TED2007
David Gallo: Underwater astonishments
David Gallo predstavi podvodna čudesa
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David Gallo pokaže osupljive posnetke čudovitih vodnih živali kot so sipa, ki spreminja barvo, hobotnica, ki se popolnoma zlije z okolico in globokomorske ribe, ki oddajajo svetlobo, ki bi se lahko kosala s tisto na Times Squareu.
David Gallo - Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land. Full bio
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
We're going to go on a dive to the deep sea,
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Popeljal vas bom globoko pod gladino morja.
00:21
and anyone that's had that lovely opportunity knows
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Vsak, ki je že kdaj imel to čudovito priložnost, ve,
00:25
that for about two and half hours on the way down,
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da po dveh urah in pol potapljanja prispemo v
00:27
it's a perfectly positively pitch-black world.
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svet popolne teme.
00:31
And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the window
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Do sedaj smo najbolj skrivnostne živali opazovali skozi okno,
00:33
that you couldn't describe: these blinking lights --
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ki ga nismo mogli opisati. Utripajoče lučke,
00:35
a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies.
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bioluminiscenčni svet, kot kresničke.
00:37
Dr. Edith Widder -- she's now at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association --
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Dr. Edith Witter, ki dela za "Research Conservation Association" --
00:41
was able to come up with a camera
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je iznašla kamero,
00:43
that could capture some of these incredible animals,
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ki lahko posname nekatere izmed teh čudovitih bitij,
00:46
and that's what you're seeing here on the screen.
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ki jih lahko vidite na ekranu.
00:49
That's all bioluminescence. So, like I said: just like fireflies.
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To je vse bioluminiscenca. Res, tako kot kresničke.
00:51
There's a flying turkey under a tree. (Laughter)
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Tukaj vidite letečega purana pod drevesom. (Smeh)
00:54
I'm a geologist by training. But I love that.
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Vem. Po izobrazbi sem geolog, ampak to mi je zelo všeč.
01:01
And you see, some of the bioluminescence
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Kot vidite oddajajo svetlobo zato,
01:03
they use to avoid being eaten,
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da se varujejo pred plenilici,
01:04
some they use to attract prey,
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ali pa da privabijo plen.
01:06
but all of it, from an artistic point of view, is positively amazing.
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Vse to pa je čudovito tudi z umetniškega vidika.
01:10
And a lot of what goes on inside ...
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Kar se dogaja v tem svetu --
01:12
there's a fish with glowing eyes, pulsating eyes.
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tukaj vidimo ribo z žarečimi očmi, ki utripajo.
01:14
Some of the colors are designed to hypnotize,
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Nekatere barve res hipnotizirajo.
01:17
these lovely patterns. And then this last one,
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In ti čudoviti vzorci. In še zadnji:
01:21
one of my favorites, this pinwheel design.
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eden izmed najljubših, vzorec v obliki vetrnice.
01:24
Just absolutely amazing, every single dive.
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Vsak tak potop je neverjeten.
01:27
That's the unknown world, and today we've only explored about 3 percent
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To je neznani svet. Do danes smo raziskali le 3 odstotke
01:30
of what's out there in the ocean.
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oceanov.
01:32
Already we've found the world's highest mountains,
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In že sedaj smo naleteli na najvišje gore na svetu,
01:34
the world's deepest valleys,
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najgloblje doline na planetu,
01:37
underwater lakes, underwater waterfalls --
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podvodna jezera, podvodne slapove --
01:39
a lot of that we shared with you from the stage.
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veliko od tega smo delili z vami.
01:41
And in a place where we thought no life at all,
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In v prostoru, za katerega smo mislili, da v njem ni življenja,
01:44
we find more life, we think, and diversity and density
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smo našli veliko več in bolj raznolikih oblik življenja
01:46
than the tropical rainforest, which tells us that
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kot v deževnem pragozdu. To nam pove,
01:48
we don't know much about this planet at all.
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da ne vemo prav veliko o našem planetu.
01:50
There's still 97 percent, and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises.
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Še vedno nam ostane 97 odstotkov, ki so lahko prazni ali polni presenečenj.
01:55
But I want to jump up to shallow water now
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Sedaj pa bi rad prešel bližje gladini
01:57
and look at some creatures that are positively amazing.
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in vam pokazal nekaj resnično čudovitih bitij.
02:00
Cephalopods -- head-foots. As a kid I knew them as calamari, mostly. (Laughter)
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Glavonožci. Kot otrok sem jih poznal kot kalamare.
02:05
This is an octopus --
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To je hobotnica.
02:07
this is the work of Dr. Roger Hanlon at the Marine Biological Lab --
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To je delo dr. Rogerja Hanlona iz "Marine Biology Lab".
02:09
and it's just fascinating how cephalopods can,
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Neverjetno je, kako glavonožci
02:13
with their incredible eyes, sense their surroundings,
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občutijo svojo okolico s svojimi izredno zanimivimi očmi,
02:15
look at light, look at patterns.
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poglejte to svetlobo, te vzorce.
02:17
Here's an octopus moving across the reef,
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Tukaj vidimo hobotnico, ki se premika po grebenu.
02:20
finds a spot to settle down, curls up and then disappears into the background.
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Poišče prostor kjer se ustavi, zleze vase in se zlije z ozadjem.
02:25
Tough thing to do.
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Težko izvedljivo.
02:27
In the next bit, we're going to see a couple squid.
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V naslednjem delu bomo videli par lignjev.
02:29
These are squid. Now males, when they fight,
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To je ligenj. Ko se samci borijo med sabo
02:31
if they're really aggressive, they turn white.
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in so pri tem zelo agresivni, postanejo beli.
02:32
And these two males are fighting,
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Ta dva samca se borita tako,
02:34
they do it by bouncing their butts together,
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da z zadnjcami udarjata drug ob drugega,
02:36
which is an interesting concept. Now, here's a male on the left
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kar je izjemno zanimivo. Tukaj imamo samca na levi in
02:39
and a female on the right,
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samico na desni.
02:41
and the male has managed to split his coloration
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Samcu je uspelo svojo obarvanost prikriti
02:44
so the female only always sees the kinder gentler squid in him.
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in samica sedaj vidi samo njegovo nežnejšo stran.
02:46
And the male ... (Laughter) We're going to see it again.
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In samec -- (Smeh). To si bomo ogledali še enkrat.
02:51
Let's take a look at it again. Watch the coloration:
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Glejte obarvanost:
02:54
white on the right, brown on the left.
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bela na desni in rjava na levi.
02:57
He takes a step back -- so he's keeping off the other males
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Umakne se nazaj, da drži ostale samce na razdalji tako,
03:01
by splitting his body -- and comes up on the other side ...
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da razdeli obarvanost in prikaže drugo stran ...
03:04
Bingo! Now I'm told that's
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Terna! Slišal sem,
03:06
not just a squid phenomenon with males, but I don't know.
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da ta pojav ni značilen samo za samce lingjev, ampak ne vem.
03:08
(Laughter)
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(Aplavz)
03:11
Cuttlefish. I love cuttlefish. This is a Giant Australian Cuttlefish.
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Sipa. Rad imam sipe. To je orjaška avstralska sipa.
03:14
And there he is, his droopy little eyes up here.
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In tukaj je s svojimi majhnimi povešenimi očmi.
03:17
But they can do pretty amazing things, too.
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Lahko počne precej zanimive stvari.
03:20
Here we're going to see one backing into a crevice, and
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Tukaj se umika v režo in
03:24
watch his tentacles --
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bodite pozorni na njene lovke,
03:26
he just pulls them in, makes them look just like algae.
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ki jih potegne vase. Videti je kot alga.
03:29
Disappears right into the background.
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Izgine v ozadje.
03:32
Positively amazing. Here's two males fighting.
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Resnični čudovito. Tukaj se dva samca borita.
03:34
Once again, they're smart enough, these cephalopods;
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Ta dva glavonožca sta zopet dovolj prebrisana,
03:37
they know not to hurt each other.
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da se ne ranita.
03:39
But look at the patterns that they can do with their skin.
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Poglejte čudovite vzorce na njuni koži.
03:42
That's an amazing thing.
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Čudovita stvar.
03:44
Here's an octopus. Sometimes they don't want to be seen when they move
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To je hobotnica. Ne marajo biti opažene ko se gibajo,
03:47
because predators can see them.
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saj tako postanejo ranljiv plen.
03:49
Here, this guy actually can make himself look like a rock,
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Tukaj samec celo poskuša biti podoben kamnu,
03:51
and, looking at his environment,
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in z opazovanjem okolice
03:54
can actually slide across the bottom,
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lahko nevidno drsi po dnu,
03:56
using the waves and the shadows so he can't be seen.
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tako da izkorišča valove in sence in ostane neopažen.
03:59
His motion blends right into the background --
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Zlije se z okolico, njegovo gibanje je neopazno.
04:04
the moving rock trick. So, we're learning lots new from the shallow water.
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Zvijača s premikajočim se kamnom. Veliko se lahko naučimo v plitvih vodah.
04:09
Still exploring the deep,
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Še vedno odkrivamo morske globine,
04:11
but learning lots from the shallow water.
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a se učimo od območij bližje gladini.
04:12
There's a good reason why: the shallow water's
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Za to imamo dober razlog: plitvine so
04:14
full of predators -- here's a barracuda --
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polne plenilcev. To je barakuda.
04:16
and if you're an octopus or a cephalopod,
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In zato hobotnica ali glavonožec
04:18
you need to really understand how to use your surroundings to hide.
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dobro ve, kako izkoristiti okolico za skrivališče.
04:21
In the next scene, you're going to see a nice coral bottom.
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V nadaljevanju boste videli lepo koralno dno.
04:23
And you see that an octopus would stand out
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Tu bi hobotnica zelo izstopala,
04:25
very easily there if you couldn't use your camouflage,
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če ne bi mogla
04:28
use your skin to change color and texture.
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spreminjati barve in vzorcev na koži.
04:30
Here's some algae in the foreground ...
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V ospredju vidimo alge.
04:34
and an octopus. Ain't that amazing? Now, Roger spooked him
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In hobotnico. Ni to čudovito? Tu jo je Roger preplašil,
04:41
so he took off in a cloud of ink, and when he
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zato je pobegnila v oblaku črnila.
04:44
lands the octopus says, "Oh, I've been seen.
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Ko pristane na tleh, pravi: "Ojej, opazili so me.
04:47
The best thing to do is to get as big as I can get."
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Največ kar lahko sedaj naredim, je, da se napihnem kollikor se da."
04:49
That big brown makes his eyespot very big.
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Zaradi velike rjave površine izgledajo njene oči zelo velike.
04:52
So, he's bluffing. Let's do it backwards --
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Pretvarja se. Zavrtimo posnetek nazaj.
04:54
I thought he was joking when he first showed it to me.
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Mislil sem, da se šali, ko mi je to pokazal.
04:56
I thought it was all graphics -- so here it is in reverse.
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Mislil sem, da je montaža. Zavrtimo nazaj.
04:58
Watch the skin color; watch the skin texture.
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Glejte barvo in vzorce kože.
05:01
Just an amazing animal, it can change color and texture
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Neverjetna žival, ki lahko spreminja barvo in vzorce
05:04
to match the surroundings. Watch him blend right into this algae.
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glede na okolico. Poglejte, kako se zlije z algami.
05:08
One, two, three. (Applause)
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Ena. Dva. Tri.
05:13
And now he's gone, and so am I. Thank you very much.
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In je izginiila, jaz pa tudi grem. Najlepša hvala.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Gallo - OceanographerA pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land.
Why you should listen
David Gallo works to push the bounds of oceanic discovery. Active in undersea exploration (sometimes in partnership with legendary Titanic-hunter Robert Ballard), he was one of the first oceanographers to use a combination of manned submersibles and robots to map the ocean world with unprecedented clarity and detail. He was a co-expedition leader during an exploration of the RMS Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck, using Russian Mir subs.
On behalf of the Woods Hole labs, he appears around the country speaking on ocean and water issues. Most recently he co-led an expedition to create the first detailed and comprehensive map of the RMS Titanic and he co-led the successful international effort to locate the wreck site of Air France flight 447. He is involved in planning an international Antarctic expedition to locate and document the wreckage of Ernest Shackleton’s ship, HMS Endurance.
David Gallo | Speaker | TED.com