TEDGlobal 2010
Jessa Gamble: Our natural sleep cycle is nothing like what we do now
Jessa Gamble: Náš prirodzený cyklus spánku
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Balansovaním školy, práce, detí a ďalších vecí v dnešnom svete, väčšina z nás môže len dúfať v osem hodín doporučeného spánku. Skúmaním našich vnútorných hodín Jessa Gamble odhaľuje prekvapujúci a podstatný program odpočinku, ktorý by sme mali pozorovať.
Jessa Gamble - Writer
Jessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture. Full bio
Jessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Let's start with day and night.
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Začnime s dňom a nocou.
00:18
Life evolved under conditions
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Život sa vyvinul pod podmienkami
00:20
of light and darkness,
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svetla a tmy,
00:22
light and then darkness.
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svetla a potom tmy.
00:24
And so plants and animals
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A tak si rastliny a zvieratá
00:26
developed their own internal clocks
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vyvinuli vlastné vnútorné hodiny,
00:28
so that they would be ready for these changes in light.
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aby boli pripravené na tieto zmeny svetla.
00:30
These are chemical clocks,
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Sú to chemické hodiny.
00:32
and they're found in every known being that has two or more cells
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a môžeme ich nájsť v každom známom organizme, ktorý sa skladá z dvoch a viac buniek,
00:35
and in some that only have one cell.
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ale aj v niektorých jednobunkových organizmoch.
00:38
I'll give you an example --
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Uvediem príklad.
00:40
if you take a horseshoe crab off the beach,
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Keď vezmete kraba tŕnistého z pláže,
00:42
and you fly it all the way across the continent,
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preletíte s ním naprieč kontinentom
00:44
and you drop it into a sloped cage,
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a zhodíte ho do zošikmenej klietky,
00:47
it will scramble up the floor of the cage
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bude sa škriabať nahor dnom klietky tak,
00:49
as the tide is rising
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ako rastie hladina vody v čase prílivu
00:51
on its home shores,
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na jeho domovských brehoch,
00:53
and it'll skitter down again right as the water is receding
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a následne sa bude trepotať naspäť dolu tak, ako ustupuje voda
00:55
thousands of miles away.
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vzdialená tisíce míľ.
00:58
It'll do this for weeks,
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Bude to robiť týždne,
01:00
until it kind of gradually loses the plot.
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až kým nestratí pozíciu.
01:03
And it's incredible to watch,
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Je neuveriteľné to sledovať,
01:05
but there's nothing psychic or paranormal going on;
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ale nie je to nič psychické alebo paranormálne.
01:07
it's simply that these crabs have internal cycles
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Jednoducho ide o to, že tieto kraby majú vnútorný cyklus,
01:10
that correspond, usually, with what's going on around it.
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ktorý zvyčajne korešponduje s tým, čo sa deje okolo nich.
01:15
So, we have this ability as well.
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Aj my máme takúto schopnosť.
01:17
And in humans, we call it the "body clock."
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U ľudí ju nazývame biologickými hodinami.
01:20
You can see this most clearly when you take away someone's watch
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Najlepšie je to vidieť vtedy, keď niekomu vezmete hodinky
01:23
and you shut them into a bunker, deep underground,
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a zavriete ho do bunkru hlboko pod zemou
01:26
for a couple of months. (Laughter)
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na pár mesiacov.
01:28
People actually volunteer for this,
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Ľudia sa vlastne dobrovoľne zúčastňujú tohoto experimentu,
01:30
and they usually come out
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a zvyčajne vychádzajú von
01:32
kind of raving about their productive time in the hole.
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rozplývajúc sa nad množstvom produktívneho času, ktorý tam mali.
01:34
So, no matter how atypical these subjects would have to be,
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Takže bez ohľadu na to, aké atypické by tieto osoby museli byť,
01:37
they all show the same thing.
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všetky ukazujú to isté.
01:39
They get up just a little bit later every day -- say 15 minutes or so --
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Každé ráno vstanú iba o trochu neskôr – povedzme o 15 minút alebo tak -
01:42
and they kind of drift all the way around the clock like this
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a posúvajú sa takto 24 hodín denne
01:45
over the course of the weeks.
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v priebehu nasledujúcich týždňov.
01:47
And so, in this way we know that they are working on their own internal clocks,
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A tak, týmto spôsobom vieme, že namiesto vnímania vonkajšieho dňa,
01:50
rather than somehow sensing the day outside.
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sa riadia vnútornými hodinami.
01:54
So fine, we have a body clock,
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Dobre, takže máme biologické hodiny.
01:56
and it turns out that it's incredibly important in our lives.
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A vyzerá to tak, že sú v našom živote nesmierne dôležité.
01:59
It's a huge driver for culture
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Sú veľkým kultúrnym poháňačom
02:01
and I think that it's the most underrated force on our behavior.
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a myslím si, že je to najviac nedocenená sila nášho správania sa.
02:07
We evolved as a species near the equator,
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Vyvinuli sme sa ako druh blízko rovníka,
02:09
and so we're very well-equipped
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a tak sa vieme veľmi dobre
02:11
to deal with 12 hours of daylight
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vyrovnať s 12-hodinovým denným svetlom
02:13
and 12 hours of darkness.
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a 12-hodinovou tmou.
02:15
But of course, we've spread to every corner of the globe
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Ale, samozrejme, rozšírili sme sa do všetkých kútov sveta.
02:17
and in Arctic Canada, where I live,
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V arktickej Kanade, kde bývam,
02:19
we have perpetual daylight in summer
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máme trvalé denné svetlo v lete
02:21
and 24 hours of darkness in winter.
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a 24-hodinovú tmu v zime.
02:24
So the culture, the northern aboriginal culture,
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Takže kultúra - severná domorodá kultúra -
02:27
traditionally has been highly seasonal.
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je tradične vysoko sezónna.
02:29
In winter, there's a lot of sleeping going on;
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V zime veľa spíme.
02:32
you enjoy your family life inside.
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A užívame si rodinný život vo vnútri.
02:34
And in summer, it's almost manic hunting
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A v lete je tu takmer bláznivá lovecká
02:37
and working activity very long hours,
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a pracovná aktivita trvajúca dlhé hodiny,
02:39
very active.
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veľmi aktívna.
02:42
So, what would our natural rhythm look like?
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Takže, ako by vyzeral náš prirodzený rytmus?
02:44
What would our sleeping patterns be
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Aká by bola schéma nášho spánku
02:47
in the sort of ideal sense?
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v ideálnom prípade?
02:50
Well, it turns out
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Ukázalo sa,
02:52
that when people are living
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že ak ľudia žijú
02:54
without any sort of artificial light at all,
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bez akéhokoľvek umelého svetla,
02:56
they sleep twice every night.
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spia dvakrát v noci.
02:58
They go to bed around 8:00 p.m.
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Do postele idú okolo ôsmej večer
03:00
until midnight
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a spia do polnoci,
03:02
and then again, they sleep
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a potom znova spia
03:04
from about 2:00 a.m. until sunrise.
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od druhej rána do východu slnka.
03:07
And in-between, they have a couple of hours
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A medzitým zažívajú v posteli dve hodiny
03:09
of sort of meditative quiet in bed.
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meditatívneho ticha.
03:12
And during this time,
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A počas tejto doby
03:14
there's a surge of prolactin,
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stúpa hladina prolaktínu,
03:16
the likes of which a modern day never sees.
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ale takého, aký dnešný deň nikdy nezažije.
03:19
The people in these studies
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Ľudia v týchto štúdiách
03:21
report feeling so awake during the daytime,
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tvrdia, že sa v priebehu dňa cítia takí bdelí,
03:23
that they realize
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že si uvedomujú,
03:25
they're experiencing true wakefulness
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že zažívajú skutočnú bdelosť
03:27
for the first time in their lives.
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prvýkrát vo svojom živote.
03:29
So, cut to the modern day.
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Prejdime na dnešný deň.
03:31
We're living in a culture of jet lag,
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Žijeme v kultúre časového posunu,
03:33
global travel,
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globálneho cestovania,
03:35
24-hour business,
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24-hodinového obchodovania,
03:38
shift work.
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práce na smeny.
03:41
And you know, our modern ways
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A viete, naše moderné spôsoby
03:43
of doing things
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robenia vecí
03:45
have their advantages,
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majú svoje výhody,
03:47
but I believe we should understand the costs.
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ale verím, že by sme mali pochopiť aj za akú cenu.
03:50
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
03:52
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessa Gamble - WriterJessa Gamble writes about sleep and time, showing how our internal body clock struggles against our always-on global culture.
Why you should listen
Jessa Gamble is an award-winning writer from Oxford, who lives in the Canadian Subarctic. Now that humanity has spread right to the Earth's poles and adopted a 24-hour business day, Gamble argues that our internal clocks struggle against our urban schedules. Her work documents the rituals surrounding daily rhythms, which along with local languages and beliefs are losing their rich global diversity and succumbing to a kind of circadian imperialism.
A dynamic new voice in popular science, Gamble was awarded a 2007 Science in Society journalism award from the Canadian Science Writers Association for her first-person account of daily life at the Eureka High Arctic Weather Station. She is the author of Siesta and The Midnight Sun: How We Measure and Experience Time.
Jessa Gamble | Speaker | TED.com