TED2007
David Gallo: Underwater astonishments
David Gallo viser undervands-vidundere
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David Gallo viser forbløffende optagelser af fantastiske hav-væsener, herunder en farveskiftende sepiablæksprutte, en fuldstændig kamufleret ottearmet blæksprutte og et Time Square-værdigt neonlys-display fra fisk, der lever i de mørkeste afkroge af havene.
David Gallo - Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land. Full bio
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
We're going to go on a dive to the deep sea,
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Vi skal på en dykkertur til det dybe hav.
00:21
and anyone that's had that lovely opportunity knows
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Og enhver som har haft denne fantastiske mulighed ved
00:25
that for about two and half hours on the way down,
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at gennem de første to en halv time på vejen ned
00:27
it's a perfectly positively pitch-black world.
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er det en fuldstændig komplet buldrende mørk verden.
00:31
And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the window
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Og vi plejede at se de mest mystiske dyr gennem vinduet
00:33
that you couldn't describe: these blinking lights --
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som man ikke kunne beskrive. Disse blinkende lys:
00:35
a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies.
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En verden af morild, som ildfluer.
00:37
Dr. Edith Widder -- she's now at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association --
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Dr. Edith Witter -- hun er nu ved Research Conservation Association --
00:41
was able to come up with a camera
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var i stand til at lave et kamera
00:43
that could capture some of these incredible animals,
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som kunne opsnappe nogle af disse utrolige dyr,
00:46
and that's what you're seeing here on the screen.
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og det er hvad I ser her på skærmen.
00:49
That's all bioluminescence. So, like I said: just like fireflies.
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Det er alt sammen morild. Så, som jeg sagde: Lige som ildfluer.
00:51
There's a flying turkey under a tree. (Laughter)
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Der er en flyvende kalkun, under træet. (Latter)
00:54
I'm a geologist by training. But I love that.
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Jeg ved det. Jeg er uddannet geolog. Men jeg elsker det der.
01:01
And you see, some of the bioluminescence
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Og I ser at noget af morilden
01:03
they use to avoid being eaten,
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bruger de til at undgå at blive spist,
01:04
some they use to attract prey,
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noget af det bruger de til at tiltrække bytte.
01:06
but all of it, from an artistic point of view, is positively amazing.
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Men det er alt sammen, fra et kunstnerisk synspunkt, absolut fascinerende.
01:10
And a lot of what goes on inside ...
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Og meget af det, der sker indeni --
01:12
there's a fish with glowing eyes, pulsating eyes.
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her er en fisk med lysende øjne, pulserende øjne.
01:14
Some of the colors are designed to hypnotize,
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Nogle af farverne er indrettet til at hypnotisere.
01:17
these lovely patterns. And then this last one,
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Disse yndige mønstre. Og så denne sidste:
01:21
one of my favorites, this pinwheel design.
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En af mine yndlinge, dette møllehjulsdesign.
01:24
Just absolutely amazing, every single dive.
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Fuldstændig fantastisk, hvert eneste dyk.
01:27
That's the unknown world, and today we've only explored about 3 percent
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Det er den ukendte verden. Og i dag har vi kun udforsket 3 procent
01:30
of what's out there in the ocean.
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af, hvad der er i oceanerne.
01:32
Already we've found the world's highest mountains,
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Vi har allerede fundet verdens højeste bjerge,
01:34
the world's deepest valleys,
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verdens dybeste dale,
01:37
underwater lakes, underwater waterfalls --
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undervandssøer, undervandsvandfald --
01:39
a lot of that we shared with you from the stage.
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meget af det delte vi med jer fra scenen.
01:41
And in a place where we thought no life at all,
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Og på et sted, hvor vi troede, der ikke eksisterede liv,
01:44
we find more life, we think, and diversity and density
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finder vi mere liv, tror vi, og forskellighed og tæthed,
01:46
than the tropical rainforest, which tells us that
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en den tropiske regnskov. Hvilket fortæller os, at
01:48
we don't know much about this planet at all.
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vi overhovedet ikke ved meget om denne planet.
01:50
There's still 97 percent, and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises.
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Der er stadig 97 procent, og enten er de 97 procent tomme eller fyldt med overraskelser.
01:55
But I want to jump up to shallow water now
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Men jeg vil bevæge mig op til det lavvandede område nu,
01:57
and look at some creatures that are positively amazing.
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og se på nogle væsener, som er helt fantastiske.
02:00
Cephalopods -- head-foots. As a kid I knew them as calamari, mostly. (Laughter)
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Cephalopoder -- hoved-fødder. Som barn kendte jeg dem mest som calamari.
02:05
This is an octopus --
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Dette er en blæksprutte.
02:07
this is the work of Dr. Roger Hanlon at the Marine Biological Lab --
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Arbejdet er udført af Dr. Roger Hanlon fra Marine Biology Lab.
02:09
and it's just fascinating how cephalopods can,
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Og det er ganske enkelt fascinerende hvordan cephalopoder,
02:13
with their incredible eyes, sense their surroundings,
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med deres øjne, utrolige øjne, fornemmer deres omgivelser,
02:15
look at light, look at patterns.
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ser på lys, ser på mønstre.
02:17
Here's an octopus moving across the reef,
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Der er en ottearmet blæksprutte, der bevæger sig gennem revet.
02:20
finds a spot to settle down, curls up and then disappears into the background.
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Finder et sted at slå sig ned, ruller sig sammen og forsvinder ind i baggrunden.
02:25
Tough thing to do.
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En svær ting at gøre.
02:27
In the next bit, we're going to see a couple squid.
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I det næste stykke ser vi på et par tiarmede blæksprutter.
02:29
These are squid. Now males, when they fight,
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Dette er en tiarmet blæksprutte. Når hanner slås,
02:31
if they're really aggressive, they turn white.
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og de er meget aggressive, bliver de hvide.
02:32
And these two males are fighting,
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Og disse to hanner slås.
02:34
they do it by bouncing their butts together,
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De gør det ved at stødde deres bagdele sammen,
02:36
which is an interesting concept. Now, here's a male on the left
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hvilket er et interessant koncept. Her er så en han til venstre
02:39
and a female on the right,
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og en hun til højre.
02:41
and the male has managed to split his coloration
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Det er lykkedes hannen at dele hans farvning,
02:44
so the female only always sees the kinder gentler squid in him.
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så hunnen altid kun ser den venlige, milde blæksprutte i ham.
02:46
And the male ... (Laughter) We're going to see it again.
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Og hannen -- (latter) Vi kommer til at se det igen.
02:51
Let's take a look at it again. Watch the coloration:
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Lad os se på det en gang til. Bemærk farvningen:
02:54
white on the right, brown on the left.
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hvid til højre, brun til venstre.
02:57
He takes a step back -- so he's keeping off the other males
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Han tager et skridt tilbage, så han holder de andre hanner væk
03:01
by splitting his body -- and comes up on the other side ...
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ved at opdele sin krop, og kommer op på den anden side...
03:04
Bingo! Now I'm told that's
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Bingo! Jeg har fået at vide, at dette
03:06
not just a squid phenomenon with males, but I don't know.
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ikke blot er et fænomen hos blæksprutte-hanner, men jeg ved det ikke.
03:08
(Laughter)
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(Klapsalver)
03:11
Cuttlefish. I love cuttlefish. This is a Giant Australian Cuttlefish.
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Sepiablæksprutter. Jeg elsker sepiablæksprutte. Det her er en kæmpe australsk sepiablæksprutte.
03:14
And there he is, his droopy little eyes up here.
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Og der er han. Hans små hængende øjne heroppe.
03:17
But they can do pretty amazing things, too.
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Men de kan gøre temmelig utrolige ting.
03:20
Here we're going to see one backing into a crevice, and
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Her ser vi en bakke ind i en sprække, og --
03:24
watch his tentacles --
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hold øje med hans tentakler.
03:26
he just pulls them in, makes them look just like algae.
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Han trækker dem bare ind. Får ham til at ligne algerne.
03:29
Disappears right into the background.
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Forsvinder fuldstændig ind i baggrunden.
03:32
Positively amazing. Here's two males fighting.
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Absolut fantastisk. Her er to hanner, der slås.
03:34
Once again, they're smart enough, these cephalopods;
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Endnu en gang, de er kvikke nok, disse cephalopoder --
03:37
they know not to hurt each other.
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De ved, at de ikke skal såre hinanden.
03:39
But look at the patterns that they can do with their skin.
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Men se de mønstre, de kan lave med deres hud. Ikke?
03:42
That's an amazing thing.
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Simpelthen en fantastisk ting.
03:44
Here's an octopus. Sometimes they don't want to be seen when they move
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Her er en ottearmet blæksprutte. Nogle gange vil de ikke ses, når de bevæger sig,
03:47
because predators can see them.
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da rovdyr kan se dem.
03:49
Here, this guy actually can make himself look like a rock,
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Her, denneher kan faktisk få sig selv til at ligne en sten,
03:51
and, looking at his environment,
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og, ved at se på sine omgivelser,
03:54
can actually slide across the bottom,
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kan den faktisk glide langs bunden,
03:56
using the waves and the shadows so he can't be seen.
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og bruge bølgerne og skyggerne, så den ikke kan ses.
03:59
His motion blends right into the background --
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Han passer bare ind; hans bevægelser falder i med baggrunden.
04:04
the moving rock trick. So, we're learning lots new from the shallow water.
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"Den bevægende sten"-tricket. Så vi lærer en masse nyt fra disse lavvandede områder.
04:09
Still exploring the deep,
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Udforsker stadig dybere vande,
04:11
but learning lots from the shallow water.
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men lærer en masse nyt fra de lavvandede områder.
04:12
There's a good reason why: the shallow water's
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Der er en god grund til det: de lavvandede områder er
04:14
full of predators -- here's a barracuda --
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fyldt med jægere. Her er en barracuda.
04:16
and if you're an octopus or a cephalopod,
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Og hvis du er en ottearmet blæksprutte eller en cephalopode,
04:18
you need to really understand how to use your surroundings to hide.
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forstår du virkelig at bruge dine omgivelser til at gemme dig.
04:21
In the next scene, you're going to see a nice coral bottom.
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I det næste klip ser I en fin koralbund.
04:23
And you see that an octopus would stand out
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Og I ser, at en ottearmet blæksprutte ville skille sig meget ud,
04:25
very easily there if you couldn't use your camouflage,
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hvis de ikke kunne bruge deres kamuflage,
04:28
use your skin to change color and texture.
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bruge deres hud til at skifte farve og tekstur.
04:30
Here's some algae in the foreground ...
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Her er nogle alger i forgrunden.
04:34
and an octopus. Ain't that amazing? Now, Roger spooked him
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Og en ottearmet blæksprutte. Er det ikke fantastisk? Roger skræmte ham,
04:41
so he took off in a cloud of ink, and when he
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så han stak af sted i en sky af blæk. Når han
04:44
lands the octopus says, "Oh, I've been seen.
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lander, siger blæksprutten "Åh, jeg er blevet set.
04:47
The best thing to do is to get as big as I can get."
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Det bedste, jeg kan gøre, er at gøre mig så stor som jeg kan blive".
04:49
That big brown makes his eyespot very big.
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Det store brune gør hans øje meget stort.
04:52
So, he's bluffing. Let's do it backwards --
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Han bluffer. Lad os gøre det baglæns.
04:54
I thought he was joking when he first showed it to me.
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Jeg troede, han spøgte, da han viste mig det.
04:56
I thought it was all graphics -- so here it is in reverse.
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Jeg troede, det var ren grafik. Så her er det baglæns.
04:58
Watch the skin color; watch the skin texture.
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Hold øje med hudfarven, hold øje med hudens tekstur.
05:01
Just an amazing animal, it can change color and texture
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Simpelthen et fantastisk dyr, kan skifte farve og tekstur
05:04
to match the surroundings. Watch him blend right into this algae.
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for at passe til omgivelserne. Se ham falde direkte ind i algerne.
05:08
One, two, three. (Applause)
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En. To. Tre.
05:13
And now he's gone, and so am I. Thank you very much.
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Og nu er han væk, og det er jeg også. Mange tak.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Gallo - OceanographerA pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land.
Why you should listen
David Gallo works to push the bounds of oceanic discovery. Active in undersea exploration (sometimes in partnership with legendary Titanic-hunter Robert Ballard), he was one of the first oceanographers to use a combination of manned submersibles and robots to map the ocean world with unprecedented clarity and detail. He was a co-expedition leader during an exploration of the RMS Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck, using Russian Mir subs.
On behalf of the Woods Hole labs, he appears around the country speaking on ocean and water issues. Most recently he co-led an expedition to create the first detailed and comprehensive map of the RMS Titanic and he co-led the successful international effort to locate the wreck site of Air France flight 447. He is involved in planning an international Antarctic expedition to locate and document the wreckage of Ernest Shackleton’s ship, HMS Endurance.
David Gallo | Speaker | TED.com