TEDGlobal 2010
Jessa Gamble: Our natural sleep cycle is nothing like what we do now
Jessa Gamble: Vår naturlige sovesyklus
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
3,071,823 views
I dagens verden, hvor vi må balansere skole, jobb, barn og mer, kan de fleste av oss bare håpe på de anbefalte åtte timer søvn per natt. Jessa Gamble forsker på vår interne kroppsklokke og viser oss det overraskende hvilemønsterne vi burde ha.
Jessa Gamble - Writer
Jessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture. Full bio
Jessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Let's start with day and night.
0
1000
2000
La oss starte med dag og natt.
00:18
Life evolved under conditions
1
3000
2000
Liv har utviklet seg under forhold
00:20
of light and darkness,
2
5000
2000
av lys og mørke,
00:22
light and then darkness.
3
7000
2000
lys og mørke,
00:24
And so plants and animals
4
9000
2000
Planter og dyr har
00:26
developed their own internal clocks
5
11000
2000
utviklet sine egne interne klokker
00:28
so that they would be ready for these changes in light.
6
13000
2000
slik at de ville være klare for disse forandringene i lyset.
00:30
These are chemical clocks,
7
15000
2000
Disse er kjemiske klokker,
00:32
and they're found in every known being that has two or more cells
8
17000
3000
og er i alt kjent liv som har to eller flere celler
00:35
and in some that only have one cell.
9
20000
3000
og i noen som har bare en celle.
00:38
I'll give you an example --
10
23000
2000
Jeg skal gi dere et eksempel.
00:40
if you take a horseshoe crab off the beach,
11
25000
2000
Om du tar en dolkhale fra stranden,
00:42
and you fly it all the way across the continent,
12
27000
2000
og flyr den til den andre siden av kontinentet,
00:44
and you drop it into a sloped cage,
13
29000
3000
og slipper den ned i et skrått kar
00:47
it will scramble up the floor of the cage
14
32000
2000
så vil den klatre opp skråningen
00:49
as the tide is rising
15
34000
2000
når det flør
00:51
on its home shores,
16
36000
2000
på sitt hjemsteds strender,
00:53
and it'll skitter down again right as the water is receding
17
38000
2000
og den vil klatre ned igjen akkurat i det tidevannet ebber.
00:55
thousands of miles away.
18
40000
3000
tusenvis av kilometer borte.
00:58
It'll do this for weeks,
19
43000
2000
Den vil gjøre dette i ukesvis,
01:00
until it kind of gradually loses the plot.
20
45000
3000
før den sakte glemmer det.
01:03
And it's incredible to watch,
21
48000
2000
Og det er utrolig å se,
01:05
but there's nothing psychic or paranormal going on;
22
50000
2000
men det er ingenting overnaturlig som foregår;
01:07
it's simply that these crabs have internal cycles
23
52000
3000
det er rett og slett at disse krabbene har interne sykluser
01:10
that correspond, usually, with what's going on around it.
24
55000
3000
som korresponderer, normalt, med det som skjer rundt dem.
01:15
So, we have this ability as well.
25
60000
2000
Så, vi har denne ferdigheten også.
01:17
And in humans, we call it the "body clock."
26
62000
3000
Og i mennesker kaller vi den for kroppsklokken.
01:20
You can see this most clearly when you take away someone's watch
27
65000
3000
Dette ser du klarest når du tar fra noen klokken
01:23
and you shut them into a bunker, deep underground,
28
68000
3000
og stenger dem inne i en bunker, dypt under bakken,
01:26
for a couple of months. (Laughter)
29
71000
2000
i noen måneder.
01:28
People actually volunteer for this,
30
73000
2000
Folk melder seg faktisk frivillig til dette,
01:30
and they usually come out
31
75000
2000
og vanligvis kommer de ut
01:32
kind of raving about their productive time in the hole.
32
77000
2000
og forteller entusiastisk om produktiviteten i hullet.
01:34
So, no matter how atypical these subjects would have to be,
33
79000
3000
Så, uansett hvor atypiske disse personene måtte være,
01:37
they all show the same thing.
34
82000
2000
viser alle det samme.
01:39
They get up just a little bit later every day -- say 15 minutes or so --
35
84000
3000
De står opp litt senere hver dag -- ca 15 minutter --
01:42
and they kind of drift all the way around the clock like this
36
87000
3000
og snur sakte døgnet
01:45
over the course of the weeks.
37
90000
2000
over et par ukers tid.
01:47
And so, in this way we know that they are working on their own internal clocks,
38
92000
3000
Og så, på denne måten, vet vi at de arbeider etter sin egne interne klokker,
01:50
rather than somehow sensing the day outside.
39
95000
3000
i stedet for å sanse dagen på utsiden.
01:54
So fine, we have a body clock,
40
99000
2000
Så ok, vi har kroppsklokker,
01:56
and it turns out that it's incredibly important in our lives.
41
101000
3000
og det viser seg at den er utrolig viktig i våre liv.
01:59
It's a huge driver for culture
42
104000
2000
Den er viktig for kultur,
02:01
and I think that it's the most underrated force on our behavior.
43
106000
3000
og jeg tror det er den mest undervurderte kraften i vår oppførsel.
02:07
We evolved as a species near the equator,
44
112000
2000
Vi utviklet oss som rase rundt ekvator,
02:09
and so we're very well-equipped
45
114000
2000
og er derfor godt utrustet
02:11
to deal with 12 hours of daylight
46
116000
2000
til å forholde oss til 12 timer dagslys
02:13
and 12 hours of darkness.
47
118000
2000
og 12 timer med mørke.
02:15
But of course, we've spread to every corner of the globe
48
120000
2000
Men selvsagt, vi har spredd oss til alle planetens hjørner,
02:17
and in Arctic Canada, where I live,
49
122000
2000
og i arktiske Canada, hvor jeg bor,
02:19
we have perpetual daylight in summer
50
124000
2000
har vi konstant dagslys om sommeren
02:21
and 24 hours of darkness in winter.
51
126000
3000
og 24 timer mørke om vinteren.
02:24
So the culture, the northern aboriginal culture,
52
129000
3000
Så kulturen, den nordlige innfødtes kultur,
02:27
traditionally has been highly seasonal.
53
132000
2000
er tradisjonelt sett veldig sesongavhenging.
02:29
In winter, there's a lot of sleeping going on;
54
134000
3000
Om vinteren er det mye søvn.
02:32
you enjoy your family life inside.
55
137000
2000
Du hygger deg med familien inne.
02:34
And in summer, it's almost manic hunting
56
139000
3000
Og om sommeren er det vill jakt
02:37
and working activity very long hours,
57
142000
2000
og arbeidsaktiviteten er lang
02:39
very active.
58
144000
2000
og veldig aktiv.
02:42
So, what would our natural rhythm look like?
59
147000
2000
Så, hvordan ville vår naturlige rytme se ut?
02:44
What would our sleeping patterns be
60
149000
3000
Hva ville våre sovemønster være
02:47
in the sort of ideal sense?
61
152000
3000
helt ideelt sett?
02:50
Well, it turns out
62
155000
2000
Vel, det viser seg
02:52
that when people are living
63
157000
2000
at, når folk lever
02:54
without any sort of artificial light at all,
64
159000
2000
uten noe kunstig lys i det hele tatt,
02:56
they sleep twice every night.
65
161000
2000
sover de to ganger per natt.
02:58
They go to bed around 8:00 p.m.
66
163000
2000
De går til sengs rundt klokken 19:00
03:00
until midnight
67
165000
2000
til midnatt
03:02
and then again, they sleep
68
167000
2000
og så sover de igjen
03:04
from about 2:00 a.m. until sunrise.
69
169000
3000
fra ca 2 om natten til soloppgang.
03:07
And in-between, they have a couple of hours
70
172000
2000
Og innimellom, har de et par timer
03:09
of sort of meditative quiet in bed.
71
174000
3000
med en slags meditativ stillhet i seng.
03:12
And during this time,
72
177000
2000
Og i denne tiden,
03:14
there's a surge of prolactin,
73
179000
2000
er det en økning i prolaktin,
03:16
the likes of which a modern day never sees.
74
181000
3000
som vi aldri ser i moderne tid.
03:19
The people in these studies
75
184000
2000
Menneskene i disse studiene
03:21
report feeling so awake during the daytime,
76
186000
2000
rapporterer at de føler seg så våkne om dagen,
03:23
that they realize
77
188000
2000
at de oppdager
03:25
they're experiencing true wakefulness
78
190000
2000
at de opplever ekte våkenhet
03:27
for the first time in their lives.
79
192000
2000
for første gang i sine liv.
03:29
So, cut to the modern day.
80
194000
2000
Så, tilbake til den moderne tid.
03:31
We're living in a culture of jet lag,
81
196000
2000
Vi lever i en kultur med jet lag,
03:33
global travel,
82
198000
2000
global reising,
03:35
24-hour business,
83
200000
3000
24 timer arbeid,
03:38
shift work.
84
203000
3000
skiftjobbing.
03:41
And you know, our modern ways
85
206000
2000
Og, du vet, våre moderne måter
03:43
of doing things
86
208000
2000
å gjøre ting
03:45
have their advantages,
87
210000
2000
har dens fordeler,
03:47
but I believe we should understand the costs.
88
212000
3000
men jeg tror at vi burde forstå kostnaden.
03:50
Thank you.
89
215000
2000
Takk.
03:52
(Applause)
90
217000
2000
(Applaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessa Gamble - WriterJessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture.
Why you should listen
Jessa Gamble is an award-winning writer from Oxford, who lives in the Canadian Subarctic. Now that humanity has spread right to the Earth's poles and adopted a 24-hour business day, Gamble argues that our internal clocks struggle against our urban schedules. Her work documents the rituals surrounding daily rhythms, which along with local languages and beliefs are losing their rich global diversity and succumbing to a kind of circadian imperialism.
A dynamic new voice in popular science, Gamble was awarded a 2007 Science in Society journalism award from the Canadian Science Writers Association for her first-person account of daily life at the Eureka High Arctic Weather Station. She is the author of Siesta and The Midnight Sun: How We Measure and Experience Time.
Jessa Gamble | Speaker | TED.com