TED Residency
Daniel Bögre Udell: How to save a language from extinction
Daniel Bögre Udell: Kako spasiti jezik od izumiranja
Filmed:
Readability: 5.3
1,347,903 views
Čak 3.000 jezika moglo bi nestati u sljedećih 80 godina, što je ušutkavanje čitavih kultura. U ovom kratkom govoru, jezični aktivist Daniel Bögre Udell pokazuje kako ljudi širom svijeta pronalaze nove načine za oživljavanje jezika predaka i obnovu njihove tradicije -- te nas sve ohrabruje da istražujemo jezike svojih predaka. "Vraćanje jezika i prihvaćanje svoje kulture moćan je način da budete ono što jeste", kaže on.
Daniel Bögre Udell - Language activist
Daniel Bögre Udell is the cofounder and director of Wikitongues, working with a global network of grassroots linguists to build a seed bank of every language in the world. Full bio
Daniel Bögre Udell is the cofounder and director of Wikitongues, working with a global network of grassroots linguists to build a seed bank of every language in the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Languages don't just die naturally.
0
1524
2333
Jezici ne umiru prirodno.
00:16
People abandon mother tongues,
because they're forced to.
because they're forced to.
1
4706
3071
Ljudi napuštaju materinji jezik
jer su prisiljeni.
jer su prisiljeni.
00:20
Often, the pressure is political.
2
8651
2200
Taj pritisak je često politički.
00:23
In 1892,
3
11781
1396
1892. godine, Richard Henry Pratt,
00:25
the US Army general Richard Henry Pratt
4
13201
2246
general vojske SAD-a,
00:27
argued that killing indigenous cultures
5
15471
2508
tvrdio je kako je ubijanje
domorodačkih kultura
domorodačkih kultura
00:30
was the only alternative
to killing indigenous people.
to killing indigenous people.
6
18003
2888
jedina alternativa ubijanju
domorodačkih ljudi.
domorodačkih ljudi.
00:33
"Kill the Indian," he said,
"but save the man."
"but save the man."
7
21863
2682
Govorio je: "Ubij Indijanca,
ali poštedi čovjeka".
ali poštedi čovjeka".
00:37
And until 1978,
the government did just that,
the government did just that,
8
25688
3220
Sve do 1978. vlada je činila upravo to,
00:40
removing indigenous children
from their families
from their families
9
28932
3255
uzimajući domorodačku djecu
iz njihovih obitelji
iz njihovih obitelji
00:44
and forcing them into boarding schools
where they were given English names
where they were given English names
10
32211
3496
i tjerajući ih u internate
gdje su im davali engleska imena
gdje su im davali engleska imena
00:47
and punished for speaking their languages.
11
35731
2423
i kažnjavali ih zbog govorenja
njihovim jezikom.
njihovim jezikom.
00:50
Assimilation was a compliment to genocide.
12
38750
3082
Asimilacija je bila kompliment za genocid.
00:56
Seven thousand languages are alive today,
13
44029
2428
Danas ima sedam tisuća živih jezika,
00:58
but few are recognized
by their own governments
by their own governments
14
46481
2452
ali mali broj je priznat
od strane vlastitih vlada
od strane vlastitih vlada
01:00
or supported online.
15
48957
1334
ili postoji na internetu.
01:02
So for people from the vast
majority of cultures,
majority of cultures,
16
50919
2555
Tako za ljude iz velike većine kultura
01:05
globalization remains
profoundly alienating.
profoundly alienating.
17
53498
3000
globalizacija ostaje dubinsko otuđenje.
01:08
It means giving up your language
for someone else's.
for someone else's.
18
56919
3533
Ona znači odustajanje od vlastitog jezika
radi nekog tuđega.
radi nekog tuđega.
Ako se ništa ne promijeni,
01:13
And if nothing changes,
19
61530
1181
01:14
as many as 3,000 languages
could disappear in 80 years.
could disappear in 80 years.
20
62735
4274
oko 3 tisuće jezika moglo bi nestati
za 80 godina.
za 80 godina.
01:20
But things are changing.
21
68244
1600
No, stvari se mijenjaju.
01:22
Around the world,
22
70347
1246
Po čitavom svijetu
01:23
people are reviving ancestral languages
23
71617
2571
ljudi ponovno oživljavaju jezike predaka
01:26
and rebuilding their cultures.
24
74212
2000
i ponovno izgrađuju njihove kulture.
01:29
As far as we know,
25
77268
1531
Koliko znamo,
01:30
language reclamation began in the 1800s
when, at a time of rising antisemitism,
when, at a time of rising antisemitism,
26
78823
4587
oživljavanje jezika počelo je oko 1800
kad su, u vrijeme jačanja antisemitizma,
kad su, u vrijeme jačanja antisemitizma,
01:35
Jewish communities looked
to their ancestral language, Hebrew,
to their ancestral language, Hebrew,
27
83434
3127
židovske zajednice uzele svoj
drevni jezik, hebrejski,
drevni jezik, hebrejski,
01:38
as a means of cultural revival.
28
86585
2230
kao sredstvo oživljavanja kulture.
01:42
And though it had been dormant
for over 1,000 years,
for over 1,000 years,
29
90173
2468
Iako je bio uspavan preko 1000 godina,
01:44
it was well preserved in books
of Jewish religion and philosophy.
of Jewish religion and philosophy.
30
92665
3348
bio je dobro očuvan u knjigama
židovske religije i filozofije.
židovske religije i filozofije.
01:48
So Jewish activists studied
and taught it to their children,
and taught it to their children,
31
96569
3103
Tako su ga židovski aktivisti proučavali
i poučavali svoju djecu,
i poučavali svoju djecu,
01:51
raising the first native speakers
in nearly 100 generations.
in nearly 100 generations.
32
99696
3444
odgojivši prve izvorne govornike
nakon skoro 100 generacija.
nakon skoro 100 generacija.
01:56
Today, it's the mother tongue
of five million Jews.
of five million Jews.
33
104204
3555
Danas je to materinji jezik
za 5 milijuna Židova.
za 5 milijuna Židova.
01:59
And at least for me,
34
107783
1754
I barem za mene,
02:01
an assimilated English-speaking member
of the Jewish diaspora,
of the Jewish diaspora,
35
109561
3873
kao člana židovske dijaspore asimiliranoga
u englesko govorno okruženje,
u englesko govorno okruženje,
02:05
a pillar of cultural sovereignty.
36
113458
2492
okosnica je kulturnoga suvereniteta.
02:09
Two thousand years later,
37
117315
2302
Dvije tisuće godina kasnije
02:11
we're still here.
38
119641
1200
još smo tu.
02:14
Now, until recently,
39
122657
1412
Sve do nedavno
02:16
Hebrew's reawakening was an anomaly.
40
124093
2487
ponovno buđenje hebrejskoga
bilo je anomalija.
bilo je anomalija.
02:18
Few languages are
as well preserved as ours was,
as well preserved as ours was,
41
126604
2635
Malo je jezika bilo
tako dobro očuvano kao naš,
tako dobro očuvano kao naš,
02:21
and the creation of Israel,
42
129263
1754
a stvaranje Izraela,
02:23
the first Jewish state
in over 1,000 years,
in over 1,000 years,
43
131041
2634
prve židovske države u preko 1000 godina,
02:25
provided a space for Hebrew's daily use.
44
133699
2667
pružilo je prostor za svakodnevno
korištenje hebrejskog.
korištenje hebrejskog.
02:29
In other words, most cultures
just weren't given a chance.
just weren't given a chance.
45
137188
3334
Drugim riječima, većina kultura
naprosto nije dobila priliku.
naprosto nije dobila priliku.
02:32
(Video) Good evening, I'm Elizabeth
46
140546
2163
(Video) Dobra večer, ja sam Elizabeth
02:34
and I live in Cornwall.
47
142733
2416
i živim u Cornwallu.
02:37
That was Cornish,
48
145173
1156
To je kornski,
02:38
the ancestral language of Cornwall,
49
146353
1985
drevni jezik Cornwalla,
02:40
which today is technically
a county in southern England.
a county in southern England.
50
148362
3460
što je danas tehnički
pokrajina u južnoj Engleskoj.
pokrajina u južnoj Engleskoj.
02:44
In the 1900s, Cornish activists
fought for their culture.
fought for their culture.
51
152641
3343
U 1900-im su se kornski aktivisti
borili za svoju kulturu.
borili za svoju kulturu.
02:48
The language had been dormant
for over 100 years,
for over 100 years,
52
156739
2309
Jezik je bio uspavan više od 100 godina,
02:51
but they used old books and plays
to teach it to their children.
to teach it to their children.
53
159072
3579
ali koristili su stare knjige i drame
učeći jeziku svoju djecu.
učeći jeziku svoju djecu.
02:55
However, this new generation
of Cornish speakers
of Cornish speakers
54
163239
2537
Međutim, ova nova generacija
kornskih govornika
kornskih govornika
02:57
was scattered across Cornwall
55
165800
1483
bila je raspršena po Cornwallu
02:59
and unable to use the language freely.
56
167307
2534
i nije mogla slobodno koristiti taj jezik.
03:02
By the 1990s, Cornish had reawakened,
57
170538
3349
1990-ih se kornski jezik probudio
03:05
but it wasn't thriving.
58
173911
1533
ali bez uspjeha.
Zatim su, 2000-ih, kornski govornici
našli jedan drugog na netu
našli jedan drugog na netu
03:08
Then, in the early 2000s,
Cornish speakers found one another online
Cornish speakers found one another online
59
176839
4412
03:13
and leveraged digital spaces
to speak on a daily basis.
to speak on a daily basis.
60
181275
3961
i omogućili digitalne prostore
za svakodnevno govorenje.
za svakodnevno govorenje.
03:17
From there, they organized
weekly or monthly events
weekly or monthly events
61
185934
2684
Tu su organizirali tjedne
ili mjesečne događaje
ili mjesečne događaje
03:20
where they could gather
and speak in public.
and speak in public.
62
188642
2776
gdje su se mogli okupljati
i javno govoriti.
i javno govoriti.
03:24
Today, some schools teach Cornish.
63
192005
2794
Danas neke škole podučavaju kornski.
03:27
There are Cornish language signs,
64
195117
2151
Postoje natpisi na kornskom jeziku,
03:29
ice-cream commercials,
65
197292
1428
reklame za sladoled,
03:30
Wikipedia, and even memes.
66
198744
2277
Wikipedija, pa čak i memovi.
03:34
(Laughter)
67
202252
2214
(Smijeh)
03:37
(Laughter)
68
205815
3946
(Smijeh)
03:42
And with their language once again intact,
69
210393
2127
A s ponovno netaknutim jezikom,
03:44
the people of Cornwall
have secured recognition
have secured recognition
70
212544
2349
stanovnici Cornwalla
osigurali su priznanje
osigurali su priznanje
03:46
as a Celtic nation alongside
Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
71
214917
3531
kao keltski narod usporedo s
Irskom, Škotskom i Walesom.
Irskom, Škotskom i Walesom.
03:50
They stared down centuries
of forced assimilation
of forced assimilation
72
218782
2588
Promatrali su niz stoljeća
prisilne asimilacije
prisilne asimilacije
03:53
and said, "We're not a county in England.
73
221394
2366
i rekli: "Mi nismo pokrajina u Engleskoj.
03:55
We're a people in our own right.
74
223784
1976
Mi smo zaseban narod.
03:57
And we're still here."
75
225784
1400
I još smo tu."
03:59
And they're not the only ones.
76
227648
1469
I nisu jedini.
04:01
The Tunica-Biloxi tribe of Louisiana
is reviving their ancestral language.
is reviving their ancestral language.
77
229141
4737
Pleme Tunica-Biloxi iz Louisiane
oživljava jezik svojih predaka.
oživljava jezik svojih predaka.
04:05
(Video) My name is Teyanna.
78
233902
1961
(Video) Moje ime je Teyanna.
04:07
My friends, they call me "Quiet Storm."
79
235887
3436
Prijatelji me zovu "Tiha oluja".
04:11
It started in the 1980s,
80
239706
2000
Počelo je 1980-ih,
04:13
when Donna Pierite and her family
81
241730
1881
kad su Donna Pierite i njezina obitelj
04:15
started taking trips
to Baton Rouge and New Orleans
to Baton Rouge and New Orleans
82
243635
2594
počeli putovati
u Baton Rouge i New Orleans
u Baton Rouge i New Orleans
04:18
to photocopy old dictionaries
stored away in university archives.
stored away in university archives.
83
246253
3988
i fotokopirati stare rječnike
pohranjene u sveučilišnim arhivima.
pohranjene u sveučilišnim arhivima.
04:22
The goal was to study Tunica
84
250717
2564
Cilj im je bio proučiti tunicu,
04:25
and teach it to the children
and share it with the community.
and share it with the community.
85
253305
3357
naučiti djecu taj jezik
i podijeliti ga sa zajednicom.
i podijeliti ga sa zajednicom.
04:29
Today, they're leading
a Tunica renaissance.
a Tunica renaissance.
86
257051
3706
Danas vode renesansu jezika tunica.
04:33
Since 2014, there are nearly 100 speakers
in language immersion classes,
in language immersion classes,
87
261355
5032
Od 2014. ima gotovo 100 govornika
na tečajevima jezika,
na tečajevima jezika,
04:38
and according to a 2017 census,
88
266411
2468
a prema popisu stanovništva iz 2017.
04:40
32 new fluent speakers,
89
268903
2634
32 nova izvorna govornika,
04:43
some of whom,
like Donna's daughter Elisabeth,
like Donna's daughter Elisabeth,
90
271561
2810
od kojih neki, kao Donnina kćer Elisabeth,
04:46
are teaching Tunica to their children.
91
274395
1881
prenose jezik tunicu svojoj djeci.
04:48
These new speakers are creating content,
92
276300
2061
Ti novi govornici stvaraju sadržaj,
04:50
Facebook videos and also memes.
93
278385
2481
videozapise na Facebooku i memove.
04:52
(Laughter)
94
280890
1834
(Smijeh)
04:56
(Laughter)
95
284180
1365
(Smijeh)
04:58
(Laughter)
96
286999
1589
(Smijeh)
05:01
And the more they publish,
97
289166
1270
A što više objavljuju,
05:02
the more they inspire other
Tunica people to get involved.
Tunica people to get involved.
98
290460
2777
više potiču i druge pripadnike Tunice
da se uključe.
da se uključe.
05:05
Recently, a tribal member living in Texas
wrote Elisabeth on Facebook,
wrote Elisabeth on Facebook,
99
293666
4387
Nedavno je član plemena iz Teksasa
pitao Elisabeth na Facebooku
pitao Elisabeth na Facebooku
05:10
asking how to say "bless these lands."
100
298077
2534
kako reći "blagoslovi ove zemlje".
05:13
It was for a yard sign,
101
301593
1825
Bilo je to za dvorišni znak,
05:15
so she could show her neighbors
that her culture is alive
that her culture is alive
102
303442
2746
da pokaže svojim susjedima
kako je njegova kultura živa
kako je njegova kultura živa
05:18
and thriving today.
103
306212
1333
i održava se danas.
05:20
Now, Hebrew, Cornish and Tunica
104
308514
2023
Hebrejski, kornski i tunica
05:22
are just three examples from a groundswell
of language activism on every continent.
of language activism on every continent.
105
310561
4784
samo su tri primjera izvora
jezičnog aktivizma na svim kontinentima.
jezičnog aktivizma na svim kontinentima.
05:27
And whether they're Jèrriais speakers
from the Channel Isles,
from the Channel Isles,
106
315649
2961
Bilo da je riječ o govornicima jèrriaisa
s otoka u La Mancheu,
s otoka u La Mancheu,
05:30
or Kenyan sign language
speakers from Nairobi,
speakers from Nairobi,
107
318634
4253
ili govornicima kenijskoga
znakovnoga jezika iz Nairobija,
znakovnoga jezika iz Nairobija,
05:34
all communities working
to preserve or reclaim a language
to preserve or reclaim a language
108
322911
3309
sve zajednice koje rade na očuvanju
ili uspostavi jezika
ili uspostavi jezika
05:38
have one thing in common: media,
109
326244
2880
imaju jednu stvar zajedničku: medije,
05:41
so their language
can be shared and taught.
can be shared and taught.
110
329148
2268
kako bi svoj jezik mogli
dijeliti i podučavati.
dijeliti i podučavati.
05:43
And as the internet grows,
111
331936
2095
Kako internet raste,
05:46
expanding media access and creation,
112
334055
2219
širi se dostupnost i mogućnost stvaranja,
05:49
preserving and reclaiming
ancestral languages
ancestral languages
113
337586
3071
očuvanje i povrat drevnih jezika
05:52
is now more possible than ever.
114
340681
1934
sad je lakše nego ikada.
05:55
So what are your ancestral languages?
115
343600
2396
Pa koji su jezici vaših predaka?
05:58
Mine are Hebrew, Yiddish,
Hungarian and Scottish Gaelic,
Hungarian and Scottish Gaelic,
116
346020
3119
Moji su hebrejski, jidiš, mađarski
i škotski galski,
i škotski galski,
06:01
even though I was raised in English.
117
349163
2119
iako sam odrastao na engleskom.
06:03
And luckily for me, each of these
languages is available online.
languages is available online.
118
351854
3654
I na moju sreću, svi ti jezici
dostupni su online.
dostupni su online.
06:07
Hebrew in particular --
it came installed on my iPhone,
it came installed on my iPhone,
119
355532
2714
Naročito hebrejski -- došao je
instaliran na moj iPhone,
instaliran na moj iPhone,
06:10
it's supported by Google Translate,
120
358270
1817
podržava ga Google Translate,
06:12
it even has autocorrect.
121
360111
1600
čak ima i autokorekciju.
06:14
And while your language
may not be as widely supported,
may not be as widely supported,
122
362024
2966
Pa ako vaš jezik možda
nije tako dobro podržan,
nije tako dobro podržan,
06:17
I encourage you to investigate,
123
365014
1551
potičem vas da istražujete,
06:18
because chances are, someone, somewhere,
has started getting it online.
has started getting it online.
124
366589
3972
jer postoji mogućnost da ga je netko
negdje počeo stavljati na mrežu.
negdje počeo stavljati na mrežu.
06:23
Reclaiming your language
and embracing your culture
and embracing your culture
125
371877
4794
Povratak vašeg jezika
i prihvaćanje vaše kulture
i prihvaćanje vaše kulture
06:28
is a powerful way to be yourself
in the age of globalization,
in the age of globalization,
126
376695
3841
je snažan način da budete ono što jeste
u doba globalizacije,
u doba globalizacije,
06:32
because as I recently learned
to say in Hebrew,
to say in Hebrew,
127
380560
3321
jer kao što sam nedavno naučio
kazati na hebrejskom,
kazati na hebrejskom,
06:35
"'nḥnw 'dyyn k'n" --
128
383905
2809
"'nḥnw 'dyyn k'n" --
06:38
we're still here.
129
386738
1317
još smo tu.
06:40
Thank you.
130
388524
1151
Hvala vam.
06:41
(Applause)
131
389699
4023
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Bögre Udell - Language activistDaniel Bögre Udell is the cofounder and director of Wikitongues, working with a global network of grassroots linguists to build a seed bank of every language in the world.
Why you should listen
Daniel Bögre Udell's goal is to create a world in which everyone has the resources and the right to keep their language alive. He cofounded Wikitongues in 2014, establishing a global volunteer movement to expand access to language revitalization. Wikitongues helps speakers document and promote their languages online, safeguarding them for the next generation. All their initiatives work to sustain marginalized languages through media, so their language can be shared and taught. They are collecting videos in every language in the world.
Prior to this, Bögre Udell was an active contributor to the nonprofit news initiative Global Voices, cofounding the project's Catalan language edition and translating Catalan articles into English. He has a BFA in design and technology and a master's degree in historical studies from the New School University in New York City. In addition to Urdell's native English, he speaks Spanish, Catalan and Portuguese.
Daniel Bögre Udell | Speaker | TED.com