Hector Garcia: We train soldiers for war. Let's train them to come home, too
Héctor García: Entrenamos soldados para la guerra, démosle entrenamiento para volver a casa también
Hector A. Garcia has spent his career as a frontline psychologist delivering evidence-based psychotherapies to veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
de la Guerra de Vietnam,
and got shot up in every one.
y en los tres recibió un disparo.
por razones médicas
metralla en su cuerpo
shrapnel in his body
he suffered from nightmares,
sufrió de pesadillas,
aislamiento, depresión,
por estrés postraumático
a mitigar el sufrimiento humano,
to help mitigate human suffering,
has been the suffering caused by PTSD,
ha sido el sufrimiento que causa el TEPT
just wasn't there.
simplemente no existía.
a algunos veteranos.
hacíamos terapia de grupo genérica;
and gave generic group therapy,
about your experiences."
todo sobre esas experiencias".
wilderness retreats --
perros terapéuticos, retiros naturales;
temporarily relieve stress,
alivien temporalmente el estrés,
PTSD symptoms over the long term.
los síntomas del TEPT a largo plazo.
that we can now eliminate PTSD,
ya podemos eliminar el TEPT,
has been able to show,
han podido demostrar
get rid of symptoms and which do not.
realmente los síntomas, y cuáles no.
many of the very same training principles
muchos de los principios de entrenamiento
in preparing its trainees for war.
a sus reclutas para ir a la guerra.
since before we were even fully human.
desde antes de ser completamente humanos.
from using stone and sinew
piedras y fuerza bruta, a desarrollar
and devastating weapon systems imaginable.
más sofisticados imaginables.
usen estas armas
to use these weapons,
training methods.
más novedosos.
our warriors to fight.
a nuestros guerreros para pelear.
del veterano en combate de hoy en día,
of the modern-day combat veteran,
have not been as good
no hemos sido tan buenos
immersed in conflict,
inmersos en conflictos
in our evolutionary history,
en nuestra historia evolutiva
cómo volver a casa de una guerra,
how to come home from war,
in far more peaceful societies,
vive en sociedades muy pacíficas;
we, especially in the United States,
especialmente en EE.UU.,
guerreros tengan un entrenamiento avanzado
our warriors through advanced training,
anywhere on the globe
en cualquier parte del mundo;
regreso a sus pacíficos suburbios.
what this must feel like.
cómo ha de sentirse eso.
y me han dicho que un día están
firefight in Afghanistan
en Afganistán,
se encuentran cargando una hielera
they found themselves
to their kid's soccer game.
para describir esa experiencia,
I've heard to describe that experience.
spend countless hours training for war,
horas sin fin entrenando para la guerra,
cómo retornar a la vida como civiles.
on how to return to civilian life.
PTSD treatments require repetition.
requieren de la repetición.
lanzagranadas Mark-19 a los reclutas
Mark-19 automatic grenade launchers
here's some ammo and good luck."
de munición, buena suerte".
and in specific contexts,
y bajo un contexto específico,
and engaging their target
y asegurar el objetivo
without even thinking,
sin siquiera pensar,
estrés que puedan imaginarse.
conditions you can imagine.
basados en entrenamiento.
for training base treatments.
is cognitive therapy,
es la "terapia cognitiva",
of mental recalibration.
de recalibración mental.
mentalmente al mundo
the world is calibrated
inmensamente más peligroso.
more dangerous environment.
onto a peacetime environment,
esa estructura mental
about dangers that aren't present.
que en realidad no están presentes,
tus familiares y amigos.
dangers in civilian life; there are.
en la vida civil, que sí los hay,
of encountering them
de que se presenten,
abandonar la precaución por completo.
to turn off caution completely.
to adjust caution
para ajustar la precaución
in a bad neighborhood,
para ser ferozmente racionales
the actual statistical probability
probabilidad real de encontrar, digamos,
here in peacetime America.
en tiempo de paz aquí en EE.UU.
those recalibrations stick.
esas recalibraciones se concretan.
es la terapia por exposición,
is exposure therapy,
de entrenamiento de campo,
comprobados y efectivos que existen.
effective treatments out there.
by giving him exercises,
ejercicios que para él eran retadores:
going to a restaurant,
ir a un restaurante,
pudiera escanear todo el lugar
where he could scan the room,
on a makeshift weapon.
in the Marine Corps,
Cuerpo de Marines de EE.UU.,
his anxiety ratcheted down a little bit,
su ansiedad decrecía un poco,
and then a little bit more,
y luego un poquito más.
how to sit in a public space
cómo sentarse en un sitio público
of his combat experiences,
de sus experiencias combatiendo,
no longer generated any anxiety.
ya no le generaran ansiedad alguna.
to return to those experiences
volver a esas experiencias
a year after treatment had finished,
than erasing a memory.
sus experiencias traumáticas,
their traumatic experiences,
or as painful as they once were.
o tan dolorosos, como fueron alguna vez.
like they just happened yesterday,
si apenas sucedió el día anterior,
better place to be.
en el cual estar.
it may not work for everybody.
puede que no funcione para todo el mundo
how can you help me?"
¿cómo puede ayudarme?"
to civilian life,
que haya estado allí.
somebody who's been there.
operaciones en el campo de batalla,
for operations on the battlefield;
para volver a casa.
that you can imagine,
que puedan imaginar.
where I have just felt my heart break
que mi corazón se quebraba,
treatments work so well,
entrenamientos funcionan tan bien
it puts back even more,
tome de mí, lo devuelve con creces
las vidas de las personas.
with his grandchildren,
salidas con sus nietos,
with his own children.
ni con sus propios hijos.
is that after 43 years of suffering,
es que después de 43 años de sufrimiento
entrenamiento intenso recuperar su vida.
of intense training to get his life back.
that I have left on this Earth,
los días que me quedan en esta Tierra,
younger veterans don't wait
la ayuda que necesitan".
de haber sobrevivido a una guerra,
to have survived war
experiencia traumática,
to live your life well.
de vivir la vida bien.
el tratamiento que necesita
to get the training you need
human suffering caused by war
sufrimiento humano causado por guerras,
llegado a ello como especie.
yet as a species.
in our sons and in our daughters
en nuestros hijos y nuestras hijas
the energy level, the value
la ciencia, que el nivel de energía,
al enviarlos a pelear una guerra,
en cuán bien los preparamos
to come back home to us.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hector Garcia - PsychologistHector A. Garcia has spent his career as a frontline psychologist delivering evidence-based psychotherapies to veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Why you should listen
Hector A. Garcia is a psychologist with the Valley Coastal Bend Veterans Health Care System and a clinical assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry at UT Health Science Center at San Antonio.
In his work as a researcher, Garcia examines barriers to PTSD care, masculine identity and its impact on PTSD treatment-seeking, and how occupational burnout impacts PTSD care providers, who daily hear detailed accounts of trauma. As a teacher and scientist, he explores how evolutionary psychology and biology have influenced human tendencies toward violence in religion.
Garcia's groundbreaking book, Alpha God: The Psychology of Religious Violence and Oppression, reveals how human evolutionary history has left us prone to religiously inspired bloodshed. In particular, he explains how men's competition over evolutionary resources -- especially sexual primacy and territorial control -- has too often been projected onto notions of God, resulting in religious warfare, the oppression of women and ecological devastation. His regular blog on Psychology Today examines the evolutionary psychology of violence, politics, religion and our everyday lives.
Hector Garcia | Speaker | TED.com