ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Gilbert - Psychologist; happiness expert
Harvard psychologist Dan Gilbert says our beliefs about what will make us happy are often wrong -- a premise he supports with intriguing research, and explains in his accessible and unexpectedly funny book, Stumbling on Happiness.

Why you should listen

Dan Gilbert believes that, in our ardent, lifelong pursuit of happiness, most of us have the wrong map. In the same way that optical illusions fool our eyes -- and fool everyone's eyes in the same way -- Gilbert argues that our brains systematically misjudge what will make us happy. And these quirks in our cognition make humans very poor predictors of our own bliss.

The premise of his current research -- that our assumptions about what will make us happy are often wrong -- is supported with clinical research drawn from psychology and neuroscience. But his delivery is what sets him apart. His engaging -- and often hilarious -- style pokes fun at typical human behavior and invokes pop-culture references everyone can relate to. This winning style translates also to Gilbert's writing, which is lucid, approachable and laugh-out-loud funny. The immensely readable Stumbling on Happiness, published in 2006, became a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 20 languages.

In fact, the title of his book could be drawn from his own life. At 19, he was a high school dropout with dreams of writing science fiction. When a creative writing class at his community college was full, he enrolled in the only available course: psychology. He found his passion there, earned a doctorate in social psychology in 1985 at Princeton, and has since won a Guggenheim Fellowship and the Phi Beta Kappa teaching prize for his work at Harvard. He has written essays and articles for The New York Times, Time and even Starbucks, while continuing his research into happiness at his Hedonic Psychology Laboratory.

More profile about the speaker
Dan Gilbert | Speaker | TED.com
TED2004

Dan Gilbert: The surprising science of happiness

Dan Gilbert sprašuje, zakaj smo srečni?

Filmed:
18,394,509 views

Dan Gilbert, avtor uspešnice "Stumbling on Happiness", spodbija trditev, da postanemo nesrečni, ko ne dobimo željenega. Naš "psihološki imunski sistem" nas osreči tudi, ko stvari ne gredo po načrtih.
- Psychologist; happiness expert
Harvard psychologist Dan Gilbert says our beliefs about what will make us happy are often wrong -- a premise he supports with intriguing research, and explains in his accessible and unexpectedly funny book, Stumbling on Happiness. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
When you have 21 minutesminut to speakgovoriti,
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Ko imate 21 minut na voljo za predstavitev,
00:17
two millionmilijonov yearslet seemsZdi se like a really long time.
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se dva milijona let zdi dolga doba.
00:20
But evolutionarilyevolucijsko, two millionmilijonov yearslet is nothing.
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Vendar sta dva milijona let evolucijsko komaj kaj.
00:23
And yetše in two millionmilijonov yearslet the humančlovek brainmožganov has nearlyskoraj tripledpotrojili in massmasa,
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Kljub temu se je v tem času teža človeških možganov potrojila,
00:29
going from the one-and-a-quartereno-in četrtino poundfunt brainmožganov of our ancestorprednik here, HabilisHabilisa,
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s pol kilograma, kolikor so tehtali možgani našega prednika Habilisa,
00:32
to the almostskoraj three-poundtri-funt meatloafMesna štruca that everybodyvsi here has betweenmed theirnjihovi earsušesa.
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na 1,3 kilogramsko gibanico, ki jo nosimo med ušesi.
00:38
What is it about a bigvelik brainmožganov that naturenarava was so eagerpoželjiv for everyvsak one of us to have one?
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Kaj je takšnega na velikih možganih, da jih je narava človeku priskrbela?
00:45
Well, it turnszavrti out when brainsmožgani tripletrojni in sizevelikost,
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Ko se možganom potroji velikost,
00:48
they don't just get threetri timeskrat biggervečje; they gaindobiček newnovo structuresstrukture.
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ne postanejo samo trikrat večji, ampak hkrati pridobijo nove strukture.
00:52
And one of the mainglavni reasonsrazlogov our brainmožganov got so bigvelik is because it got a newnovo partdel,
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Naši možgani so se tako povečali predvsem zato, ker so dobili nov del,
00:56
calledpozval the "frontalčelni lobeklina." And particularlyzlasti, a partdel calledpozval the "pre-frontalpred čelnega cortexkorteks."
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imenovan čelni reženj. Zlasti pa področje imenovano prefrontalna skorja.
01:00
Now what does a pre-frontalpred čelnega cortexkorteks do for you that should justifyupravičiti
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Čemu sploh služi prefrontalna skorja, da lahko upraviči
01:04
the entirecelotno architecturalarhitekturno overhaulPrenova of the humančlovek skulllobanja in the blinkutripa of evolutionaryevolucijski time?
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celotno preobrazbo človeške lobanje v tako kratkem času?
01:09
Well, it turnszavrti out the pre-frontalpred čelnega cortexkorteks does lots of things,
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Izkaže se, da ima prefrontalna skorja številne naloge.
01:12
but one of the mostnajbolj importantpomembno things it does
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Ena najpomembnejših med njmi je,
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is it is an experienceizkušnje simulatorSimulator.
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da deluje kot simulator doživljanja.
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FlightLet pilotspiloti practicepraksa in flightlet simulatorssimulatorji
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Piloti vadijo v simulatorjih,
01:22
so that they don't make realresnično mistakesnapake in planesletala.
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da ne bi naredili napak med pravimi leti.
01:24
HumanLjudi beingsbitja have this marvelousčudovito adaptationprilagoditev
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Človek je razvil to čudovito prilagoditev,
01:27
that they can actuallydejansko have experiencesizkušnje in theirnjihovi headsglave
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da lahko dejansko doživlja dogodke
01:31
before they try them out in realresnično life.
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preden jih izkusi v resničnem življenju.
01:33
This is a tricktrik that nonenič of our ancestorspredniki could do,
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To je veščina, ki je naši predniki niso imeli
01:36
and that no other animalživali can do quitečisto like we can. It's a marvelousčudovito adaptationprilagoditev.
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in je nobena druga žival ne obvlada tako kot mi. To je čudovita prilagoditev.
01:41
It's up there with opposablenasprotno thumbspalce and standingstoji uprightpokonci and languagejezik
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Kosa se lahko s oprijemalnim palcem, pokončno držo in govorom
01:45
as one of the things that got our speciesvrste out of the treesdrevesa
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ter je ena tistih stvari, ki nas je z dreves spravila
01:48
and into the shoppingnakupovanje mallcenter.
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v nakupovalna središča.
01:50
Now -- (LaughterSmeh) -- all of you have doneKončano this.
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- (Smeh) - To veščino vsi uporabljamo.
01:53
I mean, you know,
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Na primer,
01:54
BenBen and Jerry'sJerry's doesn't have liver-and-onionjetra in čebula iceled creamkrema,
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ni mogoče najti sladoleda z okusom jeter in čebule.
01:58
and it's not because they whippedstepeno some up, triedposkušal it and wentšla, "YuckFuj."
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Ne zato, ker bi ga kdo naredil, poizkusil in se zgrozil.
02:01
It's because, withoutbrez leavingodhod your armchairFotelj,
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Ampak si lahko, ne da bi pomignili,
02:04
you can simulatesimulirati that flavorokus and say "yuckFuj" before you make it.
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predstavljate ta okus in se zgrozite preden ga naredite.
02:08
Let's see how your experienceizkušnje simulatorssimulatorji are workingdelo.
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Poglejmo, kako deluje vaš simulator doživljanja.
02:13
Let's just runteči a quickhitro diagnosticdiagnostika
before I proceednadaljevati with the restpočitek of the talk.
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Naredimo kratek preizkus, preden nadaljujem s predstavitvijo.
02:17
Here'sTukaj je two differentdrugačen futuresterminske pogodbe that I invitepovabite you to contemplaterazmišljam,
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Razmislite o dveh različnih življenjskih poteh,
02:21
and you can try to simulatesimulirati them and tell me whichki one you think you mightmorda preferraje.
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simulirajte ju in povejte, katera pot vam je ljubša.
02:25
One of them is winningzmagovalec the lotteryloterija. This is about 314 millionmilijonov dollarsdolarjev.
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Prva je dobitek na loteriji. Ta je vreden 314 milijonov dolarjev.
02:30
And the other is becomingpostaja paraplegicparaplegik.
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Druga možnost je postati paraplegik.
02:33
So, just give it a momenttrenutek of thought.
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Vzemite si trenutek za razmislek.
02:36
You probablyverjetno don't feel like you need a momenttrenutek of thought.
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Verjetno se vam zdi, da ne potrebujete razmisleka.
02:39
InterestinglyZanimivo je, there are datapodatkov on these two groupsskupine of people,
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Zanimivo je, da obstajajo podatki o teh dveh skupinah ljudi,
02:43
datapodatkov on how happyvesel they are.
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o tem kako srečni so.
02:45
And this is exactlytočno what you expectedpričakovano, isn't it?
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In to je natančno, kar ste pričakovali, kaj ne?
02:48
But these aren'tne the datapodatkov. I madeizdelane these up!
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Vendar to niso pravi podatki. Te sem si sam izmislil!
02:51
These are the datapodatkov. You failedni uspelo the poppop quizkviz, and you're hardlytežko fivepet minutesminut into the lecturepredavanje.
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To so pravi podatki. Po petih minutah predstavitve ste že padli na preizkusu znanja.
02:56
Because the factdejstvo is that a yearleto after losingizgublja the use of theirnjihovi legsnog,
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Dejstvo je, da po enem letu od izgube sposobnosti uporabe nog
03:00
and a yearleto after winningzmagovalec the lottoLoto, lotteryloterija winnerszmagovalci and paraplegicsparaplegike
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in eno leto po zmagi na lotu, so dobitniki na lotu in paraplegiki
03:05
are equallyenako happyvesel with theirnjihovi livesživi.
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enako srečni s svojim življenjem.
03:07
Now, don't feel too badslab about failingneuspeh the first poppop quizkviz,
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Naj vas ne skrbi preveč, ker ste padli na preizkusu,
03:10
because everybodyvsi failsne uspe all of the poppop quizzeskvizi all of the time.
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saj vsi vedno znova padejo na vseh preizkusih.
03:13
The researchraziskave that my laboratorylaboratorij has been doing,
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Raziskave, ki smo jih naredili v mojem laboratoriju
03:16
that economistsekonomisti and psychologistspsihologi around the countrydržava have been doing,
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in ki jih delajo ekonomisti in psihologi po celi državi,
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have revealedpokazala something really quitečisto startlingpresenetljivo to us,
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so razkrile nekaj zelo vznemirljivega.
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something we call the "impactvpliv biaspristranskost,"
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Nekaj, kar imenujemo vpliv nagnjenosti,
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whichki is the tendencytežnja for the simulatorSimulator to work badlyslabo.
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in označuje težnjo simulatorja k napakam.
03:28
For the simulatorSimulator to make you believe that differentdrugačen outcomesrezultatov
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Simulator vas prepriča v to, da so različni izidi
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are more differentdrugačen than in factdejstvo they really are.
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bolj različni, kot v resnici drži.
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From fieldpolje studiesštudije to laboratorylaboratorij studiesštudije,
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Od opazovalnih do laboratorijskih raziskav,
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we see that winningzmagovalec or losingizgublja an electionvolitve, gainingpridobivanje or losingizgublja a romanticromantično partnerpartnerja,
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vse kaže, da zmaga ali poraz na volitvah, začetek ali konec romantične zveze,
03:41
gettingpridobivanje or not gettingpridobivanje a promotionpromocija, passingmimo or not passingmimo a collegekolegij testtest,
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uspeh ali neuspeh pri napredovanju v službi in pri opravljanju izpitov
03:46
on and on, have fardaleč lessmanj impactvpliv, lessmanj intensityintenzivnost and much lessmanj durationtrajanje
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in tako dalje, imajo veliko manjši učinek, manjšo globino in so krajši,
03:51
than people expectpričakovati them to have.
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kot ljudje pričakujejo.
03:54
In factdejstvo, a recentnedavno studyštudija -- this almostskoraj floorstla me --
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Najnovejša raziskava -- ki me zelo preseneča--
03:57
a recentnedavno studyštudija showingprikazovanje how majorMajor life traumastravme affectvplivati people
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preučuje, kako velike travme vplivajo na ljudi,
04:02
suggestspredlaga that if it happenedse je zgodilo over threetri monthsmesecev agonazaj,
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je pokazala, da po treh mesecih,
04:05
with only a fewmalo exceptionsizjeme,
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s samo nekaj izjemami,
04:06
it has no impactvpliv whatsoeverkarkoli on your happinesssreča.
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travma nima več nikakršnega vpliva na vašo srečo.
04:09
Why?
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Zakaj?
04:12
Because happinesssreča can be synthesizedsintetizirani.
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Ker je srečo mogoče sintetizirati.
04:16
SirGospod ThomasThomas BrownBrown wrotenapisal in 1642, "I am the happiestnajsrečnejši man aliveživ.
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Sir Thomas Brown je leta 1642 napisal, "Sem najsrečnejši človek na svetu.
04:20
I have that in me that can convertpretvoriti povertyrevščina to richesbogastvo, adversitystisko to prosperityBlaginja.
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V meni je tisto, kar spreobrne revščino v bogastvo, nesrečo v blaginjo.
04:26
I am more invulnerableneranljiv than AchillesAhil; fortunesreča hathdade not one placemesto to hitudaril me."
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Bolj sem neranljiv od Ahila; usoda me nima kam udariti."
04:30
What kindvrste of remarkableizjemno machinerystroji does this guy have in his headglava?
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Kakšno izredno mašinerijo ima ta človek v glavi?
04:34
Well, it turnszavrti out it's preciselynatančno the sameenako remarkableizjemno machinerystroji that all off us have.
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Izkaže se, da ima natanko enako izredno mašinerijo, kot jo imamo vsi ostali.
04:39
HumanLjudi beingsbitja have something that we mightmorda think of as a "psychologicalpsihološko immuneimunski systemsistem."
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Človek ima nekaj, kar si lahko predstavljamo kot psihološki imunski sistem.
04:45
A systemsistem of cognitivekognitivno processesprocesov, largelyv veliki meri non-consciousne-zavestno cognitivekognitivno processesprocesov,
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Sistem miselnih procesov, večinoma nezavednih,
04:50
that help them changesprememba theirnjihovi viewspogledi of the worldsvet,
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ki človeku pomaga spremeniti pogled na svet,
04:54
so that they can feel better about the worldssvetove in whichki they find themselvessami.
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zato, da se lahko bolje počuti v danih okoliščinah.
04:58
Like SirGospod ThomasThomas, you have this machinestroj.
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Kot g. Thomas imate tudi v to sposobnost.
05:00
UnlikeZa razliko od SirGospod ThomasThomas, you seemzdi se not to know it. (LaughterSmeh)
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Za razliko od g. Thomasa se je verjetno ne zavedate.
05:04
We synthesizesintetizirati happinesssreča, but we think happinesssreča is a thing to be foundnajdemo.
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Srečo sintetiziramo, prepričani pa smo, da jo moramo iskati.
05:10
Now, you don't need me to give you too manyveliko examplesprimeri of people synthesizingsintetiziranje happinesssreča,
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Ne potrebujete me, da bi vam pokazal veliko primerov, kako ljudje sintetizirajo srečo.
05:15
I suspectsumite. ThoughČeprav I'm going to showshow you some experimentaleksperimentalni evidencedokazov,
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Čeprav vam bom pokazal nekaj eksperimentalnih dokazov,
05:18
you don't have to look very fardaleč for evidencedokazov.
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jih ni potrebno iskati daleč.
05:21
As a challengeizziv to myselfjaz, sinceod I say this onceenkrat in a while in lecturespredavanja,
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Kot izziv samemu sebi, to namreč občasno rečem med predavanji,
05:24
I tookvzel a copykopirati of the NewNove YorkYork TimesKrat and triedposkušal to find some instancesprimerov of people synthesizingsintetiziranje happinesssreča.
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sem vzel izvod New York Timesa in poizkusil najti primere, ko ljudje sintetizirajo srečo.
05:28
And here are threetri guys synthesizingsintetiziranje happinesssreča.
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Tukaj so trije, ki so sintetitzirali srečo.
05:30
"I am so much better off physicallyfizično, financiallyfinančno, emotionallyčustveno, mentallyduševno
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"Bolje sem fizično, finančno, emocionalno, mentalno
05:33
and almostskoraj everyvsak other way." "I don't have one minute'sminuto regretŽal.
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in na skoraj vseh ostalih področjih." "Niti malo mi ni žal.
05:37
It was a gloriousslavno experienceizkušnje." "I believe it turnedobrnjen out for the bestnajboljši."
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To je bila veličastna izkušnja". "Verjamem, da se je izšlo najbolje."
05:40
Who are these charactersznakov who are so damnPrekleto happyvesel?
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Kdo so te osebe, ki so tako prekleto srečne?
05:42
Well, the first one is JimJim WrightWright.
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Prvi je Jim Wright.
05:44
Some of you are oldstar enoughdovolj to rememberZapomni si: he was the chairmanpredsednik of the HouseHiša of RepresentativesPredstavniki
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Nekateri ste dovolj stari, da se ga spomnite: bil je predsednik spodnjega doma ameriškega kongresa.
05:48
and he resignedodstopil in disgracesramota when this youngmladi RepublicanRepublikanec namedimenovan NewtPupka GingrichGingrich
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Nečastno je odstopil, ko je mlad republikanec z imenom Newt Gingrich
05:52
foundnajdemo out about a shadysenčnih bookknjigo dealobravnava he had doneKončano.
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razkril njegove sumljive posle.
05:55
He lostizgubljen everything. The mostnajbolj powerfulmočno DemocratDemokrat in the countrydržava,
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Vse je izgubil. Najvplivnejši demokrat v državi,
05:57
he lostizgubljen everything.
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je izgubil vse.
05:58
He lostizgubljen his moneydenar; he lostizgubljen his powermoč.
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Izgubil je denar, izgubil je moč.
06:01
What does he have to say all these yearslet laterpozneje about it?
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Kaj ima za povedati po vseh teh letih?
06:03
"I am so much better off physicallyfizično, financiallyfinančno, mentallyduševno
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"Toliko sem bolje fizično, finančno, mentalno
06:06
and in almostskoraj everyvsak other way."
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in na skoraj vseh ostalih področjih."
06:08
What other way would there be to be better off?
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Na katerih področjih je sploh lahko bolje?
06:10
VegetablyVegetably? MinerallyMinerally? AnimallyAnimally? He's prettylepa much coveredpokrita them there.
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Zelenjavno? Mineralno? Živalno? Je kar pokrit.
06:14
MoreeseIzpuščen, je povedal BickhamŠe niste is somebodynekdo you've never heardslišal of.
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Za Moreesea Bickhama še niste slišali.
06:16
MoreeseIzpuščen, je povedal BickhamŠe niste utteredizrekel these wordsbesede uponna beingbiti releasedsprosti.
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Ko je bil izpuščen, je povedal naslednje.
06:20
He was 78 yearslet oldstar. He spentpreživel 37 yearslet
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Star je bil 78 let. 37 let je preživel
v Louisianskem zaporu za zločin, ki ga ni zagrešil.
06:22
in a LouisianaLouisiana StateDržava PenitentiaryZaporih
for a crimekriminal he didn't commitzavezati.
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Na koncu je bil osvobojen,
06:25
[He was ultimatelykončno
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releasedsprosti for good behaviorvedenje
halfwayna pol poti throughskozi his sentencestavek.]
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pri 78ih, zaradi DNK dokazov.
06:30
And what did he have to say about his experienceizkušnje?
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Kaj je povedal o svoji izkušnji?
06:32
"I don't have one minute'sminuto regretŽal. It was a gloriousslavno experienceizkušnje."
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"Niti malo mi ni žal. To je bila veličastna izkušnja."
06:34
GloriousSlavno! This guy is not sayinggovoriti,
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Veličastna! Ni rekel:
06:36
"Well, you know, there were some nicelepo guys. They had a gymtelovadba."
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"Spoznal sem par prijaznih ljudi. Imeli so telovadnico."
06:38
It's "gloriousslavno,"
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"Veličastna",
06:39
a wordbeseda we usuallyobičajno reserverezerva for something like a religiousreligiozno experienceizkušnje.
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beseda, ki jo navadno uporabljamo za na primer religiozna doživetja.
06:43
HarryHarry S. LangermanLangerman utteredizrekel these wordsbesede, and he's somebodynekdo you mightmorda have knownznano
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Harry S. Langerman je nekdo, ki bi ga lahko poznali
06:47
but didn't, because in 1949 he readpreberite a little articlečlanek in the paperpapir
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ampak ga ne. Leta 1949 je prebral članek
06:50
about a hamburgerhamburger standstojalo ownedv lasti by these two brothersBratje namedimenovan McDonaldsMcDonalds.
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o stojnici s hamburgerji v lasti nekih dveh bratov z imenom McDonalds.
06:54
And he thought, "That's a really neatlepo ideaideja!"
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Mislil si je, "to je kar dobro zamisel!"
06:56
So he wentšla to find them. They said,
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Poiskal jih je. Odgovorili so mu,
06:58
"We can give you a franchisefranšiza on this for 3,000 bucksdolarjev."
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"Franšizo ti lahko damo za 3000 dolarjev."
07:00
HarryHarry wentšla back to NewNove YorkYork, askedvprašal his brotherbrat who'skdo je an investmentnaložbe bankerbankir
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Harry se je vrnil v New York in prosil brata, ki je delal kot investicijski bankir,
07:04
to loanposojilo him the 3,000 dollarsdolarjev,
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naj mu posodi 3000 dolarjev.
07:05
and his brother'sbrata immortalnesmrtni wordsbesede were,
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Nesmrtne besede brata so bile:
07:07
"You idiotidiot, nobodynihče eatspoje hamburgershamburgerji."
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"Ti bebec, nihče ne je hamburgerjev."
07:08
He wouldn'tne bi lendposojajo him the moneydenar, and of courseseveda sixšest monthsmesecev laterpozneje
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Denarja mu ni posodil in seveda šest mesecev kasneje
07:11
RayRay CrocCroc had exactlytočno the sameenako ideaideja.
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je imel Ray Croc povsem enako zamisel.
07:13
It turnszavrti out people do eatjesti hamburgershamburgerji,
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Izkazalo se je, da ljudje jedo hamburgerje
07:15
and RayRay CrocCroc, for a while, becamepostati the richestnajbogatejši man in AmericaAmerika.
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in Ray Croc je za nekaj časa postal najbogatejši Američan.
07:20
And then finallykončno -- you know, the bestnajboljši of all possiblemogoče worldssvetove --
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Na koncu --najboljša možnost--
07:22
some of you recognizeprepoznati this youngmladi photofotografija of PetePete BestNajboljši,
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nekateri boste prepoznali to sliko mladega Petea Besta,
07:27
who was the originaloriginal drummerbobnar for the BeatlesBeatles,
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ki je bil prvi bobnar Beatlesov,
07:29
untildo they, you know, sentposlano him out on an errandopravek and snucksnuck away
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dokler ga niso "poslali po opravkih" in skrivaj pobegnili
07:32
and pickedizbrali up RingoRingo on a tourturnejo.
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ter na turi pobrali Ringa.
07:35
Well, in 1994, when PetePete BestNajboljši was interviewedintervjuji
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Ko so imeli leta 1994 intervju s Pete Bestom
07:37
-- yes, he's still a drummerbobnar; yes, he's a studiostudio musicianglasbenik --
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-- da, še vedno je bobnar in glasbenik v studiu--
07:40
he had this to say: "I'm happiersrečnejši than I would have been with the BeatlesBeatles."
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je povedal sledeče: "Srečnejši sem, kot bi bil z Beatlesi."
07:43
Okay. There's something importantpomembno to be learnednaučili from these people,
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Dobro. Nekaj pomembnega se lahko naučimo od teh ljudi
07:46
and it is the secretskrivnost of happinesssreča.
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in to je skrivnost sreče.
07:48
Here it is, finallykončno to be revealedpokazala.
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Tukaj je, končno bo razkrita.
07:50
First: accruepridobiti wealthbogastvo, powermoč, and prestigeprestiž,
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Prvo: pridobite si bogastvo, moč in ugled,
07:53
then loseizgubi it. (LaughterSmeh)
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nato jih izgubite. (Smeh)
07:56
SecondDrugi: spendporabiti as much of your life in prisonzapor as you possiblymorda can.
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Drugo: preživite čim daljši del življenja v zaporu.
07:59
(LaughterSmeh) ThirdTretje: make somebodynekdo elsedrugače really, really richbogat. (LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh) Tretje: Nekoga drugega naredite zelo bogatega. (Smeh)
08:04
And finallykončno: never ever joinPridružite se the BeatlesBeatles. (LaughterSmeh)
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In končno: nikoli se ne pridružite Beatlesom. (Smeh)
08:08
OK. Now I, like ZeZe FrankFrank, can predictnapovedati your nextNaslednji thought,
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OK. Tako kot Ze Frank, lahko tudi jaz predvidim kaj si mislite,
08:13
whichki is, "Yeah, right." Because when
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to je: "Ja, seveda." Ko
08:15
people synthesizesintetizirati happinesssreča, as these gentlemengospodje seemzdi se to have doneKončano,
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ljudje sintetizirajo srečo, kakor ti gospodje,
08:19
we all smilenasmeh at them, but we kindvrste of rollroll our eyesoči and say,
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se jim nasmehnemo, hkrati pa zavijamo z očmi in si mislimo,
08:23
"Yeah right, you never really wanted the jobdelo."
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"Ja, seveda, nikoli si res nisi želel te službe."
08:26
"Oh yeah, right. You really didn't
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"Ja, seveda. Saj res nisi
08:27
have that much in commonpogosti with her,
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imel dosti skupnega z njo
08:30
and you figuredfigured that out just about the time
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in to si odkril ravno, ko ti je
08:32
she threwvrgel the engagementsodelovanje ringprstan in your faceobraz."
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vrgla zaročni prstan v obraz."
08:34
We smirkveselega because we believe that syntheticsintetični happinesssreča
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Zaničljivo se nasmehnemo, ker verjamemo, da sintetizirana sreča
08:38
is not of the sameenako qualitykakovost as what we mightmorda call "naturalnaravno happinesssreča."
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ni iste kakovosti kot tako imenovana naravna sreča.
08:41
What are these termspogoji?
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Kakšni so to izrazi?
08:42
NaturalNaravne happinesssreča is what we get when we get what we wanted,
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Naravna sreča je tisto, kar dobimo, ko dosežemo željeno.
08:46
and syntheticsintetični happinesssreča is what we make when we don't get what we wanted.
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Sintetizirana sreča je tisto, kar naredimo, ko ne dobimo željenega.
08:51
And in our societydružbo, we have a strongmočno beliefprepričanje
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In v naši družbi prevladuje prepričanje,
08:54
that syntheticsintetični happinesssreča is of an inferiorslabše kindvrste.
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da je sintetična sreča manjvredna.
08:57
Why do we have that beliefprepričanje?
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Zakaj to verjamemo?
08:59
Well, it's very simplepreprosto. What kindvrste of economicgospodarsko enginemotor
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To je enostavno. Kakšen ekonomski sistem
09:03
would keep churningpinjenje
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bi še deloval,
09:04
if we believedverjel that not gettingpridobivanje what we want could make us just as happyvesel as gettingpridobivanje it?
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če bi verjeli, da bomo enako srečni, če dobimo ali ne dobimo željenega?
09:10
With all apologiesopravičilo to my friendprijatelj MatthieuMatthieu RicardRicard,
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Z vsem spoštovanjem do prijatelja Matthieu Ricarda,
09:14
a shoppingnakupovanje mallcenter fullpolno of ZenZen monksmenihi
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nakupovalno središče polno Zen menihov
09:16
is not going to be particularlyzlasti profitabledonosno
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ne bo posebej dobičkonosno,
09:18
because they don't want stuffstvari enoughdovolj.
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ker si le ti ne želijo stvari zadosti.
09:22
I want to suggestpredlagajte to you that syntheticsintetični happinesssreča
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Skušal vam bom pokazati, da je sintetizirana sreča
09:25
is everyvsak bitbit as realresnično and enduringtrajno
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povsem enako resnična in trajna
09:28
as the kindvrste of happinesssreča you stumbleposrnuti uponna
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kot tista sreča, ki jo najdete,
09:31
when you get exactlytočno what you were aimings ciljem for.
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ko dobite natanko to, kar ste si želeli.
09:34
Now, I'm a scientistznanstvenik, so I'm going to do this not with rhetoricretorika,
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Kot znanstvenik ne bom leporečil,
09:35
but by marinatingmariniranje you in a little bitbit of datapodatkov.
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ampak vas bom namočil v nekaj podatkov.
09:38
Let me first showshow you an experimentaleksperimentalni paradigmparadigma that is used
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Najprej vam bom predstavil eksperimentalno paradigmo
09:40
to demonstratedokazati the synthesissinteza of happinesssreča
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za prikaz sintetiziranja sreče
09:44
amongmed regularredno oldstar folksljudje. And this isn't minemoj.
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med starostniki. To ni moje delo.
09:46
This is a 50-year-old- letnik paradigmparadigma calledpozval the "freeprost choiceizbira paradigmparadigma."
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To je 50 let stara paradigma, imenovana paradigma svobodne izbire.
09:49
It's very simplepreprosto.
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Zelo je enostavna.
09:51
You bringprinesi in, say, sixšest objectspredmetov,
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Prinesete recimo šest predmetov,
09:54
and you askvprašajte a subjectpredmet to rankčin them from the mostnajbolj to the leastvsaj likedVšeč mi je.
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preiskovanec pa jih razvrsti od najbolj do najmanj zaželjenega.
09:56
In this caseprimera, because the experimentposkus I'm going to tell you about usesuporabe them,
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V tem primeru, ker jih uporabljamo tudi v naslednjem poizkusu,
09:59
these are MonetMonet printsnatisne.
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so to Monetove slike.
10:01
So, everybodyvsi can rankčin these MonetMonet printsnatisne
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Vsak lahko razvrsti te Monetove slike
10:03
from the one they like the mostnajbolj, to the one they like the leastvsaj.
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po vrsti, glede na to, koliko so mu všeč.
10:05
Now we give you a choiceizbira:
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Zdaj vam damo na izbiro:
10:07
"We happense zgodi to have some extraekstra printsnatisne in the closetomari.
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"Slučajno imamo nekaj dodatnih slik v shrambi.
10:10
We're going to give you one as your prizenagrada to take home.
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Za nagrado lahko eno vzamete domov.
10:12
We happense zgodi to have numberštevilka threetri and numberštevilka fourštiri,"
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Slučajno imamo številko tri in štiri,"
10:15
we tell the subjectpredmet. This is a bitbit of a difficulttežko choiceizbira,
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jim povemo. To ni povsem lahko odločitev,
10:18
because neitherniti ne one is preferredprednost stronglymočno to the other,
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ker so slike preiskovancem podobno všeč,
10:21
but naturallynaravno, people tendnagibati se to pickpick numberštevilka threetri
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seveda ljudje praviloma izberejo številko tri,
10:24
because they likedVšeč mi je it a little better than numberštevilka fourštiri.
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ker se jim bolj dopade od štirice.
10:27
SometimeBivši laterpozneje -- it could be 15 minutesminut; it could be 15 daysdnevi --
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Čez nekaj časa -- lahko čez 15 minut ali čez 15 dni --
10:30
the sameenako stimulidražljaje are put before the subjectpredmet,
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se preiskovancem pokaže iste dražljaje
10:33
and the subjectpredmet is askedvprašal to re-rankponovno razvrstijo the stimulidražljaje.
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in oni jih ponovno razvrstijo.
10:35
"Tell us how much you like them now."
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"Povejte, koliko so vam zdaj všeč."
10:37
What happensse zgodi? Watch as happinesssreča is synthesizedsintetizirani.
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Kaj se zgodi? Glejte, kako se sreča sintetizira.
10:40
This is the resultrezultat that has been replicatedponoviti over and over again.
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To je rezultat, ki so ga ponovili znova in znova.
10:44
You're watchinggledal happinesssreča be synthesizedsintetizirani.
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Gledate, kako se sreča sintetizira.
10:45
Would you like to see it again? HappinessSreče!
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Bi radi še enkrat videli? Sreča!
10:50
"The one I got is really better than I thought!
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"Podarjena slika je boljša, kot sem mislil!
10:52
That other one I didn't get suckszanič!"
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Tista, ki je nisem, dobil je slaba!"
10:54
(LaughterSmeh) That's the synthesissinteza of happinesssreča.
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(Smeh) To je sintetiziranje sreče.
10:56
Now what's the right responseodziv to that? "Yeah, right!"
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Kakšen je pravilen odgovor na to? "Ja, seveda!"
11:02
Now, here'sTukaj je the experimentposkus we did,
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Tukaj je poizkus, ki smo ga naredili
11:05
and I would hopeupanje this is going to convinceprepričajte you that
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in upam, da vas prepriča, da
11:06
"Yeah, right!" was not the right responseodziv.
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"Ja, seveda!" ni bil pravi odgovor.
11:09
We did this experimentposkus with a groupskupina of patientsbolnikov
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Naredili smo poizkus s skupino bolnikov
11:11
who had anterogradez anterogradno amnesiaamnezija. These are hospitalizedhospitaliziranih patientsbolnikov.
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z anterogradno amnezijo. To so bolniki v bolnišnicah.
11:14
MostVečina of them have Korsakoff'sOsebe Korsakoff syndromesindroma,
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Večina ima Korsakoffov sindrom,
11:16
a polyneuriticpolinevritična psychosispsihoze that -- they drankpila way too much,
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ki je polinevritična psihoza -- veliko preveč so pili,
11:21
and they can't make newnovo memoriesspomini.
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in ne morejo tvoriti novih spominov.
11:23
OK? They rememberZapomni si theirnjihovi childhoodotroštvo, but if you walkhodi in and introduceuvesti yourselfsami,
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OK? Spomnijo se svojega otroštva, če pa stopite v sobo, se jim predstavite
11:27
and then leavedopust the roomsoba,
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in nato odidete,
11:28
when you come back, they don't know who you are.
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ko se boste vrnili, ne bodo vedeli kdo ste.
11:31
We tookvzel our MonetMonet printsnatisne to the hospitalbolnišnica.
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Vzeli smo Monetove slike v bolnišnico.
11:34
And we askedvprašal these patientsbolnikov to rankčin them
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In prosili smo te bolnike, naj jih razvrstijo
11:38
from the one they likedVšeč mi je the mostnajbolj to the one they likedVšeč mi je the leastvsaj.
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od tiste, ki jim je najbolj, do tiste, ki jim je najmanj všeč.
11:41
We then gavedala them the choiceizbira betweenmed numberštevilka threetri and numberštevilka fourštiri.
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Nato so se odločili med številko tri in štiri.
11:45
Like everybodyvsi elsedrugače, they said,
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Kot vsi ostali, so rekli
11:47
"GeeJoj, thankshvala DocDoc! That's great! I could use a newnovo printnatisnite.
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"O hvala dohtar! Čudovito! Prav bo prišla.
11:49
I'll take numberštevilka threetri."
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Vzel bom številko tri."
11:51
We explainedpojasnil we would have numberštevilka threetri mailedposlali to them.
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Rekli smo, da bodo dobili številko tri po pošti.
11:55
We gatheredzbranih up our materialsmaterialov and we wentšla out of the roomsoba,
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Pobrali smo vse potrebščine, odšli iz sobe
11:58
and countedštetje to a halfpol houruro.
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in počakali pol ure.
12:00
Back into the roomsoba, we say, "Hiživjo, we're back."
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Spet v sobi smo rekli, "Živjo, nazaj smo."
12:03
The patientsbolnikov, blessblagoslovi them, say, "AhAh, DocDoc, I'm sorry,
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Bolniki, bog jih varuj, so rekli, "Dohtar, žal mi je,
12:07
I've got a memoryspomin problemproblem; that's why I'm here.
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Imam težave s spominom, zato sem tukaj.
12:09
If I've metsrečal you before, I don't rememberZapomni si."
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Če smo se srečali, se ne spominim."
12:11
"Really, JimJim, you don't rememberZapomni si? I was just here with the MonetMonet printsnatisne?"
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"Res, Jim, se ne spomnite? Ravno sem bilo tukaj z Monetovimi slikami?"
12:14
"Sorry, DocDoc, I just don't have a cluenamig."
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"Žal mi je dohtar, ne bi vedel."
12:17
"No problemproblem, JimJim. All I want you to do is rankčin these for me
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Nič hudega Jim. Prosil bi vas samo, da razvrstite te
12:20
from the one you like the mostnajbolj to the one you like the leastvsaj."
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slike glede na to, koliko so vam všeč."
12:25
What do they do? Well, let's first checkpreveri and make sure
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Kaj naredijo? Najprej preverimo,
12:27
they're really amnesiacAmnesiac. We askvprašajte these
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če se res ne spomnijo. Vprašamo te
12:29
amnesiacAmnesiac patientsbolnikov to tell us whichki one they ownlastno,
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pozabljive bolnike, katero so dobili,
12:33
whichki one they choseizbral last time, whichki one is theirsnjihova.
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katero so zadnjič izbrali, katera je njihova.
12:36
And what we find is amnesiacAmnesiac patientsbolnikov just guessugibati.
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Opazimo lahko, da ti bolniki enostavno ugibajo.
12:40
These are normalnormalno controlskontrole, where if I did this with you,
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To so zdrave kontrole, če bi to poizkusil z vami,
12:42
all of you would know whichki printnatisnite you choseizbral.
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bi vsi vedeli, katero sliko ste si izbrali.
12:44
But if I do this with amnesiacAmnesiac patientsbolnikov,
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Če pa to naredim pri naših bolnikih,
12:46
they don't have a cluenamig. They can't pickpick theirnjihovi printnatisnite out of a lineupčrta.
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se jim ne sanja. Med drugimi slikami ne najdejo svoje.
12:52
Here'sTukaj je what normalnormalno controlskontrole do: they synthesizesintetizirati happinesssreča.
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To naredijo zdrave kontrole: sintetizirajo srečo.
12:56
Right? This is the changesprememba in likingnaklonjenost scorerezultat,
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To je sprememba v oceni naklonjenosti,
12:58
the changesprememba from the first time they rankedpostavljen to the seconddrugič time they rankedpostavljen.
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sprememba od prvega do drugega ocenjevanja.
13:01
NormalNormalno controlskontrole showshow
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To so kontrole
13:02
-- that was the magicmagija I showedpokazala you;
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-- to je čarovnija, ki sem jo pokazal,
13:04
now I'm showingprikazovanje it to you in graphicalgrafični formobrazec --
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zdaj jo kažem v obliki diagramov--
13:07
"The one I ownlastno is better than I thought. The one I didn't ownlastno,
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"Podarjena slika je boljša, kot sem mislil. Tista, ki je nimam,
13:10
the one I left behindzadaj, is not as good as I thought."
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ki sem jo pustil, ni tako dobra, kot sem mislil."
13:13
AmnesiacsPozabljivi bolniki do exactlytočno the sameenako thing. Think about this resultrezultat.
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Pozabljivi bolniki naredijo povsem isto. Razmislite o teh rezultatih.
13:18
These people like better the one they ownlastno,
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Ti ljudje imajo raje tisto, kar je njihovo,
13:21
but they don't know they ownlastno it.
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čeprav ne vedo, da je njihovo.
13:25
"Yeah, right" is not the right responseodziv!
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"Ja, seveda" ni pravi odgovor!
13:29
What these people did when they synthesizedsintetizirani happinesssreča
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Ko so ti ljudje sintetizirali srečo,
13:32
is they really, trulyresnično changedspremenjeno
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so resnično spremenili
13:35
theirnjihovi affectiveAfektivno, hedonichedonski, aestheticestetsko reactionsreakcije to that posterplakat.
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svoj čustven, hedonističen in estetski odgovor do te slike.
13:40
They're not just sayinggovoriti it because they ownlastno it,
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Tega ne govorijo samo zato, ker je njihova,
13:43
because they don't know they ownlastno it.
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saj ne vedo, da je njihova.
13:47
Now, when psychologistspsihologi showshow you barspalice,
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Ko vam psihologi kažejo stolpce,
13:50
you know that they are showingprikazovanje you averagespovprečja of lots of people.
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veste, da vam kažejo povprečje množice ljudi.
13:53
And yetše, all of us have this psychologicalpsihološko immuneimunski systemsistem,
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Vendar imamo vsi ta psihološki imunski sistem,
13:57
this capacityzmogljivost to synthesizesintetizirati happinesssreča,
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to sposobnost sintetiziranja sreče,
13:59
but some of us do this tricktrik better than othersdrugi.
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čeprav nekateri to delamo bolje kot drugi.
14:02
And some situationssituacije allowdovolite anybodykdorkoli to do it more effectivelyučinkovito
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Nekatere okoliščine dovoljujejo večjo uspešnost
14:06
than other situationssituacije do.
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od drugih okoliščin.
14:10
It turnszavrti out that freedomsvobodo
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Svoboda
14:14
-- the abilitysposobnost to make up your mindum and changesprememba your mindum --
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-- možnost odločanja in možnost, da si premislite --
14:17
is the friendprijatelj of naturalnaravno happinesssreča, because it allowsdovoljuje you to chooseizberite
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je zaveznik naravne sreče, saj dopušča, da se odločite
14:20
amongmed all those deliciousokusno futuresterminske pogodbe and find the one that you would mostnajbolj enjoyuživajte.
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med vsemi krasnimi prihodnostmi in najdete najboljšo zase.
14:25
But freedomsvobodo to chooseizberite
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Svoboda odločanja
14:27
-- to changesprememba and make up your mindum -- is the enemysovražnik of syntheticsintetični happinesssreča.
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-- da se odločate in si premislite -- pa je sovražnik sintetizirane sreče.
14:31
And I'm going to showshow you why.
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Pokazal vam bom zakaj.
14:33
DilbertDilbert alreadyže knowsve, of courseseveda.
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Dilbert seveda že ve.
14:34
You're readingbranje the cartoonrisanka as I'm talkinggovoriti.
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Strip berete, medtem ko govorim.
14:36
"Dogbert'sPasja techtech supportpodporo. How maylahko I abusezlorabe you?"
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"Pasja tehnična pomoč. Kako lahko škodujem?"
14:38
"My printertiskalnik printsnatisne a blankprazno pagestran after everyvsak documentdokument."
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"Moj tiskalnik natisne prazno stran po vsakem dokumentu."
14:41
"Why would you complainpritožite about gettingpridobivanje freeprost paperpapir?"
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"Zakaj bi se pritoževali, če dobivate zastonj papir?"
14:43
"FreeProsta? Aren'tNiso you just givingdajanje me my ownlastno paperpapir?"
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"Zastonj? Mi ne dajate lastnega papirja?"
14:45
"EgadEgad, man! Look at the qualitykakovost of the freeprost paperpapir
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"Zaboga človek! Primerjaj kvaliteto zastonj papirja
14:47
comparedprimerjali to your lousySlabo regularredno paperpapir!
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z ušivim navadnim papirjem!
14:48
Only a foolbedak or a liarlažnivec would say that they look the sameenako!"
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Samo bedak ali lažnivec bi rekel, da sta enaka!"
14:51
"AhAh! Now that you mentionomeniti it, it does seemzdi se a little silkiersilkier!"
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"A! Ko ste tako rekli, se mi res zdi bolj nežen!"
14:54
"What are you doing?"
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"Kaj delaš?"
14:56
"I'm helpingpomoč people acceptsprejema the things they cannotne morem changesprememba." IndeedDejansko.
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"Ljudem pomagam sprejeti stvari, ki jih ne morejo spremeniti." Res.
14:59
The psychologicalpsihološko immuneimunski systemsistem worksdela bestnajboljši
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Psihološki imunski sistem deluje najbolje,
15:02
when we are totallypopolnoma stuckzaljubljen, when we are trappedujet.
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ko smo povsem obtičali, ko smo ujeti.
15:06
This is the differenceRazlika betweenmed datingdating and marriagezakon, right?
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To je razlika med zmenkom in zakonom, je res?
15:08
I mean, you go out on a datedatum with a guy,
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Če greste z nekom ven
15:10
and he picksizbor his nosenos; you don't go out on anotherdrugo datedatum.
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in si ta brska po nosu; ne greste na drugi zmenek.
15:12
You're marriedporočen to a guy and he picksizbor his nosenos?
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Če ste poročeni z nekom, ki si vrta po nosu?
15:14
Yeah, he has a heartsrce of goldzlato;
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Ja, saj ima veliko srce;
15:15
don't touchdotaknite se the fruitcakesadni kolač. Right? (LaughterSmeh)
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ne dotikaj se torte. Je res? (Smeh)
15:17
You find a way to be happyvesel with what's happenedse je zgodilo.
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Najdete način, da ste srečni.
15:21
Now what I want to showshow you is that
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Pokazati vam hočem, da
15:24
people don't know this about themselvessami,
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ljudje tega ne vedo o sebi
15:27
and not knowingvedeti this can work to our supremevrhovni disadvantagepomanjkljivost.
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in to neznanje nam lahko močno škoduje.
15:30
Here'sTukaj je an experimentposkus we did at HarvardHarvard.
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Tukaj je naš poizkus s Harvarda.
15:32
We createdustvarjeno a photographyfotografija courseseveda, a black-and-whitečrno in belo photographyfotografija courseseveda,
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Naredili smo fotografski tečaj, črno-beli fotografski tečaj,
15:35
and we alloweddovoljeno studentsštudenti to come in and learnučiti se how to use a darkroomtemnice.
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in študente smo učili dela v temnici.
15:39
So we gavedala them cameraskamere; they wentšla around campuskampus;
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Dali smo jim fotografske aparate, šli so naokoli,
15:41
they tookvzel 12 picturesslike of theirnjihovi favoritenajljubši professorsprofesorji and theirnjihovi dormdomu roomsoba and theirnjihovi dogpes,
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naredili so 12 slik svojih najljubših profesorjev, svoje sobe, svojega psa
15:46
and all the other things they wanted to have HarvardHarvard memoriesspomini of.
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in vseh ostalih harvardskih stvari, vrednih spomina.
15:48
They bringprinesi us the camerakamera; we make up a contactstik sheetlist;
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Nazaj so prinesli aparate, razvili smo negative,
15:51
they figureštevilka out whichki are the two bestnajboljši picturesslike;
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izbrali so dve najboljši sliki
15:53
and we now spendporabiti sixšest hoursure teachingpoučevanje them about darkroomsDarkrooms.
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in nato smo se 6 ur učili o temnicah,
15:55
And they blowudarec two of them up,
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sliki so razvili
15:57
and they have two gorgeouskrasen eight-by-osem-po-10 glossiesglossies of
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in dobili so dve čudoviti 8x10 podobi
15:59
meaningfulsmiselno things to them, and we say,
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pomembnih stvari. Nato smo rekli
16:01
"WhichKi one would you like to give up?"
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"Kateri se boste odrekli?"
16:04
They say, "I have to give one up?"
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"Eni se moram odreči?"
16:05
"Oh, yes. We need one as evidencedokazov of the classrazred projectprojekt.
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"Da. Eno potrebujemo kot dokaz projekta.
16:08
So you have to give me one. You have to make a choiceizbira.
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Eno mi torej morate dati. Morate se odločiti.
16:11
You get to keep one, and I get to keep one."
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Vi obdržite eno in jaz obdržim eno."
16:14
Now, there are two conditionspogoji in this experimentposkus.
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V poizkusu sta bila dva primera.
16:17
In one caseprimera, the studentsštudenti are told, "But you know,
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V enem primeru študentom povemo, "veste,
16:20
if you want to changesprememba your mindum, I'll always have the other one here,
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če si premislite, bom imel drugo sliko tukaj
16:23
and in the nextNaslednji fourštiri daysdnevi, before I actuallydejansko mailpošta it to headquarterssedež,
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in v naslednjih štirih dneh, preden jo pošljem v generalni štab,
16:27
I'll be gladveseli to" -- (LaughterSmeh) -- yeah, "headquarterssedež" --
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vam jo rade volje -- (Smeh)-- da, "generalni štab"--
16:30
"I'll be gladveseli to swapswap it out with you. In factdejstvo,
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"vam jo rade volje zamenjam. Celo
16:33
I'll come to your dormdomu roomsoba and give
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v vašo sobo bom prišel
16:34
-- just give me an emailE-naslov. Better yetše, I'll checkpreveri with you.
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-- kar dajte mi email. Bolje bo, če pri vas preverim.
16:37
You ever want to changesprememba your mindum, it's totallypopolnoma returnablevračljive."
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Če si kdaj premislite, lahko zamenjamo."
16:40
The other halfpol of the studentsštudenti are told exactlytočno the oppositenasprotno:
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Drugi polovici študentov povemo ravno obratno:
16:43
"Make your choiceizbira. And by the way,
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"Odločite se. Pozor,
16:45
the mailpošta is going out, goshpresneto, in two minutesminut, to EnglandAnglija.
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pošto moramo poslati v Anglijo že čez dve minuti.
16:48
Your pictureslika will be wingingwinging its way over the AtlanticAtlantika.
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Vaša slika bo letela preko Atlantika.
16:50
You will never see it again."
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Nikoli več je ne boste videli."
16:52
Now, halfpol of the studentsštudenti in eachvsak of these conditionspogoji
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Polovico študentov v obeh primerih
16:55
are askedvprašal to make predictionsnapovedi about how much
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prosimo, naj napovedo, kako
16:57
they're going to come to like the pictureslika that they keep
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všeč jim bo postala slika, ki jo bodo obdržali,
17:00
and the pictureslika they leavedopust behindzadaj.
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in slika, ki jo bodo pustili.
17:02
Other studentsštudenti are just sentposlano back to theirnjihovi little dormdomu roomssobe
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Drugi študentje gredo nazaj v svoje študentske sobe
17:05
and they are measuredmerjeno over the nextNaslednji threetri to sixšest daysdnevi
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in v naslednjih treh do šestih dneh naredimo meritve
17:10
on theirnjihovi likingnaklonjenost, satisfactionzadovoljstvo with the picturesslike.
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glede zadovoljstva s slikami.
17:12
And look at what we find.
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Poglejte kaj smo ugotovili.
17:13
First of all, here'sTukaj je what studentsštudenti think is going to happense zgodi.
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Tukaj vidite kaj študentje mislijo, da se bo zgodilo.
17:16
They think they're going to maybe come to like the pictureslika they choseizbral
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Mislijo, da bodo verjetno vzljubili izbrano sliko
17:20
a little more than the one they left behindzadaj,
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malo bolj kot sliko, ki jo pustijo,
17:23
but these are not statisticallystatistično significantpomembno differencesrazlike.
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vendar to niso statistično pomembne razlike.
17:27
It's a very smallmajhna increaseporast, and it doesn't much matterzadevo
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Porast je majhna in ni zelo važno,
17:29
whetherali they were in the reversiblereverzibilen or irreversiblenepopravljive conditionstanje.
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ali so v povratnem ali nepovratnem pogoju.
17:32
Wrong-oNarobe-o. Badslabo simulatorssimulatorji. Because here'sTukaj je what's really happeningdogaja.
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Napačno. Slabi simulatorji. V resnici se zgodi sledeče.
17:37
BothOba right before the swapswap and fivepet daysdnevi laterpozneje,
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Tako ravno pred predajo in pet dni kasneje,
17:40
people who are stuckzaljubljen with that pictureslika,
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tisti, ki so obtičali s sliko,
17:42
who have no choiceizbira,
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ki nimajo izbire,
17:43
who can never changesprememba theirnjihovi mindum, like it a lot!
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ki si ne morejo premisliti, so z njo zadovoljni!
17:48
And people who are deliberatingrazpravljal -- "Should I returnvrnitev it?
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In ljudje, ki premišljujejo -- Naj jo vrnem?
17:51
Have I gottengotten the right one? Maybe this isn't the good one?
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Imam tisto pravo? Morda ta ni dobra?
17:53
Maybe I left the good one?" -- have killedubil themselvessami.
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Mogoče sem pustil dobro?" -- so se uničili.
17:55
They don't like theirnjihovi pictureslika, and in factdejstvo
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Slike ne marajo in v resnici
17:57
even after the opportunitypriložnost to swapswap has expiredpotekel,
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tudi, ko je priložnost za zamenjavo potekla,
17:59
they still don't like theirnjihovi pictureslika. Why?
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še vedno ne marajo slike. Zakaj?
18:05
Because the reversiblereverzibilen conditionstanje is not conduciveugodno
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Ker povratni pogoj ni ugoden
18:08
to the synthesissinteza of happinesssreča.
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za sintezo sreče.
18:10
So here'sTukaj je the finalkončno piecekos of this experimentposkus.
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Tukaj je zadnji del poizkusa.
18:13
We bringprinesi in a wholeceloto newnovo groupskupina of naivenaiven HarvardHarvard studentsštudenti
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Dobimo povsem novo skupino naivnih harvardskih študentov
18:17
and we say, "You know, we're doing a photographyfotografija courseseveda,
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in rečemo, "Veste, vodimo tečaj fotografije,
18:20
and we can do it one of two waysnačinov.
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lahko ga naredimo na dva načina.
18:22
We could do it so that when you take the two picturesslike,
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Lahko ga naredimo tako, da vzamete dve sliki
18:25
you'dTi bi have fourštiri daysdnevi to changesprememba your mindum,
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in imate nato štiri dni za premislek.
18:27
or we're doing anotherdrugo courseseveda where you take the two picturesslike
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Imamo pa tudi tečaj, v katerem vzamete dve sliki,
18:29
and you make up your mindum right away
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se takoj odločite
18:31
and you can never changesprememba it. WhichKi courseseveda would you like to be in?"
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in si ne morete več premisliti. Kam bi šli raje?
18:33
DuhDuh! 66 percentodstotkov of the studentsštudenti, two-thirdsdve tretjini,
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Jasno! 66 odstotkov študentov, dve tretjini,
18:38
preferraje to be in the courseseveda where they have the opportunitypriložnost to changesprememba theirnjihovi mindum.
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raje izbere tečaj kjer imajo možnost, da si premislijo.
18:42
Hellozdravo? 66 percentodstotkov of the studentsštudenti chooseizberite to be in the courseseveda in whichki they will
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Mislim! 66 odstotkov študentov se odloči za tečaj, v katerem bodo
18:46
ultimatelykončno be deeplygloboko dissatisfiednezadovoljni with the pictureslika.
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na koncu globoko nezadovoljni s sliko.
18:50
Because they do not know the conditionspogoji underSpodaj whichki syntheticsintetični happinesssreča growsraste.
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Ker ne poznajo pogojev, pod katerimi uspeva sintetizirana sreča.
18:56
The BardBard said everything bestnajboljši, of courseseveda, and he's makingizdelavo my pointtočka here
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Veliki pesnik je seveda vse povedal najbolje in tukaj podpira moje sporočilo
19:01
but he's makingizdelavo it hyperbolicallyhyperbolically:
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vendar pretirava:
19:04
"'Tis' Tis nothing good or badslab / But thinkingrazmišljanje makesnaredi it so."
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"Nič ni dobro ali slabo / to naredi razmišljanje."
19:07
It's nicelepo poetrypoezija, but that can't exactlytočno be right.
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Lepo se sliši, vendar ne more biti čisto res.
19:10
Is there really nothing good or badslab?
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Res nič ni dobro ali slabo?
19:13
Is it really the caseprimera that gallžolčnika bladdermehurja surgeryoperacija and a trippotovanje to ParisPariz
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Je res operacija žolčnika enaka izletu v Pariz?
19:16
are just the sameenako thing? That seemsZdi se like a one-questioneno vprašanje IQIQ testtest.
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Odgovor se zdi preveč očiten.
19:23
They can't be exactlytočno the sameenako.
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To ne more biti enako.
19:25
In more turgidčvrsti proseproza, but closerbližje to the truthresnica,
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V daljši prozi, ampak bližje resnici,
19:28
was the fatherOče of modernmoderno capitalismkapitalizem, AdamAdam SmithSmith, and he said this.
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je bil oče modernega kapitalizma, Adam Smith, ki je rekel sledeče.
19:31
This is worthvredno contemplatingrazmišljajo o:
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To je vredno razmisleka:
19:33
"The great sourcevir of bothoboje the miserybedo and disordersmotnje of humančlovek life
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"Velik del bridkosti in motenj v človeškem življenju
19:37
seemsZdi se to arisePojavi se from overratingoverrating the differenceRazlika
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verjetno izhaja iz precenjevanja razlik
19:40
betweenmed one permanentstalno situationsituacija and anotherdrugo ...
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med enim stalnim stanjem in drugim...
19:43
Some of these situationssituacije maylahko, no doubtdvom, deservezaslužiti to be preferredprednost to othersdrugi,
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Nekatera od teh stanj si seveda zaslužijo, da jih imamo raje od drugih,
19:48
but nonenič of them can deservezaslužiti to be pursuedzasledovali
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vendar si nobeno ne zasluži, da mu sledimo
19:54
with that passionatestrasten ardorvnemo whichki drivespogoni us to violatekršiti the rulespravila
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s tisto gorečo vnemo, ki nas sili, da kršimo pravila
19:58
eitherbodisi of prudenceprevidnosti or of justicepravičnost, or to corruptpokvarjen the futureprihodnost tranquilitymir of our mindsmisli,
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bodisi razumnosti bodisi pravičnosti, ali da si kvarimo spokojnost jutrišnjega dne
20:03
eitherbodisi by shamesram from the remembrancespomina of our ownlastno follynorost,
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zaradi sramu ob spominu na lastne norosti
20:07
or by remorsezaskrbljenost for the horrorgrozo of our ownlastno injusticenepravičnost."
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ali s kesanjem zaradi ostudnosti lastne nepravičnosti."
20:11
In other wordsbesede: yes, some things are better than othersdrugi.
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Z drugimi besedami: nekatere stvari so boljše od drugih.
20:16
We should have preferencesnastavitve that leadsvinec us into one futureprihodnost over anotherdrugo.
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Moramo imeti nagnjenost k eni prihodnosti napram drugi.
20:21
But when those preferencesnastavitve drivepogon us too hardtežko and too fasthitro
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Ko pa nas ta nagnjenja silijo v prehuda in prehitra dejanja
20:25
because we have overratedprecenjene the differenceRazlika betweenmed these futuresterminske pogodbe,
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zato, ker smo precenili razliko med tema prihodnostima,
20:29
we are at risktveganje.
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takrat tvegamo.
20:32
When our ambitionambicije is boundedomejene, it leadsvodi us to work joyfullyz veseljem.
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Ko imajo naše želje meje, delamo z veseljem.
20:35
When our ambitionambicije is unboundedneomejeno, it leadsvodi us to lielaž, to cheatgoljufija, to stealukrasti, to hurtboli othersdrugi,
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Ko naše želje nimajo meja, takrat lažemo, varamo, krademo, prizadanemo druge
20:41
to sacrificežrtev things of realresnično valuevrednost. When our fearsstrahove are boundedomejene,
398
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in žrtvujemo prave vrednote. Ko imajo naši strahovi meje,
20:45
we're prudentpreudarno; we're cautiouspreviden; we're thoughtfulpremišljen.
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smo razumni, pazljivi in skrbni.
20:49
When our fearsstrahove are unboundedneomejeno and overblownOhol,
400
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Ko so naši strahovi brez meja in prenaphinjeni,
20:52
we're recklessnepremišljene, and we're cowardlystrahopetni.
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smo brezobzirni in strahopetni.
20:55
The lessonlekcijo I want to leavedopust you with from these datapodatkov
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Nauk teh raziskav, ki ga hočem prenesti,
20:58
is that our longingshrepenenja and our worriesskrbi are bothoboje to some degreestopnja overblownOhol,
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je, da so naše želje in skrbi nekoliko prenapihnjene,
21:03
because we have withinznotraj us the capacityzmogljivost to manufactureproizvodnjo the very commodityblago
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saj lahko v sebi ustvarimo ravno tisto
21:09
we are constantlynenehno chasingloviti when we chooseizberite experienceizkušnje.
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kar iščemo, ko se ženemo za doživetji.
21:13
Thank you.
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Hvala.
Translated by Matej Markota
Reviewed by Miha Pelko

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Gilbert - Psychologist; happiness expert
Harvard psychologist Dan Gilbert says our beliefs about what will make us happy are often wrong -- a premise he supports with intriguing research, and explains in his accessible and unexpectedly funny book, Stumbling on Happiness.

Why you should listen

Dan Gilbert believes that, in our ardent, lifelong pursuit of happiness, most of us have the wrong map. In the same way that optical illusions fool our eyes -- and fool everyone's eyes in the same way -- Gilbert argues that our brains systematically misjudge what will make us happy. And these quirks in our cognition make humans very poor predictors of our own bliss.

The premise of his current research -- that our assumptions about what will make us happy are often wrong -- is supported with clinical research drawn from psychology and neuroscience. But his delivery is what sets him apart. His engaging -- and often hilarious -- style pokes fun at typical human behavior and invokes pop-culture references everyone can relate to. This winning style translates also to Gilbert's writing, which is lucid, approachable and laugh-out-loud funny. The immensely readable Stumbling on Happiness, published in 2006, became a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 20 languages.

In fact, the title of his book could be drawn from his own life. At 19, he was a high school dropout with dreams of writing science fiction. When a creative writing class at his community college was full, he enrolled in the only available course: psychology. He found his passion there, earned a doctorate in social psychology in 1985 at Princeton, and has since won a Guggenheim Fellowship and the Phi Beta Kappa teaching prize for his work at Harvard. He has written essays and articles for The New York Times, Time and even Starbucks, while continuing his research into happiness at his Hedonic Psychology Laboratory.

More profile about the speaker
Dan Gilbert | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

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