TEDSummit
Isaac Lidsky: What reality are you creating for yourself?
艾萨克·利德斯基: 你在为自己创造着怎样的现实？
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Readability: 4.3
3,193,473 views
现实不是一种认知；它是你内心的一种创造物。艾萨克·利德斯基亲身学会了这重要的一课，在突如其来的人生境况中收获了这宝贵的见解。在这个自省的、个人的演讲中，他激发我们去放弃借口、假设和恐惧，并接受成为自身现实创造者所带来的重大责任。
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When Dorothy was a little girl,
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当多萝西还是一个小女孩的时候，
00:14
she was fascinated by her goldfish.
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她被她的金鱼迷住了。
00:17
Her father explained to her that fish swim
by quickly wagging their tails
by quickly wagging their tails
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她的父亲向她解释，
鱼是通过快速摇尾
鱼是通过快速摇尾
00:20
to propel themselves through the water.
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推动自己在水中前进。
00:23
Without hesitation,
little Dorothy responded,
little Dorothy responded,
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毫无犹豫地，小多萝西回答道，
00:25
"Yes, Daddy, and fish swim backwards
by wagging their heads."
by wagging their heads."
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“是的，爸爸，而且鱼会通过摇头来后退。”
00:28
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:30
In her mind, it was a fact
as true as any other.
as true as any other.
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在她的心里，这是一个确切的事实。
00:32
Fish swim backwards
by wagging their heads.
by wagging their heads.
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鱼通过摇头来后退。
00:35
She believed it.
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她坚信如此。
00:37
Our lives are full
of fish swimming backwards.
of fish swimming backwards.
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我们的生活中充满着倒游的鱼。
00:40
We make assumptions
and faulty leaps of logic.
and faulty leaps of logic.
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我们制造假设和错误跳跃的逻辑。
00:42
We harbor bias.
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我们心怀偏见。
00:44
We know that we are right,
and they are wrong.
and they are wrong.
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我们知道我们是对的，而他们是错的。
00:46
We fear the worst.
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我们害怕最糟糕的。
00:48
We strive for unattainable perfection.
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我们力求无法获得的完美。
00:50
We tell ourselves
what we can and cannot do.
what we can and cannot do.
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我们告诉自己什么是我们能做的和不能做的。
00:53
In our minds, fish swim by in reverse
frantically wagging their heads
frantically wagging their heads
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在我们心里，鱼是通过
往相反方向疯狂摇头来游泳的，
往相反方向疯狂摇头来游泳的，
00:58
and we don't even notice them.
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而我们甚至不曾察觉过它们。
01:01
I'm going to tell you
five facts about myself.
five facts about myself.
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我想告诉你们五件关于我的事实。
01:03
One fact is not true.
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其中有一件不是真的。
01:05
One: I graduated from Harvard at 19
with an honors degree in mathematics.
with an honors degree in mathematics.
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第一：我19岁的时候以数学
荣誉学士学位毕业于哈佛大学。
荣誉学士学位毕业于哈佛大学。
01:11
Two: I currently run
a construction company in Orlando.
a construction company in Orlando.
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第二：我现在在奥兰多
经营着一家建筑公司。
经营着一家建筑公司。
01:16
Three: I starred on a television sitcom.
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第三：我主演过一部电视情景剧。
01:21
Four: I lost my sight
to a rare genetic eye disease.
to a rare genetic eye disease.
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第四：我因为患上一种罕有的
遗传性眼疾而失去了视力。
遗传性眼疾而失去了视力。
01:26
Five: I served as a law clerk
to two US Supreme Court justices.
to two US Supreme Court justices.
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第五：我曾经给两位美国
最高法院的法官当过法律助手。
最高法院的法官当过法律助手。
01:32
Which fact is not true?
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哪一个不是真的呢？
01:35
Actually, they're all true.
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事实上，它们都是真的。
01:38
Yeah. They're all true.
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是的，它们都是真的。
01:40
(Applause)
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（掌声）
01:44
At this point, most people really
only care about the television show.
only care about the television show.
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这时候，大部分人其实都只关心那部电视剧。
01:48
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:51
I know this from experience.
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这是经验告诉我的。
01:54
OK, so the show was NBC's
"Saved by the Bell: The New Class."
"Saved by the Bell: The New Class."
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好吧，那部电视剧是NBC的
“Saved by the Bell: The New Class."
“Saved by the Bell: The New Class."
01:57
And I played Weasel Wyzell,
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而我饰演了Weasel Wyzell，
02:02
who was the sort of dorky,
nerdy character on the show,
nerdy character on the show,
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一个在剧中带点笨拙书呆子性格的角色，
02:06
which made it a very
major acting challenge
major acting challenge
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对于13岁的我来说，
02:11
for me as a 13-year-old boy.
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这是一个很重大的演出挑战。
02:12
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:15
Now, did you struggle
with number four, my blindness?
with number four, my blindness?
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现在，你是否纠结于第四个事实，我的失明？
02:19
Why is that?
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为什么会这样呢？
02:21
We make assumptions
about so-called disabilities.
about so-called disabilities.
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我们对所谓的残疾做出一些假设。
02:24
As a blind man, I confront
others' incorrect assumptions
others' incorrect assumptions
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作为盲人，我每天都面对
02:27
about my abilities every day.
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别人对我能力的错误假设。
然而，我今天的重点不在于我的失明。
02:30
My point today is not
about my blindness, however.
about my blindness, however.
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02:33
It's about my vision.
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而是在于我的视野。
02:35
Going blind taught me
to live my life eyes wide open.
to live my life eyes wide open.
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失明教会我用开阔的眼界去生活。
02:40
It taught me to spot
those backwards-swimming fish
those backwards-swimming fish
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它教会我去发现那些倒游的鱼，
02:42
that our minds create.
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我们内心创造出来的鱼。
02:44
Going blind cast them into focus.
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失明使它们变成了焦点。
02:47
What does it feel like to see?
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看得见是怎么样的一种感觉？
02:50
It's immediate and passive.
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是即时并且被动的。
02:52
You open your eyes and there's the world.
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你睁开双眼，世界就在你眼前。
02:54
Seeing is believing. Sight is truth.
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看见什么相信什么。眼见为实。
02:57
Right?
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对吧？
02:59
Well, that's what I thought.
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好吧，我当初是这么想的。
03:01
Then, from age 12 to 25,
my retinas progressively deteriorated.
my retinas progressively deteriorated.
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接着，从12岁到15岁，
我的视网膜逐渐衰弱。
我的视网膜逐渐衰弱。
03:07
My sight became an increasingly bizarre
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我的视像变成了愈加奇异的
03:10
carnival funhouse hall
of mirrors and illusions.
of mirrors and illusions.
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嘉年华游乐场里的哈哈镜。
03:13
The salesperson I was relieved
to spot in a store
to spot in a store
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我在商店里好不容易发现的销售员
03:16
was really a mannequin.
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实际上是一个人体模型。
03:17
Reaching down to wash my hands,
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俯下身去洗手，
03:19
I suddenly saw it was
a urinal I was touching, not a sink,
a urinal I was touching, not a sink,
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当我的手指感受到它的真实形状，
03:22
when my fingers felt its true shape.
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我意识到我去触摸的是小便池，
而不是洗手池。
而不是洗手池。
03:25
A friend described
the photograph in my hand,
the photograph in my hand,
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一位朋友向我描述我手中的照片，
03:27
and only then I could see
the image depicted.
the image depicted.
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只有在那时候我才能明白图像描画了些什么。
03:30
Objects appeared, morphed
and disappeared in my reality.
and disappeared in my reality.
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物体在我的现实中出现、变形和消失。
03:36
It was difficult and exhausting to see.
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看见成为了一件困难的使我筋疲力尽的事情。
03:39
I pieced together fragmented,
transitory images,
transitory images,
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我把支离破碎的、片刻的图像拼接起来，
03:42
consciously analyzed the clues,
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凭感觉分析线索，
03:44
searched for some logic
in my crumbling kaleidoscope,
in my crumbling kaleidoscope,
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在我破碎的万花筒中寻找符合逻辑的对应，
03:48
until I saw nothing at all.
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直到我什么都看不见。
03:51
I learned that what we see
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我认识到我们所看到的
03:53
is not universal truth.
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并不即是普遍真理。
03:56
It is not objective reality.
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并不是客观现实。
04:00
What we see is a unique,
personal, virtual reality
personal, virtual reality
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我们所看到的是独一无二的虚拟现实，
04:04
that is masterfully
constructed by our brain.
constructed by our brain.
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它是由我们的大脑巧妙地构造出来的。
04:07
Let me explain with a bit
of amateur neuroscience.
of amateur neuroscience.
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请让我以外行的身份解释一遍神经系统学。
04:09
Your visual cortex takes up
about 30 percent of your brain.
about 30 percent of your brain.
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你的视觉皮层占据了你脑部的大概30%。
04:13
That's compared to approximately
eight percent for touch
eight percent for touch
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相比于触觉的8%
04:17
and two to three percent for hearing.
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以及听觉的2-3%。
04:19
Every second, your eyes
can send your visual cortex
can send your visual cortex
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每一秒钟，你的双眼能够
向你的视觉皮层传达
向你的视觉皮层传达
04:23
as many as two billion
pieces of information.
pieces of information.
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多达二十亿的信息片段。
04:26
The rest of your body can send your brain
only an additional billion.
only an additional billion.
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其余的身体部分加起来也仅能够传达另外的十亿。
04:30
So sight is one third
of your brain by volume
of your brain by volume
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所以视觉占据了你脑部容量的三分之一
04:34
and can claim about two thirds
of your brain's processing resources.
of your brain's processing resources.
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并且占用了你脑部中三分之二的信息处理资源。
04:39
It's no surprise then
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因此意想得到的是
04:40
that the illusion
of sight is so compelling.
of sight is so compelling.
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视觉幻象是多么的令人信服。
04:42
But make no mistake about it:
sight is an illusion.
sight is an illusion.
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但是别误会了：
我们所看到的只是一种幻象。
我们所看到的只是一种幻象。
04:45
Here's where it gets interesting.
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这是事情变得有趣的地方。
04:47
To create the experience of sight,
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为了制造视觉经验，
04:49
your brain references your conceptual
understanding of the world,
understanding of the world,
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你的大脑参考了你对这个世界的概念性理解，
04:53
other knowledge, your memories,
opinions, emotions, mental attention.
opinions, emotions, mental attention.
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其它知识、你的记忆、
看法、情绪和心理关注。
看法、情绪和心理关注。
04:57
All of these things and far more
are linked in your brain to your sight.
are linked in your brain to your sight.
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所有的这些东西和以及其它的
都连结于你的大脑和视觉景象之间。
都连结于你的大脑和视觉景象之间。
05:03
These linkages work both ways,
and usually occur subconsciously.
and usually occur subconsciously.
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这些连结是双向作用的，
并且常常在潜意识中发生。
并且常常在潜意识中发生。
05:06
So for example,
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举例子来说，
05:08
what you see impacts how you feel,
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你所看到的会影响到你的感觉，
05:10
and the way you feel
can literally change what you see.
can literally change what you see.
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而你的感觉又能够直接改变你所看到的。
05:14
Numerous studies demonstrate this.
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许多的研究证明了这一点。
05:16
If you are asked to estimate
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如果你被要求去估计
05:18
the walking speed of a man
in a video, for example,
in a video, for example,
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视频中人物的行走速度，举例来说，
05:21
your answer will be different if you're
told to think about cheetahs or turtles.
told to think about cheetahs or turtles.
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在被告知去想着猎豹或者乌龟的情况下，
你的答案将会不一样。
你的答案将会不一样。
05:27
A hill appears steeper
if you've just exercised,
if you've just exercised,
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如果你刚刚运动完，你会感觉山变陡峭了，
05:30
and a landmark appears farther away
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如果你背着一个很重的背包，
05:32
if you're wearing a heavy backpack.
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眼前的目的地看起来距离更远。
05:35
We have arrived
at a fundamental contradiction.
at a fundamental contradiction.
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我们在这里遇到了一种基本的矛盾。
05:40
What you see is a complex
mental construction of your own making,
mental construction of your own making,
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你肉眼所看到的东西
是你自己创造的一种复杂的心智建造，
是你自己创造的一种复杂的心智建造，
05:44
but you experience it passively
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但是你被动地经历着它
05:46
as a direct representation
of the world around you.
of the world around you.
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让它作为你周遭世界的一种直接呈现。
05:49
You create your own reality,
and you believe it.
and you believe it.
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你创造了属于你自己的现实并且深信着它。
05:53
I believed mine until it broke apart.
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我深信于我的现实直到它瓦解了。
05:56
The deterioration of my eyes
shattered the illusion.
shattered the illusion.
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我双眼的衰退粉碎了这种幻象。
06:00
You see, sight is just one way
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你看，视觉只是我们
06:03
we shape our reality.
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认识世界的一种途径。
06:05
We create our own realities
in many other ways.
in many other ways.
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我们可以通过许多其它的方式
去创造属于我们自己的现实。
去创造属于我们自己的现实。
06:09
Let's take fear as just one example.
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让我们来举恐惧作为一个例子。
06:13
Your fears distort your reality.
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你的恐惧扭曲了你的现实。
06:17
Under the warped logic of fear,
anything is better than the uncertain.
anything is better than the uncertain.
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在扭曲的恐惧逻辑影响下，
任何事情都比未知要好。
任何事情都比未知要好。
06:22
Fear fills the void at all costs,
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恐惧不惜一切代价填补空白，
06:24
passing off what you dread
for what you know,
for what you know,
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把你所惧怕的冒充成你所知道的，
06:26
offering up the worst
in place of the ambiguous,
in place of the ambiguous,
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让最糟糕取代了不明确，
06:29
substituting assumption for reason.
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使假设代替了原因。
06:32
Psychologists have
a great term for it: awfulizing.
a great term for it: awfulizing.
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心理学家对此有一个
很好的术语：往坏处想。
很好的术语：往坏处想。
06:34
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
06:36
Right?
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对吧？
06:37
Fear replaces the unknown with the awful.
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恐惧把未知的替换成了可怕的。
06:42
Now, fear is self-realizing.
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现在，恐惧在自我实现着。
06:44
When you face the greatest need
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当你非常迫切的需要
06:45
to look outside yourself
and think critically,
and think critically,
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去客观看待自己并进行批判性思考的时候，
06:48
fear beats a retreat
deep inside your mind,
deep inside your mind,
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恐惧在你的内心深处打起了退堂鼓，
06:51
shrinking and distorting your view,
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收缩并扭曲你的观点，
06:53
drowning your capacity
for critical thought
for critical thought
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以洪水般涌现的破坏性情绪
06:55
with a flood of disruptive emotions.
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淹没你批判思考的能力。
06:57
When you face a compelling
opportunity to take action,
opportunity to take action,
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当你面对一个极具吸引力的机会去采取行动时，
07:00
fear lulls you into inaction,
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恐惧误导你去无所作为，
07:03
enticing you to passively watch
its prophecies fulfill themselves.
its prophecies fulfill themselves.
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诱使你被动地看着它的预言一个个实现成真。
07:09
When I was diagnosed
with my blinding disease,
with my blinding disease,
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当我被诊出患有致盲眼疾时，
07:12
I knew blindness would ruin my life.
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我料到失明将会毁了我的生活。
07:16
Blindness was a death sentence
for my independence.
for my independence.
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失明对我的独立能力判了死刑。
07:19
It was the end of achievement for me.
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它是我一生成就的终点。
07:22
Blindness meant I would live
an unremarkable life,
an unremarkable life,
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失明意味着我将度过平凡的一生，
07:26
small and sad,
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渺小且凄惨，
07:28
and likely alone.
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极有可能孤独终老。
07:30
I knew it.
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我就知道会这样。
07:33
This was a fiction born of my fears,
but I believed it.
but I believed it.
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这是我因为恐惧带来的胡编乱造，但我相信了。
07:36
It was a lie, but it was my reality,
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它是一个谎言，但它曾是我的现实。
07:39
just like those backwards-swimming fish
in little Dorothy's mind.
in little Dorothy's mind.
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就像小多萝西内心那些倒游的鱼一样。
07:43
If I had not confronted
the reality of my fear,
the reality of my fear,
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如若我不曾面对过我内心恐惧创造出来的现实，
07:46
I would have lived it.
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我会就那样活着。
07:48
I am certain of that.
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我很确定。
07:51
So how do you live your life
eyes wide open?
eyes wide open?
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所以你们如何去以开阔的眼界生活呢？
07:55
It is a learned discipline.
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这是一个需要学习的学科。
07:57
It can be taught. It can be practiced.
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它能被传授。它能被练习。
08:00
I will summarize very briefly.
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我简单地总结一下。
08:03
Hold yourself accountable
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让自己学会负责，
08:05
for every moment, every thought,
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对每一时刻，每个想法，
08:08
every detail.
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每个细节。
08:10
See beyond your fears.
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超越你内心的恐惧。
08:11
Recognize your assumptions.
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识别出你所作的假设。
08:13
Harness your internal strength.
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展现你内在的能力。
08:15
Silence your internal critic.
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消除你内心的批判。
08:17
Correct your misconceptions
about luck and about success.
about luck and about success.
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修正你对于运气和成功的错误概念。
08:21
Accept your strengths and your weaknesses,
and understand the difference.
and understand the difference.
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接受自己的长处和短处，
并清楚认识它们之间的区别。
并清楚认识它们之间的区别。
08:25
Open your hearts
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打开你的心扉
08:26
to your bountiful blessings.
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去迎接对你满满的祝福。
08:29
Your fears, your critics,
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你的恐惧，你的批判，
08:31
your heroes, your villains --
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你的英雄，你的敌人——
08:33
they are your excuses,
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他们都是你的借口、
08:36
rationalizations, shortcuts,
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合理化作用、捷径、
08:39
justifications, your surrender.
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辩护、屈服。
08:42
They are fictions you perceive as reality.
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它们是你错认为现实的小说。
08:46
Choose to see through them.
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尝试选择看穿它们。
08:47
Choose to let them go.
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尝试让它们远离自己。
08:50
You are the creator of your reality.
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你是自我现实的创造者。
08:54
With that empowerment
comes complete responsibility.
comes complete responsibility.
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伴随这种权利而来的是你需要负起全部的责任。
08:58
I chose to step out of fear's tunnel
into terrain uncharted and undefined.
into terrain uncharted and undefined.
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我选择走出恐惧的隧道，
步入了未知的领域。
步入了未知的领域。
09:04
I chose to build there a blessed life.
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我选择在那里构建幸福的人生。
09:08
Far from alone,
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远离孤单，
09:09
I share my beautiful life with Dorothy,
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我分享我的美好生活，与多萝西，
09:12
my beautiful wife,
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我美丽的妻子，
09:14
with our triplets,
whom we call the Tripskys,
whom we call the Tripskys,
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与我们的三胞胎，
我们称之为“Tripskys”，
我们称之为“Tripskys”，
09:18
and with the latest addition
to the family,
to the family,
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还有新添的家庭成员，
09:20
sweet baby Clementine.
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可爱的宝贝克莱蒙蒂。
09:22
What do you fear?
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你在害怕什么？
09:25
What lies do you tell yourself?
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你在欺骗自己什么？
09:28
How do you embellish your truth
and write your own fictions?
and write your own fictions?
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你是如何修饰自己的真相，
编写自己的小说？
编写自己的小说？
09:32
What reality are you
creating for yourself?
creating for yourself?
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你在为自己创造着怎么样的现实？
09:36
In your career and personal life,
in your relationships,
in your relationships,
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在你的职业生涯和个人生活中，
在你的人际关系中，
在你的人际关系中，
09:39
and in your heart and soul,
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在你的内心和灵魂中，
09:41
your backwards-swimming fish
do you great harm.
do you great harm.
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倒游的鱼给你带来巨大的伤害。
09:44
They exact a toll in missed opportunities
and unrealized potential,
and unrealized potential,
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它们使你为错失的机会以及尚未实现的潜能付出代价。
09:49
and they engender insecurity and distrust
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它们在你寻求满足与联系时
09:51
where you seek fulfillment and connection.
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引起你的不安以及不信任。
09:55
I urge you to search them out.
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我呼吁大家把它们找出来。
09:59
Helen Keller said that the only thing
worse than being blind
worse than being blind
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海伦·凯勒曾说过，
唯一比失明更糟糕的是
唯一比失明更糟糕的是
10:03
is having sight but no vision.
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拥有视力，却没有远见。
10:06
For me, going blind
was a profound blessing,
was a profound blessing,
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失明对我来说是一种深深的祝福，
10:10
because blindness gave me vision.
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因为失明给予了我远见。
10:13
I hope you can see what I see.
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我衷心希望你们也能看见我所看见的。
10:16
Thank you.
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谢谢。
10:17
(Applause)
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（掌声）
10:32
Bruno Giussani: Isaac, before you
leave the stage, just a question.
leave the stage, just a question.
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布鲁诺·朱萨尼：艾萨克，
在你离开之前，我想问一个问题。
在你离开之前，我想问一个问题。
10:35
This is an audience of entrepreneurs,
of doers, of innovators.
of doers, of innovators.
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在座的各位都是
创业者、实干家、创新者。
创业者、实干家、创新者。
10:39
You are a CEO of a company
down in Florida,
down in Florida,
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你是佛罗里达一家公司的执行总裁，
10:43
and many are probably wondering,
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很多人大概都会好奇，
10:45
how is it to be a blind CEO?
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身为一名失明的执行总裁究竟是怎么样的呢？
10:47
What kind of specific challenges
do you have, and how do you overcome them?
do you have, and how do you overcome them?
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这使你面临哪些具体的挑战，
而你又是怎么克服它们的呢？
而你又是怎么克服它们的呢？
10:51
Isaac Lidsky: Well,
the biggest challenge became a blessing.
the biggest challenge became a blessing.
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艾萨克·利德斯基：好吧，
最大的挑战成了一种祝福。
最大的挑战成了一种祝福。
10:54
I don't get visual feedback from people.
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我看不到别人的反应。
10:57
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
11:00
BG: What's that noise there? IL: Yeah.
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布：有什么声音在哪里吗？
11:02
So, for example,
in my leadership team meetings,
in my leadership team meetings,
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艾：是的。比如说在我的领导团队的会议中，
11:05
I don't see facial
expressions or gestures.
expressions or gestures.
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我无法看到别人的表情或者手势。
11:09
I've learned to solicit
a lot more verbal feedback.
a lot more verbal feedback.
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我学会去征求更多的言语反馈。
11:13
I basically force people
to tell me what they think.
to tell me what they think.
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我基本都要求人们把他们的想法告诉我。
11:18
And in this respect,
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正因如此，
11:19
it's become, like I said, a real blessing
for me personally and for my company,
for me personally and for my company,
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它成为了，如我所说，对我个人
还有我公司的一种真正的祝福。
还有我公司的一种真正的祝福。
11:24
because we communicate
at a far deeper level,
at a far deeper level,
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因为我们获得了更深层次的沟通。
11:27
we avoid ambiguities,
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我们避免了歧义，
11:30
and most important, my team knows
that what they think truly matters.
that what they think truly matters.
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还有更重要的，我的团队清楚
知道他们的想法是真的要紧的。
知道他们的想法是真的要紧的。
11:38
BG: Isaac, thank you for coming to TED.
IL: Thank you, Bruno.
IL: Thank you, Bruno.
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布：艾萨克，感谢你来到了TED。
艾：谢谢你，布鲁诺。
艾：谢谢你，布鲁诺。
11:41
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Isaac Lidsky - Author, entrepreneurIsaac Lidsky has a very eclectic resume.
Why you should listen
Lidsky runs a big construction services company based in Florida, has co-founded an Internet startup and a nonprofit and is a member of the Young Presidents’ Organization (YPO). He graduated in math and computer science from Harvard and then added a law degree magna cum laude from the same university, clerked for US Supreme Court Justices Sandra Day O’Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg and argued a dozen cases in federal court on behalf of the US Justice Department, not losing any. Earlier, he was a child television star in both commercials and series.
Lidsky's rich biography disguises a secret, which can be summarized in the title of his forthcoming book Eyes Wide Open: Overcoming Obstacles and Recognizing Opportunities In A World That Can’t See Clearly.
Isaac Lidsky | Speaker | TED.com