TEDGlobal 2011
Lucianne Walkowicz: Finding planets around other stars
Lucianne Walkowicz: Traženje planeta oko drugih zvijezda
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Kako pronalazimo planete -- čak nastanjive planete -- oko drugih zvijezda? Tražeći malo zatamnjenje dok planet prolazi ispred svojeg sunca, TED-ova govornica Lucianne Walkowicz i misija Kepler pronašli su oko 1.200 potencijalnih novih planetarnih sustava. S novim tehnikama, mogli bi pronaći čak i one s pravim uvjetima za život.
Lucianne Walkowicz - Stellar astronomer
Lucianne Walkowicz works on NASA's Kepler mission, studying starspots and "the tempestuous tantrums of stellar flares." Full bio
Lucianne Walkowicz works on NASA's Kepler mission, studying starspots and "the tempestuous tantrums of stellar flares." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Planetary systems outside our own
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Planetarni sustavi izvan našega
00:17
are like distant cities whose lights we can see twinkling,
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su poput udaljenih gradova čija svjetla možemo vidjeti kako trepere,
00:20
but whose streets we can't walk.
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ali čijim ulicama ne možemo hodati.
00:23
By studying those twinkling lights though,
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Ali proučavajući ta trepereća svjetla,
00:25
we can learn about how stars and planets interact
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možemo naučiti kako zvijezde i planeti komuniciraju
00:28
to form their own ecosystem
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kako bi formirali svoj ekosustav
00:30
and make habitats that are amenable to life.
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i stvorili staništa koja su povoljna za život.
00:33
In this image of the Tokyo skyline,
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Na ovoj slici obrisa zgrada u Tokiju
00:35
I've hidden data
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sakrila sam podatke
00:37
from the newest planet-hunting space telescope on the block,
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iz najnovijeg svemirskog teleskopa koji traži planete,
00:39
the Kepler Mission.
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Misije Kepler.
00:41
Can you see it?
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Vidite li ih?
00:43
There we go.
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Evo.
00:45
This is just a tiny part of the sky the Kepler stares at,
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Ovo je samo sićušan dio neba koje Kepler promatra,
00:48
where it searches for planets
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gdje traži planete
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by measuring the light from over 150,000 stars,
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mjereći svjetlost preko 150.000 zvijezda
00:53
all at once, every half hour,
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sve odjednom, svakih pola sata,
00:55
and very precisely.
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i vrlo precizno.
00:57
And what we're looking for
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A ono što mi tražimo
00:59
is the tiny dimming of light
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jest malo zatamnjenje svjetla
01:01
that is caused by a planet passing in front of one of these stars
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koje nastaje kada planet prolazi ispred jedne od tih zvijezda
01:04
and blocking some of that starlight from getting to us.
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i blokira dio njene zvjezdane svjetlosti da dođe do nas.
01:07
In just over two years of operations,
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U samo dvije godine operacija,
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we've found over 1,200
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pronašli smo preko 1.200
01:12
potential new planetary systems around other stars.
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potencijalnih novih planetarnih sustava oko drugih zvijezda.
01:15
To give you some perspective,
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Za usporedbu,
01:17
in the previous two decades of searching,
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u proteklih dva desetljeća potrage,
01:20
we had only known about 400
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otkrili smo ih samo oko 400
01:22
prior to Kepler.
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prije Keplera.
01:24
When we see these little dips in the light,
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Kada vidimo ta mala udubljenja u svjetlu,
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we can determine a number of things.
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možemo odrediti mnogo stvari.
01:28
For one thing, we can determine that there's a planet there,
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Možemo, primjerice, utvrditi kako ondje postoji planet,
01:30
but also how big that planet is
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ali ujedno i kako je velik taj planet
01:33
and how far it is away from its parent star.
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i koliko je udaljen od svoje matične zvijezde.
01:36
That distance is really important
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Ta je udaljenost veoma važna
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because it tells us
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jer nam govori
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how much light the planet receives overall.
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koliko ukupno svjetlosti planet prima.
01:42
And that distance and knowing that amount of light is important
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Ta udaljenost i poznavanje količine svjetla važni su
01:45
because it's a little like you or I sitting around a campfire:
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jer to pomalo nalikuje na vas ili mene kada sjedimo oko logorske vatre.
01:48
You want to be close enough to the campfire so that you're warm,
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Želite biti dovoljno blizu logorske vatre kako bi vam bilo toplo,
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but not so close
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ali ne preblizu
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that you're too toasty and you get burned.
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da vam ne bude prevruće i da se ne opečete.
01:54
However, there's more to know about your parent star
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No, o matičnoj zvijezdi treba znati mnogo više
01:57
than just how much light you receive overall.
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od toga koliko se ukupno primi svjetla.
01:59
And I'll tell you why.
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A reći ću vam i zašto.
02:01
This is our star. This is our Sun.
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Ovo je naša zvijezda. Ovo je naše Sunce.
02:04
It's shown here in visible light.
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Prikazano je ovdje u vidljivom svjetlu.
02:06
That's the light that you can see with your own human eyes.
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To je svjetlo koje se može vidjeti ljudskim okom.
02:08
You'll notice that it looks pretty much
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Primijetit ćete da prilično nalikuje
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like the iconic yellow ball --
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na poznatu žutu loptu --
02:12
that Sun that we all draw when we're children.
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to Sunce koje svi crtamo dok smo djeca.
02:14
But you'll notice something else,
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Ali primijetit ćete još nešto,
02:16
and that's that the face of the Sun
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a to je kako površina Sunca
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has freckles.
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ima mrlje.
02:20
These freckles are called sunspots,
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Te mrlje zovu se Sunčeve pjege,
02:22
and they are just one of the manifestations
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i one su samo jedna od manifestacija
02:24
of the Sun's magnetic field.
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Sunčeva magnetskog polja.
02:26
They also cause the light from the star to vary.
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One su i razlog zašto svjetlost koja dolazi od zvijezde varira.
02:29
And we can measure this
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I to možemo izmjeriti
02:31
very, very precisely with Kepler and trace their effects.
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vrlo, vrlo precizno pomoću Keplera i pratiti njihove učinke.
02:34
However, these are just the tip of the iceberg.
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No, one su samo vrh sante leda.
02:37
If we had UV eyes or X-ray eyes,
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Kada bismo imali UV oči ili rentgenski vid,
02:40
we would really see
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zapravo bismo vidjeli
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the dynamic and dramatic effects
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dinamične i dramatične učinke
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of our Sun's magnetic activity --
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magnetske aktivnosti našeg Sunca --
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the kind of thing that happens on other stars as well.
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ista stvar koja se događa i na drugim zvijezdama.
02:49
Just think, even when it's cloudy outside,
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Samo zamislite, čak i kada je vani oblačno,
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these kind of events are happening
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takve se stvari događaju
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in the sky above you all the time.
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gore na nebu cijelo vrijeme.
02:57
So when we want to learn whether a planet is habitable,
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Stoga, kada želimo doznati je li planet nastanjiv,
03:00
whether it might be amenable to life,
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je li možda pogodan za život,
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we want to know not only how much total light it receives
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želimo znati ne samo koliko ukupno svjetlosti primi
03:04
and how warm it is,
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i koliko je topao,
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but we want to know about its space weather --
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već želimo znati i kakvo mu je svemirsko vrijeme --
03:09
this high-energy radiation,
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radijacija visoke energije,
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the UV and the X-rays
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UV i X-zrake
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that are created by its star
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koje stvara njegova zvijezda
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and that bathe it in this bath of high-energy radiation.
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i koje se kupaju u toj kupelji radijacije visoke energije.
03:18
And so, we can't really look
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I tako, mi zapravo ne možemo promatrati
03:20
at planets around other stars
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planete oko drugih zvijezda
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in the same kind of detail
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jednako detaljno
03:24
that we can look at planets in our own solar system.
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kao što možemo promatrati planete u našem Sunčevom sustavu.
03:27
I'm showing here Venus, Earth and Mars --
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Ovdje prikazujem Veneru, Zemlju i Mars --
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three planets in our own solar system that are roughly the same size,
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tri planeta u našem sunčevom sustavu koji su približno iste veličine,
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but only one of which
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ali od kojih je samo jedan
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is really a good place to live.
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zaista dobro mjesto za život.
03:36
But what we can do in the meantime
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Ali ono što možemo učiniti u međuvremenu
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is measure the light from our stars
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jest izmjeriti svjetlost iz naših zvijezda
03:41
and learn about this relationship
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i naučiti nešto o toj vezi
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between the planets and their parent stars
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između planeta i njihovih matičnih zvijezda
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to suss out clues
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kako bismo otkrili tragove
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about which planets might be good places
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o tome koji planeti bi mogli biti dobra mjesta
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to look for life in the universe.
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za potragu za životom u svemiru.
03:51
Kepler won't find a planet
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Kepler neće pronaći planet
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around every single star it looks at.
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oko svake zvijezde koju promatra.
03:55
But really, every measurement it makes
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Ali zapravo, svako mjerenje koje obavi
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is precious,
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dragocjeno je
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because it's teaching us about the relationship
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jer nam daje informacije o vezi
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between stars and planets,
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između zvijezda i planeta,
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and how it's really the starlight
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i kako zapravo svjetlost od zvijezda
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that sets the stage
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postavlja temelje
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for the formation of life in the universe.
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za nastanak života u svemiru.
04:09
While it's Kepler the telescope, the instrument that stares,
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Dok je teleskop Kepler instrument koji promatra,
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it's we, life, who are searching.
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mi, život, ti smo koji tražimo.
04:15
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
04:17
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lucianne Walkowicz - Stellar astronomerLucianne Walkowicz works on NASA's Kepler mission, studying starspots and "the tempestuous tantrums of stellar flares."
Why you should listen
Lucianne Walkowicz is an Astronomer at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago. She studies stellar magnetic activity and how stars influence a planet's suitability as a host for alien life. She is also an artist and works in a variety of media, from oil paint to sound. She got her taste for astronomy as an undergrad at Johns Hopkins, testing detectors for the Hubble Space Telescope’s new camera (installed in 2002). She also learned to love the dark stellar denizens of our galaxy, the red dwarfs, which became the topic of her PhD dissertation at University of Washington. Nowadays, she works on NASA’s Kepler mission, studying starspots and the tempestuous tantrums of stellar flares to understand stellar magnetic fields. She is particularly interested in how the high energy radiation from stars influences the habitability of planets around alien suns. Lucianne is also a leader in the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, a new project that will scan the sky every night for 10 years to create a huge cosmic movie of our Universe.
Lucianne Walkowicz | Speaker | TED.com