TEDGlobal 2010
Jessa Gamble: Our natural sleep cycle is nothing like what we do now
Jessa Gamble: Naravni ritem spanja
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Dandanes lahko večina ljudi samo upa na priporočen osemurni spanec, saj je treba uravnotežiti šolo, službo, otroke in še kaj. Jessa Gamble, ki preučuje notranjo telesno uro pri ljudeh, razkrije zanimiv in pomemben načrt spanja, ki bi ga morali upoštevati vsi.
Jessa Gamble - Writer
Jessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture. Full bio
Jessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Let's start with day and night.
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Začnimo z dnevom in nočjo.
00:18
Life evolved under conditions
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Življenje se je razvilo v soodvisnosti
00:20
of light and darkness,
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od svetlobe in teme.
00:22
light and then darkness.
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Svetloba in nato tema.
00:24
And so plants and animals
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Tako so rastline in živali
00:26
developed their own internal clocks
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razvile svoje notranje ure,
00:28
so that they would be ready for these changes in light.
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da so se pripravile na spreminanje svetlosti.
00:30
These are chemical clocks,
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Te ure so kemične
00:32
and they're found in every known being that has two or more cells
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in so prisotne pri vseh bitjih z dvema ali več celicami
00:35
and in some that only have one cell.
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in celo pri nekaterih enoceličarjih.
00:38
I'll give you an example --
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Povedala bom en primer.
00:40
if you take a horseshoe crab off the beach,
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Če odnesete raka ostvarja z domače obale
00:42
and you fly it all the way across the continent,
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na drugo stran celine
00:44
and you drop it into a sloped cage,
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in ga zaprete v nagnjeno kletko,
00:47
it will scramble up the floor of the cage
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se bo odplazil navzgor po kletki,
00:49
as the tide is rising
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ko je plima
00:51
on its home shores,
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na njegovi domači obali,
00:53
and it'll skitter down again right as the water is receding
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in odplazil navzdol, ko bo oseka
00:55
thousands of miles away.
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tisoče kilometrov stran.
00:58
It'll do this for weeks,
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To bo delal več tednov,
01:00
until it kind of gradually loses the plot.
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dokler se ne bo postopoma zmedel.
01:03
And it's incredible to watch,
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Opazovanje tega je neverjetno,
01:05
but there's nothing psychic or paranormal going on;
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toda vedenje raka ni nenormalno;
01:07
it's simply that these crabs have internal cycles
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ti raki imajo pač svoj notranji ritem,
01:10
that correspond, usually, with what's going on around it.
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ki se ponavadi ujema z dogajanjem okoli njih.
01:15
So, we have this ability as well.
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Tudi ljudje imamo to sposobnost.
01:17
And in humans, we call it the "body clock."
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Pri ljudeh temu rečemo telesna ura.
01:20
You can see this most clearly when you take away someone's watch
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To se najbolje vidi, ko nekomu vzamete uro
01:23
and you shut them into a bunker, deep underground,
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in ga zaprete v bunker globoko pod zemljo
01:26
for a couple of months. (Laughter)
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za nekaj mesecev.
01:28
People actually volunteer for this,
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Ljudje se dejansko prostovoljno javijo za to
01:30
and they usually come out
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in ko pridejo ven,
01:32
kind of raving about their productive time in the hole.
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ponavadi navdušeno govorijo o ustvarjalnem času v luknji.
01:34
So, no matter how atypical these subjects would have to be,
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Tudi, če se ljudje zelo razlikujejo,
01:37
they all show the same thing.
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se pri vseh kaže ista stvar.
01:39
They get up just a little bit later every day -- say 15 minutes or so --
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Vsak dan vstanejo malo pozneje - okoli 15 minut -
01:42
and they kind of drift all the way around the clock like this
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in tako vsak dan v teh nekaj tednih
01:45
over the course of the weeks.
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vstanejo ob drugačni uri.
01:47
And so, in this way we know that they are working on their own internal clocks,
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Tako vemo, da delujejo v skladu s svojo notranjo uro
01:50
rather than somehow sensing the day outside.
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in ne zaznavajo dneva zunaj.
01:54
So fine, we have a body clock,
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Ljudje imamo torej telesno uro.
01:56
and it turns out that it's incredibly important in our lives.
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Izkazalo se je, da je ta ura zelo pomembna v življenju.
01:59
It's a huge driver for culture
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Ta ura je pomembno gonilo kulture
02:01
and I think that it's the most underrated force on our behavior.
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in je najbolj podcenjena sila, ki vpliva na vedenje.
02:07
We evolved as a species near the equator,
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Razvili smo se kot vrsta blizu ekvatorja,
02:09
and so we're very well-equipped
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zato smo dobro pripravljeni
02:11
to deal with 12 hours of daylight
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na delovanje v 12-urni svetlobi
02:13
and 12 hours of darkness.
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in 12-urni temi.
02:15
But of course, we've spread to every corner of the globe
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Toda ljudje smo se razpršili po vsem svetu.
02:17
and in Arctic Canada, where I live,
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Jaz živim v arktičnem delu Kanade,
02:19
we have perpetual daylight in summer
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kjer imamo poleti neprekinjeno svetlobo
02:21
and 24 hours of darkness in winter.
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in pozimi 24-urno temo.
02:24
So the culture, the northern aboriginal culture,
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Zato so prvotni prebivalci na severu
02:27
traditionally has been highly seasonal.
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tradicionalno precej sezonska kultura.
02:29
In winter, there's a lot of sleeping going on;
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Pozimi se veliko spi.
02:32
you enjoy your family life inside.
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Ljudje uživajo v družinskem življenju doma.
02:34
And in summer, it's almost manic hunting
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Poleti pa se izjemno veliko lovi
02:37
and working activity very long hours,
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in dela zunaj; dolge ure,
02:39
very active.
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zelo dejavno.
02:42
So, what would our natural rhythm look like?
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Torej, kakšen je naš naravni ritem?
02:44
What would our sleeping patterns be
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Kakšni naj bi bili
02:47
in the sort of ideal sense?
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naši idealni vzroci spanja?
02:50
Well, it turns out
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Izkazalo se je,
02:52
that when people are living
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da ljudje, ki živijo
02:54
without any sort of artificial light at all,
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brez kakršnekoli umetne svetlobe,
02:56
they sleep twice every night.
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spijo vsako noč dvakrat.
02:58
They go to bed around 8:00 p.m.
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Spijo od približno osmih zvečer
03:00
until midnight
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do polnoči
03:02
and then again, they sleep
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in zatem spijo še
03:04
from about 2:00 a.m. until sunrise.
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od dveh ponoči do sončnega vzhoda.
03:07
And in-between, they have a couple of hours
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Vmes imajo približno dve uri
03:09
of sort of meditative quiet in bed.
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meditativne tišine v postelji.
03:12
And during this time,
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V teh dveh urah
03:14
there's a surge of prolactin,
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se prolaktin zelo poviša.
03:16
the likes of which a modern day never sees.
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Toliko prolaktina se v modernih dneh ne tvori nikoli.
03:19
The people in these studies
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Sodelujoči v teh raziskavah
03:21
report feeling so awake during the daytime,
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so povedali, da so podnevi tako budni,
03:23
that they realize
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da so spoznali,
03:25
they're experiencing true wakefulness
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da so šele zdaj zares budni,
03:27
for the first time in their lives.
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prvič v svojem življenju.
03:29
So, cut to the modern day.
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Vrnimo se v moderno dobo.
03:31
We're living in a culture of jet lag,
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Smo družba časovnih razlik,
03:33
global travel,
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globalnih potovanj,
03:35
24-hour business,
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24-urnega dela,
03:38
shift work.
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izmenskega dela.
03:41
And you know, our modern ways
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Moderni način
03:43
of doing things
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življenja
03:45
have their advantages,
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ima svoje prednosti,
03:47
but I believe we should understand the costs.
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vendar se moramo zavedati škodljivih posledic.
03:50
Thank you.
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Hvala.
03:52
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessa Gamble - WriterJessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture.
Why you should listen
Jessa Gamble is an award-winning writer from Oxford, who lives in the Canadian Subarctic. Now that humanity has spread right to the Earth's poles and adopted a 24-hour business day, Gamble argues that our internal clocks struggle against our urban schedules. Her work documents the rituals surrounding daily rhythms, which along with local languages and beliefs are losing their rich global diversity and succumbing to a kind of circadian imperialism.
A dynamic new voice in popular science, Gamble was awarded a 2007 Science in Society journalism award from the Canadian Science Writers Association for her first-person account of daily life at the Eureka High Arctic Weather Station. She is the author of Siesta and The Midnight Sun: How We Measure and Experience Time.
Jessa Gamble | Speaker | TED.com