António Guterres: Refugees have the right to be protected
アントニオ・グテーレス: 難民には保護される権利がある
António Guterres is at the forefront of advocating for refugee rights around the world. Full bio
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thank you for coming to TED.
TEDにようこそお越し下さいました
and migrants arrived in Europe
難民・移民が欧州に押し寄せました
but also from Afghanistan
アフガニスタンや
of two different kinds:
and the long-term perspective.
見ていきたいと思います
至って単純です
spiked so fast in the last six months?
急に突出したのでしょうか
what triggered this huge increase
基本的な理由は
into Europe from Africa, from Asia,
移民は増加傾向にありましたが
we had this massive increase
それが突然 今年初めに
3つの理由が考えられます
そして きっかけの3点です
in relation to Syrians,
clear for people.
薄らいできたことにあります
to go back home,
見えないのです
at the end of the tunnel.
countries have been deteriorating.
悪化していることです
シリア人の93%が
are living very badly.
what they have suffered,
強いられてきたのみならず
very dramatic conditions.
was when all of a sudden,
きっかけとしては
for lack of resources,
to the Syrian refugees.
30%削減を余儀なくされました
on international support,
is abandoning us."
in large numbers
enough to do it,
many people is it's not only sudden,
出来事が急なだけでなく―
happening for five years.
and villages and towns around Syria.
シリア近郊のキャンプや村や町にいます
about the situation
of a breakdown of Libya, for example,
警告をされていました
欧州は準備不足に見えました
you don't want to recognize the reality.
現実を見なくなります
the capacity to make them.
the spike occurred,
a mechanism to manage the situation.
整えられませんでした
is 550 million people,
per every 2,000 Europeans.
per three Lebanese.
3人に対して難民1人の割合です
of course, but it's managing.
苦労しつつも持ちこたえています
that could have been managed
あったのではないかということです
important thing,
addressing the root causes,
together in solidarity
入国地点での
reception capacity of entry points?
設定できていたとしたら?
points need to be massively supported,
多大なる支援が必要です
with security checks
その他のあらゆる手立てで
into all European countries,
各国の受け入れ能力にしたがって
of each country.
the relocation program
always too little too late,
弁務官事務所の承認は少し遅すぎ
to receive four thousand.
4000人を受け入れるべきです
大した数ではありません
if it is managed,
対処できるはずです
the pressure is at the point of entry,
入国地点であり
in this chaotic way through the Balkans,
やっとのことで通過し
Sweden, basically, and Austria.
オーストリアに行き着くのです
in the end, receiving the refugees.
この3国が行っているためです
without doing much.
three questions,
in Europe right now,
is not much, but realistically,
大したことないと でも 現実的に
that has no answer,
the right to be protected.
as international law,
"I take 10,000 and that's finished."
誰も言えないのです
I remember one minister saying,
ある大臣は
up to 100,000 people."
three-hundred thousand
if you count all refugees.
受け入れています
how many we can take.
公平でありません
how we can we organize ourselves
それは国際的責任を取るために
responsibilities?
because there is no solidarity
つまり欧州は
there are many other areas.
数々の分野でもそうです
in which we need more Europe
in European institutions,
人々の信頼が薄れていく程に
to convince the public
欧州がさらに存在感を増すべきという
to solve these problems.
shifts, particularly domestically.
and over in many countries:
and in Switzerland and elsewhere,
スイスなどでも
because of the numbers,
世情がかなり変わっていますが
in absolute numbers.
opening the news every single day,
ニュースの冒頭で
were of hundreds
is taking care of it --
誰も何もしていない―
kind of management.
起きていることから
"They are coming to my village."
やってくる」と考えて
that Europe was being invaded
生活が一変してしまうのだという
and everything will --
had been properly managed,
screened at point of entry,
入国地点で検問を受け
to different European countries,
a lot of people scared,
to do the job properly.
対処できなかったがためにです
難民が1000人いる村もあります
management of the situation
of people all over Europe,
分担していれば
the percentage that I mentioned:
properly managed
and of course if you have a village --
陥っています
Lebanon has been living with that.
なんとかやっています
to happen in Europe,
人口を上回るという
more refugees than inhabitants.
望んでいるわけではありません
to do the job properly,
欧州に要請しているだけで
to receive people
were forced to do in the past.
整えてほしいだけなのです
situation not only at Europe --
so, not only at Europe,
欧州だけでなく
a long list of countries
in the other part --
who's doing the right thing?
いるのかという点です
of the refugees in the world
countries like Ethiopia --
例に見ると―
more than 600,000 refugees.
エチオピアは受け入れており
that every refugee should be received.
「人から人へ」というものがあります
welcoming of refugees coming,
大いに歓迎しています
for borders to be open.
with the Syrian situation,
安全保障危機に転化したために
into also a major security crisis,
were open for, at the time,
the trend in the developing world
is for these questions to become
こうした問題が
in the public opinion,
protections on one side
もう一方では安全保障問題について
misinterpreted -- on the other side.
する場合は特にそうです
of funding and the vouchers
助成や補助の削減について
of the organizations
and more support,
close to the levels of last year.
to address the needs of the people
人々を支援している国々の
of the criteria, the objectives,
開発協力の基準や目的 優先順位について
cooperation that is required.
are middle-income countries.
or grants from the World Bank.
a global public good.
of stability in the region,
of our collective security.
第一線となってくれています
are not a first priority
in very dramatic circumstances
不安定な状況下で難民が
themselves are suffering,
at today's situation
their poor groups of the population,
because of the crisis they are facing.
organizations, the European Union?
あるいは欧州連合でしょうか?
cooperation is essential.
cooperation is essential.
institutions should have flexibility
支援のために
more massively
and to understand that today,
at a certain moment,
to make a distinction
and development aid
もう時代遅れであると
about children in school,
that is overcrowded.
関わることで
that require a long-term perspective,
つまり開発という視点が
humanitarian aid perspective.
語れません
by the current front-runner
アメリカ大統領候補である
for US President, Donald Trump.
and complete shutdown
事実関係を明らかにできるまで
can figure out what's going on."
around the world
saying, for instance,
例えば「イスラム系難民は
should not be received.
that by doing or saying this,
the security of their countries.
考えているのです
to Muslim refugees,"
と言ってしまうのは
is the best possible help
of terrorist organizations.
by all the Muslims in your own country,
自国のイスラム教徒の耳に入り
for the recruitment
through technology,
技術を駆使して
and all those other groups
"You are right, we are against you."
と言っているようなものです
in societies that are all multiethnic,
in which, really,
実は テロ行為をさせる隊員を
of these terrorist organizations
テロ組織のプロパガンダが
people for terror acts
of sentences are expressed.
掲げられている国では特にです
and the reactions to them
その反応のせいで
for many people the first reaction
テロ攻撃が起きて最初の反応は
attacks is: close all borders --
problem in Europe is largely homegrown.
大方 自国にあることを理解していません
of European fighters in Syria and in Iraq,
シリアやイラクにいますから
by just not allowing Syrians to come in.
解決出来る問題ではありません
by the person who has blown --
of Daesh is against refugees,
難民反対というのがあるからです
that should be with the caliphate
strategy to make Europe react,
ダーイシュの戦略の一部だと考えています
towards Muslims inside Europe,
敵意を持たせること自体が
it was not the refugee movement
テロのきっかけではないと
is today a homegrown movement
現在あくまで
that we are facing,
自国で湧き上がったことで
to prove these groups wrong,
証明するために
うまく溶けこませること
from that part of the world.
is that to a large extent,
in the '70s, in the '80s,
that took place at that time
多くは起因すると考えています
in many of the people, for instance,
多くの人々に
つまり―
that are not adequately provided
きちんと整備されていない地域に
sometimes even anger,
このやりきれなさを
of integration policies,
受け入れ政策の失敗や
a much stronger investment
環境づくりのために
to live together and respect each other.
起因しています
will be multiethnic, multicultural,
多国籍 多文化 多宗教になる社会が
私の意見です
in my opinion, impossible.
that they will be like that,
for that to work properly,
個々の社会において
of your own societies.
failed in that investment
この投資に
from your job at the end of the year,
年内で職を退かれますね
for the first time, what do you see?
one million people go back home
私たちは100万人の人々の
because conflicts had ended.
手助けをしていました
displaced by conflict in the world.
紛争によって移動を余儀なくされました
6千万人以上です
of new conflicts
Democratic Republic of Congo.
コンゴ共和国などです
is much more dangerous than it was.
さらに危険なものとなりました
of the international community
and to timely solve them,
than what it was 10 years ago.
残念ながらずっと低下しています
power relations in the world,
ありません
tend to prevail, and that means
生きており
displaced by conflicts.
苦しむことをも意味しています
the Oval Office for the last time,
on the desk for his successor
後任者に向けて
to your successor, Filippo Grandi,
フィリッポ・グランディにメモを残すなら
I would write any message.
when one leaves an office
and do your best."
for the job you do.
ご苦労様でした
ありがとうございました
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
António Guterres - Designate Secretary-General of the United NationsAntónio Guterres is at the forefront of advocating for refugee rights around the world.
Why you should listen
A former Portuguese prime minister, António Guterres was elected by the UN General Assembly to become the 10th United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in June 2005. In October 2016 the United Nations Security Council announced he would be the next United Nations Secretary General, succeeding the retiring Ban Ki-moon.
As High Commissioner, he heads one of the world's foremost humanitarian organizations. UNHCR has twice won the Nobel Peace Prize. Its over 9,300 staff members work in 123 countries providing protection and assistance to nearly 55 million refugees, returnees, internally displaced people and stateless persons. Some 88 percent of UNHCR staff work in the field, often in difficult and dangerous duty stations.
Before joining UNHCR, Guterres spent more than 20 years in government and public service. He served as Portuguese prime minister from 1995 to 2002, during which time he was heavily involved in the international effort to resolve the crisis in East Timor. As president of the European Council in early 2000, he led the adoption of the so-called Lisbon Agenda and co-chaired the first European Union-Africa summit. He also founded the Portuguese Refugee Council in 1991 and was part of the Council of State of Portugal from 1991 to 2002.
From 1981 to 1983, Guterres was a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, as well as chairman of the Committee on Demography, Migration and Refugees. In addition, he has been active in Socialist International, a worldwide organization of social democratic political parties. He was the group's vice-president from 1992 to 1999 and president from 1999 until mid-2005.
Guterres was born on April 30, 1949, in Lisbon and educated at the Instituto Superior Técnico, where he remains a visiting professor. He is married and has two children.
António Guterres | Speaker | TED.com