ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Gallo - Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land.

Why you should listen

David Gallo works to push the bounds of oceanic discovery. Active in undersea exploration (sometimes in partnership with legendary Titanic-hunter Robert Ballard), he was one of the first oceanographers to use a combination of manned submersibles and robots to map the ocean world with unprecedented clarity and detail. He was a co-expedition leader during an exploration of the RMS Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck, using Russian Mir subs.

On behalf of the Woods Hole labs, he appears around the country speaking on ocean and water issues. Most recently he co-led an expedition to create the first detailed and comprehensive map of the RMS Titanic and he co-led the successful international effort to locate the wreck site of Air France flight 447. He is involved in planning an international Antarctic expedition to locate and document the wreckage of Ernest Shackleton’s ship, HMS Endurance.

More profile about the speaker
David Gallo | Speaker | TED.com
TED2007

David Gallo: Underwater astonishments

David Gallo 揭露海底惊奇

Filmed:
15,797,194 views

David Gallo 向我们展示了关于海洋生物的惊人的及让人目瞪口呆的电影片段。这其中包括了会变色的鱿鱼、章鱼的完美伪装术以及居住在漆黑深海中但能像时代广场的霓虹灯一般闪烁的鱼。
- Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:18
We're going to go on a dive潜水 to the deep sea,
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好了,我们即将潜入海底深处。
00:21
and anyone任何人 that's had that lovely可爱 opportunity机会 knows知道
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任何一个有过这种美妙机会的人都知道
00:25
that for about two and half hours小时 on the way down,
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在这两个半小时的下降过程中,
00:27
it's a perfectly完美 positively积极 pitch-black乌黑 world世界.
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是一个完全漆黑的世界。
00:31
And we used to see the most mysterious神秘 animals动物 out the window窗口
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我们透过窗户会看见世界上各种最神秘的动物,
00:33
that you couldn't不能 describe描述: these blinking闪烁 lights灯火 --
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各种无法形容的动物。这些闪亮着的光,
00:35
a world世界 of bioluminescence生物发光, like fireflies萤火虫.
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完美地构成了如萤火虫般发光的世界。
00:37
Dr博士. Edith伊迪丝 Widder威德 -- she's now at the Ocean海洋 Research研究 and Conservation保护 Association协会 --
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研究保护协会的Edith Witter博士
00:41
was able能够 to come up with a camera相机
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发明了一种照相机,
00:43
that could capture捕获 some of these incredible难以置信 animals动物,
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这种照相机可以拍下这些令人难以置信的生物。
00:46
and that's what you're seeing眼看 here on the screen屏幕.
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这就是你现在在屏幕上看到的。
00:49
That's all bioluminescence生物发光. So, like I said: just like fireflies萤火虫.
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他们全部都是生物发光体。像我说的,就像萤火虫一样。
00:51
There's a flying飞行 turkey火鸡 under a tree. (Laughter笑声)
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这是个会飞的火鸡,在树下。(笑声)
00:54
I'm a geologist地质学家 by training训练. But I love that.
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我知道我现在像是个实习期的地质学家,不过我就是喜欢。
01:01
And you see, some of the bioluminescence生物发光
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你可以看到这些生物发出的光,
01:03
they use to avoid避免 being存在 eaten吃过,
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有些是为了避免被吃掉。
01:04
some they use to attract吸引 prey猎物,
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有些又是为引诱食物上钩。
01:06
but all of it, from an artistic艺术的 point of view视图, is positively积极 amazing惊人.
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尽管如此,用艺术的角度来看,这些都如此神奇。
01:10
And a lot of what goes on inside ...
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再来看看这里发生了些什么——
01:12
there's a fish with glowing泛着 eyes眼睛, pulsating脉动 eyes眼睛.
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这条鱼有着会发光,闪烁的眼睛。
01:14
Some of the colors颜色 are designed设计 to hypnotize催眠,
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有些颜色则可以催眠。
01:17
these lovely可爱 patterns模式. And then this last one,
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多么有趣的图案。这是最后一个:
01:21
one of my favorites最爱, this pinwheel风车 design设计.
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也是我的最爱,像转轮一样的设计。
01:24
Just absolutely绝对 amazing惊人, every一切 single dive潜水.
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每一次潜水都充满着惊喜。
01:27
That's the unknown未知 world世界, and today今天 we've我们已经 only explored探讨 about 3 percent百分
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这正是一个未知的世界。到今天为止,我们只探索了其中的极小部分,
01:30
of what's out there in the ocean海洋.
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大约只占了所有海洋的3%。
01:32
Already已经 we've我们已经 found发现 the world's世界 highest最高 mountains,
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到现在,我们已经发现了世界上最高的山峰,
01:34
the world's世界 deepest最深 valleys山谷,
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最深的峡谷,
01:37
underwater水下 lakes湖泊, underwater水下 waterfalls瀑布 --
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水下湖,水下瀑布,
01:39
a lot of that we shared共享 with you from the stage阶段.
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还有我们刚才看到的。
01:41
And in a place地点 where we thought no life at all,
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然而,恰是我们曾经以为根本不可能有生命的地方,
01:44
we find more life, we think, and diversity多样 and density密度
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我们发现了众多的生物,还有它们的密度和多样性,
01:46
than the tropical热带 rainforest雨林, which哪一个 tells告诉 us that
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都超过了热带雨林。这告诉我们
01:48
we don't know much about this planet行星 at all.
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我们实际上对自己的星球还不甚了解。
01:50
There's still 97 percent百分, and either that 97 percent百分 is empty or just full充分 of surprises惊喜.
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还有剩下的97%,那里要不就是一片荒芜,要不就是充满惊喜。
01:55
But I want to jump up to shallow water now
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不过我现在还是想说说浅水里的世界,
01:57
and look at some creatures生物 that are positively积极 amazing惊人.
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来看看那些神奇的生物。
02:00
Cephalopods头足类动物 -- head-foots头脚灯. As a kid孩子 I knew知道 them as calamari鱿鱼, mostly大多. (Laughter笑声)
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头足类动物,有头有角。小时候我把他们当作是枪乌贼。
02:05
This is an octopus章鱼 --
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这是一条章鱼。
02:07
this is the work of Dr博士. Roger罗杰 Hanlon汉龙 at the Marine海洋 Biological生物 Lab实验室 --
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这是来自Roger Hanlon博士,海洋生物实验室的成果。
02:09
and it's just fascinating迷人 how cephalopods头足类动物 can,
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这些头足类动物真令人着迷,
02:13
with their incredible难以置信 eyes眼睛, sense their surroundings环境,
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它用它们的眼睛,它们那难以置信的眼睛来观察周围的环境,
02:15
look at light, look at patterns模式.
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看光,看图案。
02:17
Here's这里的 an octopus章鱼 moving移动 across横过 the reef,
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这有只章鱼正在穿过礁石。
02:20
finds认定 a spot to settle解决 down, curls卷发 up and then disappears消失 into the background背景.
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找到一个位置,停下来,卷起,然后马上消失在背景之中。
02:25
Tough强硬 thing to do.
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这很难做到。
02:27
In the next下一个 bit, we're going to see a couple一对 squid乌贼.
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接下来,再来一起看一对鱿鱼。
02:29
These are squid乌贼. Now males男性, when they fight斗争,
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这就是鱿鱼。当雄性鱿鱼搏斗时,
02:31
if they're really aggressive侵略性, they turn white白色.
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如果它们想要显示出自己的侵略性,它们就变为白色了。
02:32
And these two males男性 are fighting战斗,
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这有两条雄鱿鱼在搏斗。
02:34
they do it by bouncing蹦蹦 their butts烟头 together一起,
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它们用撞屁股的方式来搏斗,
02:36
which哪一个 is an interesting有趣 concept概念. Now, here's这里的 a male on the left
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真是挺有意思的方法。这里有一条雄性在左边,
02:39
and a female on the right,
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雌性在右边。
02:41
and the male has managed管理 to split分裂 his coloration着色
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看,这条雄性能有办法利用颜色把自己分为两半,
02:44
so the female only always sees看到 the kinder金德 gentler温和 squid乌贼 in him.
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所以雌性只能看到它温顺,优雅的一边,
02:46
And the male ... (Laughter笑声) We're going to see it again.
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雄性-- (笑声)再来看一次。
02:51
Let's take a look at it again. Watch the coloration着色:
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让我们再看一次。注意它的颜色:
02:54
white白色 on the right, brown棕色 on the left.
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白色在右边,棕色在左边。
02:57
He takes a step back -- so he's keeping保持 off the other males男性
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它后退一步,让其它的雄性无法靠近
03:01
by splitting分裂 his body身体 -- and comes up on the other side ...
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来到另外一边,并且马上转换颜色。
03:04
Bingo答对了! Now I'm told that's
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瞧!以前有人告诉我
03:06
not just a squid乌贼 phenomenon现象 with males男性, but I don't know.
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这个雄性特征不仅仅是在鱿鱼身上,不过我也不太确定。
03:08
(Laughter笑声)
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(掌声)
03:11
Cuttlefish乌贼. I love cuttlefish乌贼. This is a Giant巨人 Australian澳大利亚 Cuttlefish乌贼.
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墨鱼,我很喜欢墨鱼。这是一只巨型澳大利亚墨鱼。
03:14
And there he is, his droopy下垂 little eyes眼睛 up here.
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看它,看它那双无精打采的眼睛。
03:17
But they can do pretty漂亮 amazing惊人 things, too.
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不过它们能做很神奇的事。
03:20
Here we're going to see one backing后盾 into a crevice裂缝, and
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我们马上就能看到它退入到礁石的夹缝中去,
03:24
watch his tentacles触手 --
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注意它的触角。
03:26
he just pulls them in, makes品牌 them look just like algae藻类.
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它就这样把触角拉进来,使自己看起来像海藻一样。
03:29
Disappears消失 right into the background背景.
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刹那就消失在背景中。
03:32
Positively积极 amazing惊人. Here's这里的 two males男性 fighting战斗.
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多神奇!这又是两只雄性在搏斗。
03:34
Once一旦 again, they're smart聪明 enough足够, these cephalopods头足类动物;
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当然,这些头足类非常聪明,
03:37
they know not to hurt伤害 each other.
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他们知道如何不会伤害到对方。
03:39
But look at the patterns模式 that they can do with their skin皮肤.
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不过看下它们能够利用皮肤来变换图案。怎么样?
03:42
That's an amazing惊人 thing.
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很神奇吧!
03:44
Here's这里的 an octopus章鱼. Sometimes有时 they don't want to be seen看到 when they move移动
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这是个章鱼。有时候,它们不想被别人发现它们在移动,
03:47
because predators大鳄 can see them.
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因为那些食肉动物会发现它们。
03:49
Here, this guy actually其实 can make himself他自己 look like a rock,
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看,这个家伙把自己弄的像石头一样,
03:51
and, looking at his environment环境,
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观察着它周围的环境,
03:54
can actually其实 slide滑动 across横过 the bottom底部,
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然后滑过水底,
03:56
using运用 the waves波浪 and the shadows阴影 so he can't be seen看到.
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利用波纹和阴影来隐藏自己,从而不被发现。
03:59
His motion运动 blends共混物 right into the background背景 --
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就是这样,无声无息地融入环境之中。
04:04
the moving移动 rock trick. So, we're learning学习 lots new from the shallow water.
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这就是移动石头的手法。我们从浅海中学到了很多新东西。
04:09
Still exploring探索 the deep,
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继续来探索下深海领域,
04:11
but learning学习 lots from the shallow water.
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同时从浅海中学到很多新东西。
04:12
There's a good reason原因 why: the shallow water's水的
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这有个原因来解释:在浅海里,
04:14
full充分 of predators大鳄 -- here's这里的 a barracuda梭鱼 --
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到处都是捕猎者。这是条梭鱼。
04:16
and if you're an octopus章鱼 or a cephalopod头足类,
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如果你是条章鱼或是头足类动物的话,
04:18
you need to really understand理解 how to use your surroundings环境 to hide隐藏.
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你确实需要知道怎么利用周围的环境来隐藏自己。
04:21
In the next下一个 scene现场, you're going to see a nice不错 coral珊瑚 bottom底部.
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下个画面里,你可以看到一个美丽的珊瑚。
04:23
And you see that an octopus章鱼 would stand out
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你会发现,一条章鱼
04:25
very easily容易 there if you couldn't不能 use your camouflage伪装,
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如果不进行伪装,极易被发现。
04:28
use your skin皮肤 to change更改 color颜色 and texture质地.
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伪装是改变你皮肤的颜色和纹理。
04:30
Here's这里的 some algae藻类 in the foreground前景 ...
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前面这里有些海藻,
04:34
and an octopus章鱼. Ain't是不是 that amazing惊人? Now, Roger罗杰 spooked受到惊吓 him
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还有一条章鱼。难道不神奇么?不过现在,显然Roger(摄影师)吓到了它,
04:41
so he took off in a cloud of ink墨水, and when he
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它马上释放烟雾弹——墨水来掩护逃脱。
04:44
lands土地 the octopus章鱼 says, "Oh, I've been seen看到.
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当它停下来,会想,“啊,我被发现了,
04:47
The best最好 thing to do is to get as big as I can get."
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那我最好变到最大来保护下自己。
04:49
That big brown棕色 makes品牌 his eyespot眼点 very big.
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那片棕色让它的眼睛看起来十分大。
04:52
So, he's bluffing唬人. Let's do it backwards向后 --
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它在唬人。让我们看一次倒放。
04:54
I thought he was joking开玩笑 when he first showed显示 it to me.
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我第一次看到的时候还以为他在开玩笑呢。
04:56
I thought it was all graphics图像 -- so here it is in reverse相反.
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我以为是电脑特效。让我们看看倒放。
04:58
Watch the skin皮肤 color颜色; watch the skin皮肤 texture质地.
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注意看它皮肤的颜色,以及皮肤的纹理。
05:01
Just an amazing惊人 animal动物, it can change更改 color颜色 and texture质地
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多么神奇的动物,可以改变自己的颜色和质地
05:04
to match比赛 the surroundings环境. Watch him blend混合 right into this algae藻类.
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来变得和背景一样。看它消失在海藻中。
05:08
One, two, three. (Applause掌声)
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一,二,三。
05:13
And now he's gone走了, and so am I. Thank you very much.
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它不见了,我也该下去了。谢谢大家!
Translated by Wang Qian
Reviewed by Chaoran Yu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Gallo - Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land.

Why you should listen

David Gallo works to push the bounds of oceanic discovery. Active in undersea exploration (sometimes in partnership with legendary Titanic-hunter Robert Ballard), he was one of the first oceanographers to use a combination of manned submersibles and robots to map the ocean world with unprecedented clarity and detail. He was a co-expedition leader during an exploration of the RMS Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck, using Russian Mir subs.

On behalf of the Woods Hole labs, he appears around the country speaking on ocean and water issues. Most recently he co-led an expedition to create the first detailed and comprehensive map of the RMS Titanic and he co-led the successful international effort to locate the wreck site of Air France flight 447. He is involved in planning an international Antarctic expedition to locate and document the wreckage of Ernest Shackleton’s ship, HMS Endurance.

More profile about the speaker
David Gallo | Speaker | TED.com