ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michelle Kuo - Teacher, writer, lawyer
Michelle Kuo believes in the power of reading to connect us with one another, creating a shared universe.

Why you should listen

Michelle Kuo is a teacher, lawyer, writer and passionate advocate of prison education. She has taught English at an alternative school for kids who were expelled from other schools in rural Arkansas, located in the Mississippi Delta. While at Harvard Law School, she received the National Clinical Association's award for her advocacy of children with special needs. Later, as a lawyer for undocumented immigrants in Oakland, Kuo helped tenants facing evictions, workers stiffed out of their wages and families facing deportation. She has also volunteered at a detention center in south Texas, helping families apply for asylum, and taught courses at San Quentin Prison. Currently, she teaches in the History, Law, and Society program at the American University of Paris, where she works to inspire students on issues of migrant justice and criminal justice. This fall, she is helping to start a prison education program in France.

In 2017, Kuo released Reading with Patrick, a memoir of teaching reading in a rural county jail in Arkansas. A runner-up for the Goddard Riverside Social Justice Prize and Dayton Literary Peace Prize, the book explores questions of what it is we owe each other and how starkly economic and racial inequality determine our life outcomes.

(Photo: Jasmine Cowen)

More profile about the speaker
Michelle Kuo | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxTaipei

Michelle Kuo: The healing power of reading

Michelle Kuo: O poder de cura da leitura

Filmed:
2,399,463 views

Ler e escrever podem ser atos de coragem que nos aproximam dos outros e de nós mesmos. A escritora Michelle Kuo compartilha como ensinar habilidades de leitura aos alunos dela em Mississippi Delta revelou o poder de ligação da palavra escrita, assim como as limitações de seu poder.
- Teacher, writer, lawyer
Michelle Kuo believes in the power of reading to connect us with one another, creating a shared universe. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I want to talk today
about how reading can change our lives
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Quero falar hoje sobre como a leitura
pode mudar nossa vida
00:18
and about the limits of that change.
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e sobre os limites dessa mudança.
00:21
I want to talk to you about how reading
can give us a shareable world
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Quero falar a vocês sobre como a leitura
pode nos dar um mundo compartilhável
00:26
of powerful human connection.
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de uma relação humana poderosa.
00:29
But also about how that connection
is always partial.
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Mas também sobre como essa relação
é sempre parcial.
00:33
How reading is ultimately
a lonely, idiosyncratic undertaking.
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Como a leitura é, no final,
uma tarefa solitária e peculiar.
00:39
The writer who changed my life
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O escritor que mudou minha vida
00:42
was the great African American
novelist James Baldwin.
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foi o grande romancista
afro-americano James Baldwin.
00:46
When I was growing up
in Western Michigan in the 1980s,
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Quando eu era criança,
em Western Michigan, na década de 1980,
00:50
there weren't many Asian American writers
interested in social change.
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não havia muitos escritores
ásio-americanos
interessados em mudança social.
00:55
And so I think I turned to James Baldwin
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Acho que procurei James Baldwin
00:58
as a way to fill this void,
as a way to feel racially conscious.
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como uma maneira de preencher esse vazio
e me sentir racialmente consciente.
01:03
But perhaps because I knew
I wasn't myself African American,
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Mas, talvez porque eu sabia
que não era afro-americana,
01:07
I also felt challenged
and indicted by his words.
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também me senti desafiada
e criticada pelas palavras dele,
01:12
Especially these words:
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principalmente estas:
01:15
"There are liberals
who have all the proper attitudes,
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"Existem liberais que têm
todas as atitudes apropriadas,
01:19
but no real convictions.
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mas não têm convicções reais.
01:22
When the chips are down
and you somehow expect them to deliver,
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Quando a situação está difícil,
e esperamos que eles cumpram as promessas,
01:26
they are somehow not there."
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eles, por alguma razão,
não oferecem apoio".
01:28
They are somehow not there.
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Não oferecem apoio.
01:31
I took those words very literally.
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Levei essas palavras muito a sério.
01:33
Where should I put myself?
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Onde eu deveria me colocar?
01:36
I went to the Mississippi Delta,
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Fui a Mississippi Delta,
01:38
one of the poorest regions
in the United States.
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uma das regiões mais pobres
dos Estados Unidos.
01:41
This is a place shaped
by a powerful history.
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É um lugar formado
por uma história poderosa.
01:44
In the 1960s, African Americans
risked their lives to fight for education,
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Nos anos 1960, os afro-americanos
arriscaram a vida na luta pela educação
01:49
to fight for the right to vote.
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e pelo direito ao voto.
01:52
I wanted to be a part of that change,
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Eu gostaria de ter feito parte
daquela mudança,
01:55
to help young teenagers graduate
and go to college.
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para ajudar adolescentes a se formarem
e entrarem na faculdade.
02:00
When I got to the Mississippi Delta,
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Quando cheguei a Mississippi Delta,
02:03
it was a place that was still poor,
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era ainda um lugar pobre,
02:05
still segregated,
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ainda segregado,
02:07
still dramatically in need of change.
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ainda com uma necessidade
profunda de mudança.
02:10
My school, where I was placed,
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A escola em que fui colocada
02:14
had no library, no guidance counselor,
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não tinha biblioteca, nem orientador,
02:18
but it did have a police officer.
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mas tinha um policial.
02:21
Half the teachers were substitutes
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Metade dos professores eram substitutos
e, quando os alunos
se envolviam em brigas,
02:24
and when students got into fights,
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02:26
the school would send them
to the local county jail.
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a escola os mandava à prisão local.
02:32
This is the school where I met Patrick.
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Foi nesta escola que conheci Patrick.
02:35
He was 15 and held back twice,
he was in the eighth grade.
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Ele tinha 15 anos, repetiu de ano
duas vezes e estava no oitavo ano.
02:40
He was quiet, introspective,
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Era quieto, introspectivo,
02:42
like he was always in deep thought.
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como se estivesse sempre
em profunda reflexão,
02:45
And he hated seeing other people fight.
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e detestava ver outras pessoas brigando.
02:49
I saw him once jump between two girls
when they got into a fight
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Uma vez, eu o vi apartar duas garotas
que se envolveram numa briga,
02:53
and he got himself knocked to the ground.
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em que ele acabou caindo no chão.
02:57
Patrick had just one problem.
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Patrick só tinha um problema:
02:59
He wouldn't come to school.
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ele não ia à escola.
03:03
He said that sometimes
school was just too depressing
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Dizia que, às vezes,
a escola era muito deprimente
porque as pessoas estavam sempre brigando,
e os professores se demitindo.
03:05
because people were always fighting
and teachers were quitting.
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03:10
And also, his mother worked two jobs
and was just too tired to make him come.
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A mãe também tinha dois empregos
e estava muito cansada para forçá-lo a ir.
03:16
So I made it my job
to get him to come to school.
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Minha tarefa era fazê-lo ir à escola.
03:19
And because I was crazy and 22
and zealously optimistic,
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Como eu era louca, tinha 22 anos
e era otimista fervorosa,
03:23
my strategy was
just to show up at his house
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minha estratégia era aparecer
na casa dele e dizer:
03:25
and say, "Hey, why don't you
come to school?"
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"Ei, por que você não vai à escola?"
03:28
And this strategy actually worked,
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Essa estratégia deu certo.
03:30
he started to come to school every day.
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Ele começou a ir à escola todos os dias.
03:32
And he started to flourish in my class.
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E começou a prosperar em minha aula.
03:35
He was writing poetry,
he was reading books.
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Estava escrevendo poesia, lendo livros.
03:38
He was coming to school every day.
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Estava indo à escola todos os dias.
03:43
Around the same time
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Por volta da mesma época
03:44
that I had figured out
how to connect to Patrick,
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em que eu havia descoberto
como me relacionar com Patrick,
03:47
I got into law school at Harvard.
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entrei na escola de direito de Harvard.
03:51
I once again faced this question,
where should I put myself,
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Mais uma vez, enfrentei esta questão:
"Onde devo me colocar,
em que lugar devo estar?"
03:54
where do I put my body?
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03:57
And I thought to myself
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Pensei comigo mesma
04:00
that the Mississippi Delta
was a place where people with money,
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que Mississippi Delta era um lugar
onde pessoas com dinheiro,
04:03
people with opportunity,
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com oportunidade,
04:05
those people leave.
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vão embora.
04:07
And the people who stay behind
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As pessoas que permanecem
04:09
are the people who don't have
the chance to leave.
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são aquelas que não têm
a chance de partir.
04:12
I didn't want to be a person who left.
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Eu não queria ser a pessoa que partia.
04:15
I wanted to be a person who stayed.
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Eu queria ser a pessoa que ficava.
04:18
On the other hand, I was lonely and tired.
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Por outro lado, eu estava só e cansada.
04:21
And so I convinced myself
that I could do more change
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Então, eu me convenci
de que poderia fazer mais mudanças,
04:26
on a larger scale if I had
a prestigious law degree.
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em larga escala, se tivesse
um prestigiado diploma de direito.
04:31
So I left.
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Então, parti.
04:34
Three years later,
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Três anos depois,
04:36
when I was about
to graduate from law school,
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quando eu estava prestes
a me formar em direito,
04:38
my friend called me
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meu amigo me ligou
04:40
and told me that Patrick
had got into a fight and killed someone.
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e disse que Patrick havia se envolvido
em uma briga e matado alguém.
04:47
I was devastated.
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Fiquei arrasada.
04:49
Part of me didn't believe it,
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Parte de mim não acreditava naquilo,
04:51
but part of me also knew that it was true.
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mas parte de mim sabia que era verdade.
04:55
I flew down to see Patrick.
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Viajei para ver Patrick.
04:58
I visited him in jail.
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Eu o visitei na prisão.
05:02
And he told me that it was true.
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Ele me disse que era verdade,
05:06
That he had killed someone.
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que havia matado alguém
05:08
And he didn't want to talk more about it.
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e não queria mais falar a respeito.
Perguntei o que havia
acontecido com a escola,
05:11
I asked him what had happened with school
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05:13
and he said that he had dropped out
the year after I left.
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e ele disse que havia abandonado
um ano depois que parti.
05:18
And then he wanted
to tell me something else.
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Então, ele quis me contar outra coisa.
05:20
He looked down and he said
that he had had a baby daughter
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Baixou os olhos e disse
que havia tido uma menininha,
05:24
who was just born.
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que tinha acabado de nascer,
05:25
And he felt like he had let her down.
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e sentia-se como se
a tivesse decepcionado.
05:30
That was it, our conversation
was rushed and awkward.
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Foi assim: tivemos uma conversa
apressada e complicada.
05:35
When I stepped outside the jail,
a voice inside me said,
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Quando deixei a prisão,
uma voz dentro de mim dizia:
05:40
"Come back.
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"Volte.
05:41
If you don't come back now,
you'll never come back."
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Se você não voltar agora,
nunca mais voltará".
05:48
So I graduated from law school
and I went back.
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Então, eu me formei
na escola de direito e voltei.
05:52
I went back to see Patrick,
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Voltei para ver Patrick
05:54
I went back to see if I could help him
with his legal case.
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e para ver se poderia ajudá-lo
com o processo jurídico dele.
05:58
And this time,
when I saw him a second time,
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Então, quando o vi pela segunda vez,
06:02
I thought I had this great idea, I said,
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achei que tinha uma ótima ideia, e disse:
06:04
"Hey, Patrick, why don't you
write a letter to your daughter,
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"Patrick, por que você não escreve
uma carta para sua filha,
06:08
so that you can keep her on your mind?"
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para que possa mantê-la em sua memória?"
06:12
And I handed him a pen
and a piece of paper,
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Entreguei a ele uma caneta
e um pedaço de papel,
06:15
and he started to write.
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e ele começou a escrever.
06:18
But when I saw the paper
that he handed back to me,
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Mas, quando vi o papel
que ele me devolveu,
06:21
I was shocked.
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fiquei chocada.
06:25
I didn't recognize his handwriting,
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Não reconheci a caligrafia dele.
06:27
he had made simple spelling mistakes.
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Ele havia cometido
erros ortográficos simples.
06:31
And I thought to myself that as a teacher,
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Pensei que, como professora,
06:33
I knew that a student
could dramatically improve
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eu sabia que um aluno
poderia melhorar profundamente
06:37
in a very quick amount of time,
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em um curtíssimo período de tempo,
06:40
but I never thought that a student
could dramatically regress.
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mas nunca pensei que um aluno
pudesse regredir drasticamente.
06:46
What even pained me more,
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O que me doeu ainda mais
06:48
was seeing what he had written
to his daughter.
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foi ver o que ele havia escrito à filha.
06:51
He had written,
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Ele havia escrito:
06:52
"I'm sorry for my mistakes,
I'm sorry for not being there for you."
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"Me desculpe por meus erros,
me desculpe por não estar ao seu lado".
06:58
And this was all he felt
he had to say to her.
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Era tudo o que ele sentia
que havia para dizer a ela.
07:02
And I asked myself how can I convince him
that he has more to say,
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Perguntei a mim mesma como convencê-lo
de que ele tinha mais para dizer,
07:06
parts of himself that
he doesn't need to apologize for.
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coisas pelas quais
não precisava se desculpar.
Eu queria que ele sentisse
07:10
I wanted him to feel
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que tinha algo de valor
para compartilhar com a filha.
07:12
that he had something worthwhile
to share with his daughter.
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07:17
For every day the next seven months,
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Todos os dias dos sete meses seguintes,
07:21
I visited him and brought books.
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eu o visitei e levei livros.
07:23
My tote bag became a little library.
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Minha bolsa virou uma pequena biblioteca.
07:27
I brought James Baldwin,
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Levei James Baldwin,
07:29
I brought Walt Whitman, C.S. Lewis.
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Walt Whitman,
C. S. Lewis.
07:34
I brought guidebooks to trees, to birds,
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Levei livros sobre árvores,
sobre aves
07:39
and what would become
his favorite book, the dictionary.
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e o livro que se tornaria
o preferido dele: o dicionário.
07:43
On some days,
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Em alguns dias,
07:45
we would sit for hours in silence,
both of us reading.
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ficávamos sentados por horas,
em silêncio, ambos lendo.
07:50
And on other days,
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Em outros dias,
07:51
we would read together,
we would read poetry.
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líamos juntos, líamos poesia.
07:55
We started by reading haikus,
hundreds of haikus,
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Começamos lendo centenas de "haikus",
07:59
a deceptively simple masterpiece.
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uma obra-prima ilusoriamente simples.
08:02
And I would ask him,
"Share with me your favorite haikus."
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Eu pedia a ele: "Compartilhe
comigo seus haikus preferidos".
08:05
And some of them are quite funny.
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Alguns deles eram bem divertidos.
08:08
So there's this by Issa:
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Havia este, de Issa:
08:10
"Don't worry, spiders,
I keep house casually."
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"Não se preocupem, aranhas,
só limpo a casa de vez em quando".
08:14
And this: "Napped half the day,
no one punished me!"
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E este: "Cochilei metade do dia;
ninguém me castigou!"
08:20
And this gorgeous one, which is
about the first day of snow falling,
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E este magnífico, que é
sobre o primeiro dia de neve:
08:25
"Deer licking first frost
from each other's coats."
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"Cervos lambendo a primeira geada
dos pelos uns dos outros".
08:31
There's something mysterious and gorgeous
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Há algo misterioso e maravilhoso
08:34
just about the way a poem looks.
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sobre o aspecto de um poema.
08:36
The empty space is as important
as the words themselves.
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O espaço vazio é tão importante
quanto as próprias palavras.
08:43
We read this poem by W.S. Merwin,
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Lemos este poema de W. S. Merwin,
08:45
which he wrote after he saw
his wife working in the garden
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que ele escreveu depois de ver
a esposa trabalhando no jardim
08:50
and realized that they would spend
the rest of their lives together.
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e perceber que eles passariam
o resto da vida juntos:
08:55
"Let me imagine that we will come again
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"Deixe-me imaginar
que voltaremos novamente
08:57
when we want to and it will be spring
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quando quisermos,
e será primavera
09:00
We will be no older than we ever were
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Não seremos mais velhos
do que jamais fomos
09:04
The worn griefs will have eased
like the early cloud
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As aflições esgotadas terão se aliviado
como a nuvem matinal
09:08
through which morning
slowly comes to itself"
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pela qual a manhã lentamente se anuncia".
09:11
I asked Patrick what his favorite
line was, and he said,
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Perguntei a Patrick qual era
o verso preferido dele, e ele disse:
09:15
"We will be no older than we ever were."
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"Não seremos mais velhos
do que jamais fomos".
09:20
He said it reminded him
of a place where time just stops,
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Ele disse que isso o lembrava
de um lugar onde o tempo parava,
09:24
where time doesn't matter anymore.
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onde o tempo já não importava mais.
09:27
And I asked him
if he had a place like that,
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Perguntei se ele tinha
um lugar como aquele,
09:29
where time lasts forever.
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onde o tempo dura para sempre.
09:32
And he said, "My mother."
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Ele respondeu: "Minha mãe".
09:35
When you read a poem
alongside someone else,
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Quando lemos um poema com alguém,
09:40
the poem changes in meaning.
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o poema muda de sentido.
09:43
Because it becomes personal
to that person, becomes personal to you.
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Porque torna-se pessoal
àquela pessoa e a nós.
09:49
We then read books, we read so many books,
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Depois, lemos um monte de livros.
09:52
we read the memoir of Frederick Douglass,
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Lemos a biografia de Frederick Douglass,
09:55
an American slave who taught
himself to read and write
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um escravo norte-americano
que aprendeu sozinho a ler e escrever
09:59
and who escaped to freedom
because of his literacy.
169
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e que conquistou a liberdade
por causa de sua alfabetização.
10:03
I had grown up thinking
of Frederick Douglass as a hero
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Eu havia crescido achando
Frederick Douglass um herói,
10:06
and I thought of this story
as one of uplift and hope.
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e considerava essa história
como uma de inspiração e esperança.
10:10
But this book put Patrick
in a kind of panic.
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Mas esse livro colocou Patrick
numa espécie de pânico.
10:14
He fixated on a story Douglass told
of how, over Christmas,
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Ele se concentrou em uma história
que Douglass contou como, durante o natal,
10:19
masters give slaves gin
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os senhores davam gim aos escravos
10:23
as a way to prove to them
that they can't handle freedom.
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como um modo de provar a eles
que não conseguiam lidar com a liberdade,
10:26
Because slaves would be
stumbling on the fields.
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porque os escravos ficavam
cambaleantes nos campos.
10:31
Patrick said he related to this.
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Patrick disse que entendia isso.
10:34
He said that there are people in jail
who, like slaves,
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Disse que há pessoas na prisão
que, como os escravos,
10:37
don't want to think about their condition,
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não querem pensar na situação delas,
10:40
because it's too painful.
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porque é muito dolorosa.
10:41
Too painful to think about the past,
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É doloroso demais pensar no passado,
10:44
too painful to think
about how far we have to go.
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doloroso demais pensar na distância
que temos que percorrer.
10:48
His favorite line was this line:
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2893
Este era o verso preferido dele:
10:51
"Anything, no matter what,
to get rid of thinking!
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3601
"Qualquer coisa, seja o que for,
que nos livre dos pensamentos!
10:55
It was this everlasting thinking
of my condition that tormented me."
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5042
Era esse pensamento eterno
de minha situação que me atormentava".
11:01
Patrick said that Douglass was brave
to write, to keep thinking.
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Patrick disse que Douglass foi corajoso
em escrever, em continuar pensando.
11:07
But Patrick would never know
how much he seemed like Douglass to me.
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Mas Patrick nunca soube o quanto
eu o achava parecido com Douglass,
11:12
How he kept reading,
even though it put him in a panic.
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quando ele continuava lendo,
mesmo que ficasse em pânico.
11:17
He finished the book before I did,
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Ele terminou o livro antes de mim,
11:20
reading it in a concrete
stairway with no light.
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lendo-o em uma escadaria
de concreto sem iluminação.
11:25
And then we went on
to read one of my favorite books,
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Depois, começamos a ler
um de meus livros preferidos:
11:28
Marilynne Robinson's "Gilead,"
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"Gilead", de Marilynne Robinson,
11:30
which is an extended letter
from a father to his son.
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4142
que é uma carta extensa
de um pai para o filho.
11:34
He loved this line:
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2351
Ele adorava este verso:
11:37
"I'm writing this in part to tell you
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2185
"Estou escrevendo isto para lhe dizer
11:39
that if you ever wonder
what you've done in your life ...
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que, se você já se perguntou
o que tem feito na vida...
11:42
you have been God's grace to me,
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2018
você tem sido para mim a graça de Deus,
11:44
a miracle, something more than a miracle."
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um milagre, algo maior do que um milagre".
11:49
Something about this language,
its love, its longing, its voice,
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5643
Algo nessa linguagem,
o amor, a saudade, a voz dela,
11:55
rekindled Patrick's desire to write.
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2458
despertou o desejo de Patrick de escrever.
11:58
And he would fill notebooks upon notebooks
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Ele preenchia cadernos e mais cadernos
12:01
with letters to his daughter.
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com cartas para a filha.
12:04
In these beautiful, intricate letters,
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2934
Nessas cartas bonitas e detalhadas,
12:07
he would imagine him and his daughter
going canoeing down the Mississippi river.
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ele se imaginava com a filha
fazendo canoagem no rio Mississippi.
12:13
He would imagine them
finding a mountain stream
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Imaginava-se com ela encontrando
um riacho numa montanha
12:16
with perfectly clear water.
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com água perfeitamente cristalina.
12:20
As I watched Patrick write,
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Enquanto eu observava Patrick escrever,
12:23
I thought to myself,
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pensava comigo mesma,
12:25
and I now ask all of you,
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e agora pergunto a todos vocês:
12:27
how many of you have written a letter
to somebody you feel you have let down?
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quantos de vocês já escreveram uma carta
a alguém que sentiram ter decepcionado?
12:34
It is just much easier
to put those people out of your mind.
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5083
É muito mais fácil
parar de pensar nessa pessoa.
12:40
But Patrick showed up every day,
facing his daughter,
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4643
Mas Patrick mostrava-se
todos os dias à filha dele,
12:44
holding himself accountable to her,
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2934
mantendo-se responsável por ela,
12:47
word by word with intense concentration.
214
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3709
palavra por palavra
com concentração intensa.
12:54
I wanted in my own life
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2541
Eu queria, em minha vida,
12:58
to put myself at risk in that way.
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3059
me arriscar daquele modo,
13:01
Because that risk reveals
the strength of one's heart.
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769125
3625
porque o risco revela a força
do coração de uma pessoa.
13:08
Let me take a step back
and just ask an uncomfortable question.
218
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4059
Deixem-me voltar um pouco
e fazer uma pergunta desagradável:
13:12
Who am I to tell this story,
as in this Patrick story?
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3709
"Quem sou eu para contar
essa história de Patrick?"
13:18
Patrick's the one who lived with this pain
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2976
Foi Patrick quem viveu com a dor,
13:21
and I have never been hungry
a day in my life.
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4166
e eu nunca passei fome um dia na vida.
13:27
I thought about this question a lot,
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1768
Penso muito nessa questão,
mas quero dizer que essa história
não é apenas sobre Patrick.
13:29
but what I want to say is that this story
is not just about Patrick.
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3726
13:32
It's about us,
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1517
É sobre nós,
13:34
it's about the inequality between us.
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2500
sobre a desigualdade entre nós,
13:37
The world of plenty
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1416
o mundo de abundância
13:40
that Patrick and his parents
and his grandparents
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3643
do qual Patrick, os pais e avós dele
13:44
have been shut out of.
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1809
foram excluídos.
13:45
In this story, I represent
that world of plenty.
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3083
Nessa história, eu represento
esse mundo de abundância.
13:49
And in telling this story,
I didn't want to hide myself.
230
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3809
Ao contar essa história,
eu não queria me esconder,
13:53
Hide the power that I do have.
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2667
esconder o poder que tenho.
13:57
In telling this story,
I wanted to expose that power
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3560
Ao contar essa história,
eu queria expor esse poder
14:00
and then to ask,
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2392
e depois perguntar:
14:03
how do we diminish
the distance between us?
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831333
2917
"Como diminuímos a distância entre nós?"
14:08
Reading is one way to close that distance.
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3601
A leitura é uma maneira
de reduzir essa distância.
14:11
It gives us a quiet universe
that we can share together,
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4434
Ela nos dá um universo silencioso
que podemos compartilhar juntos,
14:16
that we can share in equally.
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2250
que podemos compartilhar em igualdade.
14:20
You're probably wondering now
what happened to Patrick.
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3101
Vocês devem estar se perguntando
o que aconteceu ao Patrick.
14:23
Did reading save his life?
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851625
1708
A leitura salvou a vida dele?
14:26
It did and it didn't.
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854583
2125
Salvou e não salvou.
14:29
When Patrick got out of prison,
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2893
Quando Patrick saiu da prisão,
14:32
his journey was excruciating.
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860792
2333
a jornada dele foi extremamente dolorosa.
14:36
Employers turned him away
because of his record,
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3476
Os empregadores o rejeitavam
por causa de seus antecedentes;
14:39
his best friend, his mother,
died at age 43
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3142
a melhor amiga dele, a mãe,
morreu aos 43 anos
14:42
from heart disease and diabetes.
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2476
de doença cardíaca e diabetes.
14:45
He's been homeless, he's been hungry.
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873458
2709
Ele ficou desabrigado, passou fome.
14:50
So people say a lot of things
about reading that feel exaggerated to me.
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4542
As pessoas dizem muitas coisas
sobre a leitura
que parecem um exagero para mim.
14:55
Being literate didn't stop him
form being discriminated against.
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3976
Ser alfabetizado não o impediu
de sofrer discriminação.
14:59
It didn't stop his mother from dying.
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2625
Não impediu que a mãe morresse.
15:03
So what can reading do?
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2375
Então, o que a leitura pode fazer?
15:07
I have a few answers to end with today.
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3958
Tenho algumas respostas para terminar.
15:12
Reading charged his inner life
252
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2750
A leitura preencheu a vida interior dele
15:17
with mystery, with imagination,
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905083
3060
com mistério, com imaginação,
15:20
with beauty.
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1250
com beleza.
15:22
Reading gave him images that gave him joy:
255
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4333
A leitura deu a ele imagens
que lhe deram alegria:
15:27
mountain, ocean, deer, frost.
256
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5559
montanha, oceano, cervo, geada.
15:33
Words that taste of a free, natural world.
257
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4125
Palavras com sabor
de um mundo livre e natural.
15:39
Reading gave him a language
for what he had lost.
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3518
A leitura lhe deu uma linguagem
para o que ele havia perdido.
15:43
How precious are these lines
from the poet Derek Walcott?
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4642
O quanto aqueles versos do poeta
Derek Walcott foram valiosos?
15:47
Patrick memorized this poem.
260
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2226
Patrick memorizou este poema:
15:50
"Days that I have held,
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2101
"Dias que mantive,
15:52
days that I have lost,
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2268
dias que perdi,
15:54
days that outgrow, like daughters,
263
942500
3226
dias que amadurecem, como filhas,
15:57
my harboring arms."
264
945750
1833
meus braços de abrigo".
16:00
Reading taught him his own courage.
265
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2976
A leitura lhe ensinou a própria coragem.
16:03
Remember that he kept reading
Frederick Douglass,
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3309
Lembrem-se de que ele continuou
lendo Frederick Douglass,
16:07
even though it was painful.
267
955000
2143
apesar de isso ser doloroso.
16:09
He kept being conscious,
even though being conscious hurts.
268
957167
3708
Ele continuou sendo consciente,
apesar de isso feri-lo.
16:14
Reading is a form of thinking,
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2560
A leitura é uma forma de pensamento.
16:16
that's why it's difficult to read
because we have to think.
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964792
4059
É difícil ler, porque temos que pensar.
16:20
And Patrick chose to think,
rather than to not think.
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4250
E Patrick escolheu pensar,
em vez de não pensar.
16:28
And last, reading gave him a language
to speak to his daughter.
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3958
Por último, a leitura lhe deu
uma linguagem para falar com a filha.
16:33
Reading inspired him to want to write.
273
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3226
A leitura o inspirou a querer escrever.
16:36
The link between reading
and writing is so powerful.
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4143
A relação entre ler e escrever
é muito poderosa.
16:40
When we begin to read,
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2059
Quando começamos a ler,
16:42
we begin to find the words.
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2083
começamos a encontrar as palavras.
16:45
And he found the words
to imagine the two of them together.
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4643
Ele encontrou as palavras
para imaginar os dois juntos.
16:50
He found the words
278
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1708
Ele encontrou as palavras
16:53
to tell her how much he loved her.
279
1001958
2250
para dizer à filha o quanto ele a amava.
16:58
Reading also changed
our relationship with each other.
280
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3934
A leitura também mudou nossa relação.
17:02
It gave us an occasion for intimacy,
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Ela nos deu uma ocasião para intimidade,
17:04
to see beyond our points of view.
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2893
para ver além de nossos pontos de vista.
17:07
And reading took an unequal relationship
283
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2684
A leitura fez uso de uma relação desigual
17:09
and gave us a momentary equality.
284
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2667
e nos deu uma igualdade momentânea.
17:14
When you meet somebody as a reader,
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2934
Quando conhecemos alguém que é um leitor,
17:17
you meet him for the first time,
286
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1976
nós o conhecemos pela primeira vez,
17:19
newly, freshly.
287
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1708
de uma maneira nova e com mais frescor.
17:21
There is no way you can know
what his favorite line will be.
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3208
Não há como saber
qual será seu verso preferido,
17:26
What memories and private griefs he has.
289
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3208
quais são suas lembranças
e aflições particulares.
17:30
And you face the ultimate privacy
of his inner life.
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4000
Enfrentamos a privacidade derradeira
de sua vida interior.
E começamos a pensar:
"Do que é feita minha vida interior?
17:35
And then you start to wonder,
"Well, what is my inner life made of?
291
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3435
17:39
What do I have that's worthwhile
to share with another?"
292
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3250
O que tenho que vale a pena
compartilhar com alguém?"
17:45
I want to close
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Quero finalizar
17:48
on some of my favorite lines
from Patrick's letters to his daughter.
294
1056208
4292
com alguns de meus versos preferidos
das cartas de Patrick para a filha.
17:53
"The river is shadowy in some places
295
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2768
"O rio é sombrio em alguns lugares,
17:56
but the light shines
through the cracks of trees ...
296
1064125
3268
mas a luz brilha
através das frestas das árvores...
17:59
On some branches
hang plenty of mulberries.
297
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3559
Em alguns ramos, pendem muitas amoras.
18:03
You stretch your arm
straight out to grab some."
298
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3458
Esticamos o braço, sem hesitar,
para pegar algumas."
18:08
And this lovely letter, where he writes,
299
1076042
2434
E esta carta adorável, em que ele escreve:
18:10
"Close your eyes and listen
to the sounds of the words.
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4351
"Feche os olhos e escute
os sons das palavras.
18:14
I know this poem by heart
301
1082875
2184
Sei este poema de cor
18:17
and I would like you to know it, too."
302
1085083
2834
e gostaria que você também soubesse".
18:21
Thank you so much everyone.
303
1089375
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Muito obrigada a todos.
(Aplausos)
18:23
(Applause)
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1091208
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Translated by Maurício Kakuei Tanaka
Reviewed by Eder Pinheiro

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michelle Kuo - Teacher, writer, lawyer
Michelle Kuo believes in the power of reading to connect us with one another, creating a shared universe.

Why you should listen

Michelle Kuo is a teacher, lawyer, writer and passionate advocate of prison education. She has taught English at an alternative school for kids who were expelled from other schools in rural Arkansas, located in the Mississippi Delta. While at Harvard Law School, she received the National Clinical Association's award for her advocacy of children with special needs. Later, as a lawyer for undocumented immigrants in Oakland, Kuo helped tenants facing evictions, workers stiffed out of their wages and families facing deportation. She has also volunteered at a detention center in south Texas, helping families apply for asylum, and taught courses at San Quentin Prison. Currently, she teaches in the History, Law, and Society program at the American University of Paris, where she works to inspire students on issues of migrant justice and criminal justice. This fall, she is helping to start a prison education program in France.

In 2017, Kuo released Reading with Patrick, a memoir of teaching reading in a rural county jail in Arkansas. A runner-up for the Goddard Riverside Social Justice Prize and Dayton Literary Peace Prize, the book explores questions of what it is we owe each other and how starkly economic and racial inequality determine our life outcomes.

(Photo: Jasmine Cowen)

More profile about the speaker
Michelle Kuo | Speaker | TED.com

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