ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Gallo - Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land.

Why you should listen

David Gallo works to push the bounds of oceanic discovery. Active in undersea exploration (sometimes in partnership with legendary Titanic-hunter Robert Ballard), he was one of the first oceanographers to use a combination of manned submersibles and robots to map the ocean world with unprecedented clarity and detail. He was a co-expedition leader during an exploration of the RMS Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck, using Russian Mir subs.

On behalf of the Woods Hole labs, he appears around the country speaking on ocean and water issues. Most recently he co-led an expedition to create the first detailed and comprehensive map of the RMS Titanic and he co-led the successful international effort to locate the wreck site of Air France flight 447. He is involved in planning an international Antarctic expedition to locate and document the wreckage of Ernest Shackleton’s ship, HMS Endurance.

More profile about the speaker
David Gallo | Speaker | TED.com
TED2007

David Gallo: Underwater astonishments

Давид Галло: Усан доорх гайхамшиг

Filmed:
15,797,194 views

Давид Галло та бүхэнд өнгөө өөрчилөх сепида, бүрмөсөн өнгөлөн далдлагдсан наймаалж, далайн гүн харанхуйн загаснаас гарах Times Square-н чансаааны өнгөт гэрэл зэрэг тэнгисийн гайхамшигт амьтдын дүрс бичлэгийг үзүүлэх болно.
- Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:18
We're going to go on a dive to the deep sea,
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Бид далайн гүнрүү шумбах болно.
Тийм завшаан таарсан
хүн болгон мэднэ байх.
00:21
and anyone that's had that lovely opportunity knows
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Шумбаж байхад
2 цаг хагасын турш
00:25
that for about two and half hours on the way down,
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00:27
it's a perfectly positively pitch-black world.
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тас харанхуй ертөнц байдаг.
Бид тайлбарлахын аргагүй
00:31
And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the window
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хамгийн ер бусын
амьтдыг хардаг.
00:33
that you couldn't describe: these blinking lights --
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Эдгээр анивчиж буй гэрэл,
цох шиг амьд биеийн гэрэл.
00:35
a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies.
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00:37
Dr. Edith Widder -- she's now at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association --
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Доктор Эдит Виддер, тэр Далайн судалгаа,
Хамгааллын Нийгэмлэгт ажилладаг.
00:41
was able to come up with a camera
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Тэрээр таны дэлгэцэн дээр харж буй
00:43
that could capture some of these incredible animals,
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эдгээр гайхамшигт амьтдын
дүрсийг буулгаж чадах
00:46
and that's what you're seeing here on the screen.
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камерыг бүтээсэн.
Энэ тэр чигтээ
амьд биеийн гэрэл.
00:49
That's all bioluminescence. So, like I said: just like fireflies.
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00:51
There's a flying turkey under a tree. (Laughter)
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Өмнө хэлсэнчлэн яг л цох шиг.
Энд модон доор нисэж буй
цацагт хяруул байна.
00:54
I'm a geologist by training. But I love that.
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(Инээд)
Би геологич мэргэжлээр суралцсан.
Гэхдээ би үүнд хайртай.
Тэд идүүлэхгүй байхын тулд,
01:01
And you see, some of the bioluminescence
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өгөөшөө татахын тулд
01:03
they use to avoid being eaten,
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01:04
some they use to attract prey,
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өөрөөсөө гэрэл ялгаруулдаг.
01:06
but all of it, from an artistic point of view, is positively amazing.
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Гэхдээ уран сайхны
үүднээс харвал
энэ туйлын гайхалтай.
01:10
And a lot of what goes on inside ...
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Энд гэрэлтсэн нүдтэй загас байна.
01:12
there's a fish with glowing eyes, pulsating eyes.
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01:14
Some of the colors are designed to hypnotize,
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Зарим өнгө нь
ховсдох зориулалттай.
01:17
these lovely patterns. And then this last one,
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Эдгээр сайхан хээ.
01:21
one of my favorites, this pinwheel design.
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Тэгээд хамгийн сүүлийнх нь
миний дуртай
салхин сэнсний загвар.
01:24
Just absolutely amazing, every single dive.
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Шумбалт болгон
үнэхээр гайхамшигтай.
01:27
That's the unknown world, and today we've only explored about 3 percent
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Энэ бол тайлагдаагүй ертөнц.
Өнөөдөр бид далайн
ердөө гурван хувийг л судалсан.
01:30
of what's out there in the ocean.
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01:32
Already we've found the world's highest mountains,
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Бид аль хэдийн хамгийн өндөр уул,
01:34
the world's deepest valleys,
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хамгийн гүн хөндий,
усан доорх гол,
хүрхрээг олсон.
01:37
underwater lakes, underwater waterfalls --
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Ихэнхийг нь та бүхэнтэй
тайзнаас хуваалцсан.
01:39
a lot of that we shared with you from the stage.
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Халуун орны ойтой харьцуулан
01:41
And in a place where we thought no life at all,
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амьдрал байхгүй гэж бодсон газраас бид
01:44
we find more life, we think, and diversity and density
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хамаагүй их амьдрал,
өвөрмөц байдал, нягтралыг олсон нь
01:46
than the tropical rainforest, which tells us that
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бид энэ гарагийн талаар юу ч
мэддэггүйг харуулж байна.
01:48
we don't know much about this planet at all.
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01:50
There's still 97 percent, and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises.
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Цаана нь 97 хувь байгаа.
Тэр 97 хувь нь нэг бол хоосон,
эсвэл гэнэтийн зүйлээр дүүрэн байгаа.
01:55
But I want to jump up to shallow water now
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Одоо би гүехэн ус руу ороод
01:57
and look at some creatures that are positively amazing.
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үнэхээр гайхамшигтай
амьтдыг харуулна.
02:00
Cephalopods -- head-foots. As a kid I knew them as calamari, mostly. (Laughter)
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Толгой хөлтөн.
Багадаа хоол гэдгээр нь мэддэг байлаа.
02:05
This is an octopus --
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(Инээд)
Энэ бол наймаалж.
02:07
this is the work of Dr. Roger Hanlon at the Marine Biological Lab --
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Энэ бол Далайн Биологийн Лабораторийн
эрдэмтэн Рожер Ханлоны ажил.
02:09
and it's just fascinating how cephalopods can,
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Толгой хөлтнүүд
хэрхэн нүдээрээ
02:13
with their incredible eyes, sense their surroundings,
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эргэн тойрноо мэдэрдэг нь гайхалтай.
02:15
look at light, look at patterns.
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Гэрлийг мөн дүрсийг харна.
02:17
Here's an octopus moving across the reef,
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Энд хадан дундуур
наймаалж явж байна.
02:20
finds a spot to settle down, curls up and then disappears into the background.
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Газар олоод, тэндээ атираад
алга болж байна.
Хийхэд хэцүү зүйл.
02:25
Tough thing to do.
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Дараа нь бид хэдэн
каламар харах болно.
02:27
In the next bit, we're going to see a couple squid.
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02:29
These are squid. Now males, when they fight,
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Эрэгчингүүд зодолдохоо
үнэхээр догшин байвал
цагаан болдог.
02:31
if they're really aggressive, they turn white.
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02:32
And these two males are fighting,
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Энэ 2 эрэгчин зодолдож байна.
02:34
they do it by bouncing their butts together,
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Тэд бөгсөө мөргөлдүүлж
зодолддог.
02:36
which is an interesting concept. Now, here's a male on the left
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Хачирхалтай зарчим.
Зүүн талд эрэгчин,
баруун талд эмэгчин байна.
02:39
and a female on the right,
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Эрэгчин нь өнгөө хуваан
өөрчилж байна.
02:41
and the male has managed to split his coloration
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Тэгснээр эмэгчин нь зөвхөн
эелдэг, зөөлөн талыг нь харна.
02:44
so the female only always sees the kinder gentler squid in him.
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02:46
And the male ... (Laughter) We're going to see it again.
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(Инээд)
Дахиад харцгаая.
Өнгийг нь хараарай.
02:51
Let's take a look at it again. Watch the coloration:
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Баруун нь цагаан,
зүүн нь бор.
02:54
white on the right, brown on the left.
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02:57
He takes a step back -- so he's keeping off the other males
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Тэр алхам хойшилж,
биеэ хувааснаар
бусад эрэгчинг холдуулж,
03:01
by splitting his body -- and comes up on the other side ...
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нөгөө талд ирнэ.
03:04
Bingo! Now I'm told that's
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Бинго!
Энэ зөвхөн эрэгчин
каламарын үзэгдэл биш гэж сонссон.
03:06
not just a squid phenomenon with males, but I don't know.
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03:08
(Laughter)
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(Инээд)
Каракатиц.
Би үүнд хайртай.
03:11
Cuttlefish. I love cuttlefish. This is a Giant Australian Cuttlefish.
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Энэ бол Австралын үлэмж сепида.
03:14
And there he is, his droopy little eyes up here.
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Гунигласан жижиг
нүд нь тэнд байна.
03:17
But they can do pretty amazing things, too.
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Гэхдээ тэд ч гэсэн
гайхалтай зүйл хийж чадна.
03:20
Here we're going to see one backing into a crevice, and
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Хавцал руу эргэж буй нэгийг харж байна.
03:24
watch his tentacles --
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Тэмтрүүлийг нь хараарай.
Тэр тэмтрүүлээ татаад,
яг л замаг шиг харагдана.
03:26
he just pulls them in, makes them look just like algae.
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Дэвсгэртээ уусаад алга болно.
03:29
Disappears right into the background.
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Гайхамшигтай.
03:32
Positively amazing. Here's two males fighting.
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Зодолдож буй
2 эрэгчин байна.
03:34
Once again, they're smart enough, these cephalopods;
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Дахин хэлэхэд, эдгээр толгой
хөлтнүүд их ухаантай.
03:37
they know not to hurt each other.
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Тэд нөгөөгөө өвтгөхгүй
байхыг мэднэ.
03:39
But look at the patterns that they can do with their skin.
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Гэхдээ арьсан дээрх
дүрсийг хар даа.
03:42
That's an amazing thing.
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Гайхамшигтай.
03:44
Here's an octopus. Sometimes they don't want to be seen when they move
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Энд наймаалж байна.
Заримдаа тэд мэдэгдэхгүйгээр
хөдлөхийг хүсдэг.
03:47
because predators can see them.
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Учир нь араатан харчихна.
03:49
Here, this guy actually can make himself look like a rock,
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Энэ залуу өөрийгөө
чулуу шиг харагдуулж чадна.
03:51
and, looking at his environment,
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Эргэн тойрноо хараад,
03:54
can actually slide across the bottom,
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ёроолоор гулсаж,
03:56
using the waves and the shadows so he can't be seen.
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долгион, сүүдрийг ашиглан
харагдахгүй явж байна.
03:59
His motion blends right into the background --
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Түүний хөдөлгөөн
дэвсгэртээ шууд уусаж байна.
Хөдөлж буй чулуун заль.
04:04
the moving rock trick. So, we're learning lots new from the shallow water.
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Бид гүехэн уснаас ихийг сурж байна.
04:09
Still exploring the deep,
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Гүнийг шинжилж байгаа ч
гүехэн уснаас ихийг олсоор байна.
04:11
but learning lots from the shallow water.
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04:12
There's a good reason why: the shallow water's
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Нэг шалтгаан нь:
гүехэн усанд араатан их байдаг.
Энэ баракуд байна.
04:14
full of predators -- here's a barracuda --
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04:16
and if you're an octopus or a cephalopod,
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Хэрвээ та наймаалж
эсвэл толгой хөлтөн бол
04:18
you need to really understand how to use your surroundings to hide.
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та эргэн тойрноо хэрхэн ашиглахыг
мэдэх хэрэгтэй.
04:21
In the next scene, you're going to see a nice coral bottom.
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Дараагийн дүрсэнд та
сайхан шүрэн ёроолыг харах болно.
04:23
And you see that an octopus would stand out
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Хэрвээ наймаалж өнгөлөн
далдлалтаа ашиглахгүй бол
04:25
very easily there if you couldn't use your camouflage,
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өөрийн арьсны өнгө,
чанараа өөрчлөхгүй бол
04:28
use your skin to change color and texture.
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түүнийг танихад амархан байна.
04:30
Here's some algae in the foreground ...
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Энд нүүрэн талд замаг,
04:34
and an octopus. Ain't that amazing? Now, Roger spooked him
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мөн наймаалж байна.
Гайхалтай биш гэж үү?
Рожер түүнийг айлгасан тул
тэр бэхэн үүл гаргаад зугтаж байна.
04:41
so he took off in a cloud of ink, and when he
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04:44
lands the octopus says, "Oh, I've been seen.
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Тэгээд наймаалж зогссоноо хэлнэ.
"Би харагдчихлаа.
Миний хийж чадах зүйл бол
байдгаараа том болох"
04:47
The best thing to do is to get as big as I can get."
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04:49
That big brown makes his eyespot very big.
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Бор нь түүний нүдний
толбыг маш том болгож байна.
04:52
So, he's bluffing. Let's do it backwards --
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Тэр айлгаж байна.
Үүнийг ухрааж үзий.
04:54
I thought he was joking when he first showed it to me.
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Анх үзээд түүнийг
тоглож байна гэж бодсон.
04:56
I thought it was all graphics -- so here it is in reverse.
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Би үүнийг график гэж бодсон.
Энд урвуу нь байна.
04:58
Watch the skin color; watch the skin texture.
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Арьсны өнгө, ширхэгийг хараарай.
05:01
Just an amazing animal, it can change color and texture
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Гайхимшигтай амьтан.
Эргэн тойрондоо уусахын тулд
05:04
to match the surroundings. Watch him blend right into this algae.
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өнгө, бүтцээ
өөрчилж чадна.
Замагтай хэрхэн уусахыг хараарай.
05:08
One, two, three. (Applause)
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1, 2, 3.
(Алга ташилт)
05:13
And now he's gone, and so am I. Thank you very much.
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Тэр алга болчихлоо. Би ч мөн адил.
Маш их баярлалаа.
(Алга ташилт)
Translated by Nomindari Bayaraa
Reviewed by Marla Munkh-Achit

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Gallo - Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land.

Why you should listen

David Gallo works to push the bounds of oceanic discovery. Active in undersea exploration (sometimes in partnership with legendary Titanic-hunter Robert Ballard), he was one of the first oceanographers to use a combination of manned submersibles and robots to map the ocean world with unprecedented clarity and detail. He was a co-expedition leader during an exploration of the RMS Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck, using Russian Mir subs.

On behalf of the Woods Hole labs, he appears around the country speaking on ocean and water issues. Most recently he co-led an expedition to create the first detailed and comprehensive map of the RMS Titanic and he co-led the successful international effort to locate the wreck site of Air France flight 447. He is involved in planning an international Antarctic expedition to locate and document the wreckage of Ernest Shackleton’s ship, HMS Endurance.

More profile about the speaker
David Gallo | Speaker | TED.com

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