ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Katie Hinde - Lactation researcher
Katie Hinde is studying breast milk’s status as the first superfood, providing babies with invaluable microbes custom-tailored to their individual needs, via an incredible and unlikely dialogue between the mother’s enzymes and the baby’s saliva.

Why you should listen

Did you know mother's milk is older than dinosaurs? Or that the "biological recipe" of milk differs for sons and daughters? Or that milk doesn't just build babies but fuels them too? Mother's milk is the food, medicine and message that organize a baby's brain, body and behavior. What we take for granted in the grocery store dairy aisle has been shaped by hundreds of millions of years of natural selection. As scientists decode the mysteries of milk, we gain essential new tools for human health and well-being.

Scientist, writer and advocate, Katie Hinde, PhD, explores the dynamic interactions between mothers, milk, and infants. Author of dozens of essays and academic articles, Hinde situates her work at the intersection of the life sciences and social sciences to inform parents, clinicians and policy-makers about institutional and inter-personal support of mothers and babies. Hinde co-authored the book Building Babies and founded the science outreach blog, "Mammals Suck…Milk!"

Hinde earned a PhD in Anthropology at UCLA, completed post-doctoral training in neuroscience at the California National Primate Research Center, and then launched her faculty career in the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. Now an Associate Professor, Hinde is the Director of the Comparative Lactation Lab in the Center for Evolution and Medicine and the School of Human Evolution and Social Change at Arizona State University.

Described as "The Milk Maven" in the inaugural Grist 50 list of "innovators, organizers and visionaries who will lead us toward a more sustainable future," Hinde's work was highlighted for tackling social justice in health and research. From considering how milk feeds microbes to researching how milk shapes infant behavior , her research has been featured in the New York Times, National Geographic, La Presse, Wall Street Journal, Quartz and more. Hinde has been recognized with Early Career Awards from the International Society for Research in Human Milk and Lactation and the American Society of Primatologists for making outstanding, original contributions to these fields as a young investigator.

Importantly, Hinde is dedicated to science outreach and building enthusiasm for animals, ecology and behavior. In 2013, Hinde created the annual March Mammal Madness, a month-long science outreach extravaganza that is used in hundreds of classrooms described by Deadspin Deputy Editor Barry Petchesky as "the only bracket you need."

Understanding milk can directly translate to more personalized clinical recommendations and health optimization for mothers and their infants as well as substantiate the importance of infrastructure and institutional support for breastfeeding. Further, identifying the composition and function of milk informs the formulation of more representative artificial breast milk for those mothers facing obstacles or contraindications to breastfeeding. Lastly, decoding mother's milk will allow for enhanced precision medicine for the most fragile infants and children in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. Such integrative approaches to mother's milk take discoveries at the bench to applications at the bedside.

More profile about the speaker
Katie Hinde | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2016

Katie Hinde: What we don't know about mother's milk

凱蒂·亨德: 我們對母乳的未知

Filmed:
1,413,994 views

母乳使嬰兒身體成長,補給神經發育之需,和提供必要的免疫因數和防治飢荒和疾病──但為什麼科學了解番茄多過於母乳呢?凱蒂·欣德(Katie Hinde)分享關於這個複雜的生命物質的見解,並討論科學研究是否能幫助人類了解更多關於母乳奧秘。
- Lactation researcher
Katie Hinde is studying breast milk’s status as the first superfood, providing babies with invaluable microbes custom-tailored to their individual needs, via an incredible and unlikely dialogue between the mother’s enzymes and the baby’s saliva. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Have you ever heard聽說 the one
about how breastfeeding哺乳 is free自由?
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你們有聽過,
媽媽哺乳嬰兒提供的是免費餐嗎?
00:17
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
00:18
Yeah, it's pretty漂亮 funny滑稽,
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真的蠻可笑的……
00:20
because it's only free自由 if we don't value
women's女士的 time and energy能源.
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只有在你不把
女人付出的時間和精力,
當作一回事的時候,
你才能說嬰兒餐是免費的。
00:27
Any mother母親 can tell you
how much time and energy能源 it takes
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任何母親都能告訴你,
這有多耗時間和精力。
00:31
to liquify液化 her body身體 --
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把自己的身體液化──
00:33
to literally按照字面 dissolve溶解 herself她自己 --
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可以說是把自己溶化掉──
00:36
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
00:37
as she feeds供稿 this precious珍貴
little cannibal食人族.
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來餵這個可愛的食人族寶寶。
00:41
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
00:43
Milk牛奶 is why mammals哺乳動物 suck吮吸.
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奶是哺乳動物吸吮的原因。
00:47
At Arizona亞利桑那 State University大學,
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在亞利桑那州立大學
比較哺乳學實驗室裡,
00:49
in the Comparative比較 Lactation哺乳期 Lab實驗室,
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00:51
I decode解碼 mothers'母親 milk牛奶 composition組成
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我剖析母乳的成分,
00:54
to understand理解 its complexity複雜
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去了解其複雜性,
00:57
and how it influences影響 infant嬰兒 development發展.
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以及它如何影響嬰兒的發育。
01:00
The most important重要 thing that I've learned學到了
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我學到最重要的,
01:03
is that we do not do enough足夠
to support支持 mothers母親 and babies嬰兒.
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是我們缺乏母親和嬰兒之扶助。
01:09
And when we fail失敗 mothers母親 and babies嬰兒,
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當母親和嬰兒獲得的支持不足時,
01:11
we fail失敗 everyone大家
who loves mothers母親 and babies嬰兒:
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我們也辜負了
所有愛母親和嬰兒的人。
01:16
the fathers父親, the partners夥伴,
the grandparents祖父母, the aunties阿姨,
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父親們、伴侶們、
祖父母們、阿姨們、
01:19
the friends朋友 and kin親屬
that make our human人的 social社會 networks網絡.
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親友們,和我們
社會中的人倫網絡成員。
01:24
It's time that we abandon放棄
simple簡單 solutions解決方案 and simple簡單 slogans口號,
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現在是我們該捨棄簡單的解決方案
或簡單的口號,
01:29
and grapple抓鉤 with the nuance細微差別.
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去了解其個中的細微好壞的時候了。
01:32
I was very fortunate幸運
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我很幸運,
01:33
to run smack-dab嫌-DAB
into that nuance細微差別 very early,
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很早就能意識到這個細微的差異,
01:37
during my first interview訪問
with a journalist記者
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在我第一次受記者採訪的時候。
01:40
when she asked me,
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她就問我:
01:41
"How long should a mother母親
breastfeed母乳喂養 her baby寶寶?"
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「媽媽應該用母乳
餵養她的寶寶多久呢?」
01:48
And it was that word "should"
that brought me up short,
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就是這個詞「應該」 ,
讓我思考了很久,
01:52
because I will never tell a woman女人
what she should do with her body身體.
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因為我永遠不會告訴一個女人
她「應該」用她的身體做什麼。
01:58
Babies嬰兒 survive生存 and thrive興旺
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寶寶能生存和茁壯成長,
02:00
because their mother's母親 milk牛奶
is food餐飲, medicine醫學 and signal信號.
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是因為母乳是寶寶的
食物、藥物和信號。
02:05
For young年輕 infants嬰兒,
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對於數周的嬰兒,
02:06
mother's母親 milk牛奶 is a complete完成 diet飲食
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母乳是一種全面的營養飲食,
02:08
that provides提供 all the building建造
blocks for their bodies身體,
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提供他們身體所要的所有必需物,
02:11
that shapes形狀 their brain
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塑造了嬰兒的大腦,
02:12
and fuels燃料 all of their activity活動.
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並為其所有的活動提供燃料。
02:15
Mother's母親 milk牛奶 also feeds供稿 the microbes微生物
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母乳也餵養著那些,
正在嬰兒腸道內繁殖的微生物。
02:17
that are colonizing殖民
the infant's嬰兒 intestinal tract管道.
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02:20
Mothers母親 aren't just eating for two,
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母親飲食不只是為兩個人在吃而已,
02:22
they're eating for two to the trillions萬億.
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同時也是為了數億個微生物在吃。
02:26
Milk牛奶 provides提供 immunofactorsimmunofactors
that help fight鬥爭 pathogens病原體
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乳汁提供有助於
打擊病原體的免疫因數,
02:31
and mother's母親 milk牛奶 provides提供 hormones激素
that signal信號 to the infant's嬰兒 body身體.
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母乳提供向嬰兒身體
發出信號的激素。
02:36
But in recent最近 decades幾十年,
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但近幾十年來,
02:38
we have come to take milk牛奶 for granted理所當然.
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我們忽略了乳汁的重要性。
02:40
We stopped停止 seeing眼看
something in plain sight視力.
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我們對這明顯的事情視若無睹:
02:43
We began開始 to think of milk牛奶 as standardized標準化,
homogenized勻漿, pasteurized巴氏殺菌,
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我們開始視乳汁為標準化、
均質處理、殺菌過、
02:48
packaged包裝, powdered粉狀,
flavored有味 and formulated制定.
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包裝的、粉末狀的、
加添風味、和科學配方的。
02:52
We abandoned the milk牛奶 of human人的 kindness善良
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我們捨棄了人類的母乳,
02:54
and turned轉身 our priorities優先 elsewhere別處.
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並把我們的重心放在別處了。
02:58
At the National國民 Institutes研究院 of Health健康
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位於美國國立衛生研究院內,
03:00
in Washington華盛頓 DCDC
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在華盛頓特區,
03:01
is the National國民 Library圖書館 of Medicine醫學,
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座落著美國國家醫學圖書館。
03:04
which哪一個 contains包含 25 million百萬 articles用品 --
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它存放著 2500 萬個文檔──
03:07
the brain trust相信 of life science科學
and biomedical生物醫藥 research研究.
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是生命科學和生物醫學研究
寶貴資料收藏地。
03:12
We can use keywords關鍵字
to search搜索 that database數據庫,
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我們可以使用關鍵字
來搜索該資料庫,
03:15
and when we do that,
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當我們這樣做時,
03:16
we discover發現 nearly幾乎 a million百萬
articles用品 about pregnancy懷孕,
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我們發現近一百萬篇
關於懷孕的文章,
03:20
but far fewer about
breast乳房 milk牛奶 and lactation哺乳期.
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但關於母乳和哺乳期的就少多了。
03:24
When we zoom放大 in on the number of articles用品
just investigating調查 breast乳房 milk牛奶,
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當我們再深入查看
關於母乳的專題文章數量時,
03:29
we see that we know much more
about coffee咖啡, wine紅酒 and tomatoes番茄.
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我們看到,原來我們更了解
咖啡、葡萄酒和番茄。
03:34
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:36
We know over twice兩次 as much
about erectile勃起 dysfunction功能障礙.
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而我們對於勃起功能障礙的了解
更是兩倍之多。
03:40
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:44
I'm not saying we shouldn't不能
know about those things --
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我不是說,我們不應該
知道這些事情──
我是科學家,
我想我們應該知道一切事物的。
03:46
I'm a scientist科學家, I think
we should know about everything.
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但同時我們也知道,
我們懂得也太少了。
03:49
But that we know so much less --
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03:51
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
但動物的母乳──
03:53
about breast乳房 milk牛奶 --
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03:55
the first fluid流體 a young年輕 mammal哺乳動物
is adapted適應 to consume消耗 --
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是新生哺乳動物寶寶
第一口喝到的流體食物──
03:57
should make us angry憤怒.
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這應該讓我們覺得生氣。
03:59
Globally在全球範圍內, nine out of 10 women婦女 will
have at least最小 one child兒童 in her lifetime一生.
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在全球,10 名女性中有 9 名會在
她一生中至少生一個孩子。
04:04
That means手段 that nearly幾乎 130 million百萬
babies嬰兒 are born天生 each year.
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這意味著每年有近 1.3 億嬰兒出生。
04:08
These mothers母親 and babies嬰兒
deserve值得 our best最好 science科學.
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這些母親和嬰兒
值得我們最好的科學協助。
04:13
Recent最近 research研究 has shown顯示
that milk牛奶 doesn't just grow增長 the body身體,
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最近的研究更證明,
奶類不僅使身體發育長大,
04:16
it fuels燃料 behavior行為
and shapes形狀 neurodevelopment神經發育.
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它影響我們的表現,
更領導著神經發展的方向。
04:20
In 2015, researchers研究人員 discovered發現
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在 2015 年,研究人員發現,
04:23
that the mixture混合物 of breast乳房 milk牛奶
and baby寶寶 saliva唾液 --
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母乳和嬰兒唾液的混合物 ,
04:26
specifically特別, baby寶寶 saliva唾液 --
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特別是嬰兒之唾液 ,
04:28
causes原因 a chemical化學 reaction反應
that produces產生 hydrogen peroxide過氧化物
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能引起化學反應而產生過氧化氫,
04:32
that can kill staph金黃色葡萄球菌 and salmonella沙門氏菌.
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來殺死葡萄球菌和沙門氏菌。
04:35
And from humans人類 and other mammal哺乳動物 species種類,
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而從人類和其他哺乳動物來看,
04:38
we're starting開始 to understand理解
that the biological生物 recipe食譜 of milk牛奶
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我們開始明白了,
奶類在成分對於生物的重要性。
04:41
can be different不同 when produced生成
for sons兒子 or daughters女兒.
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母奶分泌的成分
會因嬰兒的性別而改變。
04:45
When we reach達到 for donor捐贈者 milk牛奶
in the neonatal新生兒 intensive集約 care關心 unit單元,
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當我們為新生兒加護病房
拿取捐贈者奶時,
04:49
or formula on the store商店 shelf,
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或在架上的嬰兒配方牛奶時,
04:51
it's nearly幾乎 one-size-fits-all一個尺寸適合所有人.
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它們都是一體適用的。
04:53
We aren't thinking思維 about how sons兒子
and daughters女兒 may可能 grow增長 at different不同 rates利率,
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我們忽略了男嬰或女嬰
會以不同的速度成長,
04:58
or different不同 ways方法,
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甚至以不同的方式,
04:59
and that milk牛奶 may可能 be a part部分 of that.
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而奶類可能是其中的一部分成因。
05:02
Mothers母親 have gotten得到 the message信息
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很多母親已經明白和接受這信息,
05:04
and the vast廣大 majority多數 of mothers母親
intend打算 to breastfeed母乳喂養,
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而大多數的母親
也決定用母乳撫育嬰兒,
05:07
but many許多 do not reach達到
their breastfeeding哺乳 goals目標.
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但還是很多人沒有達到
她們的哺乳目標。
05:11
That is not their failure失敗;
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這不是她們的失敗,
05:13
it's ours我們的.
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而是我們的。
05:15
Increasingly日益 common共同 medical conditions條件
like obesity肥胖, endocrine內分泌 disorders障礙,
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日益普遍的醫療狀況
像肥胖、內分泌失調、
05:20
C-section剖腹產 and preterm早產 births出生
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剖腹產和早產嬰兒,
05:22
all can disrupt破壞 the underlying底層
biology生物學 of lactation哺乳期.
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所有這些都可能破壞泌乳之生物學。
05:25
And many許多 women婦女 do not have
knowledgeable懂行 clinical臨床 support支持.
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許多女人都沒獲得
有經驗人員的臨床支持。
05:29
Twenty-five二十五 years年份 ago,
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二十五年前,
05:30
the World世界 Health健康 Organization組織
and UNICEF聯合國兒童基金會 established既定 criteria標準
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世界衛生組織和兒童基金會制定了,
05:34
for hospitals醫院 to be
considered考慮 baby寶寶 friendly友善 --
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「寶寶友好醫院」認證的準則,
05:37
that provide提供 the optimal最佳 level水平
of support支持 for mother-infant母嬰 bonding結合
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來提供最有效的方法
幫助母親和嬰兒建立關係,
05:41
and infant嬰兒 feeding饋送.
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和嬰兒餵養。
05:43
Today今天, only one in five babies嬰兒
in the United聯合的 States狀態
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今天在美國只有五分之一的嬰兒
05:46
is born天生 in a baby-friendly愛嬰醫院 hospital醫院.
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是出生在寶寶友好醫院。
05:51
This is a problem問題,
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這就是個問題,
05:52
because mothers母親 can grapple抓鉤
with many許多 problems問題
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因為母親們要面對很多
05:55
in the minutes分鐘, hours小時, days
and weeks of lactation哺乳期.
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在哺乳期漫長時間中遇到的問題。
05:59
They can have struggles鬥爭
with establishing建立 latch,
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她們可能遇到嬰兒
不能順利含乳的問題,
或感到疼痛,
06:01
with pain疼痛,
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06:03
with milk牛奶 letdown失望
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或泌乳反射,
及母乳產量的錯誤認知。
06:04
and perceptions看法 of milk牛奶 supply供應.
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06:07
These mothers母親 deserve值得
knowledgeable懂行 clinical臨床 staff員工
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這些母親都該獲得對過程孰悉,
且經驗豐富的臨床人員之協助。
06:11
that understand理解 these processes流程.
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06:14
Mothers母親 will call me as they're
grappling擒拿 with these struggles鬥爭,
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遇到困難時,
這些母親會打電話給我,
06:18
crying哭了 with wobbly搖擺不定 voices聲音.
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顫抖的哭音說:
06:23
"It's not working加工.
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「做不到啊,
06:25
This is what I'm supposed應該
to naturally自然 be able能夠 to do.
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這是母性自然該能做的,
06:27
Why is it not working加工?"
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為什麼不行呢?」
06:30
And just because something
is evolutionarily進化 ancient
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雖然這些是自古進化而來的事,
06:33
doesn't mean that it's easy簡單
or that we're instantly即刻 good at it.
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但不意味我們一定也能。
06:37
You know what else其他
is evolutionarily進化 ancient?
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你知道還有什麼
是上古以來就有的嗎?
06:40
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:44
Sex性別.
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性交配。
06:45
And nobody沒有人 expects預計 us
to start開始 out being存在 good at it.
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也沒有人期望我們
從一開始就很擅長的。
06:48
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:51
Clinicians臨床醫生 best最好 deliver交付
quality質量 equitable公平 care關心
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臨床醫生能提供最佳的護理。
06:56
when they have continuing繼續 education教育
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他們要繼續接受教育
06:58
about how to best最好 support支持
lactation哺乳期 and breastfeeding哺乳.
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學習如何有效支持哺乳期
和母乳餵養。
07:01
And in order訂購 to have
that continuing繼續 education教育,
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為了繼續推動這種教育,
07:04
we need to anchor it
to cutting-edge前沿 research研究
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我們必需同時在生命和社會科學,
07:06
in both the life sciences科學
and the social社會 sciences科學,
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都注入尖端的研究基礎,
07:09
because we need to recognize認識
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因為我們需要察覺到,
07:11
that too often經常
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很多時候,
07:13
historical歷史的 traumas創傷 and implicit含蓄 biases偏見
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歷史的創傷和隱性偏見,
07:17
sit in the space空間 between之間
a new mother母親 and her clinician臨床醫生.
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常常存在於新手媽媽,
和她們的臨床醫生之間。
07:21
The body身體 is political政治.
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人體是政治化的。
07:24
If our breastfeeding哺乳 support支持
is not intersectional交叉,
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如果對於母乳喂養的支持
不能彼此產生互動的話,
07:28
it's not good enough足夠.
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就代表它還不夠好。
07:31
And for moms媽媽 who have to return返回 for work,
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而對急著返回工作的媽媽,
07:34
because countries國家 like the United聯合的 States狀態
do not provide提供 paid支付 parental父母 leave離開,
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5016
因為像美國這樣的國家
是不提供帶薪育嬰假的,
07:39
they can have to go back in as short
as just a few少數 days after giving birth分娩.
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媽媽可能在生育後幾天就回家。
07:44
How do we optimize優化
mother母親 and infant嬰兒 health健康
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我們怎能優化母親和嬰兒健康,
07:47
just by messaging消息
about breast乳房 milk牛奶 to moms媽媽
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如果只是傳遞
母乳好處的訊息給媽媽,
07:51
without providing提供
the institutional制度 support支持
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而沒有體制上的支援,
07:53
that facilitates功能有助於
that mother-infant母嬰 bonding結合
147
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那種促進母乳餵養嬰兒的支持 ,
07:56
to support支持 breastfeeding哺乳?
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我們怎麼可能成功呢?
07:58
The answer回答 is: we can't.
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答案是:我們是無法成功的。
08:03
I'm talking to you, legislators立法者,
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我是在向立法委員
和你們的選民呼籲,
08:05
and the voters選民 who elect them.
151
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1936
08:07
I'm talking to you, job工作 creators創作者
and collective集體 bargaining議價 units單位,
152
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4696
還有老闆們、工會們
08:12
and workers工人, and shareholders股東.
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2160
員工們和股東們。
08:15
We all have a stake賭注
in the public上市 health健康 of our community社區,
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我們對社區公共衛生
負有成敗的責任,
08:19
and we all have a role角色
to play in achieving實現 it.
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我們都要扮好各自的角色
來促使它成功。
08:23
Breast乳房 milk牛奶 is a part部分
of improving提高 human人的 health健康.
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母乳是改善人類健康之一環。
在新生兒加護病房,
當嬰兒早產或生病受傷時,
08:27
In the NICUNICU, when infants嬰兒 are born天生
early or sick生病 or injured受傷,
157
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08:31
milk牛奶 or bioactive生物活性 constituents成分 in milk牛奶
can be critically危重 important重要.
158
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母乳和其中的生物活性成分
是至關重要的。
08:35
Environments環境 or ecologies生態,
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在生活、生態環境,
08:36
or communities社區 where there's
high risk風險 of infectious傳染病 disease疾病,
160
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或社區中有高風險傳染病時,
08:40
breast乳房 milk牛奶 can be incredibly令人難以置信 protective保護的.
161
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母乳可以發揮令人難以置信的保護。
08:42
Where there are emergencies緊急情況
like storms風暴 and earthquakes地震,
162
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發生緊急情況像颱風和地震,
08:46
when the electricity電力 goes out,
163
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當電力供應停止時,
08:47
when safe安全 water is not available可得到,
164
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當飲用水沒有時,
08:49
breast乳房 milk牛奶 can keep babies嬰兒
fed美聯儲 and hydrated水合.
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母乳仍可以餵養嬰兒和提供水份。
08:54
And in the context上下文 of humanitarian人道主義 crises危機,
166
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而且在人道危機的情況下,
08:57
like Syrian敘利亞的 mothers母親 fleeing逃離 war戰爭 zones,
167
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2200
像母親逃離敘利亞戰區之時候,
09:00
the smallest最少 drops滴劑 can buffer緩衝 babies嬰兒
from the biggest最大 global全球 challenges挑戰.
168
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只要一滴的母乳,
就能讓嬰兒在面臨生死一刻時,
還擁有一線生機。
09:07
But understanding理解 breast乳房 milk牛奶
is not just about messaging消息 to mothers母親
169
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4736
但是要讓人了解母乳撫育的觀念,
不能只靠提供
母親或決策者訊息而已。
09:12
and policy政策 makers製造商.
170
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09:14
It's also about understanding理解
what is important重要 in breast乳房 milk牛奶
171
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還要去了解母乳的重要成分是什麼,
09:17
so that we can deliver交付 better formulas公式
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這樣才能提供更佳的嬰兒配方奶粉,
給那些不能、或不願意親餵的媽媽。
09:20
to moms媽媽 who cannot不能 or do not
breastfeed母乳喂養 for whatever隨你 reason原因.
173
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3800
09:24
We can all do a better job工作
174
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我們大家都可以做得更好,
09:26
of supporting支持 the diversity多樣
of moms媽媽 raising提高 their babies嬰兒
175
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3296
來支持媽媽們來養育她們的寶寶,
09:29
in a diversity多樣 of ways方法.
176
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以多元化的方式。
09:32
As women婦女 around the world世界 struggle鬥爭
177
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1856
當世界各地的婦女,
為實現政治、
社會和經濟平等奮鬥時,
09:34
to achieve實現 political政治,
social社會 and economic經濟 equality平等,
178
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3656
09:38
we must必須 reimagine重新構想 motherhood母親
179
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我們必須重新思考母親的身分;
09:40
as not the central中央,
core核心 aspect方面 of womanhood女大十八變,
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這不是女性扮演的唯一核心角色,
09:46
but one of the many許多 potential潛在 facets
of what makes品牌 women婦女 awesome真棒.
181
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而是女性如此偉大的
一個潛在原因。
09:51
It's time.
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現在該是時候了。
09:53
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Wendy Chen
Reviewed by Ming Lee

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Katie Hinde - Lactation researcher
Katie Hinde is studying breast milk’s status as the first superfood, providing babies with invaluable microbes custom-tailored to their individual needs, via an incredible and unlikely dialogue between the mother’s enzymes and the baby’s saliva.

Why you should listen

Did you know mother's milk is older than dinosaurs? Or that the "biological recipe" of milk differs for sons and daughters? Or that milk doesn't just build babies but fuels them too? Mother's milk is the food, medicine and message that organize a baby's brain, body and behavior. What we take for granted in the grocery store dairy aisle has been shaped by hundreds of millions of years of natural selection. As scientists decode the mysteries of milk, we gain essential new tools for human health and well-being.

Scientist, writer and advocate, Katie Hinde, PhD, explores the dynamic interactions between mothers, milk, and infants. Author of dozens of essays and academic articles, Hinde situates her work at the intersection of the life sciences and social sciences to inform parents, clinicians and policy-makers about institutional and inter-personal support of mothers and babies. Hinde co-authored the book Building Babies and founded the science outreach blog, "Mammals Suck…Milk!"

Hinde earned a PhD in Anthropology at UCLA, completed post-doctoral training in neuroscience at the California National Primate Research Center, and then launched her faculty career in the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. Now an Associate Professor, Hinde is the Director of the Comparative Lactation Lab in the Center for Evolution and Medicine and the School of Human Evolution and Social Change at Arizona State University.

Described as "The Milk Maven" in the inaugural Grist 50 list of "innovators, organizers and visionaries who will lead us toward a more sustainable future," Hinde's work was highlighted for tackling social justice in health and research. From considering how milk feeds microbes to researching how milk shapes infant behavior , her research has been featured in the New York Times, National Geographic, La Presse, Wall Street Journal, Quartz and more. Hinde has been recognized with Early Career Awards from the International Society for Research in Human Milk and Lactation and the American Society of Primatologists for making outstanding, original contributions to these fields as a young investigator.

Importantly, Hinde is dedicated to science outreach and building enthusiasm for animals, ecology and behavior. In 2013, Hinde created the annual March Mammal Madness, a month-long science outreach extravaganza that is used in hundreds of classrooms described by Deadspin Deputy Editor Barry Petchesky as "the only bracket you need."

Understanding milk can directly translate to more personalized clinical recommendations and health optimization for mothers and their infants as well as substantiate the importance of infrastructure and institutional support for breastfeeding. Further, identifying the composition and function of milk informs the formulation of more representative artificial breast milk for those mothers facing obstacles or contraindications to breastfeeding. Lastly, decoding mother's milk will allow for enhanced precision medicine for the most fragile infants and children in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. Such integrative approaches to mother's milk take discoveries at the bench to applications at the bedside.

More profile about the speaker
Katie Hinde | Speaker | TED.com