TEDWomen 2016
Sharon Brous: It's time to reclaim religion
莎朗·布羅斯: 是時候重新定義信仰了
Filmed:
Readability: 4.3
1,391,871 views
在世界即將失去控制的邊緣時刻，宗教信仰看似與這件事無關——或是問題的一部分。但拉比莎朗·布羅斯 (Sharon Brous) 認為，我們可以改造宗教使其適應時代的潮流。在這個充滿激情的演講中，莎朗與我們分享復興宗教的四個原則，讓對暴力、極端主義和悲觀主義者產生麻木感的人，重拾信仰的信心。
Sharon Brous - Rabbi
Rabbi Sharon Brous is a leading voice in reanimating religious life in America, working to develop a spiritual roadmap for soulful, multi-faith justice work. Full bio
Rabbi Sharon Brous is a leading voice in reanimating religious life in America, working to develop a spiritual roadmap for soulful, multi-faith justice work. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I was a new mother
0
960
2216
在 2004 年的春天，
我成為一位新手媽媽，
00:15
and a young rabbi
1
3200
1256
也成為一位年輕的拉比，
00:16
in the spring of 2004
2
4480
1856
00:18
and the world was in shambles.
3
6360
2240
而當時全球正處於動盪不安的局勢。
00:21
Maybe you remember.
4
9240
1256
各位可能還記得，
00:22
Every day, we heard devastating reports
from the war in Iraq.
from the war in Iraq.
5
10520
3136
我們每天都會聽到
伊拉克戰爭的災難報導，
伊拉克戰爭的災難報導，
00:25
There were waves of terror
rolling across the globe.
rolling across the globe.
6
13680
3856
以及全球一波又一波的恐怖攻擊。
00:29
It seemed like humanity
was spinning out of control.
was spinning out of control.
7
17560
2680
似乎人性已經失去了控制。
00:33
I remember the night that I read
8
21000
1856
我仍記得那天晚上
00:34
about the series of coordinated bombings
9
22880
2136
當我讀到在馬德里的地鐵系統
00:37
in the subway system in Madrid,
10
25040
2696
發生的連環爆炸案時，
00:39
and I got up and I walked over to the crib
11
27760
2056
我起床走向
00:41
where my six-month-old baby girl
12
29840
2416
六個月大寶貝女兒的嬰兒床邊，
00:44
lay sleeping sweetly,
13
32280
1856
當時她睡的很香甜，
00:46
and I heard the rhythm of her breath,
14
34160
2336
聽著她呼吸的節奏……
00:48
and I felt this sense of urgency
coursing through my body.
coursing through my body.
15
36520
3576
身上感受到的卻是一股急迫感。
00:52
We were living through a time
of tectonic shifts in ideologies,
of tectonic shifts in ideologies,
16
40120
4056
我們當時生活在
意識形態的結構轉變期，
意識形態的結構轉變期，
00:56
in politics, in religion, in populations.
17
44200
2656
無論是在政治、宗教還是人口方面。
00:58
Everything felt so precarious.
18
46880
2080
每件事感覺都那麼的不穩定。
01:01
And I remember thinking,
19
49480
1256
我記得當時在想，
01:02
"My God, what kind of world
did we bring this child into?
did we bring this child into?
20
50760
3600
「我的天啊！我們把這孩子
帶到什麼樣的世界啊？」
帶到什麼樣的世界啊？」
01:06
And what was I as a mother
and a religious leader
and a religious leader
21
54960
3056
「而身為一位母親與宗教領袖的我，
01:10
willing to do about it?
22
58040
1520
願意貢獻出些什麼呢？」
01:14
Of course, I knew it was clear
23
62840
2776
當然，我知道，
01:17
that religion would be
a principle battlefield
a principle battlefield
24
65640
2896
宗教是這個快速變化的
國際情勢裡的主戰場，
01:20
in this rapidly changing landscape,
25
68560
2456
01:23
and it was already clear
26
71040
1696
大家都明白，
01:24
that religion was a significant
part of the problem.
part of the problem.
27
72760
2720
宗教就是問題的重要部分。
01:28
The question for me was,
28
76120
1256
而我的疑問是：
01:29
could religion
also be part of the solution?
also be part of the solution?
29
77400
2480
宗教有沒有可能也是
解決問題的辦法之一？
解決問題的辦法之一？
01:32
Now, throughout history,
30
80480
1616
綜觀歷史，
01:34
people have committed
horrible crimes and atrocities
horrible crimes and atrocities
31
82120
3216
人們以宗教之名
犯下了很多恐怖的暴力事蹟。
01:37
in the name of religion.
32
85360
1640
01:40
And as we entered the 21st century,
33
88160
2456
而當我們來到了 21 世紀，
01:42
it was very clear that religious extremism
was once again on the rise.
was once again on the rise.
34
90640
4720
宗教極端主義又開始盛行了。
01:47
Our studies now show
35
95760
1256
我們的研究顯示，
01:49
that over the course
of the past 15, 20 years,
of the past 15, 20 years,
36
97040
3256
在過去的 15~20 年，
01:52
hostilities and religion-related violence
37
100320
2136
與敵對及信仰有關的暴力事件
01:54
have been on the increase
all over the world.
all over the world.
38
102480
2936
在全球各地都有增加的趨勢。
01:57
But we don't even need
the studies to prove it,
the studies to prove it,
39
105440
2256
我們甚至不需要研究報告
就能證明這一切，
就能證明這一切，
01:59
because I ask you,
how many of us are surprised today
how many of us are surprised today
40
107720
3176
因為我來問一下就知道，
我們當中有多少人會感到驚訝，
我們當中有多少人會感到驚訝，
02:02
when we hear the stories
of a bombing or a shooting,
of a bombing or a shooting,
41
110920
3776
當我們聽到某起
炸彈攻擊或槍擊事件，
炸彈攻擊或槍擊事件，
02:06
when we later find out
that the last word that was uttered
that the last word that was uttered
42
114720
2816
那些惡徒在扣下板機
或引爆炸彈之前，
或引爆炸彈之前，
02:09
before the trigger is pulled
or the bomb is detonated
or the bomb is detonated
43
117560
2816
呼喊上帝之名？
02:12
is the name of God?
44
120400
1616
02:14
It barely raises an eyebrow today
45
122040
2656
現今這樣的訊息
已經吸引不了人們的關注了：
已經吸引不了人們的關注了：
02:16
when we learn that yet another person
46
124720
1936
當我們聽到一個人
02:18
has decided to show his love of God
47
126680
2536
藉著殺害上帝子民的性命
02:21
by taking the lives of God's children.
48
129240
2240
來展現他對上帝的愛戴。
02:24
In America, religious extremism
49
132680
2416
在美國，宗教極端主義者
02:27
looks like a white,
antiabortion Christian extremist
antiabortion Christian extremist
50
135120
4536
看起來像是一個反對墮胎的
白種極端基督教徒，
白種極端基督教徒，
02:31
walking into Planned Parenthood
in Colorado Springs
in Colorado Springs
51
139680
3216
走進科羅拉多州
溫泉市的計劃生育診所
溫泉市的計劃生育診所
02:34
and murdering three people.
52
142920
1856
謀殺了三個人。
02:36
It also looks like a couple
53
144800
2256
也像是一對夫妻
02:39
inspired by the Islamic State
54
147080
1816
受了伊斯蘭國的鼓動
02:40
walking into an office party
in San Bernardino and killing 14.
in San Bernardino and killing 14.
55
148920
4616
走進聖貝納迪諾的
辦公部門派對中殺掉 14 個人。
辦公部門派對中殺掉 14 個人。
02:45
And even when religion-related extremism
does not lead to violence,
does not lead to violence,
56
153560
4816
即使與信仰有關的極端主義
沒有導致暴力事件，
沒有導致暴力事件，
02:50
it is still used
as a political wedge issue,
as a political wedge issue,
57
158400
3016
但也經常成為政治操弄的議題工具，
02:53
cynically leading people
to justify the subordination of women,
to justify the subordination of women,
58
161440
4096
憤世嫉俗地誘導民眾去合理化
女性的從屬地位、
女性的從屬地位、
02:57
the stigmatization of LGBT people,
59
165560
2456
汙名化同性戀、雙性戀與跨性別者，
03:00
racism, Islamophobia and anti-Semitism.
60
168040
3600
鼓吹種族歧視、伊斯蘭恐懼症、
反猶太主義。
反猶太主義。
03:04
This ought to concern deeply
61
172320
2096
這些議題值得我們這些關心宗教、
03:06
those of us who care
about the future of religion
about the future of religion
62
174440
2936
關心信仰未來發展的人
03:09
and the future of faith.
63
177400
2216
做深度地探討。
03:11
We need to call this what it is:
64
179640
2376
我們可以稱這些現象為：
03:14
a great failure of religion.
65
182040
2160
信仰上的大失敗。
03:17
But the thing is, this isn't even the only
challenge that religion faces today.
challenge that religion faces today.
66
185120
4840
問題是，這並不是目前宗教
所面臨的唯一挑戰。
所面臨的唯一挑戰。
03:24
At the very same time
67
192040
1736
與此同時，
03:25
that we need religion
to be a strong force against extremism,
to be a strong force against extremism,
68
193800
3616
我們更需要宗教能成為一股
對抗極端主義的堅強力量，
對抗極端主義的堅強力量，
03:29
it is suffering
from a second pernicious trend,
from a second pernicious trend,
69
197440
3016
雖然它目前正遭受著
第二波毀滅的趨勢，
第二波毀滅的趨勢，
03:32
what I call religious routine-ism.
70
200480
2800
我稱之為「宗教例行化」。
03:35
This is when our institutions
and our leaders
and our leaders
71
203840
2576
這也是我們的機構和領導人
03:38
are stuck in a paradigm
that is rote and perfunctory,
that is rote and perfunctory,
72
206440
3776
被困在一個很草率、制式化、
03:42
devoid of life, devoid of vision
73
210240
2056
缺乏生命力、沒有願景、
03:44
and devoid of soul.
74
212320
1720
沒有靈魂的典型框架中。
03:46
Let me explain what I mean like this.
75
214520
2376
讓我來解釋一下我為什麽這樣說。
03:48
One of the great blessings
of being a rabbi
of being a rabbi
76
216920
2776
身為一位拉比，最開心的事就是，
03:51
is standing under the chuppah,
under the wedding canopy, with a couple,
under the wedding canopy, with a couple,
77
219720
4656
站在結婚禮棚下，為一對新婚夫妻
03:56
and helping them proclaim publicly
78
224400
2256
做結婚的公證，
03:58
and make holy the love
that they found for one another.
that they found for one another.
79
226680
3256
聖潔他們彼此之間的愛。
04:01
I want to ask you now, though,
80
229960
1936
但我現在想請各位
04:03
to think maybe from your own experience
81
231920
1896
就你個人經驗
04:05
or maybe just imagine it
82
233840
1416
或者就想像一下，
04:07
about the difference
between the intensity of the experience
between the intensity of the experience
83
235280
2896
下列兩組在感情的強列程度上
有多大的差距，
有多大的差距，
04:10
under the wedding canopy,
84
238200
1736
一組是站在結婚禮棚下剛結婚的，
04:11
and maybe the experience
of the sixth or seventh anniversary.
of the sixth or seventh anniversary.
85
239960
3216
另一組是結婚 6、7 周年的。
04:15
(Laughter)
86
243200
2456
（笑聲）
04:17
And if you're lucky enough
to make it 16 or 17 years,
to make it 16 or 17 years,
87
245680
3896
如果你夠幸運，
可以慶祝第 16、17 年的紀念日，
可以慶祝第 16、17 年的紀念日，
04:21
if you're like most people,
you probably wake up in the morning
you probably wake up in the morning
88
249600
2976
如果你跟大多數人一樣，
早上醒來，發現自己
忘記預定了最愛的餐廳，
忘記預定了最愛的餐廳，
04:24
realizing that you forgot to make
a reservation at your favorite restaurant
a reservation at your favorite restaurant
89
252600
3536
04:28
and you forgot so much as a card,
90
256160
1616
忘記了祝福的卡片，
04:29
and then you just hope and pray
that your partner also forgot.
that your partner also forgot.
91
257800
3080
然後你只希望或祈禱
你的另一半也忘了這件事。
你的另一半也忘了這件事。
04:33
Well, religious ritual and rites
92
261959
2617
傳統宗教的儀式與慣例
04:36
were essentially designed
to serve the function of the anniversary,
to serve the function of the anniversary,
93
264600
3536
基本上是為了
迎合周年紀念日而設計、
迎合周年紀念日而設計、
04:40
to be a container in which
we would hold on to the remnants
we would hold on to the remnants
94
268160
4016
為了成為一個器皿，
能使我們堅守住
能使我們堅守住
04:44
of that sacred, revelatory encounter
95
272200
2896
那神聖、具天啟、
04:47
that birthed the religion
in the first place.
in the first place.
96
275120
2096
創造了宗教的遺風習俗而設計。
04:49
The problem is that after a few centuries,
97
277240
2496
問題是，經過了幾世紀後，
04:51
the date remains on the calendar,
98
279760
2240
日曆上仍有紀念日，
04:54
but the love affair is long dead.
99
282680
2856
但愛慕之情已然消逝。
04:57
That's when we find ourselves
in endless, mindless repetitions
in endless, mindless repetitions
100
285560
4296
這時我們才發現自己
陷入在一種永無止境、
陷入在一種永無止境、
05:01
of words that don't mean anything to us,
101
289880
2216
毫無意義的惡性循環中，
05:04
rising and being seated
because someone has asked us to,
because someone has asked us to,
102
292120
3736
起立和坐下，
僅是因為有人要我們這麼做，
僅是因為有人要我們這麼做，
05:07
holding onto jealously guarded doctrine
103
295880
2896
小心地固守著那
完全與當今現實環境
脫節了的謹慎教條，
脫節了的謹慎教條，
05:10
that's completely and wildly out of step
with our contemporary reality,
with our contemporary reality,
104
298800
3856
05:14
engaging in perfunctory practice
105
302680
2536
深陷在敷衍、老舊的儀式中，
05:17
simply because that's the way
things have always been done.
things have always been done.
106
305240
3520
只因為長久以來，大家都這麼做。
05:22
Religion is waning in the United States.
107
310080
3496
在美國，宗教正逐漸式微。
05:25
Across the board,
churches and synagogues and mosques
churches and synagogues and mosques
108
313600
3936
世界各地的教會、猶太教會、清真寺
05:29
are all complaining
109
317560
1600
都在抱怨，
05:31
about how hard it is to maintain relevance
110
319960
4016
要維持新世代年輕人
05:36
for a generation of young people
who seem completely uninterested,
who seem completely uninterested,
111
324000
4136
對宗教的興趣有多麼困難，
05:40
not only in the institutions
that stand at the heart of our traditions
that stand at the heart of our traditions
112
328160
3656
因為這些年輕人不僅對代表
傳統核心價值的宗教團體不感興趣，
傳統核心價值的宗教團體不感興趣，
05:43
but even in religion itself.
113
331840
2576
也對宗教本身不感興趣。
05:46
And what they need to understand
114
334440
2040
但這些教會裡的人需要明白的是，
05:49
is that there is today
a generation of people
a generation of people
115
337280
2736
當今這世代有一群人，
05:52
who are as disgusted by the violence
of religious extremism
of religious extremism
116
340040
3856
他們厭惡宗教極端主義的殘暴，
05:55
as they are turned off
117
343920
1696
就如同他們排斥
05:57
by the lifelessness
of religious routine-ism.
of religious routine-ism.
118
345640
3320
一成不變的宗教例行儀式一樣。
06:02
Of course there is
a bright spot to this story.
a bright spot to this story.
119
350440
4040
當然這些事仍有轉機。
06:06
Given the crisis of these two
concurrent trends in religious life,
concurrent trends in religious life,
120
354960
4296
鑒於這兩種同時出現在
宗教史上的災難趨勢，
宗教史上的災難趨勢，
06:11
about 12 or 13 years ago,
I set out to try to determine
I set out to try to determine
121
359280
3696
大約 12~13 年前，我決定開始
06:15
if there was any way
122
363000
1536
尋找方法重新恢復
06:16
that I could reclaim the heart
of my own Jewish tradition,
of my own Jewish tradition,
123
364560
4176
我所屬的猶太教的傳統核心，
06:20
to help make it meaningful
and purposeful again
and purposeful again
124
368760
2616
協助它在這個動蕩的世界上
06:23
in a world on fire.
125
371400
1440
重新找回意義。
06:25
I started to wonder,
126
373520
1416
我開始在想，
06:26
what if we could harness
some of the great minds of our generation
some of the great minds of our generation
127
374960
4136
要是我們可以利用
我們這一代偉大的思想，
我們這一代偉大的思想，
06:31
and think in a bold and robust
and imaginative way again
and imaginative way again
128
379120
3976
並以一個大膽、健全、
具豐富想像力的角度
具豐富想像力的角度
06:35
about what the next iteration
of religious life would look like?
of religious life would look like?
129
383120
3096
去思考世代更迭過的
宗教生活會是怎樣的模式？
宗教生活會是怎樣的模式？
06:38
Now, we had no money,
no space, no game plan,
no space, no game plan,
130
386240
3056
我們沒有錢、沒有地方、沒有計劃，
06:41
but we did have email.
131
389320
1456
但是我們有電子郵件。
06:42
So my friend Melissa and I
sat down and we wrote an email
sat down and we wrote an email
132
390800
3696
於是我的朋友瑪莉薩和我
開始發一些電郵
給我們的朋友和同事。
給我們的朋友和同事。
06:46
which we sent out
to a few friends and colleagues.
to a few friends and colleagues.
133
394520
2856
06:49
It basically said this:
134
397400
1816
基本內容就是：
06:51
"Before you bail on religion,
135
399240
1920
「在你要放棄你的信仰之前，
06:54
why don't we come together
this Friday night
this Friday night
136
402440
2176
何不讓我們在禮拜五晚上
小聚一下呢，
小聚一下呢，
06:56
and see what we might make
of our own Jewish inheritance?"
of our own Jewish inheritance?"
137
404640
4120
看看我們還能為猶太的
文化遺產做些什麽？」
文化遺產做些什麽？」
07:01
We hoped maybe 20 people would show up.
138
409280
2616
我們原本以為頂多
20 個人會出席，
20 個人會出席，
07:03
It turned out 135 people came.
139
411920
2560
結果來了 135 個人。
07:07
They were cynics and seekers,
140
415000
2536
有憤世嫉俗的人、
有尋找生命意義的人，
有尋找生命意義的人，
07:09
atheists and rabbis.
141
417560
1736
還有無神論者及拉比們。
07:11
Many people said that night
that it was the first time
that it was the first time
142
419320
2536
很多人都說，那晚是他們有生以來，
07:13
that they had a meaningful religious
experience in their entire lives.
experience in their entire lives.
143
421880
4296
第一次度過這麼有意義的宗教體驗。
07:18
And so I set out to do the only
rational thing
rational thing
144
426200
2336
所以我去做了一般人在這情況下
07:20
that someone would do
in such a circumstance:
in such a circumstance:
145
428560
2136
都會做的合理事情：
07:22
I quit my job and tried to build
this audacious dream,
this audacious dream,
146
430720
4936
我辭掉了工作，
嘗試去建立這個大膽、
嘗試去建立這個大膽、
07:27
a reinvented, rethought religious life
147
435680
3040
重新改造過、重新思考過的
宗教生活夢想，
宗教生活夢想，
07:31
which we called "IKAR,"
148
439520
2216
我們稱這個計劃為《IKAR》
07:33
which means "the essence"
or "the heart of the matter."
or "the heart of the matter."
149
441760
3176
它是「本質精華或
事物之核心」的意思。
事物之核心」的意思。
07:36
Now, IKAR is not alone
150
444960
2096
《IKAR》在當今宗教局勢中
07:39
out there in the religious
landscape today.
landscape today.
151
447080
2536
並不孤單。
07:41
There are Jewish and Christian
and Muslim and Catholic religious leaders,
and Muslim and Catholic religious leaders,
152
449640
3816
有很多的猶太教、基督教、
穆斯林教和天主教領袖，
穆斯林教和天主教領袖，
07:45
many of them women, by the way,
153
453480
2296
順道一提，
他們之中有很多都是女性，
他們之中有很多都是女性，
07:47
who have set out to reclaim
the heart of our traditions,
the heart of our traditions,
154
455800
4016
都開始重新定義傳統宗教的
核心價值意義了，
核心價值意義了，
07:51
who firmly believe that now is the time
for religion to be part of the solution.
for religion to be part of the solution.
155
459840
5200
他們相信是時候讓宗教
成為問題的解決方案之一了。
成為問題的解決方案之一了。
07:57
We are going back
into our sacred traditions
into our sacred traditions
156
465600
2456
我們要回到神聖的傳統，
08:00
and recognizing that all of our traditions
157
468080
2736
並認知所有我們的傳統
08:02
contain the raw material
to justify violence and extremism,
to justify violence and extremism,
158
470840
4296
有包含合理化
暴力和極端主義的素材、
暴力和極端主義的素材、
08:07
and also contain the raw material
to justify compassion,
to justify compassion,
159
475160
4816
也有包含發揚憐憫、
08:12
coexistence and kindness --
160
480000
2416
共存、仁慈的素材——
08:14
that when others choose to read our texts
as directives for hate and vengeance,
as directives for hate and vengeance,
161
482440
4816
所以當他人從我們的文章中
讀出憎恨與復仇時，
讀出憎恨與復仇時，
08:19
we can choose to read those same texts
162
487280
2616
我們可以選擇從同樣的文章中讀出
08:21
as directives for love
and for forgiveness.
and for forgiveness.
163
489920
3600
愛和寬容的指導方針。
08:26
I have found now
164
494120
1496
我發現
08:27
in communities as varied
as Jewish indie start-ups on the coasts
as Jewish indie start-ups on the coasts
165
495640
4480
多元化的宗教團體，
如東西兩岸的猶太教獨立小教會，
如東西兩岸的猶太教獨立小教會，
08:32
to a woman's mosque,
166
500880
1896
比如女性的清真寺、
08:34
to black churches
in New York and in North Carolina,
in New York and in North Carolina,
167
502800
3656
比如紐約和北卡羅來納的黑人教會、
08:38
to a holy bus loaded with nuns
168
506480
2296
比如滿載著修女的神聖巴士，
08:40
that traverses this country
with a message of justice and peace,
with a message of justice and peace,
169
508800
3359
她們在這個國家傳遞著
正義與和平的訊息，
正義與和平的訊息，
08:45
that there is a shared religious ethos
170
513039
2856
都有著同樣的宗教價值觀，
08:47
that is now emerging in the form
of revitalized religion in this country.
of revitalized religion in this country.
171
515919
5657
在國內正以宗教復興的態勢崛起。
08:53
And while the theologies
and the practices vary very much
and the practices vary very much
172
521600
4136
雖然這些獨立機構彼此之間的
08:57
between these independent communities,
173
525760
2696
宗教理論與慣例相當不同，
09:00
what we can see are some common,
consistent threads between them.
consistent threads between them.
174
528480
3416
我們還是可以
看到其中的一些共同點。
看到其中的一些共同點。
09:03
I'm going to share with you
four of those commitments now.
four of those commitments now.
175
531920
3040
接著我就跟大家分享這四個共同點。
09:07
The first is wakefulness.
176
535800
2216
第一個是覺醒。
09:10
We live in a time today
177
538040
1896
我們生活在一個年代，
09:11
in which we have unprecedented access
178
539960
2496
一個可以透過史無前例的方式
09:14
to information about every global tragedy
179
542480
2896
獲知發生在世界各個角落的
09:17
that happens on every corner
of this Earth.
of this Earth.
180
545400
2456
悲劇的年代。
09:19
Within 12 hours, 20 million people
181
547880
2696
有二千萬人，在 12 小時內得知
09:22
saw that image
of Aylan Kurdi's little body
of Aylan Kurdi's little body
182
550600
2576
艾蘭·庫迪小朋友的身軀
09:25
washed up on the Turkish shore.
183
553200
2376
在土耳其的海岸邊
被海浪無情的沖刷。
被海浪無情的沖刷。
09:27
We all saw this picture.
184
555600
2360
我們也都看到了這張相片，
09:30
We saw this picture
of a five-year-old child
of a five-year-old child
185
558920
2336
一位五歲男童，
09:33
pulled out of the rubble
of his building in Aleppo.
of his building in Aleppo.
186
561280
3440
在阿勒坡被人從
已成廢墟的家中救出來。
已成廢墟的家中救出來。
09:37
And once we see these images,
187
565160
2376
而每當我們看到類似的景象，
09:39
we are called to a certain kind of action.
188
567560
2640
我們都會有所行動。
09:42
My tradition tells a story
of a traveler who is walking down a road
of a traveler who is walking down a road
189
570520
4416
在我的傳統裡有這麼一個
旅人走在路上的故事，
旅人走在路上的故事，
09:46
when he sees a beautiful house on fire,
190
574960
3536
有一天他看到了一間
漂亮的房子失火了，
漂亮的房子失火了，
09:50
and he says, "How can it be
that something so beautiful would burn,
that something so beautiful would burn,
191
578520
3536
他說：「為什麼
這麼漂亮的房子失火，
這麼漂亮的房子失火，
09:54
and nobody seems to even care?"
192
582080
2536
卻都沒有人看到或甚至關心？」
09:56
So too we learn that our world is on fire,
193
584640
3096
同樣的，我們的世界也正在失火，
09:59
and it is our job to keep our hearts
and our eyes open,
and our eyes open,
194
587760
3736
我們應當敞開心扉，擦亮眼睛，
10:03
and to recognize
that it's our responsibility
that it's our responsibility
195
591520
2536
並認知這其實這是我們的責任，
10:06
to help put out the flames.
196
594080
2576
我們要協助滅火，
10:08
This is extremely difficult to do.
197
596680
2056
這件事的確很困難，
10:10
Psychologists tell us that the more
we learn about what's broken in our world,
we learn about what's broken in our world,
198
598760
3776
因為心理學家告訴我們，人們越是
了解造成這世界支離破碎的原因，
了解造成這世界支離破碎的原因，
10:14
the less likely we are to do anything.
199
602560
2336
就越會漠不關心。
10:16
It's called psychic numbing.
200
604920
1576
這就是所謂的心理麻木現象。
10:18
We just shut down at a certain point.
201
606520
2560
我們在某個時點，關閉了心門。
10:21
Well, somewhere along the way,
our religious leaders forgot
our religious leaders forgot
202
609520
4056
然而，各宗教的領袖們似乎忘記了，
10:25
that it's our job
to make people uncomfortable.
to make people uncomfortable.
203
613600
3296
帶領人們離開舒適圈、
10:28
It's our job to wake people up,
204
616920
2056
讓人們覺醒是我們的責任，
10:31
to pull them out of their apathy
205
619000
2136
把他們從冷默的深淵裡拉出來，
10:33
and into the anguish,
206
621160
1456
去感受改變的痛苦，
10:34
and to insist that we do
what we don't want to do
what we don't want to do
207
622640
3456
去堅決要求我們
做原本不想做的事情，
做原本不想做的事情，
10:38
and see what we do not want to see.
208
626120
3336
去看我們選擇忽視的人事物。
10:41
Because we know
that social change only happens --
that social change only happens --
209
629480
2376
因為我們知道社會的改變
永遠只發生在——
永遠只發生在——
10:43
(Applause)
210
631880
1056
（掌聲）
10:44
when we are awake enough
to see that the house is on fire.
to see that the house is on fire.
211
632960
3880
我們清醒地意識到需要改變的時候。
10:49
The second principle is hope,
212
637760
1936
第二個原則是希望，
10:51
and I want to say this about hope.
213
639720
1620
我想說一下「希望」這件事，
10:53
Hope is not naive,
214
641364
2132
希望不是天真，
10:55
and hope is not an opiate.
215
643520
1936
也不是什麽麻醉劑。
10:57
Hope may be the single
greatest act of defiance
greatest act of defiance
216
645480
4056
「希望」可能是對抗悲觀的政治和
11:01
against a politics of pessimism
217
649560
2336
絕望的文化
11:03
and against a culture of despair.
218
651920
2416
唯一的最佳武器。
11:06
Because what hope does for us
219
654360
1896
因為希望能帶我們
11:08
is it lifts us out of the container
220
656280
2776
走出那個
11:11
that holds us and constrains us
from the outside,
from the outside,
221
659080
3696
把我們與外在世界隔絕的
「容器」牢籠。
「容器」牢籠。
11:14
and says, "You can dream
and think expansively again.
and think expansively again.
222
662800
3736
並且希望告訴了我們，
「你可以再次豁達地夢想與思考，
「你可以再次豁達地夢想與思考，
11:18
That they cannot control in you."
223
666560
2400
它們是控制不了你的。」
11:21
I saw hope made manifest
in an African-American church
in an African-American church
224
669760
3016
今年夏天，在芝加哥南部
11:24
in the South Side of Chicago this summer,
225
672800
2536
我看到希望已經在
美國非裔的教堂裡顯現，
美國非裔的教堂裡顯現，
11:27
where I brought my little girl,
226
675360
1656
我帶著
11:29
who is now 13
227
677040
1216
13 歲的女兒，
11:30
and a few inches taller than me,
228
678280
1696
現在比我要高一點點，
11:32
to hear my friend Rev. Otis Moss preach.
229
680000
2800
去聽我朋友
歐提斯‧傌司牧師講道。
歐提斯‧傌司牧師講道。
11:35
That summer, there had already been
3,000 people shot
3,000 people shot
230
683560
5496
今年夏天，從一月到七月
在芝加哥大約
已經有 3000 人被槍殺。
已經有 3000 人被槍殺。
11:41
between January and July in Chicago.
231
689080
3320
11:45
We went into that church
and heard Rev. Moss preach,
and heard Rev. Moss preach,
232
693040
3096
我們去教堂聽傌司牧師講道，
11:48
and after he did,
233
696160
1936
結束後，
11:50
this choir of gorgeous women,
100 women strong,
100 women strong,
234
698120
4256
100 個優雅堅強的合唱團女成員
11:54
stood up and began to sing.
235
702400
1960
站起來開始合唱。
11:57
"I need you. You need me.
236
705200
3136
「我需要你，你需要我，
12:00
I love you. I need you to survive."
237
708360
2680
我愛你，我要你好好活著。」
12:03
And I realized in that moment
238
711720
1696
在那一瞬間我恍然大悟，
12:05
that this is what religion
is supposed to be about.
is supposed to be about.
239
713440
3576
這就是宗教活動應有的樣子。
12:09
It's supposed to be about
giving people back a sense of purpose,
giving people back a sense of purpose,
240
717040
4696
它應當給予人們生存的目的、
12:13
a sense of hope,
241
721760
1496
希望的感覺、
12:15
a sense that they and their dreams
fundamentally matter in this world
fundamentally matter in this world
242
723280
4936
一種世上每個人和他的夢想
都至關重要的感覺，
都至關重要的感覺，
12:20
that tells them
that they don't matter at all.
that they don't matter at all.
243
728240
2560
縱使這個世界讓人們
覺得自己微不足道。
覺得自己微不足道。
12:23
The third principle
is the principle of mightiness.
is the principle of mightiness.
244
731760
2776
第三個是強大原則。
12:26
There's a rabbinic tradition
that we are to walk around
that we are to walk around
245
734560
2656
我們猶太教有一項傳統，
我們在走路時
我們在走路時
12:29
with two slips of paper in our pockets.
246
737240
2296
會放兩張紙條在口袋裡。
12:31
One says, "I am but dust and ashes."
247
739560
3416
一張上面寫著，「我渺小如灰塵。」
12:35
It's not all about me.
248
743000
1696
世界並非繞著你在轉。
12:36
I can't control everything,
and I cannot do this on my own.
and I cannot do this on my own.
249
744720
3520
我無法掌控每件事，
憑我一己之力做不到。
憑我一己之力做不到。
12:40
The other slip of paper says,
"For my sake the world was created."
"For my sake the world was created."
250
748960
4176
而另一張紙上寫著，
「世界因我而創造。」
「世界因我而創造。」
12:45
Which is to say it's true
that I can't do everything,
that I can't do everything,
251
753160
3120
意思是，雖然我不能做每件事，
12:49
but I can surely do something.
252
757040
2200
但我確定我有能力可以去做些事。
12:52
I can forgive.
253
760160
1656
我可以寬恕、
12:53
I can love.
254
761840
1200
我可以愛、
12:55
I can show up.
255
763560
1496
我可以站出來、
12:57
I can protest.
256
765080
1616
我可以抗議、
12:58
I can be a part of this conversation.
257
766720
3176
我可以成為這場談話裡的一分子。
13:01
We even now have a religious ritual,
258
769920
2856
我們現在甚至有一個宗教儀式、
13:04
a posture,
259
772800
1216
一種姿勢，
13:06
that holds the paradox
between powerlessness and power.
between powerlessness and power.
260
774040
3696
象徵著無能為力
與無所不能之間的弔詭平衡。
與無所不能之間的弔詭平衡。
13:09
In the Jewish community,
261
777760
1216
在猶太社群裡，
13:11
the only time of year
that we prostrate fully to the ground
that we prostrate fully to the ground
262
779000
3296
我們一年中唯一一次
完全俯身拜倒在地上的日子，
是在聖潔日裡，
是在聖潔日裡，
13:14
is during the high holy days.
263
782320
1656
13:16
It's a sign of total submission.
264
784000
2240
這是一種完全順從的表現。
13:18
Now in our community,
when we get up off the ground,
when we get up off the ground,
265
786840
3056
如今，在我們的社群，
當我們從地上站起來後，
當我們從地上站起來後，
13:21
we stand with our hands
raised to the heavens,
raised to the heavens,
266
789920
3496
我們會向天堂高舉雙手，
13:25
and we say, "I am strong,
I am mighty, and I am worthy.
I am mighty, and I am worthy.
267
793440
5616
然後說，「我很堅強、
我很強大、我很有價值，
我很強大、我很有價值，
13:31
I can't do everything,
but I can do something."
but I can do something."
268
799080
3360
我雖然不能每件事都做，
但我可以做些事情。」
但我可以做些事情。」
13:35
In a world that conspires
to make us believe that we are invisible
to make us believe that we are invisible
269
803720
4896
在這個努力想要讓我們
認為自己渺小如塵、
認為自己渺小如塵、
無能為力的世界，
13:40
and that we are impotent,
270
808640
1536
13:42
religious communities and religious ritual
271
810200
2736
宗教團體和宗教儀式能提醒我們
13:44
can remind us that for whatever
amount of time we have here on this Earth,
amount of time we have here on this Earth,
272
812960
3616
不管我們能在這個世上活多久，
13:48
whatever gifts and blessings
we were given,
we were given,
273
816600
2456
不管我們得到多少天賦與祝福，
13:51
whatever resources we have,
274
819080
1736
不管我們有什麼資源，
13:52
we can and we must use them
275
820840
2336
我們都可以，也必須利用它們
13:55
to try to make the world
a little bit more just
a little bit more just
276
823200
2576
來試著讓這個世界變得更公正、
13:57
and a little bit more loving.
277
825800
1381
更有愛些。
13:59
The fourth and final
is interconnectedness.
is interconnectedness.
278
827920
2936
第四也是最後一點：緊密關係。
14:02
A few years ago, there was a man
walking on the beach in Alaska,
walking on the beach in Alaska,
279
830880
3256
幾年前，有一位男子，
在阿拉斯加的海灘上散步，
在阿拉斯加的海灘上散步，
14:06
when he came across a soccer ball
280
834160
1936
當時他撿到了一顆足球，
14:08
that had some Japanese
letters written on it.
letters written on it.
281
836120
2496
上面寫了一些日文。
14:10
He took a picture of it
and posted it up on social media,
and posted it up on social media,
282
838640
3336
他把足球拍了張照片
並且把它放到社群媒體上，
並且把它放到社群媒體上，
14:14
and a Japanese teenager contacted him.
283
842000
2696
一位日本的少年聯繫上他。
14:16
He had lost everything in the tsunami
that devastated his country,
that devastated his country,
284
844720
3776
他說他在重創日本的
海嘯中失去了一切，
海嘯中失去了一切，
14:20
but he was able
to retrieve that soccer ball
to retrieve that soccer ball
285
848520
2696
但他有幸能找到他的足球，
14:23
after it had floated
all the way across the Pacific.
all the way across the Pacific.
286
851240
3016
在它漂流橫越整個太平洋後。
14:26
How small our world has become.
287
854280
2776
我們的世界變得如此之小。
14:29
It's so hard for us to remember
how interconnected we all are
how interconnected we all are
288
857080
4816
生為人類的我們，
我們很難記得
我們是多麼的緊密相連。
我們是多麼的緊密相連。
14:33
as human beings.
289
861920
1200
14:36
And yet, we know
290
864720
1976
然而，我們都知道
14:38
that it is systems of oppression
291
866720
2696
是這種壓迫系統
14:41
that benefit the most
from the lie of radical individualism.
from the lie of radical individualism.
292
869440
4096
受惠了會說謊的激進個人主義者。
14:45
Let me tell you how this works.
293
873560
1816
我來告訴各位它是如何運作的。
14:47
I'm not supposed to care
294
875400
1936
我本不該關心
14:49
when black youth are harassed by police,
295
877360
2456
黑人青年被警察騷擾的事件，
14:51
because my white-looking Jewish kids
296
879840
2296
因為我白皮膚的猶太小孩
14:54
probably won't ever get pulled over
for the crime of driving while black.
for the crime of driving while black.
297
882160
3896
也許永遠都不會因為同樣的事
而被警察攔下來。
而被警察攔下來。
14:58
Well, not so, because
this is also my problem.
this is also my problem.
298
886080
4016
但並非如此，
因為這也是我的問題。
因為這也是我的問題。
15:02
And guess what?
Transphobia and Islamophobia
Transphobia and Islamophobia
299
890120
3176
各位知道嗎？
變性歧視、伊斯蘭教歧視、
變性歧視、伊斯蘭教歧視、
15:05
and racism of all forms,
those are also all of our problems.
those are also all of our problems.
300
893320
3536
各種形式的種族歧視，
這些都是我們的問題。
這些都是我們的問題。
15:08
And so too is anti-Semitism
all of our problems.
all of our problems.
301
896880
3456
反猶太問題也是。
15:12
Because Emma Lazarus was right.
302
900360
1696
因為美國女詩人
艾瑪‧拉撒路說的對。
艾瑪‧拉撒路說的對。
15:14
(Applause)
303
902080
2320
（掌聲）
15:19
Emma Lazarus was right
when she said until all of us are free,
when she said until all of us are free,
304
907560
3336
她說，除非我們全部都獲得自由，
否則沒有任何一個人是自由的。
15:22
we are none of us free.
305
910920
1936
15:24
We are all in this together.
306
912880
2080
我們在這些議題上是同船共濟的。
15:27
And now somewhere at the intersection
of these four trends,
of these four trends,
307
915800
3496
現在，在這四個趨勢──
15:31
of wakefulness and hope
and mightiness and interconnectedness,
and mightiness and interconnectedness,
308
919320
4736
覺醒、希望、強大、
緊密關係的交會處，
緊密關係的交會處，
15:36
there is a burgeoning, multifaith
justice movement in this country
justice movement in this country
309
924080
4536
國內迅速發展出跨信仰的正義活動，
15:40
that is staking a claim on a countertrend,
310
928640
2256
它正漸漸成為重申信仰的
反潮流砥柱，
反潮流砥柱，
15:42
saying that religion can and must be
a force for good in the world.
a force for good in the world.
311
930920
5136
這告訴了我們，宗教應當也必須成為
世界的一股正能量。
世界的一股正能量。
15:48
Our hearts hurt from
the failed religion of extremism,
the failed religion of extremism,
312
936080
4016
失敗的宗教極端主義
傷了我們的心，
傷了我們的心，
15:52
and we deserve more
than the failed religion of routine-ism.
than the failed religion of routine-ism.
313
940120
4216
我們值得擁有生氣盎然、
激勵人心的信仰。
激勵人心的信仰。
15:56
It is time for religious leaders
and religious communities
and religious communities
314
944360
3776
是時候讓宗教領袖和信仰團體
16:00
to take the lead in the spiritual
and cultural shift
and cultural shift
315
948160
3376
在精神與文化改變方面
做出領頭作用了，
做出領頭作用了，
16:03
that this country and the world
so desperately needs --
so desperately needs --
316
951560
3696
因為我們的國家和全世界
都極渴望這樣的改變——
都極渴望這樣的改變——
16:07
a shift toward love,
317
955280
2136
轉向愛、
16:09
toward justice, toward equality
and toward dignity for all.
and toward dignity for all.
318
957440
3896
轉向正義、平等與尊嚴的改變。
16:13
I believe that our children
deserve no less than that.
deserve no less than that.
319
961360
3440
我相信我們的下一代
值得擁有這樣美好的世界。
值得擁有這樣美好的世界。
16:17
Thank you.
320
965360
1216
謝謝。
16:18
(Applause)
321
966600
7524
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sharon Brous - RabbiRabbi Sharon Brous is a leading voice in reanimating religious life in America, working to develop a spiritual roadmap for soulful, multi-faith justice work.
Why you should listen
Based in Los Angeles, Rabbi Sharon Brous is the senior and founding rabbi of IKAR, a community built in 2004 that has become a model for Jewish revitalization in the US and beyond. IKAR’s goal is to reinvigorate Jewish religious and spiritual practice, inspiring people of faith to reclaim a moral and prophetic voice in counter-testimony to the small-minded extremism now prevalent in so many religious communities. IKAR quickly became one of the fastest growing and most influential Jewish congregations in the country, and it's widely credited with sparking a rethinking of religious life in a time of unprecedented disaffection and declining affiliation.
In 2008, Brous was the youngest person on the Newsweek/Daily Beast list of the most influential Rabbis in America, and in 2013 she was named the list’s most influential rabbi. In 2013, Brous blessed President Obama and Vice President Biden at the Inaugural National Prayer Service.
Sharon Brous | Speaker | TED.com