TEDGlobal 2012
Bahia Shehab: A thousand times no
Bahia Shehab: Seribu kali tidak.
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Seniman sejarah Bahia Shehab telah lama kagum akan tulisan Arab "tidak." Saat revolusi terjadi di Mesir pada tahun 2011, dia mulai menggambar di jalanan kata "Tidak" kepada diktator, kepada pemerintahan militer, dan kepada kekerasan.
Bahia Shehab - Artist and historian
TED Fellow Bahia Shehab sends an important message through her street art in Cairo: “You can crush the flowers, but you can’t delay spring." Full bio
TED Fellow Bahia Shehab sends an important message through her street art in Cairo: “You can crush the flowers, but you can’t delay spring." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Two years ago, I was invited as an artist
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Dua tahun yang lalu saya diundang sebagai salah satu seniman
00:19
to participate in an exhibition commemorating
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yang berpartisipasi dalam pameran
00:22
100 years of Islamic art in Europe.
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peringatan 100 tahun seni Islam di Eropa.
00:24
The curator had only one condition:
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Sang kurator hanya memiliki satu ketentuan:
00:27
I had to use the Arabic script for my artwork.
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Saya harus menggunakan kaligrafi Arab pada karya seni saya.
00:30
Now, as an artist, a woman, an Arab,
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Sebagai seniman, seorang wanita, dan seorang Arab
00:33
or a human being living in the world in 2010,
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atau sebagai manusia yang hidup di tahun 2010,
00:37
I only had one thing to say:
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saya hanya ingin mengatakan satu hal:
00:40
I wanted to say no.
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Tidak.
00:43
And in Arabic, to say "no," we say "no,
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Dan dalam Bahasa Arab, "tidak," berarti,
00:45
and a thousand times no."
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"tidak, seribu kali tidak."
00:47
So I decided to look for a thousand different noes.
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Jadi saya memutuskan untuk mencari 1.000 "tidak" yang berbeda
00:51
on everything ever produced
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pada semua benda yang pernah dibuat
00:53
under Islamic or Arab patronage in the past 1,400 years,
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dalam budaya Islam atau Arab selama 1,400 tahun terakhir
00:58
from Spain to the borders of China.
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dari Spanyol hingga perbatasan Cina.
01:02
I collected my findings in a book,
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Saya mengumpulkannya dalam sebuah buku,
01:04
placed them chronologically, stating the name,
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menyusunnya secara kronologis dan menyebutkan nama,
01:07
the patron, the medium and the date.
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tempat, media, dan waktunya.
01:10
Now, the book sat on a small shelf next to the installation,
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Kini buku itu ada di rak kecil di sebelah instalasi
01:14
which stood three by seven meters, in Munich, Germany,
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berukuran tiga kali tujuh meter di Munich, Jerman,
01:17
in September of 2010.
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pada bulan September 2010.
01:21
Now, in January, 2011, the revolution started,
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Bulan Januari 2011, revolusi dimulai
01:27
and life stopped for 18 days,
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dan kehidupan terhenti selama 18 hari
01:30
and on the 12th of February,
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dan pada tanggal 12 Februari,
01:31
we naively celebrated on the streets of Cairo,
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dengan lugunya kita berpesta di jalan-jalan kota Kairo
01:34
believing that the revolution had succeeded.
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percaya bahwa revolusi itu telah berhasil.
01:38
Nine months later I found myself spraying messages
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Sembilan bulan kemudian, saya sedang menyebarkan pesan
01:42
in Tahrir Square. The reason for this act
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di Tahrir Square. Alasannya adalah
01:46
was this image that I saw in my newsfeed.
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gambaran mengenai apa yang ada di dalam berita,
01:50
I did not feel that I could live in a city
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saya merasa tak mampu tinggal di sebuah kota
01:53
where people were being killed
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di mana orang-orang dibunuh
01:55
and thrown like garbage on the street.
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dan dibuang seperti sampah di jalanan.
01:58
So I took one "no" off a tombstone from
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Jadi saya mengambil "tidak" dari batu nisan
02:00
the Islamic Museum in Cairo, and I added a message to it:
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di Museum Islam Kairo, dan saya menambahkan pesan di sana:
02:03
"no to military rule."
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"tidak untuk pemerintahan militer."
02:05
And I started spraying that on the streets in Cairo.
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Dan saya mulai menyebarkan pesan itu di jalanan Kairo.
02:08
But that led to a series of no, coming out of the book
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Hal itu mengakibatkan serangkaian "tidak," yang keluar dari buku
02:11
like ammunition, and adding messages to them,
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seperti peluru, saya menambahkan pesan pada "tidak" itu
02:14
and I started spraying them on the walls.
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dan mulai menuliskannya di dinding-dinding.
02:17
So I'll be sharing some of these noes with you.
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Saya akan membagikan beberapa antaranya di sini.
02:19
No to a new Pharaoh, because whoever comes next
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Tidak kepada Firaun baru, karena siapapun pemimpin berikutnya
02:22
should understand that we will never be ruled by another dictator.
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harus paham bahwa kami tidak akan diperintah oleh diktator lagi.
02:26
No to violence: Ramy Essam came to Tahrir
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Tidak kepada kekerasan. Ramy Essam datang ke Tahrir Square
02:30
on the second day of the revolution,
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pada hari kedua revolusi,
02:32
and he sat there with this guitar, singing.
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dia duduk dengan gitarnya dan bernyanyi di sana.
02:35
One month after Mubarak stepped down, this was his reward.
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Satu bulan setelah Mubarak turun, inilah hadiahnya.
02:39
No to blinding heroes. Ahmed Harara lost his right eye
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Tidak kepada pahlawan buta. Mata kanan Ahmed Harara buta
02:45
on the 28th of January,
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pada tanggal 28 Januari
02:46
and he lost his left eye on the 19th of November,
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lalu mata kirinya pada tanggal 19 november
02:50
by two different snipers.
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karena dua penembak jitu berbeda.
02:53
No to killing, in this case no to killing men of religion,
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Tidak kepada pembunuhan, dalam hal ini pembunuhan tokoh agama
02:56
because Sheikh Ahmed Adina Refaat was shot
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karena Sheikh Ahmed Adina Refaat ditembak
03:00
on December 16th, during a demonstration,
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di tengah-tengah demonstrasi pada tanggal 16 Desember,
03:03
leaving behind three orphans and a widow.
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dan meninggalkan seorang janda dengan 3 anak yatim.
03:07
No to burning books. The Institute of Egypt was burned
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Tidak kepada pembakaran buku. Institut Mesir dibakar
03:10
on December 17th, a huge cultural loss.
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pada tanggal 17 Desember, menyebabkan kerugian budaya yang besar.
03:14
No to stripping the people,
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Tidak kepada menelanjangi orang,
03:17
and the blue bra is to remind us of our shame
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bra biru itu mengingatkan kami akan rasa malu kami
03:20
as a nation when we allow a veiled woman to be stripped
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sebagai negara yang mengijinkan wanita bercadar ditelanjangi
03:24
and beaten on the street, and the footprint reads,
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dan dipukuli di jalan-jalan, dan jejak itu bertuliskan,
03:28
"Long live a peaceful revolution,"
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"Panjang umur untuk revolusi damai,"
03:30
because we will never retaliate with violence.
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karena kami tidak akan pernah membalas dengan kejahatan.
03:34
No to barrier walls. On February 5th,
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Tidak kepada tembok penghalang. Penghalang beton
03:37
concrete roadblocks were set up in Cairo
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dipasang di Kairo pada tanggal 5 Februari
03:41
to protect the Ministry of Defense from protesters.
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untuk melindungi Kementrian Pertahanan dari para pemrotes.
03:47
Now, speaking of walls, I want to share with you the story
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Saya ingin membagikan kisah tentang sebuah dinding
03:50
of one wall in Cairo.
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di Kairo.
03:52
A group of artists decided to paint a life-size tank
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Sekelompok seniman memutuskan untuk menggambar tank
03:57
on a wall. It's one to one.
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dengan ukuran asli di dinding.
03:59
In front of this tank there's a man on a bicycle
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Di depan tank ini ada seseorang yang bersepeda
04:02
with a breadbasket on his head. To any passerby,
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dengan keranjang roti di atas kepalanya.
04:05
there's no problem with this visual.
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Tidak ada yang tidak beres bagi orang yang lewat di sana.
04:08
After acts of violence, another artist came,
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Setelah kekerasan itu, seniman yang lain datang
04:12
painted blood, protesters being run over by the tank,
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dan menggambar darah dan para pemrotes yang dikejar oleh tank,
04:17
demonstrators, and a message that read,
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dan pesan yang bertuliskan,
04:20
"Starting tomorrow, I wear the new face,
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"Mulai esok, saya akan menggunakan wajah baru,
04:23
the face of every martyr. I exist."
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wajah dari setiap martir. Saya ada."
04:27
Authority comes, paints the wall white,
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Pemerintah datang dan mengecat putih tembok itu
04:30
leaves the tank and adds a message:
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menyisakan tanknya dan menambah pesan.
04:32
"Army and people, one hand. Egypt for Egyptians."
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"Tentara dan rakyat, satu tangan. Mesir untuk semua orang Mesir."
04:37
Another artist comes, paints the head of the military
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Seniman yang lain datang dan menggambar panglima militer
04:41
as a monster eating a maiden in a river of blood
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sebagai monster sedang memakan seorang gadis di tengah sungai darah
04:44
in front of the tank.
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di depan tank itu.
04:47
Authority comes, paints the wall white, leaves the tank,
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Pemerintah datang dan mengecat putih tembok itu,
04:51
leaves the suit, and throws a bucket of black paint
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menyisakan tanknya, lalu mengecat hitam panglima tentara itu
04:54
just to hide the face of the monster.
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untuk menyembunyikan wajah monsternya.
04:55
So I come with my stencils, and I spray them on the suit,
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Jadi saya datang dan mengecat monster itu,
04:59
on the tank, and on the whole wall,
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tank, dan seluruh dindingnya
05:02
and this is how it stands today
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dan beginilah dinding itu sekarang
05:04
until further notice. (Laughter)
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untuk sementara. (Tawa)
05:06
Now, I want to leave you with a final no.
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Kini, saya ingin menyampaikan "Tidak" yang terakhir.
05:10
I found Neruda scribbled on a piece of paper
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Saya menemukan coretan Neruda pada secarik kertas
05:13
in a field hospital in Tahrir, and I decided to take a no of
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di rumah sakit lapangan di Tahrir, dan saya memutuskan untuk menyampaikan tidak
05:19
Mamluk Mausoleum in Cairo.
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kepada Mamluk Mausoleum di Kairo.
05:21
The message reads,
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Pesannnya berbunyi,
05:23
[Arabic]
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(Bahasa Arab)
05:29
"You can crush the flowers, but you can't delay spring."
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"Anda dapat menghancurkan bunga, namun Anda tidak dapat menunda musim semi (kebangkitan)."
05:33
Thank you. (Applause)
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Terima kasih. (Tepuk tangan)
05:37
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
05:46
Thank you. Shukran. (Applause)
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Terima kasih, Shukran. (Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bahia Shehab - Artist and historianTED Fellow Bahia Shehab sends an important message through her street art in Cairo: “You can crush the flowers, but you can’t delay spring."
Why you should listen
Bahia Shehab is an artist, designer and art historian. She is associate professor of design and founder of the graphic design program at The American University in Cairo, where she has developed a full design curriculum mainly focused on visual culture of the Arab world. She has taught over fourteen courses on the topic.
Shehab's artwork has been on display in exhibitions, galleries and streets in Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Morocco, Turkey, UAE and the US. The documentary Nefertiti's Daughters featuring her street artwork during the Egyptian uprising was released in 2015. Her work has received a number of international recognitions and awards; TED fellowship (2012) and TED Senior fellowship (2016), BBC 100 Women list (2013, 2014), The American University in Beirut distinguished alumna (2015), Shortlist for V&A’s Jameel Prize 4 (2016), and a Prince Claus Award (2016). Her book A Thousand Times NO: The Visual History of Lam-Alif was published in 2010.
Bahia Shehab | Speaker | TED.com