ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Gilbert - Psychologist; happiness expert
Harvard psychologist Dan Gilbert says our beliefs about what will make us happy are often wrong -- a premise he supports with intriguing research, and explains in his accessible and unexpectedly funny book, Stumbling on Happiness.

Why you should listen

Dan Gilbert believes that, in our ardent, lifelong pursuit of happiness, most of us have the wrong map. In the same way that optical illusions fool our eyes -- and fool everyone's eyes in the same way -- Gilbert argues that our brains systematically misjudge what will make us happy. And these quirks in our cognition make humans very poor predictors of our own bliss.

The premise of his current research -- that our assumptions about what will make us happy are often wrong -- is supported with clinical research drawn from psychology and neuroscience. But his delivery is what sets him apart. His engaging -- and often hilarious -- style pokes fun at typical human behavior and invokes pop-culture references everyone can relate to. This winning style translates also to Gilbert's writing, which is lucid, approachable and laugh-out-loud funny. The immensely readable Stumbling on Happiness, published in 2006, became a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 20 languages.

In fact, the title of his book could be drawn from his own life. At 19, he was a high school dropout with dreams of writing science fiction. When a creative writing class at his community college was full, he enrolled in the only available course: psychology. He found his passion there, earned a doctorate in social psychology in 1985 at Princeton, and has since won a Guggenheim Fellowship and the Phi Beta Kappa teaching prize for his work at Harvard. He has written essays and articles for The New York Times, Time and even Starbucks, while continuing his research into happiness at his Hedonic Psychology Laboratory.

More profile about the speaker
Dan Gilbert | Speaker | TED.com
TED2004

Dan Gilbert: The surprising science of happiness

Dan Gilbert pyet, Pse jemi te lumtur?

Filmed:
18,394,509 views

Dan Gilbert, autori i librit Te Gjesh Lumturine "Pa Dashje", kundershton idene se lumturia qendron ne arritjen e asaj cka deshirojme. "Sistemi yne imuno-psiqik" na mundeson te jemi vertet te lumtur edhe kur gjerat nuk shkojne sic i kishim parashikuar.
- Psychologist; happiness expert
Harvard psychologist Dan Gilbert says our beliefs about what will make us happy are often wrong -- a premise he supports with intriguing research, and explains in his accessible and unexpectedly funny book, Stumbling on Happiness. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
When you have 21 minutes to speak,
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Kur ke vetem 21 minuta per te folur
00:17
two million years seems like a really long time.
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2 milion vjet te duket nje kohe shume e gjate
00:20
But evolutionarily, two million years is nothing.
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Por ne kontekstin e evolucionit, 2 milion vjet nuk jane asgje
00:23
And yet in two million years the human brain has nearly tripled in mass,
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dhe megjithate ne 2 milion vjet, masa e trurit njerezor eshte pothuaj trefishuar
00:29
going from the one-and-a-quarter pound brain of our ancestor here, Habilis,
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nga truri 568 grame i paraardhesit tone ketu, Habilis,
00:32
to the almost three-pound meatloaf that everybody here has between their ears.
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tek qoftja pothuaj 1.37 kilograme qe secili prej nesh ka mes vesheve.
00:38
What is it about a big brain that nature was so eager for every one of us to have one?
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Pse kishte natyra valle kaq vrull per te na dhene nje tru kaq te madh?
00:45
Well, it turns out when brains triple in size,
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Me sa duket kur truri trefishohet
00:48
they don't just get three times bigger; they gain new structures.
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nuk rritet vetem ne mase, por ne te krijohen struktura te reja
00:52
And one of the main reasons our brain got so big is because it got a new part,
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Nje nga arsyet e rritjes se trurit tone, eshte pajisja e tij me nje pjese te re
00:56
called the "frontal lobe." And particularly, a part called the "pre-frontal cortex."
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-lobin frontal. Rendesi te vecante pati sidomos pjesa e korteksit parafrontal.
01:00
Now what does a pre-frontal cortex do for you that should justify
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Cfare roli te rendesishem paska korteksi parafrontal qe solli
01:04
the entire architectural overhaul of the human skull in the blink of evolutionary time?
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ristrukturimin e plote te kafkes ne nje kohe rekord?
01:09
Well, it turns out the pre-frontal cortex does lots of things,
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Ne te vertete korteksi parafrontal ka shume funksione
01:12
but one of the most important things it does
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por nje nga me te rendesishmit eshte se
01:14
is it is an experience simulator.
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sherben si simulues pervoje.
01:18
Flight pilots practice in flight simulators
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Pilotet perdorin fluturim te simuluar
01:22
so that they don't make real mistakes in planes.
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per te mos bere gabime me vone gjate fluturimit me aeroplane.
01:24
Human beings have this marvelous adaptation
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Njerezit kane nje veti te mrekullueshme
01:27
that they can actually have experiences in their heads
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ata mund te kene nje sere pervojash ne mendje
01:31
before they try them out in real life.
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para se ti praktikojne ato ne jeten e perditshme.
01:33
This is a trick that none of our ancestors could do,
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Ky eshte nje marifet qe asnje nga paraardhesit tane nuk e bente dot,
01:36
and that no other animal can do quite like we can. It's a marvelous adaptation.
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qe asnje kafshe tjeter nuk mund ta beje ashtu sic mundemi ne. Eshte nje pershtatje e mrekullueshme.
01:41
It's up there with opposable thumbs and standing upright and language
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Po ashtu si gishti i madh i dores, gjuha, qendrimi drejt
01:45
as one of the things that got our species out of the trees
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Eshte nje nga gjerat qe e sollen specien tone nga
01:48
and into the shopping mall.
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maja e pemes drejt e ne mapo.
01:50
Now -- (Laughter) -- all of you have done this.
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(Qeshje) - te gjithe ju e beni apo
01:53
I mean, you know,
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e dini se per cfare po flas
01:54
Ben and Jerry's doesn't have liver-and-onion ice cream,
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Ben e Jerry nuk kane kane akullore me shije melcije dhe qepesh
01:58
and it's not because they whipped some up, tried it and went, "Yuck."
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jo sepse provuan ta gatuajne dhe ju duk e shpifur
02:01
It's because, without leaving your armchair,
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por sepse, pa u ngritur fare nga kolltuku,
02:04
you can simulate that flavor and say "yuck" before you make it.
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mund "ta provosh" ne koke shijen, dhe ta shohesh qe s'ben.
02:08
Let's see how your experience simulators are working.
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Le te shohim per nje moment se si funksionon simulatoret e eksperiencave tuaja.
02:13
Let's just run a quick diagnostic
before I proceed with the rest of the talk.
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Le te bejme nje prove te vogel para se te vazhdoj me ligjeraten time.
02:17
Here's two different futures that I invite you to contemplate,
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Une po u kerkoj te mendoni per dy te ardhme te ndryshme,
02:21
and you can try to simulate them and tell me which one you think you might prefer.
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mundohuni te simuloni ne koke skenaret dhe te me thoni ke preferoni.
02:25
One of them is winning the lottery. This is about 314 million dollars.
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Ne njerin prej tyre fitoni llotarine, rreth 314 milione dollare.
02:30
And the other is becoming paraplegic.
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Ne tjetrin jeni i paralizuar nga mesi e poshte.
02:33
So, just give it a moment of thought.
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Mendoni per nje moment.
02:36
You probably don't feel like you need a moment of thought.
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Nuk besoj se do u duhej shume kohe per ta vrare mendjen.
02:39
Interestingly, there are data on these two groups of people,
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Ne fakt, ekzistojne te dhena mbi keto dy grupe njerezish,
02:43
data on how happy they are.
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Te dhena mbi sa te lumtur ndjehen ata.
02:45
And this is exactly what you expected, isn't it?
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Dhe kjo eshte tamam ajo qe prisnit apo jo?
02:48
But these aren't the data. I made these up!
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Faktet tregojne dicka tjeter. Keto i sajova vete!
02:51
These are the data. You failed the pop quiz, and you're hardly five minutes into the lecture.
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Keto jane te dhenat.Nuk e kaluat testin e pare rrufe qe ne pese minutat e para te leksionit.
02:56
Because the fact is that a year after losing the use of their legs,
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Fakti qendron qe nje vit pas paralizimit,
03:00
and a year after winning the lotto, lottery winners and paraplegics
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apo pas fitimit te llotarise, fituesit e llotarise dhe te paralizuarit
03:05
are equally happy with their lives.
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jane njesoj te lumtur me jeten e tyre.
03:07
Now, don't feel too bad about failing the first pop quiz,
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Mos u ndjeni keq qe nuk e kaluat testin e pare rrufe,
03:10
because everybody fails all of the pop quizzes all of the time.
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Se te gjithe deshtojne ne testet rrufe tere kohes.
03:13
The research that my laboratory has been doing,
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Puna kerkimore ne laboratorin tim,
03:16
that economists and psychologists around the country have been doing,
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po dhe ajo e ekonomisteve dhe psikologeve ne te gjithe vendin,
03:19
have revealed something really quite startling to us,
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na ka cuar ne zbulimin e nje gjeje te mahnitshme.
03:22
something we call the "impact bias,"
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ne zbulimin e efektit te paragjykimit
03:25
which is the tendency for the simulator to work badly.
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qe eshte ne fakt tendenca e pajisjes simuluese per te keqfunksionuar.
03:28
For the simulator to make you believe that different outcomes
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Per te na bere te besojme qe rezultate te ndryshme
03:32
are more different than in fact they really are.
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jane me te ndryshme nga njera tjetra se sa ne realitet.
03:35
From field studies to laboratory studies,
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Nga studime ne laborator apo ne praktike,
03:37
we see that winning or losing an election, gaining or losing a romantic partner,
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veme re se te fitosh apo te humbesh zgjedhjet apo nje te dashur,
03:41
getting or not getting a promotion, passing or not passing a college test,
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te ngrihesh apo jo ne pergjegjesi, te kalosh apo jo nje provim,
03:46
on and on, have far less impact, less intensity and much less duration
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etj etj jane ngjarje shume me pak jetegjata apo vendimtare
03:51
than people expect them to have.
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sesa ne i presim ato te jene.
03:54
In fact, a recent study -- this almost floors me --
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Ne fakt, nje studim i koheve te fundit arriti ne perfundimin qe per mua eshte shokues
03:57
a recent study showing how major life traumas affect people
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se disa nga traumat me te medha jetesore ndikojne mbi njerezit vetem
04:02
suggests that if it happened over three months ago,
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ne 3 muajt pasardhes dhe,
04:05
with only a few exceptions,
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me ca perjashtime te rralla,
04:06
it has no impact whatsoever on your happiness.
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nuk ndikojne fare ne lumturine tuaj.
04:09
Why?
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Pse?
04:12
Because happiness can be synthesized.
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Sepse lumturia mund te sintetizohet.
04:16
Sir Thomas Brown wrote in 1642, "I am the happiest man alive.
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Sir Thomas Brown shkruan ne 1642, "Jam njeriu me i lumtur nder te gjallet.
04:20
I have that in me that can convert poverty to riches, adversity to prosperity.
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Kam brenda meje ate cka me ndihmon te kthej varferine ne pasuri, fatkeqesine ne mbaresi
04:26
I am more invulnerable than Achilles; fortune hath not one place to hit me."
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Jam me i pathyeshem se Akili; fati nuk ka nje vend ku mund te me demtoje."
04:30
What kind of remarkable machinery does this guy have in his head?
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C'pajisje te mahnitshme ka ky njeri ne koken e tij?
04:34
Well, it turns out it's precisely the same remarkable machinery that all off us have.
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Po te njejten qe kemi te gjithe ne te tjeret.
04:39
Human beings have something that we might think of as a "psychological immune system."
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Qeniet njerezore kane nje sistem qe ne e quajme imuno-psiqik.
04:45
A system of cognitive processes, largely non-conscious cognitive processes,
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Nje sistem procesesh njohese, kryesisht te pandergjegjshme,
04:50
that help them change their views of the world,
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qe e ndihmojne ate te ndryshoje pikepamjet mbi boten,
04:54
so that they can feel better about the worlds in which they find themselves.
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ne menyre qe te ndihen me mire mbi ambjentin qe i rrethon.
04:58
Like Sir Thomas, you have this machine.
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Edhe ju si Sir Thomas keni po te njejten pajisje.
05:00
Unlike Sir Thomas, you seem not to know it. (Laughter)
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por ndryshe nga Sir Thomas, ju nuk jeni ne dijeni qe e keni.
05:04
We synthesize happiness, but we think happiness is a thing to be found.
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Ne e "sintetizojme" lumturine, por mendojme se ajo eshte dicka qe duhet gjetur.
05:10
Now, you don't need me to give you too many examples of people synthesizing happiness,
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Besoj, se nuk keni nevoje per shembuj te "sintetizimit" te lumturise.
05:15
I suspect. Though I'm going to show you some experimental evidence,
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Megjithate do t'ju jap ca fakte nga disa eksperimente.
05:18
you don't have to look very far for evidence.
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Nuk do u duhet te kerkoni shume per te gjetur shembuj.
05:21
As a challenge to myself, since I say this once in a while in lectures,
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Si nje prove per veten, me qe e perdor kete disa here ne leksionet qe jap,
05:24
I took a copy of the New York Times and tried to find some instances of people synthesizing happiness.
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kam marre me vete nje kopje te New York Times per te gjetur disa shembuj te "sintetizimit" te lumturise
05:28
And here are three guys synthesizing happiness.
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Ja ku jane tre burra qe e bejne kete.
05:30
"I am so much better off physically, financially, emotionally, mentally
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"Une ndjehem me mire fizikisht, financiarisht, emocionalisht dhe menderisht
05:33
and almost every other way." "I don't have one minute's regret.
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dhe pothuaj ne cdo aspekt tjeter." "Nuk kam as keqardhjen me te vogel.
05:37
It was a glorious experience." "I believe it turned out for the best."
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Ishte nje eksperience e lavdishme." "Mendoj se doli keshtu per me mire"
05:40
Who are these characters who are so damn happy?
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Kush dreqin na qenkan keto personazhe kaq te lumtura?
05:42
Well, the first one is Jim Wright.
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I pari eshte Jim Wright.
05:44
Some of you are old enough to remember: he was the chairman of the House of Representatives
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Disa nga ju ndoshta e mbajne mend akoma: ai ishte kryetari i dhomes se perfaqesuesve
05:48
and he resigned in disgrace when this young Republican named Newt Gingrich
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qe dha doreheqjen kur nje republikan i ri i quajtur Newt Gingrich
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found out about a shady book deal he had done.
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zbuloi disa parregullsira ne lidhje me nje liber te tij
05:55
He lost everything. The most powerful Democrat in the country,
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Ai humbi cdo gje. Demokrati me i fuqishem ne vend,
05:57
he lost everything.
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humbi cdo gje.
05:58
He lost his money; he lost his power.
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Humbi parate, pushtetin.
06:01
What does he have to say all these years later about it?
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C'thote ai pas gjithe ketyre viteve mbi kete ngjarje?
06:03
"I am so much better off physically, financially, mentally
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"Une ndjehem me mire fizikisht, financiarisht, emocionalisht dhe menderisht
06:06
and in almost every other way."
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dhe pothuaj ne cdo aspekt tjeter."
06:08
What other way would there be to be better off?
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Cfare aspekti tjeter ka lene jashte?
06:10
Vegetably? Minerally? Animally? He's pretty much covered them there.
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Aspektin perimor, mineral apo shtazor? Ai i ka mbuluar te tera.
06:14
Moreese Bickham is somebody you've never heard of.
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Moreese Bickhamit mund te mos ia keni degjuar emrin.
06:16
Moreese Bickham uttered these words upon being released.
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Ai u shpreh keshtu pasi u lirua nga burgu.
06:20
He was 78 years old. He spent 37 years
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Ishte 78 vjet dhe kish qene 37 vjet ne burgun
e Luizianes per nje krim qe nuk e kish kryer ai.
06:22
in a Louisiana State Penitentiary
for a crime he didn't commit.
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Me ne fund u deklarua i pafajshem,
06:25
[He was ultimately
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06:27
released for good behavior
halfway through his sentence.]
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ne moshen 78 vjecare ne saje te proves se ADN-se.
06:30
And what did he have to say about his experience?
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Si e komentoi ai pervojen e tij?
06:32
"I don't have one minute's regret. It was a glorious experience."
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"Nuk kam as keqardhjen me te vogel. Ishte nje eksperience e lavdishme."
06:34
Glorious! This guy is not saying,
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E lavdishme! Ai nuk po thote:
06:36
"Well, you know, there were some nice guys. They had a gym."
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"Epo kishte dhe atje ca djem te mire. Kishte dhe nje palester."
06:38
It's "glorious,"
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Ishte "e lavdishme,"
06:39
a word we usually reserve for something like a religious experience.
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nje fjale qe ne e perdorim per nje ekperience thuaj mistike.
06:43
Harry S. Langerman uttered these words, and he's somebody you might have known
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Harry S. Langerman, kete ndoshta mund ta njihni, i shqiptoi keto fjale
06:47
but didn't, because in 1949 he read a little article in the paper
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teksa lexoi ne 1949 nje artikull te shkurter ne gazete
06:50
about a hamburger stand owned by these two brothers named McDonalds.
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mbi nje kioske te vogel hamburgerash te dy vllezerve te quajtur McDonalds.
06:54
And he thought, "That's a really neat idea!"
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Dhe ai mendoi, "Kjo eshte vertete nje ide e lezetshme!"
06:56
So he went to find them. They said,
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Ai shkoi ti gjente ata. Ata i thane:
06:58
"We can give you a franchise on this for 3,000 bucks."
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"Ta japim ekskluzivitetin per 3,000 dollare."
07:00
Harry went back to New York, asked his brother who's an investment banker
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Harry u kthye ne New York, dhe i kerkoi vellait te tij, nje bankieri
07:04
to loan him the 3,000 dollars,
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ti jepte nje kredi prej 3,000 dollaresh.
07:05
and his brother's immortal words were,
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Fjalet e pavdekshme te vellait te tij ishin:
07:07
"You idiot, nobody eats hamburgers."
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"Ti je idiot. E kush ha hamburgera?!"
07:08
He wouldn't lend him the money, and of course six months later
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Nuk i dha borxh te vellait, dhe sic dihet 6 muaj me vone
07:11
Ray Croc had exactly the same idea.
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Ray Croc pati tamam te njejten ide.
07:13
It turns out people do eat hamburgers,
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Njerezit sic duket hengerkan hamburgera,
07:15
and Ray Croc, for a while, became the richest man in America.
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dhe Ray Croc, per ca kohe, ishte njeriu me i pasur ne Amerike.
07:20
And then finally -- you know, the best of all possible worlds --
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Dhe ne fund - me e bukura!
07:22
some of you recognize this young photo of Pete Best,
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Disa nga ju ndoshta e njohin kete foto te hershme te Pete Best,
07:27
who was the original drummer for the Beatles,
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bateristit fillestar te Beatles,
07:29
until they, you know, sent him out on an errand and snuck away
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deri ne mometin kur ata sic e dini e "hoqen qafe"
07:32
and picked up Ringo on a tour.
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dhe moren fshehurazi tij Ringon ne nje tur.
07:35
Well, in 1994, when Pete Best was interviewed
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Ne 1994 kur i bene nje interviste, Pete Best,
07:37
-- yes, he's still a drummer; yes, he's a studio musician --
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qe ende eshte muzikant dhe baterist
07:40
he had this to say: "I'm happier than I would have been with the Beatles."
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kish vetem kaq per te thene: " Jam me i lumtur sesa po te isha me Beatles."
07:43
Okay. There's something important to be learned from these people,
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Mire atehere. Kemi nje gje te rendesishme per te mesuar nga keta njerez -
07:46
and it is the secret of happiness.
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sekretin e lumturise.
07:48
Here it is, finally to be revealed.
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Ja pra tek eshte.
07:50
First: accrue wealth, power, and prestige,
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Fillimisht: grumbullo pasuri, pushtet dhe prestigj,
07:53
then lose it. (Laughter)
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dhe pastaj humbi te gjitha. (Qeshje)
07:56
Second: spend as much of your life in prison as you possibly can.
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Se dyti: kalo sa me shume kohe te jete e mundur ne burg.
07:59
(Laughter) Third: make somebody else really, really rich. (Laughter)
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(Qeshje). Se treti: ndihmo dike tjeter te behet shume shume i pasur. (Qeshje)
08:04
And finally: never ever join the Beatles. (Laughter)
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dhe se fundi: mos u be kurre pjese e Beatles. (Qeshje)
08:08
OK. Now I, like Ze Frank, can predict your next thought,
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Tani, ashtu si dhe Ze Frank, une mund te parashikoj ate qe po mendoni
08:13
which is, "Yeah, right." Because when
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"Posi posi!" Ne momentin kur njerezit
08:15
people synthesize happiness, as these gentlemen seem to have done,
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"sintetizojne" lumturine, ashtu sic kane bere dhe keta zoterinjte,
08:19
we all smile at them, but we kind of roll our eyes and say,
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te gjithe buzeqeshim, rrotullojme syte me dyshim dhe themi:
08:23
"Yeah right, you never really wanted the job."
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"Posi, ty as nuk te pelqente ajo lloj pune."
08:26
"Oh yeah, right. You really didn't
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"Posi. Ti nuk kishe aq gjera
08:27
have that much in common with her,
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te perbashketa me te,
08:30
and you figured that out just about the time
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dhe e kuptove tamam ne kohen
08:32
she threw the engagement ring in your face."
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kur ajo te hodhi syve unazen e fejeses."
08:34
We smirk because we believe that synthetic happiness
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Ne qeshim plot ironi sepse besojme se lumturia e "sintetizuar"
08:38
is not of the same quality as what we might call "natural happiness."
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nuk eshte njesoj si ajo qe ne quajme lumturi e natyrshme.
08:41
What are these terms?
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Cila eshte domethenia e ketyre koncepteve?
08:42
Natural happiness is what we get when we get what we wanted,
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Lumturia e natyrshme eshte kur marrim ate cka duam,
08:46
and synthetic happiness is what we make when we don't get what we wanted.
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ndersa "sintetikja" eshte ajo qe perjetojme kur nuk marrim ate qe duam.
08:51
And in our society, we have a strong belief
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Ne shoqerine tone besojme se,
08:54
that synthetic happiness is of an inferior kind.
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lumturia e "sintetizuar" eshte me inferiore.
08:57
Why do we have that belief?
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Pse mendojme keshtu?
08:59
Well, it's very simple. What kind of economic engine
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Eshte shume e thjeshte. Cfare lloj ekonomie do te vazhdonte
09:03
would keep churning
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te zhvillohej nese
09:04
if we believed that not getting what we want could make us just as happy as getting it?
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ne do te besonim qe edhe sikur te mos merrnim cfare donim do ishim po aq te lumtur sa ne te kunderten?
09:10
With all apologies to my friend Matthieu Ricard,
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Duke i kerkuar te falur shokut time Matthieu Ricard,
09:14
a shopping mall full of Zen monks
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them se nje mapo plot me murgj budiste,
09:16
is not going to be particularly profitable
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nuk do kishte aq fitim,
09:18
because they don't want stuff enough.
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sepse ata nuk do deshironin shume gjera.
09:22
I want to suggest to you that synthetic happiness
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Une dua tu propozoj tezen qe lumturia "sintetike" eshte
09:25
is every bit as real and enduring
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po aq e vertete e jetegjate
09:28
as the kind of happiness you stumble upon
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sa lumturia qe takoni rastesisht
09:31
when you get exactly what you were aiming for.
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kur gjeni tamam ate qe kerkonit.
09:34
Now, I'm a scientist, so I'm going to do this not with rhetoric,
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Une jam shkencetar dhe nuk do te perdor retoriken,
09:35
but by marinating you in a little bit of data.
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por do ju paraqis ca te dhena per t'ju bindur.
09:38
Let me first show you an experimental paradigm that is used
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Do ju tregoj fillimisht te dhenat e nje modeli eksperimenti qe perdoret
09:40
to demonstrate the synthesis of happiness
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per te treguar "sintezen" e lumturise
09:44
among regular old folks. And this isn't mine.
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mes njerezve normale. Kete model nuk e kam krijuar une.
09:46
This is a 50-year-old paradigm called the "free choice paradigm."
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Eshte nje paradigme 50-vjecare dhe quhet paradigma e zgjedhjes se lire.
09:49
It's very simple.
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Eshte shume i thjeshte.
09:51
You bring in, say, six objects,
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Merrni per shembull 6 objekte
09:54
and you ask a subject to rank them from the most to the least liked.
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dhe kerkojini dikujt ti radhise ato sipas preferences.
09:56
In this case, because the experiment I'm going to tell you about uses them,
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Ne kete rast eskperimenti bazohet ne radhitjen e
09:59
these are Monet prints.
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6 posterave te pikturave te Monese.
10:01
So, everybody can rank these Monet prints
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Secili mund te radhise posterat e Monese,
10:03
from the one they like the most, to the one they like the least.
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ne baze te preferences.
10:05
Now we give you a choice:
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Tani u japim nje zgjedhje:
10:07
"We happen to have some extra prints in the closet.
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"Ne kemi disa postera shtese ne dollap.
10:10
We're going to give you one as your prize to take home.
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Do ju japim nje si cmim dhe mund ta merrni me vete ne shtepi.
10:12
We happen to have number three and number four,"
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Por kemi vetem posterat 3 dhe 4,"
10:15
we tell the subject. This is a bit of a difficult choice,
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i themi pjesemarresit ne eksperiment. Kjo zgjedhje eshte paska e veshtire
10:18
because neither one is preferred strongly to the other,
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sepse asnje nga dy posterat nuk eshte nder me te preferuarit,
10:21
but naturally, people tend to pick number three
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por ne menyre te natyrshme, njerezit zgjedhin 3shin
10:24
because they liked it a little better than number four.
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sepse u pelqente pak me shume se 4a.
10:27
Sometime later -- it could be 15 minutes; it could be 15 days --
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Ca kohe me vone - te themi pas 15 minutash apo ditesh -
10:30
the same stimuli are put before the subject,
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i paraqisim subjekteve te njejtet poster
10:33
and the subject is asked to re-rank the stimuli.
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dhe i kerkojme atyre ti radhisin perseri
10:35
"Tell us how much you like them now."
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"Na thoni se cilat jane preferencat tuaja."
10:37
What happens? Watch as happiness is synthesized.
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Cfare ndodh? Vereni se si "sintetizohet" lumturia.
10:40
This is the result that has been replicated over and over again.
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Rezultati i meposhtem eshte dicka qe perseritet cdo here.
10:44
You're watching happiness be synthesized.
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Tani do shihni se si "sintetizohet" lumturia.
10:45
Would you like to see it again? Happiness!
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A doni ta shihni perseri? Lumturi!
10:50
"The one I got is really better than I thought!
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"Ajo poster qe mora une eshte me e mire sec mendoja!
10:52
That other one I didn't get sucks!"
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Tjetra eshte kot fare!"
10:54
(Laughter) That's the synthesis of happiness.
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(Qeshje) Kjo eshte "sinteza" e lumturise.
10:56
Now what's the right response to that? "Yeah, right!"
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Cili do ishte reagimi juaj? "Posi posi!"
11:02
Now, here's the experiment we did,
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Tani te shohim eksperimentin qe beme,
11:05
and I would hope this is going to convince you that
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dhe shpresoj qe ky do t'ju binde qe
11:06
"Yeah, right!" was not the right response.
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"Posi posi!" nuk eshte pergjigjia e duhur.
11:09
We did this experiment with a group of patients
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Ne beme nje eksperiment me nje grup pacientesh
11:11
who had anterograde amnesia. These are hospitalized patients.
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qe kishin amnezi anterograde. Keta jane paciente te shtruar ne spital.
11:14
Most of them have Korsakoff's syndrome,
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Shumica e tyre kane sindromen e Korsakovit,
11:16
a polyneuritic psychosis that -- they drank way too much,
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nje psikoze polineurotike - kane pire shume alkol ne te shkuaren,
11:21
and they can't make new memories.
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dhe nuk mund te krijojne kujtese te re.
11:23
OK? They remember their childhood, but if you walk in and introduce yourself,
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Huh? Ata mbajne mend femijerine e tyre po nese i prezantohesh per here te pare,
11:27
and then leave the room,
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dhe pastaj largohesh,
11:28
when you come back, they don't know who you are.
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kur kthehesh perseri nuk te mbajne mend.
11:31
We took our Monet prints to the hospital.
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Sollem posterat e Monese ne spital.
11:34
And we asked these patients to rank them
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I kerkuam pacienteve ti radhisnin ato
11:38
from the one they liked the most to the one they liked the least.
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sipas preferences.
11:41
We then gave them the choice between number three and number four.
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U dhame atyre me pas zgjedhjen mes posterit 3 dhe 4
11:45
Like everybody else, they said,
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Po ashtu si ne rastin e subjekteve normale, ata thane,
11:47
"Gee, thanks Doc! That's great! I could use a new print.
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"Eh doktor! Fantastike! Do me pelqente te kisha nje poster.
11:49
I'll take number three."
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Po marr treshin."
11:51
We explained we would have number three mailed to them.
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I thame qe do ua postonim posterin tre.
11:55
We gathered up our materials and we went out of the room,
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I mblodhem materialet, dolem nga dhoma,
11:58
and counted to a half hour.
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dhe qendruam gjysem ore.
12:00
Back into the room, we say, "Hi, we're back."
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Hyme ne dhomes perseri dhe thame,"Ckemi, u kthyem."
12:03
The patients, bless them, say, "Ah, Doc, I'm sorry,
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Pacientet, sic pritej thane, "Ah, me vjen keq, doktor,
12:07
I've got a memory problem; that's why I'm here.
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une kam problem me kujtesen, prandaj jam ketu.
12:09
If I've met you before, I don't remember."
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Nese te kam takuar me pare, nuk e mbaj mend."
12:11
"Really, Jim, you don't remember? I was just here with the Monet prints?"
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"Vertet, Jim, nuk te kujtohet? Une sapo isha ketu me posterat e Monese."
12:14
"Sorry, Doc, I just don't have a clue."
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"Me vjen keq. Nuk e kam idene."
12:17
"No problem, Jim. All I want you to do is rank these for me
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"S'ka problem Jim. Ajo qe dua eshte te rradhitesh keto postera
12:20
from the one you like the most to the one you like the least."
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sipas preferences, nga ai qe te pelqen me shume tek ai me pak."
12:25
What do they do? Well, let's first check and make sure
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E c'bene ata? Ne fillim le te kontrollojme ne se jane vertet
12:27
they're really amnesiac. We ask these
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amneziake. I pyetem ata te na thoshin,
12:29
amnesiac patients to tell us which one they own,
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se cili prej posterave ishte i tyre,
12:33
which one they chose last time, which one is theirs.
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ke zgjodhen radhen e kaluar.
12:36
And what we find is amnesiac patients just guess.
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Ne vume re qe ata vetem hamendesojne.
12:40
These are normal controls, where if I did this with you,
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Ky eshte grupi i kontrollit, sepse nese e beja kete me ju,
12:42
all of you would know which print you chose.
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te gjithe do te dinit se ke poster zgjodhet.
12:44
But if I do this with amnesiac patients,
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Po me amneziaket eshte ndryshe,
12:46
they don't have a clue. They can't pick their print out of a lineup.
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ata nuk e kane idene. As foton e tyre nuk e dallojne dot.
12:52
Here's what normal controls do: they synthesize happiness.
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Grupi i kontrollit ben tamam "sintetizimin" e lumturise.
12:56
Right? This is the change in liking score,
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Vertet? Ky eshte ndryshimi ne preference
12:58
the change from the first time they ranked to the second time they ranked.
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nga hera e pare ne te dyten.
13:01
Normal controls show
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Grupi i kontrollit demonstron
13:02
-- that was the magic I showed you;
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- ate magjine qe une u tregova -
13:04
now I'm showing it to you in graphical form --
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tani po jua tregoj ne menyre me grafike -
13:07
"The one I own is better than I thought. The one I didn't own,
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"E imja eshte me mire sec mendova. Ajo qe nuk zgjodha
13:10
the one I left behind, is not as good as I thought."
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nuk eshte aq e mire sa mendoja."
13:13
Amnesiacs do exactly the same thing. Think about this result.
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Amneziaket bejne po te njejten gje. Mendoni per nje cast.
13:18
These people like better the one they own,
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Keta njerez preferojne ate qe cka zoterojne,
13:21
but they don't know they own it.
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paveresisht se nuk e dine qe eshte e tyrja.
13:25
"Yeah, right" is not the right response!
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"Posi, posi" nuk eshte pergjigjia e duhur!
13:29
What these people did when they synthesized happiness
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Teksa "sintetizuan" lumturine keta njerez,
13:32
is they really, truly changed
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ndryshuan realisht reagimet e tyre
13:35
their affective, hedonic, aesthetic reactions to that poster.
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reagimet e tyre emocionale, hedonike dhe estetike ndaj posterit.
13:40
They're not just saying it because they own it,
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Ata nuk po reagojne ashtu sepse e zoterojne gjene,
13:43
because they don't know they own it.
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sepse kete fakt nuk e dine.
13:47
Now, when psychologists show you bars,
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Kur psikologet u tregojne histograma,
13:50
you know that they are showing you averages of lots of people.
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e dini qe ata po u tregojne mesataren e disa njerezve.
13:53
And yet, all of us have this psychological immune system,
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e megjithate te gjithe ne e kemi kete sistem imuno-psiqik
13:57
this capacity to synthesize happiness,
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kapacitetin per te "sintetizuar" lumturine
13:59
but some of us do this trick better than others.
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por disa nga ne ia dalin me mire se te tjeret.
14:02
And some situations allow anybody to do it more effectively
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Disa situata na lejojne ta bejme kete me mire
14:06
than other situations do.
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sesa disa te tjera.
14:10
It turns out that freedom
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Me sa duket liria -
14:14
-- the ability to make up your mind and change your mind --
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pra aftesia per ta bere mendjen te nderroje mendje -
14:17
is the friend of natural happiness, because it allows you to choose
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eshte nje shok i mire i lumturise natyrore, sepse na lejon te zgjedhim
14:20
among all those delicious futures and find the one that you would most enjoy.
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mes disa skenareve te kendshem te se ardhmes ate me te pelqyeshmin.
14:25
But freedom to choose
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Por liria per te zgjedhur
14:27
-- to change and make up your mind -- is the enemy of synthetic happiness.
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per te ndryshuar apo ndare mendje - eshte armiku i lumturise "sintetike."
14:31
And I'm going to show you why.
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Tani do ju them pse.
14:33
Dilbert already knows, of course.
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Dilbert e di kete sigurisht.
14:34
You're reading the cartoon as I'm talking.
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Po e lexoni kete nderkohe qe une flas.
14:36
"Dogbert's tech support. How may I abuse you?"
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"Dogbert, asistenca teknike. Si mund t'ju abuzoj?"
14:38
"My printer prints a blank page after every document."
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"Printeri me nxjerr nje faqe te zeze pas cdo dokumenti qe printoj."
14:41
"Why would you complain about getting free paper?"
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"E pse ankohesh kur merr leter qyl?"
14:43
"Free? Aren't you just giving me my own paper?"
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"Qyl? A nuk po marr thjesht letren time?"
14:45
"Egad, man! Look at the quality of the free paper
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"Egad, te lutem! Shih pak cilesine e letres qyl
14:47
compared to your lousy regular paper!
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dhe krahasoje me letren normale qe eshte kot fare!
14:48
Only a fool or a liar would say that they look the same!"
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Vetem nje budalla apo genjeshtar do thoshte se jane njesoj!"
14:51
"Ah! Now that you mention it, it does seem a little silkier!"
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"Hm! Tani qe po ma thua, kjo sikur eshte ca si e mendafshte!"
14:54
"What are you doing?"
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"Cpo ben?"
14:56
"I'm helping people accept the things they cannot change." Indeed.
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"Po mundohem te ndihmoj njerezit te pranojne qe gjerat mund te ndryshojne" Tamam.
14:59
The psychological immune system works best
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Sistemi imuno-psiqik punon me mire
15:02
when we are totally stuck, when we are trapped.
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kur ne jemi te paralizuar, pa rrugedalje.
15:06
This is the difference between dating and marriage, right?
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Ky eshte dhe ndryshimi mes nje takimi dashurie dhe marteses. Apo jo?
15:08
I mean, you go out on a date with a guy,
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Dua te them kur del ne nje takim te pare dashurie,
15:10
and he picks his nose; you don't go out on another date.
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dhe djali kruan hundet; thjesht nuk e takon ate perseri.
15:12
You're married to a guy and he picks his nose?
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Nese je i martuar me nje djale qe krruan hunden?
15:14
Yeah, he has a heart of gold;
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Eh, po ai e ka zemren flori ama;
15:15
don't touch the fruitcake. Right? (Laughter)
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mos e prek kekun e frutave. Apo jo? (Qeshje)
15:17
You find a way to be happy with what's happened.
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E gjen nje menyre per tu kenaqur me cka ndodhur.
15:21
Now what I want to show you is that
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Ajo qe dua tu tregoj tani eshte se
15:24
people don't know this about themselves,
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njerezit nuk e dine kete cilesi te tyren,
15:27
and not knowing this can work to our supreme disadvantage.
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dhe kjo padituri mund te shkaktoje nje dizavantazh te madh.
15:30
Here's an experiment we did at Harvard.
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Ja nje eksperiment qe zhvilluam ne Harvard.
15:32
We created a photography course, a black-and-white photography course,
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Ofruam nje kurs fotografie bardh e zi,
15:35
and we allowed students to come in and learn how to use a darkroom.
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dhe i lejuam nxenesit te vinin dhe te mesonin si perdorej dhoma e erret.
15:39
So we gave them cameras; they went around campus;
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I dhame atyre aparate fotografike, ata u verdallosen neper kompleksin studentor,
15:41
they took 12 pictures of their favorite professors and their dorm room and their dog,
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bene 12 fotografi te profesoreve te preferuar, te dhomes se tyre, qenit,
15:46
and all the other things they wanted to have Harvard memories of.
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dhe te subjekteve te tjere qe donin ti ruanin ne kujtese,
15:48
They bring us the camera; we make up a contact sheet;
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Na sollen aparatet, beme nje printim te te gjithe negativeve
15:51
they figure out which are the two best pictures;
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per te pare se cilat ishin 2 fotot me te mira,
15:53
and we now spend six hours teaching them about darkrooms.
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dhe harxhuam rreth 6 ore per tu mesuar ne dhomen e erret,
15:55
And they blow two of them up,
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se si ti zmadhonin dy fotot,
15:57
and they have two gorgeous eight-by-10 glossies of
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Ata bene dy foto me shkelqim 8-me-10
15:59
meaningful things to them, and we say,
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te subjekteve te rendesishme per ta dhe ne u thame,
16:01
"Which one would you like to give up?"
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"Ke do na jepni ne?"
16:04
They say, "I have to give one up?"
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Ata pergjigjen, "Me duhet tu jap nje?"
16:05
"Oh, yes. We need one as evidence of the class project.
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"Po patjeter. Na duhet nje si prove per projektin ne klase."
16:08
So you have to give me one. You have to make a choice.
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Keshtu duhet te me japesh nje prej tyre. Zgjidh.
16:11
You get to keep one, and I get to keep one."
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Ti mban nje dhe une mbaj ate tjetren."
16:14
Now, there are two conditions in this experiment.
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Ne kete eksperiment pati dy grupe
16:17
In one case, the students are told, "But you know,
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Ne te parin, u thame studenteve:"Nese e nderron mendjen
16:20
if you want to change your mind, I'll always have the other one here,
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une e kam akoma foton tjeter
16:23
and in the next four days, before I actually mail it to headquarters,
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dhe brenda kater diteve, para se ta postoj per ne qender
16:27
I'll be glad to" -- (Laughter) -- yeah, "headquarters" --
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nuk do kisha problem" - (Qeshje) - po do postohej ne "qender"-
16:30
"I'll be glad to swap it out with you. In fact,
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ta nderroja me ty. Ne fakt
16:33
I'll come to your dorm room and give
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une mund te vij tek dhoma jote dhe te ta jap -
16:34
-- just give me an email. Better yet, I'll check with you.
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vetem me jep emailin. Ose me mire do vihem vete ne kontakt.
16:37
You ever want to change your mind, it's totally returnable."
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Nese e nderron mendjen, ska problem ta kthej."
16:40
The other half of the students are told exactly the opposite:
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Pjeses tjeter te studenteve u thame te kunderten:
16:43
"Make your choice. And by the way,
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"Vendosni tani.
16:45
the mail is going out, gosh, in two minutes, to England.
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Une do ta postoj foton, per...hm 2 minuta, per ne Angli.
16:48
Your picture will be winging its way over the Atlantic.
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Fotoja jote do fluturoje mbi Atlantik.
16:50
You will never see it again."
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Nuk do ta shohesh me ate."
16:52
Now, half of the students in each of these conditions
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Gjysmes se studenteve ne secilin nga 2 grupet
16:55
are asked to make predictions about how much
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i kerkuam te parashikoje se sa
16:57
they're going to come to like the picture that they keep
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shume do u pelqeje foto qe mbajne
17:00
and the picture they leave behind.
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dhe sa ajo qe na japin ne.
17:02
Other students are just sent back to their little dorm rooms
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Gjysmen tjeter e derguam neper dhomat e tyre
17:05
and they are measured over the next three to six days
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dhe per 3-6 diten ne vijim ne matem
17:10
on their liking, satisfaction with the pictures.
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preferencat, pelqimet dhe mospelqimet e tyre mbi fotot.
17:12
And look at what we find.
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Shihni se cilat jane rezultatet.
17:13
First of all, here's what students think is going to happen.
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Si fillim, te shohim se cfare parashikojne studentet.
17:16
They think they're going to maybe come to like the picture they chose
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Ata mendojne se do pelqejne pak me shume foton qe
17:20
a little more than the one they left behind,
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zgjedhin sesa ate qe lene por,
17:23
but these are not statistically significant differences.
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ndryshimet nuk do jene statistikisht te konsiderueshme.
17:27
It's a very small increase, and it doesn't much matter
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Ka nje rritje shume te vogel ne preference
17:29
whether they were in the reversible or irreversible condition.
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dhe nuk ka rendesi se ne cilin grup do jene nxenesit.
17:32
Wrong-o. Bad simulators. Because here's what's really happening.
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Gaabim! Simulimatore te keqinj. Kjo eshte ajo qe ndodhi ne te vertete.
17:37
Both right before the swap and five days later,
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Si para zgjedhjes ashtu dhe 5 dite me vone,
17:40
people who are stuck with that picture,
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studenteve qe "ju ngeci ne dore" fotoja,
17:42
who have no choice,
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ata qe nuk kishin zgjedhje,
17:43
who can never change their mind, like it a lot!
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ata qe nuk mund te nderronin mendjen, e pelqenin goxha foton e tyre!
17:48
And people who are deliberating -- "Should I return it?
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Ata qe po ngurronin - "A duhet ta nderroj?
17:51
Have I gotten the right one? Maybe this isn't the good one?
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A kam zgjedhur te duhuren? Ndoshta kjo nuk eshte foto e duhur?
17:53
Maybe I left the good one?" -- have killed themselves.
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Ndoshta lashe me te mire" - po torturoheshin.
17:55
They don't like their picture, and in fact
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Atyre nuk u pelqente me fotoja e tyre,
17:57
even after the opportunity to swap has expired,
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edhe pasi afati per ta nderruar ate skadoi,
17:59
they still don't like their picture. Why?
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gjendja nuk ndryshoi. Pse?
18:05
Because the reversible condition is not conducive
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Sepse mundesia e kthimit prapa nuk favorizon
18:08
to the synthesis of happiness.
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"sintetizimin" e lumturise.
18:10
So here's the final piece of this experiment.
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Tani po ju paraqes pjesen e fundit te eksperimentit.
18:13
We bring in a whole new group of naive Harvard students
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Sollem nje grup te ri me student naive te Harvardit
18:17
and we say, "You know, we're doing a photography course,
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dhe u thame atyre, "Ne kemi nje kurs fotografie,
18:20
and we can do it one of two ways.
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dhe mund ta organizojme ne nje nga dy menyrat.
18:22
We could do it so that when you take the two pictures,
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Ju mund te merrni dy fotot dhe
18:25
you'd have four days to change your mind,
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keni 4 dite per te ndryshuar mendjen,
18:27
or we're doing another course where you take the two pictures
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ne kursin tjeter zgjidhni dy foto
18:29
and you make up your mind right away
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menjehere dhe nuk keni
18:31
and you can never change it. Which course would you like to be in?"
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mundesine ta nderroni mendjen. Cilin kurs do zgjidhnit?
18:33
Duh! 66 percent of the students, two-thirds,
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"Ha! 66% e studenteve, 2/3
18:38
prefer to be in the course where they have the opportunity to change their mind.
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preferuan kursin ku kishin mundesi te nderronin mendje.
18:42
Hello? 66 percent of the students choose to be in the course in which they will
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Vini re 66% e studenteve zgjodhen kursin ne te cilin
18:46
ultimately be deeply dissatisfied with the picture.
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ata do perfundonin teper te pakenaqur me foton e tyre.
18:50
Because they do not know the conditions under which synthetic happiness grows.
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Kjo ndodhi sepse ata nuk i njohin kushtet si kultivohet lumturia sintetike.
18:56
The Bard said everything best, of course, and he's making my point here
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Poeti ka shpreshur cdo gje me mire,
19:01
but he's making it hyperbolically:
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kur edhe pse ne menyre hiperbolike thote:
19:04
"'Tis nothing good or bad / But thinking makes it so."
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"Ska asgje te mire apo te keqe/Mendimi e ben ate te tille."
19:07
It's nice poetry, but that can't exactly be right.
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Poezi e lezetshme, po nuk mund te jete tamam e sakte.
19:10
Is there really nothing good or bad?
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A eshte e vertete qe gjerat nuk jane as te mira as te keqija?
19:13
Is it really the case that gall bladder surgery and a trip to Paris
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A eshte e vertete qe nje operaction i temthit dhe nje udhetim ne Paris
19:16
are just the same thing? That seems like a one-question IQ test.
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jane njesoj? Ky duket si nje test IQ me nje pyetje.
19:23
They can't be exactly the same.
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Ato nuk mund te jene njesoj.
19:25
In more turgid prose, but closer to the truth,
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Ne nje stil prozaik pak me te fryre, po me afer te vertetes,
19:28
was the father of modern capitalism, Adam Smith, and he said this.
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Adam Smith, babai i kapitalizmit modern, u shpresh si me poshte.
19:31
This is worth contemplating:
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Ia vlen te ndalemi pak tek kjo thenie:
19:33
"The great source of both the misery and disorders of human life
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"Burimi i madh i fatkeqesive dhe kaosit ne jeten njerezore
19:37
seems to arise from overrating the difference
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duket se fshihet ne mbivleresimin e ndryshimit
19:40
between one permanent situation and another ...
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midis nje gjendjeje te perhershme dhe nje tjetre...
19:43
Some of these situations may, no doubt, deserve to be preferred to others,
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Disa nga keto gjendje, pa dyshim, meritojne te jene me te preferuara,
19:48
but none of them can deserve to be pursued
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po asnje nga ato nuk e meriton te deshirohet
19:54
with that passionate ardor which drives us to violate the rules
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me pasionin e shfrenuar qe na con drejt thyerjes se rregullave
19:58
either of prudence or of justice, or to corrupt the future tranquility of our minds,
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te maturise ose drejtesise, drejt shkaterrimit te paqes shpirterore,
20:03
either by shame from the remembrance of our own folly,
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si pasoje e turpit tek kujtojme budallallekun tone,
20:07
or by remorse for the horror of our own injustice."
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ose e pendimit per padrejtesine e tmerrshme qe kemi treguar.
20:11
In other words: yes, some things are better than others.
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E thene ndryshe: disa gjera jane me te mira se te tjerat.
20:16
We should have preferences that lead us into one future over another.
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Ne duhet te kemi preferenca e te zgjedhim nje te ardhme mbi tjetren.
20:21
But when those preferences drive us too hard and too fast
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Por kur keto preferenca na sforcojne shume
20:25
because we have overrated the difference between these futures,
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pikerisht sepse kemi mbivleresuar ndryshimin mes zgjedhjeve,
20:29
we are at risk.
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atehere jemi duke rrezikuar.
20:32
When our ambition is bounded, it leads us to work joyfully.
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Kur ambicia jone eshte e kufizuar, punojme te kenaqur.
20:35
When our ambition is unbounded, it leads us to lie, to cheat, to steal, to hurt others,
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Kur eshte e pakufizuar, genjejme, mashtrojme, vjedhim, lendojme te tjeret,
20:41
to sacrifice things of real value. When our fears are bounded,
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sakrifikojme vlera te verteta. Kur frika ka kufi,
20:45
we're prudent; we're cautious; we're thoughtful.
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ne jemi te kujdesshem e te matur.
20:49
When our fears are unbounded and overblown,
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Kur frikat tona jane te pakufishme dhe te ekzagjeruara,
20:52
we're reckless, and we're cowardly.
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jemi te shkujdesur dhe frikacake.
20:55
The lesson I want to leave you with from these data
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Mesimi qe une nxorra nga keto te dhena
20:58
is that our longings and our worries are both to some degree overblown,
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eshte se deshirat dhe shqetesimet tona jana disi te zmadhuara,
21:03
because we have within us the capacity to manufacture the very commodity
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sepse ne kemi aftesine te prodhojme pikerisht ate
21:09
we are constantly chasing when we choose experience.
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pas te ciles rendim kur zgjedhim te jetojme
21:13
Thank you.
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Faleminderit.
Translated by Jonada Rrapo
Reviewed by Elona Toska

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Gilbert - Psychologist; happiness expert
Harvard psychologist Dan Gilbert says our beliefs about what will make us happy are often wrong -- a premise he supports with intriguing research, and explains in his accessible and unexpectedly funny book, Stumbling on Happiness.

Why you should listen

Dan Gilbert believes that, in our ardent, lifelong pursuit of happiness, most of us have the wrong map. In the same way that optical illusions fool our eyes -- and fool everyone's eyes in the same way -- Gilbert argues that our brains systematically misjudge what will make us happy. And these quirks in our cognition make humans very poor predictors of our own bliss.

The premise of his current research -- that our assumptions about what will make us happy are often wrong -- is supported with clinical research drawn from psychology and neuroscience. But his delivery is what sets him apart. His engaging -- and often hilarious -- style pokes fun at typical human behavior and invokes pop-culture references everyone can relate to. This winning style translates also to Gilbert's writing, which is lucid, approachable and laugh-out-loud funny. The immensely readable Stumbling on Happiness, published in 2006, became a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 20 languages.

In fact, the title of his book could be drawn from his own life. At 19, he was a high school dropout with dreams of writing science fiction. When a creative writing class at his community college was full, he enrolled in the only available course: psychology. He found his passion there, earned a doctorate in social psychology in 1985 at Princeton, and has since won a Guggenheim Fellowship and the Phi Beta Kappa teaching prize for his work at Harvard. He has written essays and articles for The New York Times, Time and even Starbucks, while continuing his research into happiness at his Hedonic Psychology Laboratory.

More profile about the speaker
Dan Gilbert | Speaker | TED.com

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