TEDxWomen 2012
Shabana Basij-Rasikh: Dare to educate Afghan girls
Shabana Basij-Rasikh: Drznite si izobraziti dekleta v Afganistanu
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Predstavljajte si državo, v kateri se morajo dekleta tihotapiti, da bi šle v šolo, in kjer je življenjsko nevarno, če jih ujamejo pri učenju. Takšen je bil Afganistan pod oblastjo Talibanov in sledi te nevarnosti obstajajo še danes. 22-letna Shabana Basij-Rasikh vodi v Afganistanu šolo za dekleta. V čast odločitvi družine, da verjame v soje hčere, pove zgodbo o pogumnem očetu, ki se je postavil po robu lokalnim grožnjam. (Posneto na TEDxWomen)
Shabana Basij-Rasikh - Educator
Shabana Basij-Rasikh helps girls and young women in Afghanistan get an education. Full bio
Shabana Basij-Rasikh helps girls and young women in Afghanistan get an education. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
When I was 11,
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Ko mi je bilo 11 let,
00:18
I remember waking up one morning to the sound of joy in my house.
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se spomnim, da sem se nekega jutra prebudila
in v hiši se je slišalo zvoke veselja.
in v hiši se je slišalo zvoke veselja.
00:22
My father was listening to BBC News
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Moj oče je poslušal novice na BBC-ju
00:25
on his small, gray radio.
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na svojem malem sivem radiu.
00:29
There was a big smile on his face which was unusual then,
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Na njegovem obrazu je bil širok nasmeh,
kar je bilo za tisti čas nenavadno,
kar je bilo za tisti čas nenavadno,
00:32
because the news mostly depressed him.
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saj so ga novice po navadi potrle.
00:36
"The Taliban are gone!" my father shouted.
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"Talibanov ni več!" je zaklical.
00:41
I didn't know what it meant,
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Nisem vedela, kaj to pomeni,
00:43
but I could see that my father was very, very happy.
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a videla sem, da je bil moj oče izjemno srečen.
00:49
"You can go to a real school now," he said.
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Rekel je: "Zdaj greš lahko v pravo šolo."
00:57
A morning that I will never forget.
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Tega jutra ne bom nikoli pozabila.
01:02
A real school.
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V pravo šolo.
01:07
You see, I was six when the Taliban took over Afghanistan
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Ko so Talibani zavzeli Afganistan, sem bila stara šest.
01:10
and made it illegal for girls to go to school.
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Dekleta po njihovem zakonu niso smela hoditi v šolo.
01:14
So for the next five years, I dressed as a boy
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Nadaljnjih pet let sem oblečena kot fant
01:17
to escort my older sister, who was no longer allowed
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svojo starejšo sestro, ki ni več smela
01:20
to be outside alone, to a secret school.
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ven sama, spremljala v skrivno šolo.
01:25
It was the only way we both could be educated.
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Le tako sva lahko obe prišli do izobrazbe.
01:30
Each day, we took a different route
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Vsak dan sva šli po drugi poti,
01:33
so that no one would suspect where we were going.
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da ne bi nihče posumil, kam greva.
01:37
We would cover our books in grocery bags
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Svoje knjige sva skrili v nakupovalne vrečke,
01:39
so it would seem we were just out shopping.
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da bi bilo videti, kot da sva šli le po nakupih.
01:45
The school was in a house,
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Šola je bila v hiši
01:48
more than 100 of us packed in one small living room.
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in več kot 100 se nas je drenjalo v eni majhni dnevni sobi.
01:53
It was cozy in winter but extremely hot in summer.
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Pozimi je bilo prijetno, a neverjetno vroče poleti.
01:59
We all knew we were risking our lives --
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Vsi smo vedeli, da tvegamo svoje življenje:
02:02
the teacher, the students and our parents.
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učiteljica, učenci in naši starši.
02:06
From time to time, the school would suddenly be canceled
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Vsake toliko, je pouk bil odpovedan
02:08
for a week because Taliban were suspicious.
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za en teden, ker so bili Talibani sumničavi.
02:12
We always wondered what they knew about us.
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Vedno smo se spraševali, kaj vedo o nas.
02:15
Were we being followed?
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Ali nam sledijo?
02:18
Do they know where we live?
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Ali vedo, kje živimo?
02:22
We were scared,
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Bilo nas je strah,
02:24
but still, school was where we wanted to be.
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a smo vseeno želeli biti v šoli.
02:31
I was very lucky to grow up in a family
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Imela sem srečo, da sem odrasla v družini,
02:35
where education was prized and daughters were treasured.
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v kateri so bile izobrazba pomembna in hčere cenjene.
02:41
My grandfather was an extraordinary man for his time.
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Moj ded je bil za svoj čas neverjeten človek.
02:46
A total maverick from a remote province of Afghanistan,
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Bil je upornik iz osamljene province Afganistana
02:50
he insisted that his daughter, my mom,
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in vztrajal je, da bo njegova hči, moja mama,
02:53
go to school, and for that he was disowned by his father.
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hodila v šolo. Zaradi tega ga je njegov oče razdedinil.
03:00
But my educated mother became a teacher.
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A moja izobražena mama je postala učiteljica.
03:03
There she is.
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To je ona.
03:06
She retired two years ago, only to turn our house
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Pred dvema letoma se je upokojila in našo hišo spremenila
03:09
into a school for girls and women in our neighborhood.
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v šolo za dekleta in ženske v naši soseski.
03:14
And my father -- that's him --
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Moj oče pa -- to je on --
03:19
he was the first ever in his family to receive an education.
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je bil prvi v družini, ki si je pridobil izobrazbo.
03:26
There was no question that his children
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Ni bilo dvoma, da bodo njegovi otroci
03:28
would receive an education, including his daughters,
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izobraženi, kar je vključevalo tudi njegove hčere.
03:33
despite the Taliban, despite the risks.
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Kljub Talibanom, kljub tveganju.
03:37
To him, there was greater risk in not educating his children.
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Zanj je bilo večje tveganje,
da njegovi otroci ne bi bili izobraženi.
da njegovi otroci ne bi bili izobraženi.
03:46
During Taliban years, I remember
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Med leti Talibanov se spomnim,
03:49
there were times I would get so frustrated by our life
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da me je občasno spravljalo ob živce naše življenje,
03:54
and always being scared and not seeing a future.
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to, da me je vedno bilo strah ter da nisem videla prihodnosti.
03:58
I would want to quit,
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Hotela sem prenehati,
04:01
but my father,
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a moj oče
04:04
he would say,
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je dejal:
04:06
"Listen, my daughter,
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"Poslušaj, hči moja,
04:09
you can lose everything you own in your life.
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v življenju lahko zgubiš vse, kar imaš.
04:12
Your money can be stolen. You can be forced to leave your home during a war.
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Denar ti lahko ukradejo.
Lahko si prisiljen zapustiti dom med vojno.
Lahko si prisiljen zapustiti dom med vojno.
04:16
But the one thing that will always remain with you
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A s teboj vedno ostane,
04:19
is what is here,
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kar imaš tukaj.
04:22
and if we have to sell our blood to pay your school fees,
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Če bomo morali prodati svojo kri, da bi plačali šolnino,
04:27
we will.
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jo bomo.
04:30
So do you still not want to continue?"
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Ali še vedno želiš odnehati?"
04:35
Today I am 22.
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Danes sem stara 22 let.
04:39
I was raised in a country that has been destroyed
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Odrasla sem v državi, ki so jo uničila
04:41
by decades of war.
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desetletja vojn.
04:44
Fewer than six percent of women my age have made it beyond high school,
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Manj kot šest odstotkov žensk moje starosti
ima narejeno več kot srednjo šolo
ima narejeno več kot srednjo šolo
04:50
and had my family not been so committed to my education,
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in, če moja družina ne bi bila
tako predana moji izobrazbi,
tako predana moji izobrazbi,
04:52
I would be one of them.
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bi bila ena izmed njih.
04:55
Instead, I stand here a proud graduate of Middlebury College.
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Namesto tega sem ponosna diplomantka kolidža Middlebury.
05:00
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
05:10
When I returned to Afghanistan, my grandfather,
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Ko sem se vrnila v Afganistan, je bil moj ded,
05:13
the one exiled from his home for daring to educate his daughters,
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ki so ga, ker si je drznil izobraziti svoje hčere, izgnali,
05:18
was among the first to congratulate me.
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prvi, ki mi je čestital.
05:21
He not only brags about my college degree,
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Ne le, da se hvali z mojo diplomo,
05:24
but also that I was the first woman,
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ampak tudi s tem, da sem bila prva ženska
05:26
and that I am the first woman
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in sem prva ženska,
05:28
to drive him through the streets of Kabul.
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ki ga je peljala po ulicah Kabula z avtomobilom.
05:31
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
05:36
My family believes in me.
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Moj družina verjame vame.
05:39
I dream big, but my family dreams even bigger for me.
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Moje sanje so velike, a sanje moje družine so še večje.
05:44
That's why I am a global ambassador for 10x10,
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Zato sem svetovna ambasadorka za 10x10,
05:49
a global campaign to educate women.
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kar je globalna kampanja za izobraževanje žensk.
05:51
That's why I cofounded SOLA,
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Zato sem tudi soustanovila ustanovo SOLA,
05:54
the first and perhaps only boarding school
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ki je prvi in verjetno edini internat
05:56
for girls in Afghanistan,
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za dekleta v Afganistanu,
05:58
a country where it's still risky for girls to go to school.
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v državi, kjer je za dekleta
še vedno nevarno hoditi v šolo.
še vedno nevarno hoditi v šolo.
06:04
The exciting thing is that I see students at my school
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Vznemirljivo je, da vidim, da so učenci na moji šoli
06:07
with ambition grabbing at opportunity.
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ambiciozni, ko zgrabijo priložnost.
06:13
And I see their parents and their fathers
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Vidim, kako njihovi straši,
06:16
who, like my own, advocate for them,
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ki se kot moji borijo zanje,
06:21
despite and even in the face of daunting opposition.
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tudi ko se soočijo z neomajnim nasprotovanjem.
06:30
Like Ahmed. That's not his real name,
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Kot Ahmed. To ni njegovo pravo ime
06:32
and I cannot show you his face,
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in ne smem vam pokazati njegovega obraza,
06:35
but Ahmed is the father of one of my students.
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a Ahmed je oče ene izmed mojih učenk.
06:38
Less than a month ago, he and his daughter
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Manj kot mesec nazaj sta on in njegova hči
06:42
were on their way from SOLA to their village,
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bila na poti od SOLE do svoje vasi.
06:46
and they literally missed being killed
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Če bi bila nekaj minut hitrejša,
06:52
by a roadside bomb by minutes.
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bi ju ubila bomba ob cesti.
06:57
As he arrived home, the phone rang,
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Ko sta prispela domov, je zazvonil telefon
07:00
a voice warning him
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in nekdo ga je posvaril,
07:03
that if he sent his daughter back to school,
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da bodo, če bo svojo hči poslal nazaj v šolo,
07:06
they would try again.
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poskusili še enkrat.
07:09
"Kill me now, if you wish," he said,
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Rekel je: "Če želite, me ubijte zdaj,
07:13
"but I will not ruin my daughter's future
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ker ne bom uničil prihodnosti svoje hčere
07:17
because of your old and backward ideas."
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zaradi vaših starih in nazadnjaških idej."
07:22
What I've come to realize about Afghanistan,
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O Afganistanu sem spoznala nekaj,
07:24
and this is something that is often dismissed in the West,
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kar pogosto spregledajo na Zahodu.
07:28
that behind most of us who succeed
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To je, da za večino tistih, ki nam uspe,
07:31
is a father who recognizes the value in his daughter
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stoji oče, ki prepozna vrednost svoje hčere
07:38
and who sees that her success is his success.
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in ki vidi, da je njen uspeh tudi njegov uspeh.
07:43
It's not to say that our mothers aren't key in our success.
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To ne pomeni, da matere
niso ključnega pomena pri našem uspehu.
niso ključnega pomena pri našem uspehu.
07:47
In fact, they're often the initial and convincing negotiators
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Pravzaprav so pogosto začetni in prepričljivi pogajalci
07:51
of a bright future for their daughters,
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za svetlo prihodnost svojih hčera,
07:55
but in the context of a society like in Afghanistan,
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a v socialnem kontekstu, kot je ta v Afganistanu,
07:58
we must have the support of men.
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potrebujemo podporo moških.
08:02
Under the Taliban, girls who went to school
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Pod oblastjo Talibanov, je bilo deklet, ki so hodile v šolo,
08:05
numbered in the hundreds --
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na stotine --
08:07
remember, it was illegal.
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spominjam vas, da je bilo to nezakonito.
08:09
But today, more than three million girls are in school in Afghanistan.
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Danes pa je v Afganistanu v šoli več kot trije milijoni deklet.
08:15
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
08:22
Afghanistan looks so different from here in America.
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Afganistan je videti tako drugačen iz Amerike.
08:28
I find that Americans see the fragility in changes.
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Opažam, da se Američanom te spremembe zdijo krhke.
08:33
I fear that these changes will not last
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Bojim se, da te spremembe ne bodo trajne
08:36
much beyond the U.S. troops' withdrawal.
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po odhodu ameriške vojske.
08:41
But when I am back in Afghanistan,
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Pa vendar, ko sem v Afganistanu
08:44
when I see the students in my school
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in v svoji šoli vidim učenke
08:49
and their parents who advocate for them,
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in njihove starše, ki se borijo zanje,
08:52
who encourage them, I see a promising future
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ki jih spodbujajo, vidim obetavno prihodnost
08:56
and lasting change.
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in trajne spremembe.
09:00
To me, Afghanistan is a country of hope and boundless possibilities,
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Zame je Afganistan dežela upanja in neštetih možnosti,
09:08
and every single day
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in na to me vsak dan
09:11
the girls of SOLA remind me of that.
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spominjajo dekleta v SOLI.
09:15
Like me, they are dreaming big.
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Tako kot jaz imajo tudi one velike sanje.
09:18
Thank you.
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Hvala.
09:20
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shabana Basij-Rasikh - EducatorShabana Basij-Rasikh helps girls and young women in Afghanistan get an education.
Why you should listen
Shabana Basij-Rasikh was born and raised in Kabul, Afghanistan. Under the Taliban, she dressed as a boy to escort her older sister to a secret school -- with dire consequences if they were caught. She attended a high school in America under the YES exchange program, and graduated from Middlebury College in Vermont. During college, she founded HELA, a nonprofit organization dedicated to empowering Afghan women through education. She also raised funds through foundations and public talks across the US to build a high school for girls in her ancestral village, and to build wells on the outskirts of Kabul to give communities access to clean drinking water.
An enthusiast of systemic change and community impact, Basij-Rasikh was selected as one of Glamour's Top 10 College Women of 2010, and was awarded the Vermont Campus Compact 2011 Kunin Public Award for outstanding public service, effective leadership and community-building. Now, Shabana has joined 10×10 as a Global Ambassador, supporting a global action campaign that links nonprofits, corporations, philanthropists, policy leaders, global influencers and grassroots activists in a movement to support girls’ education. She is managing director of SOLA (School of Leadership, Afghanistan), a nonprofit that helps exceptional young Afghan women access education worldwide and jobs back home.
Shabana Basij-Rasikh | Speaker | TED.com