TEDxWomen 2012
Shabana Basij-Rasikh: Dare to educate Afghan girls
Shabana Basij-Rasikh: Berani untuk mendidik perempuan Afganistan
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Bayangkan sebuah negara di mana kaum perempuan harus menyelinap untuk pergi bersekolah dengan taruhan nyawa jika tertangkap. Inilah Afganistan di bawah Taliban, dan jejak dari bahaya itu masih ada hingga saat ini. Shabana Basij-Rasikh yang berusia 22 tahun menjalankan sekolah bagi kaum perempuan di Afganistan. Dia mensyukuri kekuatan dari keputusan keluarganya untuk mempercayai putri mereka -- dan menceritakan kisah dari seorang ayah yang berani dalam menghadapi ancaman lokal. (Difilmkan di TEDxWomen)
Shabana Basij-Rasikh - Educator
Shabana Basij-Rasikh helps girls and young women in Afghanistan get an education. Full bio
Shabana Basij-Rasikh helps girls and young women in Afghanistan get an education. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
When I was 11,
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Saat berusia 11 tahun,
00:18
I remember waking up one morning to the sound of joy in my house.
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saya ingat suatu pagi saya terbangun karena sorakan gembira di rumah.
00:22
My father was listening to BBC News
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Ayah saya mendengarkan siaran BBC
00:25
on his small, gray radio.
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dengan radio abu-abu kecilnya.
00:29
There was a big smile on his face which was unusual then,
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Tidak seperti biasa, ada senyuman di wajahnya
00:32
because the news mostly depressed him.
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karena kebanyakan berita yang ada membuatnya murung.
00:36
"The Taliban are gone!" my father shouted.
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"Taliban sudah pergi!" kata ayah saya.
00:41
I didn't know what it meant,
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Saya tidak tahu maksudnya
00:43
but I could see that my father was very, very happy.
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namun saya dapat melihat kalau ayah benar-benar gembira.
00:49
"You can go to a real school now," he said.
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"Kau dapat pergi ke sekolah sungguhan," katanya.
00:57
A morning that I will never forget.
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Pagi yang tidak akan pernah saya lupakan.
01:02
A real school.
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Sekolah sungguhan.
01:07
You see, I was six when the Taliban took over Afghanistan
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Anda tahu, saat Taliban mengambil alih kekuasaan, usia saya 6 tahun
01:10
and made it illegal for girls to go to school.
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dan mereka melarang anak perempuan untuk bersekolah.
01:14
So for the next five years, I dressed as a boy
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Jadi selama 5 tahun berikutnya, saya berpakaian seperti anak laki-laki
01:17
to escort my older sister, who was no longer allowed
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untuk mengantar kakak perempuan saya, yang dilarang keluar seorang diri,
01:20
to be outside alone, to a secret school.
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untuk pergi ke sekolah rahasia.
01:25
It was the only way we both could be educated.
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Itulah satu-satunya cara kami untuk mendapat pendidikan.
01:30
Each day, we took a different route
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Setiap hari, kami melalui jalan yang berbeda
01:33
so that no one would suspect where we were going.
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sehingga tidak ada yang curiga akan tujuan kami.
01:37
We would cover our books in grocery bags
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Kami menutupi buku-buku sekolah dengan kantong belanja
01:39
so it would seem we were just out shopping.
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sehingga akan terlihat kalau kami pergi berbelanja.
01:45
The school was in a house,
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sekolah itu ada di sebuah rumah
01:48
more than 100 of us packed in one small living room.
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di mana lebih dari 100 orang dijejalkan dalam ruang keluarga kecil.
01:53
It was cozy in winter but extremely hot in summer.
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Sangat nyaman di musim dingin namun sangat panas di musim panas.
01:59
We all knew we were risking our lives --
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Kami semua tahu kalau nyawa kami terancam --
02:02
the teacher, the students and our parents.
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para guru, para siswa, dan juga orang tua kami.
02:06
From time to time, the school would suddenly be canceled
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Ada saatnya ketika sekolah tiba-tiba diliburkan
02:08
for a week because Taliban were suspicious.
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selama seminggu karena kecurigaan Taliban.
02:12
We always wondered what they knew about us.
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Kami selalu penasaran apa yang mereka tahu tentang kami.
02:15
Were we being followed?
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Apakah kami diikuti?
02:18
Do they know where we live?
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Apakah mereka tahu di mana kami tinggal?
02:22
We were scared,
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Kami merasa takut,
02:24
but still, school was where we wanted to be.
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namun kami tetap ingin pergi bersekolah.
02:31
I was very lucky to grow up in a family
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Saya sangat beruntung karena memiliki keluarga
02:35
where education was prized and daughters were treasured.
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yang menghargai pendidikan dan anak perempuan.
02:41
My grandfather was an extraordinary man for his time.
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Kakek saya adalah orang yang luar biasa di jamannya.
02:46
A total maverick from a remote province of Afghanistan,
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Kakek adalah orang aneh dari provinsi terpencil di Afganistan
02:50
he insisted that his daughter, my mom,
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yang bersikeras bahwa putrinya, ibu saya
02:53
go to school, and for that he was disowned by his father.
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harus pergi ke sekolah sehingga kakek tidak diakui oleh ayahnya.
03:00
But my educated mother became a teacher.
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Akhirnya ibu saya yang terdidik menjadi seorang guru.
03:03
There she is.
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Inilah ibu saya.
03:06
She retired two years ago, only to turn our house
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Ibu pensiun 2 tahun yang lalu untuk mengubah rumah kami
03:09
into a school for girls and women in our neighborhood.
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menjadi sekolah bagi kaum perempuan di lingkungan kami.
03:14
And my father -- that's him --
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Dan ayah saya -- itu dia --
03:19
he was the first ever in his family to receive an education.
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adalah orang pertama di keluarganya yang mendapat pendidikan.
03:26
There was no question that his children
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Tidak perlu dipertanyakan lagi bahwa anak-anaknya
03:28
would receive an education, including his daughters,
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akan menerima pendidikan, termasuk putrinya,
03:33
despite the Taliban, despite the risks.
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walaupun beresiko, walaupun ada Taliban.
03:37
To him, there was greater risk in not educating his children.
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Bagi ayah, resiko jika putrinya tidak berpendidikan lebih besar lagi.
03:46
During Taliban years, I remember
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Saya ingat selama Taliban berkuasa
03:49
there were times I would get so frustrated by our life
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ada saat di mana saya benar-benar merasa frustrasi dan takut dalam hidup
03:54
and always being scared and not seeing a future.
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serta tidak dapat melihat masa depan.
03:58
I would want to quit,
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Saya ingin berhenti,
04:01
but my father,
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namun ayah saya
04:04
he would say,
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akan berkata,
04:06
"Listen, my daughter,
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"Dengar, anakku,
04:09
you can lose everything you own in your life.
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kau bisa kehilangan semua yang kau miliki dalam hidup.
04:12
Your money can be stolen. You can be forced to leave your home during a war.
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Uangmu bisa dicuri. Kau bisa dipaksa untuk meninggalkan rumah selama perang.
04:16
But the one thing that will always remain with you
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Namun satu hal yang selalu akan bersamamu
04:19
is what is here,
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adalah apa yang ada di sini,
04:22
and if we have to sell our blood to pay your school fees,
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dan walaupun harus menjual darah kami untuk membayar uang sekolahmu,
04:27
we will.
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kami bersedia.
04:30
So do you still not want to continue?"
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Jadi apa kamu masih tidak ingin melanjutkannya?"
04:35
Today I am 22.
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Kini saya berusia 22 tahun.
04:39
I was raised in a country that has been destroyed
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Saya dibesarkan di negara yang telah hancur
04:41
by decades of war.
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karena perang selama puluhan tahun.
04:44
Fewer than six percent of women my age have made it beyond high school,
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Perempuan seusia saya yang menamatkan Sekolah Menengah Atas kurang dari 6 persen,
04:50
and had my family not been so committed to my education,
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dan jika keluarga saya tidak berkomitmen pada pendidikan,
04:52
I would be one of them.
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saya akan menjadi salah satunya.
04:55
Instead, I stand here a proud graduate of Middlebury College.
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Namun, kini saya berdiri sebagai lulusan dari Middelbury College.
05:00
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
05:10
When I returned to Afghanistan, my grandfather,
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Saat kembali ke Afganistan, kakek saya,
05:13
the one exiled from his home for daring to educate his daughters,
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orang yang diasingkan karena berani mendidik putrinya,
05:18
was among the first to congratulate me.
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menjadi salah satu orang pertama yang memberikan selamat.
05:21
He not only brags about my college degree,
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Dia tidak hanya menyombongkan gelar saya,
05:24
but also that I was the first woman,
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namun juga berkata bahwa saya adalah
05:26
and that I am the first woman
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perempuan pertama
05:28
to drive him through the streets of Kabul.
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yang menyetir mobil untuknya melalui jalanan kota Kabul.
05:31
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
05:36
My family believes in me.
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Keluarga saya percaya pada saya.
05:39
I dream big, but my family dreams even bigger for me.
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Saya memiliki mimpi yang besar, namun mimpi keluarga saya lebih besar lagi.
05:44
That's why I am a global ambassador for 10x10,
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Karena itulah saya menjadi duta global untuk 10x10,
05:49
a global campaign to educate women.
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sebuah kampanye global untuk mendidik perempuan.
05:51
That's why I cofounded SOLA,
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Karena itulah saya mendirikan SOLA,
05:54
the first and perhaps only boarding school
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sekolah berasrama pertama, dan mungkin satu-satunya
05:56
for girls in Afghanistan,
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bagi perempuan di Afganistan,
05:58
a country where it's still risky for girls to go to school.
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sebuah negara di mana masih beresiko bagi perempuan untuk bersekolah.
06:04
The exciting thing is that I see students at my school
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Hal yang menyenangkan adalah saya melihat siswa di sekolah saya
06:07
with ambition grabbing at opportunity.
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sangat ambisius dalam mengambil kesempatan.
06:13
And I see their parents and their fathers
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Dan saya melihat orang tua dan ayah mereka
06:16
who, like my own, advocate for them,
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yang, seperti ayah saya, mendukung mereka,
06:21
despite and even in the face of daunting opposition.
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walaupun menghadapi pertentangan yang menakutkan.
06:30
Like Ahmed. That's not his real name,
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Seperti Ahmed, bukan nama sebenarnya,
06:32
and I cannot show you his face,
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dan saya tidak dapat menunjukkan wajahnya,
06:35
but Ahmed is the father of one of my students.
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namun Ahmed adalah ayah dari salah seorang siswa saya.
06:38
Less than a month ago, he and his daughter
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Kurang dari satu bulan yang lalu, dia dan putrinya
06:42
were on their way from SOLA to their village,
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sedang dalam perjalanan dari SOLA ke desanya,
06:46
and they literally missed being killed
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dan mereka hampir terbunuh
06:52
by a roadside bomb by minutes.
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karena bom di jalanan.
06:57
As he arrived home, the phone rang,
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Saat dia tiba di rumah, teleponnya berbunyi
07:00
a voice warning him
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dan ada yang mengancamnya
07:03
that if he sent his daughter back to school,
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bahwa jika dia mengirimkan putrinya ke sekolah kembali
07:06
they would try again.
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mereka akan mencoba membunuhnya lagi.
07:09
"Kill me now, if you wish," he said,
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"Bunuh saya sekarang, jika kau mau," katanya,
07:13
"but I will not ruin my daughter's future
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"namun saya tidak akan menghancurkan masa depan putri saya
07:17
because of your old and backward ideas."
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karena pikiranmu yang kuno dan terbelakang."
07:22
What I've come to realize about Afghanistan,
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Apa yang saya sadari tentang Afganistan
07:24
and this is something that is often dismissed in the West,
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dan hal ini sering ditepis oleh dunia barat
07:28
that behind most of us who succeed
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yaitu di belakang kebanyakan dari kami yang sukses
07:31
is a father who recognizes the value in his daughter
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ada seorang ayah, yang mengakui putrinya sangat berharga
07:38
and who sees that her success is his success.
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dan melihat sukses putrinya juga merupakan suksesnya.
07:43
It's not to say that our mothers aren't key in our success.
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Kami tidak mengatakan bahwa ibu kami tidak menjadi kunci kesuksesan kami.
07:47
In fact, they're often the initial and convincing negotiators
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Sebenarnya mereka sering menjadi juru runding pertama yang meyakinkan
07:51
of a bright future for their daughters,
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akan masa depan putri mereka yang cerah,
07:55
but in the context of a society like in Afghanistan,
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namun dalam konteks masyarakat seperti di Afganistan,
07:58
we must have the support of men.
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kami harus mendapat dukungan dari kaum pria.
08:02
Under the Taliban, girls who went to school
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Di bawah Taliban, perempuan yang pergi bersekolah
08:05
numbered in the hundreds --
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yang jumlahnya ratusan --
08:07
remember, it was illegal.
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ingat, ini perbuatan terlarang.
08:09
But today, more than three million girls are in school in Afghanistan.
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Namun kini lebih dari 3 juta perempuan di Afganistan pergi bersekolah.
08:15
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
08:22
Afghanistan looks so different from here in America.
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Afganistan terlihat sangat berbeda dari Amerika.
08:28
I find that Americans see the fragility in changes.
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Saya melihat orang Amerika melihat kelemahan dalam perubahan,
08:33
I fear that these changes will not last
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saya khawatir perubahan ini tidak akan berlangsung
08:36
much beyond the U.S. troops' withdrawal.
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setelah penarikan mundur pasukan Amerika.
08:41
But when I am back in Afghanistan,
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Namun saat saya kembali ke Afganistan,
08:44
when I see the students in my school
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saat saya melihat para siswa di sekolah saya
08:49
and their parents who advocate for them,
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bersama orang tua yang sangat mendukung mereka,
08:52
who encourage them, I see a promising future
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yang mendorong mereka, saya melihat masa depan yang menjanjikan
08:56
and lasting change.
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dan perubahan yang abadi.
09:00
To me, Afghanistan is a country of hope and boundless possibilities,
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Bagi saya, Afganistan adalah negara yang penuh dengan harapan dan kesempatan
09:08
and every single day
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dan setiap harinya
09:11
the girls of SOLA remind me of that.
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para siswa di SOLA mengingatkan saya akan hal itu.
09:15
Like me, they are dreaming big.
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Sama seperti saya, mereka memiliki miimpi yang besar.
09:18
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
09:20
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shabana Basij-Rasikh - EducatorShabana Basij-Rasikh helps girls and young women in Afghanistan get an education.
Why you should listen
Shabana Basij-Rasikh was born and raised in Kabul, Afghanistan. Under the Taliban, she dressed as a boy to escort her older sister to a secret school -- with dire consequences if they were caught. She attended a high school in America under the YES exchange program, and graduated from Middlebury College in Vermont. During college, she founded HELA, a nonprofit organization dedicated to empowering Afghan women through education. She also raised funds through foundations and public talks across the US to build a high school for girls in her ancestral village, and to build wells on the outskirts of Kabul to give communities access to clean drinking water.
An enthusiast of systemic change and community impact, Basij-Rasikh was selected as one of Glamour's Top 10 College Women of 2010, and was awarded the Vermont Campus Compact 2011 Kunin Public Award for outstanding public service, effective leadership and community-building. Now, Shabana has joined 10×10 as a Global Ambassador, supporting a global action campaign that links nonprofits, corporations, philanthropists, policy leaders, global influencers and grassroots activists in a movement to support girls’ education. She is managing director of SOLA (School of Leadership, Afghanistan), a nonprofit that helps exceptional young Afghan women access education worldwide and jobs back home.
Shabana Basij-Rasikh | Speaker | TED.com