TEDGlobal 2014
Pia Mancini: How to upgrade democracy for the Internet era
Pia Mancini: 網路時代提升民主之辦法
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Pia Mancini 和同事想提升阿根廷和海外國家的民主。透過自行研發的開放式手機平台，他們希望讓市民可以參與立法程序，推選出傾聽選民需求的候選人。
Pia Mancini - Democracy activist
Using software to inspire public debate and enable voter engagement, Pia Mancini hopes to upgrade modern democracy in Argentina and beyond. Full bio
Using software to inspire public debate and enable voter engagement, Pia Mancini hopes to upgrade modern democracy in Argentina and beyond. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I have the feeling that we can all agree
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我想我們都認同
00:15
that we're moving towards a new
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我們國家和社會的樣貌
00:18
model of the state and society.
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正不斷變新
00:20
But, we're absolutely clueless as to what this is
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但我們毫無頭緒 不知會變得怎樣
00:25
or what it should be.
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或者應該要變得怎樣
00:27
It seems like we need to have
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似乎在這個時代
00:29
a conversation about democracy
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我們需要一場
00:32
in our day and age.
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關於民主的對話
00:34
Let's think about it this way:
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讓我們這樣想:
00:36
We are 21st-century citizens, doing our
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我們是 21 世紀公民
嘗試和 19 世紀建立的體制互動
00:40
very, very best to interact with 19th century-designed
institutions
institutions
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00:47
that are based on an information technology of the 15th century.
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這體制以15 世紀資訊科技 為運作基礎
先來看一下
00:52
Let's have a look at some of the
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這個體制的特色
00:53
characteristics of this system.
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00:56
First of all, it's designed for an information technology
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首先 這體制是為了
五百多年前的
00:59
that's over 500 years old.
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資訊科技設計
01:02
And the best possible system
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而這體制設計的
01:05
that could be designed for it
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可能最棒的地方在於
01:06
is one where the few make daily decisions
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第一
少部分的人能夠
以大眾之名做日常決策
以大眾之名做日常決策
01:10
in the name of the many.
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01:12
And the many get to vote once every
couple of years.
couple of years.
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然後每隔幾年大家投一次票
第二 代價
01:17
In the second place, the costs of
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01:19
participating in this system are
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參與這體系的代價
01:21
incredibly high.
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非常高
01:22
You either have to have a fair
bit of money
bit of money
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你得要非常有錢
01:25
and influence, or you have to devote your entire
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和有影響力
或投入畢生參與政治
01:30
life to politics.
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01:31
You have to become a party member
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你需成為一個黨員
01:33
and slowly start working up the ranks
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慢慢提升黨內地位
01:37
until maybe, one day, you'll get
to sit at a table
to sit at a table
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直到或許某天 可以坐在桌邊
01:41
where a decision is being made.
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參與政治決議
01:43
And last but not least,
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最後也很重要的
01:45
the language of the system —
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這體制的語言
01:47
it's incredibly cryptic.
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非常隱晦
01:49
It's done for lawyers, by lawyers,
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由律師為了律師所定
01:52
and no one else can understand.
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其他人難以理解
01:55
So, it's a system where we can
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所以，在這體制下
01:58
choose our authorities,
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我們可決定民意代表
02:00
but we are completely left out on how
those authorities
those authorities
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但我們完全無法得知
他們如何做出決策
02:03
reach their decisions.
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02:06
So, in a day where a new information technology
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也許某天因新的科技資訊
02:10
allows us to participate globally
in any conversation,
in any conversation,
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我們可參與全球的任何一場對話
我們幾乎可以得知所有的資訊
02:16
our barriers of information are completely lowered
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02:19
and we can, more than ever before,
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也可比以前更積極
02:23
express our desires and our concerns.
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表達我們的需求和擔憂
02:26
Our political system remains the same
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我們的政治體系一成不變
02:29
for the past 200 years
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過去兩百年來皆如此
02:33
and expects us to be contented with being
simply passive recipients
simply passive recipients
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還期待我們被動地
聆聽單方政治決策
需求就可被滿足
02:38
of a monologue.
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02:40
So, it's really not surprising that
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所以一點也不意外
這樣的體系下
02:43
this kind of system is only able to produce
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只會產生兩種結果
02:46
two kinds of results:
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02:48
silence or noise.
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沉默 或 爭論
02:52
Silence, in terms of citizens not engaging,
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沉默表示市民置身事外
02:55
simply not wanting to participate.
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簡單來說就是不想參與政治議題
這是很普遍
02:58
There's this commonplace
[idea] that I truly, truly dislike,
[idea] that I truly, truly dislike,
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也是我很厭惡的想法
03:02
and it's this idea that we citizens are naturally
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也因此 我們對政治興致缺缺
03:06
apathetic. That we shun commitment.
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不願做任何承諾
03:09
But, can you really blame us
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但可以怪我們嗎？
03:10
for not jumping at the opportunity of going
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怪我們錯失機會
不願在工作日中跑到城市裡
03:13
to the middle of the city in the middle
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03:15
of a working day to attend, physically,
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實際參與一場
03:18
a public hearing that has no impact
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聽起來沒什麼影響的決策討論？
03:22
whatsoever?
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衝突是體系中無法避免的
03:24
Conflict is bound to happen between a system
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但不代表溝通終止
03:28
that no longer represents, nor has any dialogue capacity,
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越來越多的市民站出來
03:34
and citizens that are increasingly used
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03:37
to representing themselves.
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為自己發聲
03:40
And, then we find noise:
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這就是輿論
03:42
Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico
Italy, France, Spain, the United States,
Italy, France, Spain, the United States,
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智利 阿根廷 巴西 墨西哥
義大利 法國 西班牙 美國
都是民主國家
03:48
they're all democracies.
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03:50
Their citizens have access to
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即使有投票制度
03:52
the ballot boxes. But they still feel the need,
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他們仍覺得
03:57
they need to take to the streets in order
to be heard.
to be heard.
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需要佔據街頭才能表達心聲
我覺得就像 18 世紀的那個口號
04:02
To me, it seems like the 18th-century
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04:07
slogan that was the basis for the formation
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那個口號促成了現代民主基礎
04:10
of our modern democracies, "No taxation
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無代表 不納稅
04:13
without representation,"
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現在是否應該改為
04:16
can now be updated to "No representation
without a conversation."
without a conversation."
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無對話 無代表？
04:23
We want our seat at the table.
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我們應當要有桌邊席
04:27
And rightly so.
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這毫無疑問
但若要參與對話
04:30
But in order to be part of this conversation,
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我們需要知道下一步想做什麼
04:32
we need to know what we want to do next,
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04:35
because political action is being able
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因為政治行為
已經能從煽動到團結
04:39
to move from agitation
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04:41
to construction.
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我們這一代人已經善於利用
04:43
My generation has been incredibly good at
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網路和新科技
04:47
using new networks and technologies
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04:49
to organize protests,
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組織抗議活動
這些活動可以很成功地
04:52
protests that were able to successfully
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掀起議題
04:54
impose agendas,
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04:56
roll back extremely pernicious legislation,
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撤回不當政策
甚至推翻獨裁政府
05:00
and even overthrow authoritarian governments.
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05:03
And we should be immensely
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我們應該為此感到非常驕傲
05:05
proud of this.
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05:07
But, we also must admit that we
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但我們也得承認
05:09
haven't been good at using those
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我們還沒有利用好
網路和科技
05:11
same networks and technologies
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05:14
to successfully articulate an alternative
to what we're seeing
to what we're seeing
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來詳述其他方案 解決現況
05:20
and find the consensus and build
the alliances that are needed
the alliances that are needed
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並找到共識 凝聚力量
讓想法實踐
05:25
to make it happen.
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05:27
And so the risk that we face
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此外我們還必須承擔的風險
就是造成的權力真空
05:29
is that we can create these huge power vacuums
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05:33
that will very quickly get filled up by de facto
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讓某些有權勢力趁虛而入
05:37
powers, like the military or highly
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像是軍事
或 虎視眈眈很久
05:40
motivated and already organized groups
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早已存在的極端組織
05:43
that generally lie on the extremes.
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05:46
But our democracy is neither
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然而 民主並不是
05:48
just a matter of voting once every
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每隔幾年投票一次
05:51
couple of years.
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05:52
But it's not either the ability to bring millions
onto the streets.
onto the streets.
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也不是幾百萬人聚集在街頭
05:58
So the question I'd like to raise here,
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所以在這我想問的
一個很重要且需要有答案的問題
06:01
and I do believe it's the most important
question we need to answer,
question we need to answer,
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06:05
is this one:
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06:06
If Internet is the new printing press,
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若網路是新時代媒體
那網路時代的民主是什麼
06:10
then what is democracy for the Internet era?
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06:14
What institutions do we want to build
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我們想為 21 世紀
建立怎樣的體系
06:17
for the 21st-century society?
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如果我沒有答案
06:21
I don't have the answer, just in case.
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我想也沒人知道
06:25
I don't think anyone does.
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06:26
But I truly believe we can't afford
to ignore this question anymore.
to ignore this question anymore.
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但我們真的不能再漠視這個問題了
06:31
So, I'd like to share our experience
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所以，我想和大家分享我們的經驗
以及從中學到的東西
06:33
and what we've learned so far
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06:35
and hopefully contribute two cents
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希望能藉此帶來一點啟發
06:37
to this conversation.
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06:39
Two years ago, with a group of friends
from Argentina,
from Argentina,
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兩年前 我和一些阿根廷朋友
想說該怎麼讓代表
06:43
we started thinking, "how can
we get our representatives,
we get our representatives,
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我們的民意代表
06:47
our elected representatives,
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06:49
to represent us?"
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"代表"我們
06:53
Marshall McLuhan once said that politics
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馬素·麥克魯漢曾說
政治是以昨日的工具解決今日的問題
06:57
is solving today's problems with yesterday's tools.
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07:02
So the question that motivated us was,
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這句話讓我們不禁想到
我們可否以每日用得到的工具
07:04
can we try and solve some of today's problems
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解決今日的問題呢？
07:08
with the tools that we use every single
day of our lives?
day of our lives?
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我們的第一個方式是
07:12
Our first approach was to design and develop
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研究設計 DemocracyOS（民主操作系統）
07:15
a piece of software called DemocracyOS.
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07:19
DemocracyOS is an open-source web application
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一套開放源代碼的網絡應用
07:22
that is designed to become a bridge
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這套軟體設計用來
07:25
between citizens and their elected representatives
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作為市民和代表的溝通橋樑
07:28
to make it easier for us to participate
from our everyday lives.
from our everyday lives.
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讓我們更方便地參與政治
07:34
So first of all, you can get informed so every new
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迅速掌握資訊
我們可透過平台
07:37
project that gets introduced in Congress
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看到國會每天新提案的即時翻譯
07:40
gets immediately translated and explained
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和顯而易懂的說明解釋
07:43
in plain language on this platform.
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但我們都知道
07:46
But we all know that social change
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知道更多的資訊
07:49
is not going to come from just knowing
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並不能促使社會變遷
07:52
more information,
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而要掌握資訊並有所作為
07:53
but from doing something with it.
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因此 透過 DemocracyOS （民主操作系統）
07:56
So better access to information
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資訊的快速獲得可促使談話
07:58
should lead to a conversation
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08:00
about what we're going to do next,
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談論下一步可能的走向
08:02
and DemocracyOS allows for that.
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因為我們深信
08:04
Because we believe that democracy is
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民主不只是疊加的結果
08:06
not just a matter of stacking up
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08:08
preferences, one on top of each other,
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並非喜好的堆疊
08:11
but that our healthy and robust public debate
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健全的公眾辯論
08:15
should be, once again, one of its fundamental values.
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應該再次成為民主的基礎核心
08:19
So DemocracyOS is about persuading
and being persuaded.
and being persuaded.
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DemocracyOS 是說服與被說服
08:23
It's about reaching a consensus
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是達成共識
08:26
as much as finding a proper way
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以合適的方法
解決分歧
08:29
of channeling our disagreement.
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最後 你可投票
08:32
And finally, you can vote
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你希望你選出的代表如何投票
08:34
how you would like your elected
representative to vote.
representative to vote.
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若你對某個投票議題
08:38
And if you do not feel comfortable
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08:40
voting on a certain issue,
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感到不自在
08:42
you can always delegate your vote
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你可委託別人
代理投票
08:44
to someone else, allowing
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08:45
for a dynamic and emerging social leadership.
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也因此產生勤勉不懈的新社會領導
08:51
It suddenly became very easy for us
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只要比對結果和民代
08:52
to simply compare these results
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在國會投票的情形
08:55
with how our representatives were
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一切都變得非常簡單
08:57
voting in Congress.
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但也很明顯的
08:58
But, it also became very evident that
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科技太過制式
09:00
technology was not going to do the trick.
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我們需要找到參與者
09:04
What we needed to do to was to find
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09:06
actors that were able to
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讓他們利用大眾認知
09:09
grab this distributed knowledge
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09:12
in society and use it to make better
and more fair decisions.
and more fair decisions.
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做出更好更公平的決定
09:18
So we reached out to traditional political parties
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因此我們找來了傳統政黨
09:21
and we offered them DemocracyOS.
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提供他們 DemocracyOS
09:23
We said, "Look, here you have a platform
that you can use to build
that you can use to build
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我們跟他們說 透過此平台
可建立和選民的雙方對話
09:28
a two-way conversation with your constituencies."
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如你想的 我們失敗了
09:32
And yes, we failed.
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徹底的失敗
09:34
We failed big time.
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09:37
We were sent to play
outside like little kids.
outside like little kids.
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我們像小孩一樣被叫閉嘴
他們說我們無知 愚昧
09:42
Amongst other things, we were called naive.
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09:44
And I must be honest: I think, in hindsight, we were.
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但老實說 事後回想 的確如此
09:48
Because the challenges that we face, they're not
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因為我們遇到的問題
09:50
technological, they're cultural.
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非技術性 而是文化層面
09:53
Political parties were never willing
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政黨不可能願意
09:55
to change the way they make their decisions.
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改變做決定的方式
一切間答案很明顯
09:59
So it suddenly became a bit obvious
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10:01
that if we wanted to move forward
with this idea,
with this idea,
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若我們想進一步實現想法
10:05
we needed to do it ourselves.
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我們需靠自己實踐
10:08
And so we took quite a leap of faith,
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於是我們信心十足的
10:10
and in August last year, we founded
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去年八月 在阿根廷
成立了自己的政黨
10:12
our own political party,
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10:14
El Partido de la Red,
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網路黨 (El Partido de la Red)
10:16
or the Net Party, in the city of
Buenos Aires.
Buenos Aires.
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或 Net Party（網黨），在布宜諾斯艾利斯
之後我們更自信無比的
10:20
And taking an even bigger leap of faith,
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10:23
we ran for elections in October last year
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在去年十月出來競選
10:28
with this idea:
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我們秉持著：
10:29
if we want a seat in Congress,
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若我們想要國會席位
10:32
our candidate, our representatives
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我們的候選人和代表
10:34
were always going to vote according to
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會依據市民在 DemocracyOs
的決定來投票
10:37
what citizens decided on DemocracyOS.
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即使是國會提出的單一法案
10:41
Every single project that got introduced
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10:44
in Congress, we were going vote
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我們也會根據市民
10:45
according to what citizens decided
on an online platform.
on an online platform.
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在網路平台的決定投票
這是我們顛覆政治體系的方法
10:50
It was our way of hacking the political system.
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10:54
We understood that if we wanted
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我們明瞭
10:56
to become part of the conversation,
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若想參與談話
10:58
to have a seat at the table,
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占國會一席
11:00
we needed to become valid stakeholders,
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我們須成為利益相關人
要達到目標 唯遵守體系規則
11:03
and the only way of doing it is to play by the
system rules.
system rules.
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11:08
But we were hacking it in the sense that
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但我們悄悄入侵這個體系
11:11
we were radically changing the way a political party
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徹底改變政黨做決策的方法
11:15
makes its decisions.
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11:16
For the first time, we were making our decisions
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第一次 我們總算可以做決定
11:20
together with those who we were
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和那些與政策有直接影響的人
11:22
affecting directly by those decisions.
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一起做決定
對於在阿根廷才成立兩個月的政黨
11:27
It was a very, very bold move for a two-month-old party
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這個舉動很大膽
11:30
in the city of Buenos Aires.
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11:32
But it got attention.
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因此備受矚目
11:34
We got 22,000 votes, that's 1.2 percent of the votes,
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我們獲得 22,000 票數
佔總票數 1.2％
11:38
and we came in second for the local options.
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在地方選舉排名第二
11:43
So, even if that wasn't enough to win a
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雖然我們無法
11:45
seat in Congress, it was enough
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因此獲得國會席位
卻讓我們可以參與對話
11:47
for us to become part of the conversation,
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接下來的那個月
11:50
to the extent that next month,
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阿根廷史上第一次
11:54
Congress, as an institution, is launching
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身為國家機構的國會
11:57
for the first time in Argentina's history,
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推動 DemocracyOS 和 市民討論
12:00
a DemocracyOS to discuss,
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12:02
with the citizens, three pieces of legislation:
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三個法案：
12:06
two on urban transportation and
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兩個都市交通法案
一個公共空間利用法案
12:08
one on the use of public space.
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12:11
Of course, our elected representatives are not
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我們的民代並非表示
12:14
saying, "Yes, we're going to vote
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「我們會根據選民的決定投票」
12:16
according to what citizens decide,"
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但他們願意嘗試
12:18
but they're willing to try.
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12:20
They're willing to open up a new space
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願意打開新局面
讓選民加入談話
12:23
for citizen engagement and hopefully
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希望他們也會願意好好傾聽選民
12:26
they'll be willing to listen as well.
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12:29
Our political system can be transformed,
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我們可以改變政治系統
但非以顛覆或破壞性手段
12:33
and not by subverting it, by destroying it,
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12:37
but by rewiring it with the tools that
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而是利用網路工具
12:41
Internet affords us now.
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改寫政治體系
但最大的挑戰在於
12:43
But a real challenge is to find, to design
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要找到 設計 創造方法
12:48
to create, to empower those connectors
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以方法創新 讓喧囂和沉默被聽到
12:51
that are able to innovate, to transform
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12:55
noise and silence into signal
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最後將民主帶到 21 世紀
12:58
and finally bring our democracies
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13:00
to the 21st century.
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13:02
I'm not saying it's easy.
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我想這不容易
但根據我們的經驗
13:05
But in our experience, we actually stand a chance
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我們手握機會
讓這個理想實現
13:08
of making it work.
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我打從心底深摯地覺得 值得一試
13:11
And in my heart, it's most definitely
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13:14
worth trying.
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13:15
Thank you.
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謝謝大家
13:16
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Pia Mancini - Democracy activistUsing software to inspire public debate and enable voter engagement, Pia Mancini hopes to upgrade modern democracy in Argentina and beyond.
Why you should listen
After a disappointing brush with traditional political parties in Argentina, Pia Mancini realized that the existing democracy was disconnected from its citizens -- and that no one was likely to fix it.
In response, Mancini helped launch Democracy OS, an open-source mobile platform designed to provide Argentine citizens with immediate input into the legislative process. To promote it, she helped found the Partido de la Red, a new party running candidates committed to legislate only as directed by constituents using online tools for participation.
More profile about the speakerIn response, Mancini helped launch Democracy OS, an open-source mobile platform designed to provide Argentine citizens with immediate input into the legislative process. To promote it, she helped found the Partido de la Red, a new party running candidates committed to legislate only as directed by constituents using online tools for participation.
Pia Mancini | Speaker | TED.com