Ramanan Laxminarayan: The coming crisis in antibiotics
Раманан Лакшминараян: Грядущий кризис антибиотиков
At the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, economist Ramanan Laxminarayan looks at big-picture issues of global health. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
treated with an antibiotic
которого лечили антибиотиками,
while working in the garden.
his head was swollen
было настолько сильным,
в Оксфорде.
за 12 лет до этого случая,
used to treat a human,
knew if the drug would work,
that would kill the patient,
он мог бы убить пациента.
they might as well use it
совсем безнадёжного больного.
полицейскому из Оксфорда,
his appetite came back.
он почувствовал себя намного лучше.
run out of penicillin,
was run with his urine
собирать мочу пациента,
the penicillin from his urine
пациент был на пути к исцелению.
millions of other people,
again in the early 1940s,
которую лечили в начале 40-х.
wonder drug, penicillin.
она выздоровела.
здравоохранения.
used rather frivolously
with just a cold or the flu,
responded to an antibiotic,
used in large quantities
субтерапевтически,
means in small concentrations,
on the price of meat,
antibiotics on animals,
selection pressure on bacteria
на бактерии,
about this in the newspapers,
of carbapenem resistance in acinetobacter.
устойчивых к карбапенемам акинетобактерий.
обитающие в больницах,
across the United States.
when we play the video.
устойчивости к антибиотикам.
так и бедные страны.
you might say, well,
to use antibiotics as much,
реже пользоваться антибиотиками,
not to demand antibiotics,
что не стоит их требовать,
fundamental about antibiotics
есть фундаментальный аспект,
others are affected as well,
но и других людей —
choose to drive to work
как мой выбор между автомобилем
these costs into consideration.
принимаю это в расчёт.
call a problem of the commons,
of antibiotics as well:
в вопросе антибиотиков:
that they impose on others
налагаемые нами на других,
на самом деле.
and climate change.
и изменению климата.
you can deal with the problem.
use of the oil that we have,
рациональнее использовать нефть,
"drill, baby, drill" option,
следование девизу «Бури, детка, бури!»,
is to go find new antibiotics.
разработке всё новых препаратов.
инвестировать значительные средства
for conservation of oil
к экономии нефтяных ресурсов,
to happen for antibiotics.
как это произойдёт с антибиотиками.
to happen, which is that
to make the investments
this particular picture,
они стали бы обедом.
playing against the bacteria,
против бактерий —
ahead of the bacteria?
чтобы опередить бактерий?
поиска новых лекарств,
что у нас получилось,
Управление по санитарному надзору.
game that can be sustained,
процес совместной эволюции.
can borrow from energy
идеи из энергетики,
на выбросы в атмосферу,
the costs of pollution
связанные с её загрязнением,
то же самое с антибиотиками?
на чистые виды энергии,
which don't pollute as much
ископаемых углеводородов.
good substitutes for antibiotics?
hospital infection control
за больничными инфекциями,
the seasonal influenza.
использования антибиотиков,
as in many other countries,
something like tradeable permits.
что-то вроде продаваемых разрешений.
fact that we might not
people who have infections,
для многих пациентов с инфекциями,
be on the basis of clinical need,
клиническая необходимость,
в порядке,
informational feedback,
some information back
составят 10 центов.
been introduced since then —
появившиеся позднее, —
paying 10 cents a day for antibiotics,
платить за антибиотики 10 центов в день,
antibiotics as a given
на их рациональное использование.
looking at other technologies,
поиск других технологий.
gasoline prices are a signal
как цены на бензин
seem unusual for antibiotics,
и кажутся необычными,
for a few months or perhaps a year,
на пару месяцев или год,
чтобы заплатить 200 долларов
antibiotics starts going higher,
начнут расти.
market does actually respond,
antibiotics and development.
и разработок.
кучу денег на проблему.
из знаменитого фильма
permanent solutions.
whatever the technology might be,
мы ни придумали,
way to work around it.
this is just a problem
have the exact same
many other fields as well,
in India and South Africa.
в Индии и Южной Африке.
второй линии до́роги,
с широкой лекарственной устойчивостью.
Малярийные плазмодии.
артемизинина,
treat malaria around the world
которым мы лечим малярию
safe and efficacious.
и безопасным.
know about head lice,
что такое вши.
specialty there is bedbugs.
example from across the pond.
also resistant to poisons.
to all of these things is
the last 70, 80 or 100 years
только в последние 70, 80 или 100 лет.
evolution was going to find
и эволюция найдут способ
биологическими организмами
start thinking about them
думать о них
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ramanan Laxminarayan - Drug-resistance economistAt the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, economist Ramanan Laxminarayan looks at big-picture issues of global health.
Why you should listen
Economist Ramanan Laxminarayan works to improve understanding of drug resistance as a problem of managing a shared global resource. As Director and Senior Fellow at the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP), he is interested in cross-disciplinary, pragmatic solutions to reduce drug resistance. He has advised the World Health Organization and World Bank on evaluating malaria treatment policy, vaccination strategies, the economic burden of tuberculosis, and control of non-communicable diseases. He was a key architect of the Affordable Medicines Facility for malaria, a novel financing mechanism to improve access and delay resistance to antimalarial drugs. In 2012, he created the Immunization Technical Support Unit in India, which has been credited with improving the immunization program in the country. He teaches at Princeton.
As he says: "It has been a long time since people died of untreatable bacterial infections, and the prospect of returning to that world is worrying."Ramanan Laxminarayan | Speaker | TED.com