ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Katie Hinde - Lactation researcher
Katie Hinde is studying breast milk’s status as the first superfood, providing babies with invaluable microbes custom-tailored to their individual needs, via an incredible and unlikely dialogue between the mother’s enzymes and the baby’s saliva.

Why you should listen

Did you know mother's milk is older than dinosaurs? Or that the "biological recipe" of milk differs for sons and daughters? Or that milk doesn't just build babies but fuels them too? Mother's milk is the food, medicine and message that organize a baby's brain, body and behavior. What we take for granted in the grocery store dairy aisle has been shaped by hundreds of millions of years of natural selection. As scientists decode the mysteries of milk, we gain essential new tools for human health and well-being.

Scientist, writer and advocate, Katie Hinde, PhD, explores the dynamic interactions between mothers, milk, and infants. Author of dozens of essays and academic articles, Hinde situates her work at the intersection of the life sciences and social sciences to inform parents, clinicians and policy-makers about institutional and inter-personal support of mothers and babies. Hinde co-authored the book Building Babies and founded the science outreach blog, "Mammals Suck…Milk!"

Hinde earned a PhD in Anthropology at UCLA, completed post-doctoral training in neuroscience at the California National Primate Research Center, and then launched her faculty career in the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. Now an Associate Professor, Hinde is the Director of the Comparative Lactation Lab in the Center for Evolution and Medicine and the School of Human Evolution and Social Change at Arizona State University.

Described as "The Milk Maven" in the inaugural Grist 50 list of "innovators, organizers and visionaries who will lead us toward a more sustainable future," Hinde's work was highlighted for tackling social justice in health and research. From considering how milk feeds microbes to researching how milk shapes infant behavior , her research has been featured in the New York Times, National Geographic, La Presse, Wall Street Journal, Quartz and more. Hinde has been recognized with Early Career Awards from the International Society for Research in Human Milk and Lactation and the American Society of Primatologists for making outstanding, original contributions to these fields as a young investigator.

Importantly, Hinde is dedicated to science outreach and building enthusiasm for animals, ecology and behavior. In 2013, Hinde created the annual March Mammal Madness, a month-long science outreach extravaganza that is used in hundreds of classrooms described by Deadspin Deputy Editor Barry Petchesky as "the only bracket you need."

Understanding milk can directly translate to more personalized clinical recommendations and health optimization for mothers and their infants as well as substantiate the importance of infrastructure and institutional support for breastfeeding. Further, identifying the composition and function of milk informs the formulation of more representative artificial breast milk for those mothers facing obstacles or contraindications to breastfeeding. Lastly, decoding mother's milk will allow for enhanced precision medicine for the most fragile infants and children in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. Such integrative approaches to mother's milk take discoveries at the bench to applications at the bedside.

More profile about the speaker
Katie Hinde | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2016

Katie Hinde: What we don't know about mother's milk

Katie Hinde: 关于母乳,我们所不知的

Filmed:
1,413,994 views

母乳帮助婴儿生长,促进神经元的发展,提供关键的免疫因子和保卫因子来对抗饥饿和疾病 - 然而,为什么科学家对番茄比对母乳的研究还要多?Katie Hinde分享了她对这个复杂的生命能源的见解,详细阐述了科学研究在这一方面的空白-填补这些空白才能使我们能够更好的了解母乳。
- Lactation researcher
Katie Hinde is studying breast milk’s status as the first superfood, providing babies with invaluable microbes custom-tailored to their individual needs, via an incredible and unlikely dialogue between the mother’s enzymes and the baby’s saliva. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Have you ever heard听说 the one
about how breastfeeding哺乳 is free自由?
0
560
3159
你听说过“母乳是免费的”言论吗?
00:17
(Laughter笑声)
1
5266
1150
(笑声)
00:18
Yeah, it's pretty漂亮 funny滑稽,
2
6440
2216
是的,有意思
00:20
because it's only free自由 if we don't value
women's女士的 time and energy能源.
3
8680
5080
如果我们不算上母亲的时间和精力的话,你可以说母乳是免费的。
00:27
Any mother母亲 can tell you
how much time and energy能源 it takes
4
15120
4576
任何一位母亲都可以告诉你,
她花了多少时间和精力来产奶,
00:31
to liquify液化 her body身体 --
5
19720
1936
00:33
to literally按照字面 dissolve溶解 herself她自己 --
6
21680
2536
好不夸张的说,就是溶解了自己,
00:36
(Laughter笑声)
7
24240
1576
(笑声)
00:37
as she feeds供稿 this precious珍贵
little cannibal食人族.
8
25840
2880
当她喂养这个珍贵的小食人族的时候。
00:41
(Laughter笑声)
9
29120
2216
(笑声)
乳汁是哺乳动物会吮吸的原因。
00:43
Milk牛奶 is why mammals哺乳动物 suck吮吸.
10
31360
2320
00:47
At Arizona亚利桑那 State University大学,
11
35400
1896
在亚利桑那州立大学
00:49
in the Comparative比较 Lactation泌 乳 Lab实验室,
12
37320
1936
在比较教育学实验室里,
00:51
I decode解码 mothers'母亲 milk牛奶 composition组成
13
39280
2776
我解码了母乳的组成成分,
00:54
to understand理解 its complexity复杂
14
42080
2976
来理解它的复杂性,
00:57
and how it influences影响 infant婴儿 development发展.
15
45080
2400
和它怎样影响婴儿的成长。
01:00
The most important重要 thing that I've learned学到了
16
48720
2360
我学到的最重要的东西,
01:03
is that we do not do enough足够
to support支持 mothers母亲 and babies婴儿.
17
51800
5120
是我们在支持母亲和孩子方面做的还远远不够。
01:09
And when we fail失败 mothers母亲 and babies婴儿,
18
57720
2176
当我们令母亲和孩子失望的时候,
01:11
we fail失败 everyone大家
who loves mothers母亲 and babies婴儿:
19
59920
3360
我们会使任何爱着母亲和孩子的人失望:
01:16
the fathers父亲, the partners伙伴,
the grandparents祖父母, the aunties阿姨,
20
64080
3176
父亲,伴侣,祖父母,姨妈,
朋友,亲戚,这些组成人类社交关系网里的人
01:19
the friends朋友 and kin亲属
that make our human人的 social社会 networks网络.
21
67280
4080
01:24
It's time that we abandon放弃
simple简单 solutions解决方案 and simple简单 slogans口号,
22
72480
4736
是时候让我们抛弃简单的方法和简单的口号,
来深入研究这细微的区别。
01:29
and grapple抓钩 with the nuance细微差别.
23
77240
1720
01:32
I was very fortunate幸运
24
80200
1576
我是很幸运的,
01:33
to run smack-dab嫌-DAB
into that nuance细微差别 very early,
25
81800
3656
能很早就发现了那些细微区别,
是在我第一次的记者采访中。
01:37
during my first interview访问
with a journalist记者
26
85480
2040
01:40
when she asked me,
27
88560
1296
当她问我,
01:41
"How long should a mother母亲
breastfeed母乳喂养 her baby宝宝?"
28
89880
3280
“一位母亲应该母乳喂养一个孩子多久?”
01:48
And it was that word "should"
that brought me up short,
29
96040
3880
就是那个词“应该” 刺激到了我,
01:52
because I will never tell a woman女人
what she should do with her body身体.
30
100640
4320
因为我从来不会告诉一位女性,她应该对她的身体做些什么。
01:58
Babies婴儿 survive生存 and thrive兴旺
31
106800
1776
婴儿生存和生长,
是因为母乳是他们的食物,药物和信号。
02:00
because their mother's母亲 milk牛奶
is food餐饮, medicine医学 and signal信号.
32
108600
4656
对于小婴儿而言,
02:05
For young年轻 infants婴儿,
33
113280
1216
02:06
mother's母亲 milk牛奶 is a complete完成 diet饮食
34
114520
1936
母乳是完全的健康食物,
02:08
that provides提供 all the building建造
blocks for their bodies身体,
35
116480
2576
提供了所有身体需要的养分,
02:11
that shapes形状 their brain
36
119080
1376
促进大脑发育成形,
提供他们活动的能量。
02:12
and fuels燃料 all of their activity活动.
37
120480
2160
02:15
Mother's母亲 milk牛奶 also feeds供稿 the microbes微生物
38
123360
2416
母乳同样提供一些微生物,
存储在婴儿的肠道里,
02:17
that are colonizing殖民
the infant's婴儿 intestinal tract管道.
39
125800
2440
02:20
Mothers母亲 aren't just eating for two,
40
128840
1696
母亲不只是为了两个人而吃,
02:22
they're eating for two to the trillions万亿.
41
130560
2160
她们为了两个甚至万亿的“人”而吃。
02:26
Milk牛奶 provides提供 immunofactorsimmunofactors
that help fight斗争 pathogens病原体
42
134560
3440
母乳提供了免疫因子来抵抗病菌,
02:31
and mother's母亲 milk牛奶 provides提供 hormones激素
that signal信号 to the infant's婴儿 body身体.
43
139000
5000
母乳提供了荷尔蒙向婴儿的身体发出信号。
02:36
But in recent最近 decades几十年,
44
144800
1496
但是最近这些年,
02:38
we have come to take milk牛奶 for granted理所当然.
45
146320
2136
我们理所当然的开始使用牛奶。
02:40
We stopped停止 seeing眼看
something in plain sight视力.
46
148480
2976
我们对显而易见的事情避而不见。
02:43
We began开始 to think of milk牛奶 as standardized标准化,
homogenized匀浆, pasteurized巴氏杀菌,
47
151480
5136
我们开始把牛奶分类为标准的,均质的,巴氏消毒的,
包装的,奶粉状的,调味的或者配方的。
02:48
packaged包装, powdered粉状,
flavored有味 and formulated制定.
48
156640
2960
02:52
We abandoned the milk牛奶 of human人的 kindness善良
49
160680
2176
我们放弃了在牛奶中注入人类爱心,
而是将首要原则转移到了其他方面。
02:54
and turned转身 our priorities优先 elsewhere别处.
50
162880
2040
02:58
At the National国民 Institutes研究院 of Health健康
51
166560
1736
在华盛顿特区的
国立卫生研究院
03:00
in Washington华盛顿 DCDC
52
168320
1616
是医学的国家图书馆。
03:01
is the National国民 Library图书馆 of Medicine医学,
53
169960
1840
03:04
which哪一个 contains包含 25 million百万 articles用品 --
54
172520
2736
这里收藏了2500万的文献:
03:07
the brain trust相信 of life science科学
and biomedical生物医药 research研究.
55
175280
4240
生命科学和生物研究的智囊团。
03:12
We can use keywords关键字
to search搜索 that database数据库,
56
180080
3376
我们可以用关键词来搜索数据,
当我们这么做的时候,
03:15
and when we do that,
57
183480
1256
03:16
we discover发现 nearly几乎 a million百万
articles用品 about pregnancy怀孕,
58
184760
3080
我们发现了将近一百万的文章是关于怀孕的,
03:20
but far fewer about
breast乳房 milk牛奶 and lactation哺乳期.
59
188640
3360
但是关于母乳喂养和哺乳期的却非常少。
03:24
When we zoom放大 in on the number of articles用品
just investigating调查 breast乳房 milk牛奶,
60
192840
4000
当我们放大这些文章的数量,只搜索母乳喂养时,
03:29
we see that we know much more
about coffee咖啡, wine红酒 and tomatoes番茄.
61
197480
4496
我们发现更多是关于咖啡,酒和番茄的。
(笑声)
03:34
(Laughter笑声)
62
202000
1200
03:36
We know over twice两次 as much
about erectile勃起 dysfunction功能障碍.
63
204520
3696
我们知道的有关勃起障碍的都比这个两倍多。
03:40
(Laughter笑声)
64
208240
1520
(笑声)
03:44
I'm not saying we shouldn't不能
know about those things --
65
212240
2576
我不是说我们不应该了解这些事情,
我是一名科学家,我觉得我们应该研究所有东西。
03:46
I'm a scientist科学家, I think
we should know about everything.
66
214840
2696
03:49
But that we know so much less --
67
217560
2336
但是我们所知甚少的是,
(笑声)
03:51
(Laughter笑声)
68
219920
1776
有关母乳喂养方面,
03:53
about breast乳房 milk牛奶 --
69
221720
1296
03:55
the first fluid流体 a young年轻 mammal哺乳动物
is adapted适应 to consume消耗 --
70
223040
2776
年幼的哺乳动物可以摄入的第一种液体,
这应该让我们感到愤怒。
03:57
should make us angry愤怒.
71
225840
1360
03:59
Globally在全球范围内, nine out of 10 women妇女 will
have at least最小 one child儿童 in her lifetime一生.
72
227960
4496
全球来说,九成的女性会在生命中至少有一名孩子。
也就意味着每年将近有1.3亿的婴儿出生。
04:04
That means手段 that nearly几乎 130 million百万
babies婴儿 are born天生 each year.
73
232480
4456
这些母亲和孩子值得我们为他们做最好的科学研究。
04:08
These mothers母亲 and babies婴儿
deserve值得 our best最好 science科学.
74
236960
3120
04:13
Recent最近 research研究 has shown显示
that milk牛奶 doesn't just grow增长 the body身体,
75
241080
3656
近期的研究表明,母乳不仅仅是支持身体生长,
也影响行为和大脑生长。
04:16
it fuels燃料 behavior行为
and shapes形状 neurodevelopment神经发育.
76
244760
3240
04:20
In 2015, researchers研究人员 discovered发现
77
248800
3016
2015年,研究人员发现
母乳和婴儿口水的混合物,
04:23
that the mixture混合物 of breast乳房 milk牛奶
and baby宝宝 saliva唾液 --
78
251840
2976
尤其是婴儿的口水,
04:26
specifically特别, baby宝宝 saliva唾液 --
79
254840
2056
04:28
causes原因 a chemical化学 reaction反应
that produces产生 hydrogen peroxide过氧化物
80
256920
3816
能够发生化学反应,来产生过氧化氢,
(过氧化氢)可以杀死葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌。
04:32
that can kill staph金黄色葡萄球菌 and salmonella沙门氏菌.
81
260760
1760
04:35
And from humans人类 and other mammal哺乳动物 species种类,
82
263880
2176
在研究人类和其他哺乳动物时,
04:38
we're starting开始 to understand理解
that the biological生物 recipe食谱 of milk牛奶
83
266080
3416
我们发现人类自然分泌的母乳,
04:41
can be different不同 when produced生成
for sons儿子 or daughters女儿.
84
269520
3120
也可能因为(喂养)男孩和女孩而不同。
04:45
When we reach达到 for donor捐赠者 milk牛奶
in the neonatal新生儿 intensive集约 care关心 unit单元,
85
273560
3616
新生儿重症监护室里的捐赠牛奶,
和商店货架上的配方奶,
04:49
or formula on the store商店 shelf,
86
277200
1976
04:51
it's nearly几乎 one-size-fits-all一个尺寸适合所有人.
87
279200
2320
那基本上是一个配方供给所有婴儿。
04:53
We aren't thinking思维 about how sons儿子
and daughters女儿 may可能 grow增长 at different不同 rates利率,
88
281960
4256
我们没有考虑到男孩和女孩成长的不同节奏,
或是不同方式,
04:58
or different不同 ways方法,
89
286240
1216
04:59
and that milk牛奶 may可能 be a part部分 of that.
90
287480
1720
(不同的)母乳可能是其中之一的原因。
05:02
Mothers母亲 have gotten得到 the message信息
91
290200
1936
母亲能收到信号,
05:04
and the vast广大 majority多数 of mothers母亲
intend打算 to breastfeed母乳喂养,
92
292160
3416
绝大部分的母亲打算母乳喂养,
05:07
but many许多 do not reach达到
their breastfeeding哺乳 goals目标.
93
295600
2840
但是很多人达不到她们母乳喂养的目标。
05:11
That is not their failure失败;
94
299520
2096
这不是她们的失职。
是我们的。
05:13
it's ours我们的.
95
301640
1440
05:15
Increasingly日益 common共同 medical conditions条件
like obesity肥胖, endocrine内分泌 disorders障碍,
96
303760
4576
持续增长的常见身体状况,例如肥胖,内分泌失调
剖腹产和早产,
05:20
C-section剖腹产 and preterm早产 births出生
97
308360
1616
05:22
all can disrupt破坏 the underlying底层
biology生物学 of lactation哺乳期.
98
310000
2600
都可能会干扰到深层生理上的哺乳行为。
05:25
And many许多 women妇女 do not have
knowledgeable懂行 clinical临床 support支持.
99
313280
3720
很多女性没有得到专业性强的临床医务人员的支持。
05:29
Twenty-five二十五 years年份 ago,
100
317520
1376
二十五年前,
世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会设立了一系列
05:30
the World世界 Health健康 Organization组织
and UNICEF联合国儿童基金会 established既定 criteria标准
101
318920
3856
爱婴医院的标准,
05:34
for hospitals医院 to be
considered考虑 baby宝宝 friendly友善 --
102
322800
2576
(爱婴医院)要最大化的帮助支持
05:37
that provide提供 the optimal最佳 level水平
of support支持 for mother-infant母婴 bonding结合
103
325400
3816
建立母婴关系和婴儿喂养。
05:41
and infant婴儿 feeding馈送.
104
329240
1320
05:43
Today今天, only one in five babies婴儿
in the United联合的 States状态
105
331480
3376
现在,在美国只有五分之一的婴儿
是出生在这种爱婴医院里的。
05:46
is born天生 in a baby-friendly爱婴医院 hospital醫院.
106
334880
2160
05:51
This is a problem问题,
107
339200
1256
这是个问题,
05:52
because mothers母亲 can grapple抓钩
with many许多 problems问题
108
340480
2856
因为母亲在哺乳时,可能在分分钟之内,几小时里,
05:55
in the minutes分钟, hours小时, days
and weeks of lactation哺乳期.
109
343360
4056
几天内,几周里遇到很多问题。
她们可能会在如何控制乳汁,
05:59
They can have struggles斗争
with establishing建立 latch,
110
347440
2496
疼痛,
06:01
with pain疼痛,
111
349960
1216
乳汁分泌,
06:03
with milk牛奶 letdown失望
112
351200
1216
或者是对母乳供应的看法这些方面遇到问题。
06:04
and perceptions看法 of milk牛奶 supply供应.
113
352440
1480
06:07
These mothers母亲 deserve值得
knowledgeable懂行 clinical临床 staff员工
114
355000
4496
这些母亲需要熟悉这些过程的
专业性强的临床医务人员。
06:11
that understand理解 these processes流程.
115
359520
2200
06:14
Mothers母亲 will call me as they're
grappling擒拿 with these struggles斗争,
116
362480
3520
母亲们在遇到这些问题的时候,
会我打电话,用带着哭腔的声音说:
06:18
crying哭了 with wobbly摇摆不定 voices声音.
117
366880
2400
06:23
"It's not working加工.
118
371400
1200
“我做不到,
06:25
This is what I'm supposed应该
to naturally自然 be able能够 to do.
119
373240
2656
这是应该是我天生就能做到的,
为什么现在做不到?”
06:27
Why is it not working加工?"
120
375920
1240
06:30
And just because something
is evolutionarily进化 ancient
121
378240
2840
仅仅因为有些事情在进化中是相当古老的,
06:33
doesn't mean that it's easy简单
or that we're instantly即刻 good at it.
122
381840
2960
并不意味着这是简单的,或者说我们立刻就能驾驭的。
06:37
You know what else其他
is evolutionarily进化 ancient?
123
385560
2656
你知道还有什么是在进化中是相当古老的吗?
06:40
(Laughter笑声)
124
388240
2280
(笑声)
06:44
Sex性别.
125
392200
1296
性。
06:45
And nobody没有人 expects预计 us
to start开始 out being存在 good at it.
126
393520
2936
没有人期待我们生来就擅长这个。
06:48
(Laughter笑声)
127
396480
2160
(笑声)
06:51
Clinicians临床 医师 best最好 deliver交付
quality质量 equitable公平 care关心
128
399480
4536
临床医生能够为产妇提供最好的护理,
在他们持续接受
06:56
when they have continuing继续 education教育
129
404040
2016
一些关于如何最佳支持母乳和母乳喂养方面教育的时候
06:58
about how to best最好 support支持
lactation哺乳期 and breastfeeding哺乳.
130
406080
3120
07:01
And in order订购 to have
that continuing继续 education教育,
131
409840
2216
为了能使这种教育继续,
我们需要继续最先进的研究,
07:04
we need to anchor it
to cutting-edge前沿 research研究
132
412080
2136
在生命科学和社会科学方面。
07:06
in both the life sciences科学
and the social社会 sciences科学,
133
414240
3496
因为我们需要认识到,
07:09
because we need to recognize认识
134
417760
1696
07:11
that too often经常
135
419480
1280
很常见的情况,
07:13
historical历史的 traumas创伤 and implicit含蓄 biases偏见
136
421640
3416
历史创伤和潜在偏见,
存在于一个新手妈妈和她的医务护理中。
07:17
sit in the space空间 between之间
a new mother母亲 and her clinician临床医生.
137
425080
3520
07:21
The body身体 is political政治.
138
429680
1600
身体是敏感的。
07:24
If our breastfeeding哺乳 support支持
is not intersectional交叉,
139
432760
3696
如果我们对母乳喂养的支持不是相互交叉的,
那就做的不够好。
07:28
it's not good enough足够.
140
436480
1880
07:31
And for moms妈妈 who have to return返回 for work,
141
439120
2976
还有那些需要回到工作中去的母亲们,
07:34
because countries国家 like the United联合的 States状态
do not provide提供 paid支付 parental父母 leave离开,
142
442120
5016
因为像美国这样的国家,不提供带薪产假,
公司可以让你生产完之后几天之内,就尽快回到岗位。
07:39
they can have to go back in as short
as just a few少数 days after giving birth分娩.
143
447160
4160
07:44
How do we optimize优化
mother母亲 and infant婴儿 health健康
144
452400
3336
我们如何使母亲和婴儿健康最大化,
07:47
just by messaging消息
about breast乳房 milk牛奶 to moms妈妈
145
455760
3336
仅仅通过向母亲传达关于母乳喂养的信号,
而没有提供制度支持
07:51
without providing提供
the institutional制度 support支持
146
459120
2776
来促进母亲和婴儿之间的关系
07:53
that facilitates功能有助于
that mother-infant母婴 bonding结合
147
461920
2656
来支持母乳喂养呢?
07:56
to support支持 breastfeeding哺乳?
148
464600
1440
07:58
The answer回答 is: we can't.
149
466680
2000
答案是:我们做不到。
08:03
I'm talking to you, legislators立法者,
150
471000
2456
我在对你们说,立法人,
还有那些为他们投票的人。
08:05
and the voters选民 who elect them.
151
473480
1936
08:07
I'm talking to you, job工作 creators创作者
and collective集体 bargaining议价 units单位,
152
475440
4696
我在对你们说,提供岗位的老板,和有独立交涉权的工会单位,
工人和股票持有人。
08:12
and workers工人, and shareholders股东.
153
480160
2160
08:15
We all have a stake赌注
in the public上市 health健康 of our community社区,
154
483360
3936
公共健康跟我们每个人的利益相关,
我们都在达成目标中担任一份角色,
08:19
and we all have a role角色
to play in achieving实现 it.
155
487320
2960
08:23
Breast乳房 milk牛奶 is a part部分
of improving提高 human人的 health健康.
156
491200
3080
母乳喂养是改善人类健康的一部分。
08:27
In the NICUNICU, when infants婴儿 are born天生
early or sick生病 or injured受伤,
157
495000
4016
在新生儿监护病房,当婴儿早产或者生病或者受伤时,
08:31
milk牛奶 or bioactive生物活性 constituents成分 in milk牛奶
can be critically危重 important重要.
158
499040
3720
母乳或者母乳里的微生物成分可能是非常重要的。
08:35
Environments环境 or ecologies生态,
159
503360
1416
环境,生态
社区,那些疾病易感染区,
08:36
or communities社区 where there's
high risk风险 of infectious传染病 disease疾病,
160
504800
3216
08:40
breast乳房 milk牛奶 can be incredibly令人难以置信 protective保护的.
161
508040
2456
母乳是非常起保护作用的。
08:42
Where there are emergencies紧急情况
like storms风暴 and earthquakes地震,
162
510520
3615
当有紧急情况发生时,比如说风暴来临或者发生地震,
当断电的时候,
08:46
when the electricity电力 goes out,
163
514159
1496
08:47
when safe安全 water is not available可得到,
164
515679
1976
当缺少安全饮用水的时候,
08:49
breast乳房 milk牛奶 can keep babies婴儿
fed美联储 and hydrated水合.
165
517679
2801
母乳可以使婴儿有饭吃,不脱水,
08:54
And in the context上下文 of humanitarian人道主义 crises危机,
166
522360
2696
在人道主义危机的情况下,
08:57
like Syrian叙利亚的 mothers母亲 fleeing逃离 war战争 zones,
167
525080
2200
像叙利亚的母亲们逃出战争区,
09:00
the smallest最少 drops滴剂 can buffer缓冲 babies婴儿
from the biggest最大 global全球 challenges挑战.
168
528240
5520
一小滴的母乳可以帮助婴儿面对最大的全球挑战。
09:07
But understanding理解 breast乳房 milk牛奶
is not just about messaging消息 to mothers母亲
169
535480
4736
但是对母乳的了解不仅仅是传达信息
给母亲们和政策制定人,
09:12
and policy政策 makers制造商.
170
540240
1520
09:14
It's also about understanding理解
what is important重要 in breast乳房 milk牛奶
171
542080
3096
同样也要认识到母乳中什么最重要,
09:17
so that we can deliver交付 better formulas公式
172
545200
2776
因此我们可以来研究更好的配方,
09:20
to moms妈妈 who cannot不能 or do not
breastfeed母乳喂养 for whatever随你 reason原因.
173
548000
3800
提供给那些因为某种原因不能够或者没法母乳喂养的母亲们。
09:24
We can all do a better job工作
174
552440
1816
我们可以都做的更好一些
09:26
of supporting支持 the diversity多样
of moms妈妈 raising提高 their babies婴儿
175
554280
3296
来支持不同的母亲用不同的方式
来养育她们的孩子。
09:29
in a diversity多样 of ways方法.
176
557600
1720
09:32
As women妇女 around the world世界 struggle斗争
177
560680
1856
当世界上的女性争取
09:34
to achieve实现 political政治,
social社会 and economic经济 equality平等,
178
562560
3656
政治、社会、经济平等时,
我们必须重新考虑母亲的角色
09:38
we must必须 reimagine重新构想 motherhood母亲
179
566240
2536
09:40
as not the central中央,
core核心 aspect方面 of womanhood女大十八变,
180
568800
5216
不只关注中心,女性所有角色的最中心方面,
而是关注能凸显女性光辉的很多潜质中的这一点。
09:46
but one of the many许多 potential潜在 facets
of what makes品牌 women妇女 awesome真棒.
181
574040
4480
09:51
It's time.
182
579080
1200
是时候了。
09:53
(Applause掌声)
183
581040
5403
(掌声)
Translated by Ling Chen
Reviewed by Jiawei Ni

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Katie Hinde - Lactation researcher
Katie Hinde is studying breast milk’s status as the first superfood, providing babies with invaluable microbes custom-tailored to their individual needs, via an incredible and unlikely dialogue between the mother’s enzymes and the baby’s saliva.

Why you should listen

Did you know mother's milk is older than dinosaurs? Or that the "biological recipe" of milk differs for sons and daughters? Or that milk doesn't just build babies but fuels them too? Mother's milk is the food, medicine and message that organize a baby's brain, body and behavior. What we take for granted in the grocery store dairy aisle has been shaped by hundreds of millions of years of natural selection. As scientists decode the mysteries of milk, we gain essential new tools for human health and well-being.

Scientist, writer and advocate, Katie Hinde, PhD, explores the dynamic interactions between mothers, milk, and infants. Author of dozens of essays and academic articles, Hinde situates her work at the intersection of the life sciences and social sciences to inform parents, clinicians and policy-makers about institutional and inter-personal support of mothers and babies. Hinde co-authored the book Building Babies and founded the science outreach blog, "Mammals Suck…Milk!"

Hinde earned a PhD in Anthropology at UCLA, completed post-doctoral training in neuroscience at the California National Primate Research Center, and then launched her faculty career in the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. Now an Associate Professor, Hinde is the Director of the Comparative Lactation Lab in the Center for Evolution and Medicine and the School of Human Evolution and Social Change at Arizona State University.

Described as "The Milk Maven" in the inaugural Grist 50 list of "innovators, organizers and visionaries who will lead us toward a more sustainable future," Hinde's work was highlighted for tackling social justice in health and research. From considering how milk feeds microbes to researching how milk shapes infant behavior , her research has been featured in the New York Times, National Geographic, La Presse, Wall Street Journal, Quartz and more. Hinde has been recognized with Early Career Awards from the International Society for Research in Human Milk and Lactation and the American Society of Primatologists for making outstanding, original contributions to these fields as a young investigator.

Importantly, Hinde is dedicated to science outreach and building enthusiasm for animals, ecology and behavior. In 2013, Hinde created the annual March Mammal Madness, a month-long science outreach extravaganza that is used in hundreds of classrooms described by Deadspin Deputy Editor Barry Petchesky as "the only bracket you need."

Understanding milk can directly translate to more personalized clinical recommendations and health optimization for mothers and their infants as well as substantiate the importance of infrastructure and institutional support for breastfeeding. Further, identifying the composition and function of milk informs the formulation of more representative artificial breast milk for those mothers facing obstacles or contraindications to breastfeeding. Lastly, decoding mother's milk will allow for enhanced precision medicine for the most fragile infants and children in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. Such integrative approaches to mother's milk take discoveries at the bench to applications at the bedside.

More profile about the speaker
Katie Hinde | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

This site was created in May 2015 and the last update was on January 12, 2020. It will no longer be updated.

We are currently creating a new site called "eng.lish.video" and would be grateful if you could access it.

If you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to write comments in your language on the contact form.

Privacy Policy

Developer's Blog

Buy Me A Coffee