TEDGlobal 2010
Jessa Gamble: Our natural sleep cycle is nothing like what we do now
Jessa Gamble: Vores naturlige søvncyklus
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I nutidens verden med at balancere skole, arbejde, unger og med mere, kan de fleste af os kun håbe på de anbefalede 8 timers søvn. Ved at efterforske videnskaben bag vores krops indvendige ur, afslører Jessa Gamble det overraskende og væsentlige hvile program som vi bør holde øje med.
Jessa Gamble - Writer
Jessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture. Full bio
Jessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Let's start with day and night.
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Lad os begynde med dag og nat.
00:18
Life evolved under conditions
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Livet udviklede sig under omstændigheder
00:20
of light and darkness,
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af lys og mørke,
00:22
light and then darkness.
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lys og så mørke.
00:24
And so plants and animals
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Så planter og dyr
00:26
developed their own internal clocks
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udviklede deres egen interne ur
00:28
so that they would be ready for these changes in light.
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så de kunne være klar for ændringer i lyset.
00:30
These are chemical clocks,
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Dette er kemiske ure,
00:32
and they're found in every known being that has two or more cells
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og de findes i hver kendt væsen der har to eller flere celler
00:35
and in some that only have one cell.
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og i nogle der kun har en celle.
00:38
I'll give you an example --
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Jeg vil give jer et eksempel --
00:40
if you take a horseshoe crab off the beach,
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hvis man tager en dolkehale fra stranden,
00:42
and you fly it all the way across the continent,
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og man flyver den tværs over kontinentet,
00:44
and you drop it into a sloped cage,
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og man sætter den i et skrånende bur,
00:47
it will scramble up the floor of the cage
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vil den kravle op ad gulvet af buret
00:49
as the tide is rising
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som tidevandet stiger
00:51
on its home shores,
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på dens hjemmekyst,
00:53
and it'll skitter down again right as the water is receding
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og den vil kravle ned igen som vandet trækker sig tilbage
00:55
thousands of miles away.
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tusindevis af kilometer væk.
00:58
It'll do this for weeks,
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Det vil den gøre i flere uger,
01:00
until it kind of gradually loses the plot.
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indtil den gradvist vænner sig til omstændighederne.
01:03
And it's incredible to watch,
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Og det er utroligt at se på,
01:05
but there's nothing psychic or paranormal going on;
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men der foregår ikke noget synsk eller overnaturligt;
01:07
it's simply that these crabs have internal cycles
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det er simpelthen det at disse krabber har interne cyklusser
01:10
that correspond, usually, with what's going on around it.
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der passer sammen, sædvanligvis, med det der sker omkring dem.
01:15
So, we have this ability as well.
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Så, vi har også denne evne.
01:17
And in humans, we call it the "body clock."
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Og i mennesker, kalder vi det "kroppens ur."
01:20
You can see this most clearly when you take away someone's watch
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Man kan set det mest tydeligt
når man tager nogens ur fra dem
når man tager nogens ur fra dem
01:23
and you shut them into a bunker, deep underground,
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og man lukker dem inde i en bunker, dybt under jorden,
01:26
for a couple of months. (Laughter)
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i et par måneder. (Latter)
01:28
People actually volunteer for this,
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Mennesker melder sig faktisk frivilligt til dette,
01:30
and they usually come out
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og de kommer typisk ud
01:32
kind of raving about their productive time in the hole.
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og taler i vildelse om deres produktive tid i hullet.
01:34
So, no matter how atypical these subjects would have to be,
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Så, uanset hvor atypiske disse testpersoner måtte være,
01:37
they all show the same thing.
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viser de alle den samme ting.
01:39
They get up just a little bit later every day -- say 15 minutes or so --
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De står lidt senere op hver dag -- cirka 15 minutter --
01:42
and they kind of drift all the way around the clock like this
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og de driver rundt på denne måde døgnet rundt
01:45
over the course of the weeks.
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i løbet af ugerne.
01:47
And so, in this way we know that they are working on their own internal clocks,
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Så, på denne måde ved vi at de arbejder
ifølge deres egne interne ure,
ifølge deres egne interne ure,
01:50
rather than somehow sensing the day outside.
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i stedet for, på en måde, at fornemme dagen udenfor.
01:54
So fine, we have a body clock,
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Så okay, vi har et ur i kroppen,
01:56
and it turns out that it's incredibly important in our lives.
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og det viser sig at det er utrolig vigtigt for vores liv.
01:59
It's a huge driver for culture
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Det er en kæmpe drivkraft i kulturen
02:01
and I think that it's the most underrated force on our behavior.
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og jeg mener det er den mest undervurdere kraft i vores adfærd.
02:07
We evolved as a species near the equator,
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Vi har udviklet os som art nær ækvator,
02:09
and so we're very well-equipped
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så vi er meget godt rustet
02:11
to deal with 12 hours of daylight
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til at håndtere 12 timers dagslys
02:13
and 12 hours of darkness.
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og 12 timers mørke.
02:15
But of course, we've spread to every corner of the globe
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Men selvfølgelig, vi har spredt os til alle jordens hjørner
02:17
and in Arctic Canada, where I live,
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og i Arktisk Canada, hvor jeg bor,
02:19
we have perpetual daylight in summer
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har vi evig dagslys om sommeren
02:21
and 24 hours of darkness in winter.
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og 24 timers mørke om vinteren.
02:24
So the culture, the northern aboriginal culture,
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Så kulturen, den nordlige aboriginal kultur,
02:27
traditionally has been highly seasonal.
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har traditionelt set været utrolig sæsonpræget.
02:29
In winter, there's a lot of sleeping going on;
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Om vinteren, bliver der sovet meget;
02:32
you enjoy your family life inside.
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man nyder familielivet indenfor.
02:34
And in summer, it's almost manic hunting
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Og om sommeren, er det næsten manisk jagt
02:37
and working activity very long hours,
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og man arbejder mange timer,
02:39
very active.
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meget aktivt.
02:42
So, what would our natural rhythm look like?
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Så, hvordan ville vores naturlige rytme se ud?
02:44
What would our sleeping patterns be
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Hvordan ville vores søvnmønster være
02:47
in the sort of ideal sense?
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i den ideelle form?
02:50
Well, it turns out
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Jamen, det viser sig
02:52
that when people are living
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at når mennesker bor
02:54
without any sort of artificial light at all,
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uden nogen form for kunstigt lys overhovedet,
02:56
they sleep twice every night.
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sover de to gange hver nat.
02:58
They go to bed around 8:00 p.m.
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De går i seng ved 20 tiden,
03:00
until midnight
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indtil midnat
03:02
and then again, they sleep
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og igen, de sover
03:04
from about 2:00 a.m. until sunrise.
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fra cirka 2 tiden til solopgang.
03:07
And in-between, they have a couple of hours
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Og i mellemtiden, har de et par timer
03:09
of sort of meditative quiet in bed.
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med en form for meditativ stilhed i sengen.
03:12
And during this time,
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Og i denne tid,
03:14
there's a surge of prolactin,
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er der en bølge af prolactin,
03:16
the likes of which a modern day never sees.
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hvis lige ikke bliver set i den moderne tid.
03:19
The people in these studies
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Personerne i disse studier
03:21
report feeling so awake during the daytime,
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udtaler at de føler sig så vågne i dagtimerne,
03:23
that they realize
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at de bliver klar over
03:25
they're experiencing true wakefulness
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at de oplever ægte vagtsomhed
03:27
for the first time in their lives.
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for første gang i deres liv.
03:29
So, cut to the modern day.
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Så, se på nutiden.
03:31
We're living in a culture of jet lag,
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Vi lever i en kultur af jetlag,
03:33
global travel,
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global rejsen,
03:35
24-hour business,
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24 timers virksomheder,
03:38
shift work.
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skiftearbejde.
03:41
And you know, our modern ways
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Og I ved, vores moderne skikke
03:43
of doing things
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med at gøre tingene
03:45
have their advantages,
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har deres fordele,
03:47
but I believe we should understand the costs.
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men jeg mener vi bør forstå omkostningerne.
03:50
Thank you.
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Tak.
03:52
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessa Gamble - WriterJessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture.
Why you should listen
Jessa Gamble is an award-winning writer from Oxford, who lives in the Canadian Subarctic. Now that humanity has spread right to the Earth's poles and adopted a 24-hour business day, Gamble argues that our internal clocks struggle against our urban schedules. Her work documents the rituals surrounding daily rhythms, which along with local languages and beliefs are losing their rich global diversity and succumbing to a kind of circadian imperialism.
A dynamic new voice in popular science, Gamble was awarded a 2007 Science in Society journalism award from the Canadian Science Writers Association for her first-person account of daily life at the Eureka High Arctic Weather Station. She is the author of Siesta and The Midnight Sun: How We Measure and Experience Time.
Jessa Gamble | Speaker | TED.com