊息溝通，
11:40
the principles of our faith,
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我們信仰的原則，
11:43
not for us, not for
the women in your families,
the women in your families,
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不是為了我們，
不是為了你家中的女性，
不是為了你家中的女性，
11:46
not for the women in this room,
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不是為了這間講廳裡的女性，
11:48
not even for the women out there,
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甚至不是為了社會上的女性，
11:51
but for societies
that would be transformed
that would be transformed
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而是為了一個由於女性的參與
而轉變的社會。
11:54
with the participation of women.
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11:57
And the only way we can do that,
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我們唯一能用的方法，
12:00
our only option,
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我們的唯一選擇，
12:02
is to be, and remain, at the table.
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就是在圓桌上、持續的、
擁有一席之地。
擁有一席之地。
12:05
Thank you.
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謝謝你們。
（掌聲）
12:08
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alaa Murabit - Peace expertAlaa Murabit champions women’s participation in peace processes and conflict mediation.
Why you should listen
Alaa Murabit's family moved from Canada to Libya when she was 15. Brought up in a Muslim household where she was equal to her brothers, she was shocked to see how women were viewed and treated in her new country. She enrolled in medical school, but felt frustrated by the gender discrimination she experienced.
During her fifth year in med school, the Libyan Revolution broke out. Murabit was invigorated by how women were embraced as decision-makers in the movement. She founded The Voice of Libyan Women (VLW) to focus on challenging societal and cultural norms to make that the case all the time. Many VLW programs -- like the Noor Campaign, which uses Islamic teaching to combat violence against women -- have been replicated internationally.
Murabit is an advisor to many international security boards, think tanks and organizations, including the UN Women Global Civil Society Advisory Group and Harvard’s Everywoman Everywhere Coalition. An Ashoka Fellow, Murabit was a Trust Women Hero Award Winner in 2013.
Alaa Murabit | Speaker | TED.com