Ramanan Laxminarayan: The coming crisis in antibiotics
רמנאן לקסמינריאן: המשבר המגיע באנטיביוטיקה
At the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, economist Ramanan Laxminarayan looks at big-picture issues of global health. Full bio
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treated with an antibiotic
while working in the garden.
his head was swollen
used to treat a human,
knew if the drug would work,
that would kill the patient,
העלולים להרוג את החולה,
עדיף שישתמשו בו
they might as well use it
his appetite came back.
run out of penicillin,
was run with his urine
the penicillin from his urine
לסנתז שוב את הפניצילין משתנו
millions of other people,
בשנים הראשונות של 1940,
again in the early 1940s,
wonder drug, penicillin.
used rather frivolously
with just a cold or the flu,
responded to an antibiotic,
used in large quantities
means in small concentrations,
on the price of meat,
antibiotics on animals,
selection pressure on bacteria
about this in the newspapers,
הוא בנוגע לתנגודת קרבפנם באצינטובקטר.
of carbapenem resistance in acinetobacter.
אכזרי שמועבר בבית חולים
across the United States.
when we play the video.
הרבה יותר גרוע עכשיו
you might say, well,
לא להשתמש כך באנטיביוטיקה,
to use antibiotics as much,
not to demand antibiotics,
איך לא לדרוש אנטיביוטיקה,
יסודי באנטיביוטיקה
fundamental about antibiotics
others are affected as well,
אחרים מושפעים גם כן,
choose to drive to work
בוחר לנסוע לעבודה
these costs into consideration.
call a problem of the commons,
של אנטיביוטיקה:
of antibiotics as well:
שהם אוכפים על אחרים
that they impose on others
אוויר מקומי ושינוי אקלים.
and climate change.
you can deal with the problem.
use of the oil that we have,
טוב יותר בנפט שיש לנו,
"drill, baby, drill" option,
ה- ״קדח, מותק, קדח״
is to go find new antibiotics.
למצוא סוגי אנטיביוטיקה חדשים.
for conservation of oil
to happen for antibiotics.
to happen, which is that
to make the investments
בתמונה המסוימת הזאת,
this particular picture,
playing against the bacteria,
אנו משחקים נגד החיידק,
השיחה הקצרה הזו,
ahead of the bacteria?
צעד אחד לפני החיידק?
שיכול להחזיק מעמד,
game that can be sustained,
הביולוגיה האבולוציונית,
can borrow from energy
the costs of pollution
זאת גם עם אנטיביוטיקה,
שאינם מזהמים כל כך
which don't pollute as much
מהן האלטרנטיבות הטובות לאנטיביוטיקה?
good substitutes for antibiotics?
hospital infection control
הפיקוח על זיהום בבתי חולים
the seasonal influenza.
as in many other countries,
כמו היתרים הניתנים לסחר.
something like tradeable permits.
fact that we might not
people who have infections,
להרבה אנשים עם זיהומים,
be on the basis of clinical need,
שימוש יתר באנטיביוטיקה
informational feedback,
some information back
been introduced since then —
10 סנטים ליום לאנטיביוטיקה,
paying 10 cents a day for antibiotics,
ואפקטיביות, כדבר מובן מאליו
antibiotics as a given
על טכנולוגיות אחרות,
looking at other technologies,
gasoline prices are a signal
seem unusual for antibiotics,
נראים כבלתי רגילים לאנטיביוטיקה,
for a few months or perhaps a year,
לכמה חודשים או אפילו לשנה,
שימושיים שטוב לקדם,
antibiotics starts going higher,
market does actually respond,
antibiotics and development.
permanent solutions.
ותהיה זו כל טכנולוגיה שתהיה,
whatever the technology might be,
way to work around it.
this is just a problem
have the exact same
many other fields as well,
in India and South Africa.
treat malaria around the world
לטיפול במלריה בכל העולם
safe and efficacious.
know about head lice,
specialty there is bedbugs.
example from across the pond.
also resistant to poisons.
to all of these things is
the last 70, 80 or 100 years
רק ל - 70, 80 או 100 שנים האחרונות
evolution was going to find
לחשוב עליהם עכשיו
start thinking about them
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ramanan Laxminarayan - Drug-resistance economistAt the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, economist Ramanan Laxminarayan looks at big-picture issues of global health.
Why you should listen
Economist Ramanan Laxminarayan works to improve understanding of drug resistance as a problem of managing a shared global resource. As Director and Senior Fellow at the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP), he is interested in cross-disciplinary, pragmatic solutions to reduce drug resistance. He has advised the World Health Organization and World Bank on evaluating malaria treatment policy, vaccination strategies, the economic burden of tuberculosis, and control of non-communicable diseases. He was a key architect of the Affordable Medicines Facility for malaria, a novel financing mechanism to improve access and delay resistance to antimalarial drugs. In 2012, he created the Immunization Technical Support Unit in India, which has been credited with improving the immunization program in the country. He teaches at Princeton.
As he says: "It has been a long time since people died of untreatable bacterial infections, and the prospect of returning to that world is worrying."Ramanan Laxminarayan | Speaker | TED.com