TED2007
David Gallo: Underwater astonishments
Mga kamangha-manghang bagay sa ilalim ng dagat, hatid ni David Gallo
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Ipapakita ni David Gallo ang nakamamanghang bidyo ng mga nilalang sa dagat, tulad ng pusit lumot na nag-iiba ng kulay, isang pugita na magaling mag-camouflage, at mga isda sa pinakamadilim na bahagi ng karagatan na kasing-tingkad ng neon lights sa Time Square.
David Gallo - Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land. Full bio
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
We're going to go on a dive to the deep sea,
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Tayo ay sisisid sa kailaliman ng dagat,
00:21
and anyone that's had that lovely opportunity knows
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at alam ng sinumang nakaranas na ng pagkakataong ganito
00:25
that for about two and half hours on the way down,
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na sa loob ng dalawa at kalahating oras doon sa ilalim,
00:27
it's a perfectly positively pitch-black world.
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kulay itim lang talaga ang makikita mo.
00:31
And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the window
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Sa may bintana makakakita ka ng mga pinakamahiwagang hayop
00:33
that you couldn't describe: these blinking lights --
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na hindi mo maipaliwanag: kumukutikutitap --
00:35
a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies.
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isang mundo ng bioluminescence, na parang mga alitaptap.
00:37
Dr. Edith Widder -- she's now at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association --
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Si Dr. Edith Widder -- nasa Ocean Research and Conservation Association na siya ngayon --
00:41
was able to come up with a camera
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nakabuo siya ng isang kamera
00:43
that could capture some of these incredible animals,
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na nakunan ang ilan sa mga magagandang hayop na ito,
00:46
and that's what you're seeing here on the screen.
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at 'yan ang nasa harap niyo ngayon.
00:49
That's all bioluminescence. So, like I said: just like fireflies.
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Lahat ng 'yan ay bioluminescence. Gaya ng sabi ko, parang alitaptap.
00:51
There's a flying turkey under a tree. (Laughter)
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Ayan, may lumilipad na pabo sa ilalim ng puno. (Tawanan)
00:54
I'm a geologist by training. But I love that.
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Ang kasanayan ko ay sa heolohiya. Pero gusto ko rin 'yan.
01:01
And you see, some of the bioluminescence
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Makikita niyo na ilan sa mga bioluminescence
01:03
they use to avoid being eaten,
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ay ginagamit upang umiwas sa predator,
01:04
some they use to attract prey,
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ilan ay upang akitin ang prey,
01:06
but all of it, from an artistic point of view, is positively amazing.
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ngunit ang lahat ng ito, sa ngalan ng sining, ay talagang nakakamangha.
01:10
And a lot of what goes on inside ...
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At marami pang bagay ang nangyayari ...
01:12
there's a fish with glowing eyes, pulsating eyes.
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may isda na may matang kumikinang, pumipintig.
01:14
Some of the colors are designed to hypnotize,
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Ilan sa mga kulay ay para mangbighani,
01:17
these lovely patterns. And then this last one,
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napakagandang disenyo. Hetong panghuli,
01:21
one of my favorites, this pinwheel design.
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isa sa mga paborito ko, may disenyong pinwheel.
01:24
Just absolutely amazing, every single dive.
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Talagang nakakamangha, sa bawat pagsisid.
01:27
That's the unknown world, and today we've only explored about 3 percent
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'Yan ang mundong hindi pa natin nakikilala, at sa ngayon, 3 porsiyento pa lang
01:30
of what's out there in the ocean.
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ng buong karagatan ang nasisiyasat.
01:32
Already we've found the world's highest mountains,
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Sa ngayon nahanap na natin ang mga pinakamataas na bundok,
01:34
the world's deepest valleys,
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pinakamalalim na lambak,
01:37
underwater lakes, underwater waterfalls --
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mga lawa at talon sa ilalim ng dagat --
01:39
a lot of that we shared with you from the stage.
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na naibahagi na namin sa inyo mula sa entablado.
01:41
And in a place where we thought no life at all,
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Sa isang lugar na akala natin ay walang buhay,
01:44
we find more life, we think, and diversity and density
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nakatuklas tayo ng maraming nabubuhay, iba-iba at sagana
01:46
than the tropical rainforest, which tells us that
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nang higit pa sa ating kagubatan, at ibig sabihin
01:48
we don't know much about this planet at all.
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hindi pa natin nakilala ang ating planeta ng lubusan.
01:50
There's still 97 percent, and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises.
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Sa 97 porsyentong natitira, maaring walang laman 'yon o may dalang sopresa.
01:55
But I want to jump up to shallow water now
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Pumunta naman tayo ngayon sa mababaw na parte ng dagat
01:57
and look at some creatures that are positively amazing.
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at panoorin itong mga nilalang na sadyang kahanga-hanga.
02:00
Cephalopods -- head-foots. As a kid I knew them as calamari, mostly. (Laughter)
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Mga cephalopods -- head-foots. Calamari lang ang tawag ko sa kanila nung bata ako. (Tawanan)
02:05
This is an octopus --
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Ito ay isang pugita --
02:07
this is the work of Dr. Roger Hanlon at the Marine Biological Lab --
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gawa ito ni Dr. Roger Hanlon sa Marine Biological Lab --
02:09
and it's just fascinating how cephalopods can,
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at sadyang kamangha-mangha ang mga cephalopod
02:13
with their incredible eyes, sense their surroundings,
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kung paano nila nakikita ang paligid, gamit ang kahanga-hangang mata,
02:15
look at light, look at patterns.
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ang mga ilaw, ang mga disenyo.
02:17
Here's an octopus moving across the reef,
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Ito ay pugita na palipat-lipat sa coral reef,
02:20
finds a spot to settle down, curls up and then disappears into the background.
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pupwesto, babaluktot, at biglang mawawala sa paningin.
02:25
Tough thing to do.
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Napakahirap gawin.
02:27
In the next bit, we're going to see a couple squid.
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Sunod, makikita naman natin ang dalawang pugita.
02:29
These are squid. Now males, when they fight,
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Ito ay mga pusit. Ang mga lalaki, kapag sila'y nakikipag-away,
02:31
if they're really aggressive, they turn white.
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nagiging agresibo, nagkukulay puti.
02:32
And these two males are fighting,
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Hetong dalawang lalaki ay nag-aaway,
02:34
they do it by bouncing their butts together,
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pinag-uuntog nila ang puwet sa isa't isa,
02:36
which is an interesting concept. Now, here's a male on the left
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na nakakatawang isipin. Heto naman, lalaki ang nasa kaliwa
02:39
and a female on the right,
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at babae ang nasa kanan,
02:41
and the male has managed to split his coloration
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at pansinin na dalawa ang kulay ng lalaki
02:44
so the female only always sees the kinder gentler squid in him.
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at iisang kulay lang ang nakikita ng babae.
02:46
And the male ... (Laughter) We're going to see it again.
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Hetong lalaki naman ... (Tawanan) Tingnan natin ulit.
02:51
Let's take a look at it again. Watch the coloration:
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Sige panoorin natin ulit. Pansinin ang kulay:
02:54
white on the right, brown on the left.
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puti sa kanan, kayumanggi sa kaliwa.
02:57
He takes a step back -- so he's keeping off the other males
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Aatras siya ng kaunti -- tinataboy niya ang ibang lalaki kaya
03:01
by splitting his body -- and comes up on the other side ...
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hinati niya ang katawan niya -- at sa kabilang bahagi ...
03:04
Bingo! Now I'm told that's
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Bingo! May nakagsabi sa'kin
03:06
not just a squid phenomenon with males, but I don't know.
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na hindi lang squid ang gumagawa niyan, pero wala akong alam diyan.
03:08
(Laughter)
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(Tawanan)
03:11
Cuttlefish. I love cuttlefish. This is a Giant Australian Cuttlefish.
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Pusit lumot. Gusto ko ang pusit lumot. Ito ay isang Giant Australian Cuttlefish.
03:14
And there he is, his droopy little eyes up here.
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Ayan siya, maliliit at inaantok na mga mata.
03:17
But they can do pretty amazing things, too.
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May ilang bagay na ginagawa ito na nakakamangha.
03:20
Here we're going to see one backing into a crevice, and
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Panoorin niyo siya na magtatago sa siwang,
03:24
watch his tentacles --
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tingnan niyo ang mga galamay --
03:26
he just pulls them in, makes them look just like algae.
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iaatras niya, at magmumukhang lumot.
03:29
Disappears right into the background.
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Biglang nawawala sa paningin.
03:32
Positively amazing. Here's two males fighting.
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Talagang kahanga-hanga. Heto naman ang 2 lalaking nag-aaway.
03:34
Once again, they're smart enough, these cephalopods;
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Matatalino sila, mga cephalopods;
03:37
they know not to hurt each other.
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hindi sila nanakit kapag nag-aaway.
03:39
But look at the patterns that they can do with their skin.
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Pansinin ang disenyo sa kanilang balat.
03:42
That's an amazing thing.
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Talagang kahanga-hanga.
03:44
Here's an octopus. Sometimes they don't want to be seen when they move
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Heto ang isang pugita. Minsan ayaw nilang mapansin habang gumagalaw
03:47
because predators can see them.
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dahil nakikita sila ng mga predator.
03:49
Here, this guy actually can make himself look like a rock,
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Heto, ang isang 'to ay nag-anyong bato,
03:51
and, looking at his environment,
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at, habang tumitingin sa paligid,
03:54
can actually slide across the bottom,
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ay dahan-dahang gumagapang,
03:56
using the waves and the shadows so he can't be seen.
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at sinasabayan ang mga alon at anino upang hindi mapansin.
03:59
His motion blends right into the background --
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Sumasabay sa paligid ang paggalaw niya --
04:04
the moving rock trick. So, we're learning lots new from the shallow water.
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ang gumagalaw na bato. Marami tayong natutunan sa mababaw na parte ng dagat.
04:09
Still exploring the deep,
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Mainam na magsaliksik sa ilalim,
04:11
but learning lots from the shallow water.
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pero marami ring natutunan sa mababaw na parte ng dagat.
04:12
There's a good reason why: the shallow water's
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May dahilan 'yan: sa mababaw na parte ng dagat
04:14
full of predators -- here's a barracuda --
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marami ang predators -- heto ang isang barakuda --
04:16
and if you're an octopus or a cephalopod,
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at kung ikaw ay pugita o cephalopod,
04:18
you need to really understand how to use your surroundings to hide.
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nanaisin mong gamiting ang iyong paligid para magtago.
04:21
In the next scene, you're going to see a nice coral bottom.
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Ang susunod nating papanoorin, mga napakagandang koral.
04:23
And you see that an octopus would stand out
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At makikita mo na ang isang pugita na lilitaw
04:25
very easily there if you couldn't use your camouflage,
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kung hind niya gagamitin ang camouflage,
04:28
use your skin to change color and texture.
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gamit ang balat na nagbabago ng kulay at gaspang.
04:30
Here's some algae in the foreground ...
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Heto ang ilang lumot sa harapan ...
04:34
and an octopus. Ain't that amazing? Now, Roger spooked him
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at ang pugita. Kamangha-mangha, 'di ba? Natakot yata ni Roger
04:41
so he took off in a cloud of ink, and when he
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kaya kumaripas ng langoy, nag-iwan ng tinta,
04:44
lands the octopus says, "Oh, I've been seen.
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at nang lalapag na ang pugita sabi niya, "Naku nakita niya ako.
04:47
The best thing to do is to get as big as I can get."
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Pinakamainam siguro lakihan ko ang katawan ko."
04:49
That big brown makes his eyespot very big.
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Nagmumukhang napakalaki ng mata niya dahil sa kayumangging 'yon.
04:52
So, he's bluffing. Let's do it backwards --
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Siyempre, nanloloko lang siya. Tingnan natin ng pabalik --
04:54
I thought he was joking when he first showed it to me.
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Noong una ko 'tong nakita akala ko binibiro lang ako.
04:56
I thought it was all graphics -- so here it is in reverse.
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Akala ko nasa graphics lang -- kaya ito ang pabalik.
04:58
Watch the skin color; watch the skin texture.
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Panoorin ang kulay ng balat; ang gaspang ng balat.
05:01
Just an amazing animal, it can change color and texture
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Kahanga-hangang hayop, nagbabago ang kulay at gaspang
05:04
to match the surroundings. Watch him blend right into this algae.
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nang gaya ng paligid. Panoorin mo habang ginagaya niya ang lumot.
05:08
One, two, three. (Applause)
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Isa, dalawa, tatlo. (Palakpakan)
05:13
And now he's gone, and so am I. Thank you very much.
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Ngayon wala na siya, at ako ang susunod. Maraming salamat.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Gallo - OceanographerA pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land.
Why you should listen
David Gallo works to push the bounds of oceanic discovery. Active in undersea exploration (sometimes in partnership with legendary Titanic-hunter Robert Ballard), he was one of the first oceanographers to use a combination of manned submersibles and robots to map the ocean world with unprecedented clarity and detail. He was a co-expedition leader during an exploration of the RMS Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck, using Russian Mir subs.
On behalf of the Woods Hole labs, he appears around the country speaking on ocean and water issues. Most recently he co-led an expedition to create the first detailed and comprehensive map of the RMS Titanic and he co-led the successful international effort to locate the wreck site of Air France flight 447. He is involved in planning an international Antarctic expedition to locate and document the wreckage of Ernest Shackleton’s ship, HMS Endurance.
David Gallo | Speaker | TED.com