TED2009
Aimee Mullins: My 12 pairs of legs
Aimee Mullins dan 12 pasang kakinya
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Aimee Mullins, seorang pelakon dan aktivis memberi ucapan tentang kaki palsunya - beliau mempunyai sedozen pasang kaki yang menakjubkan - dan kuasa luar biasa yang kaki-kaki palsu memberikannya: kelajuan, kecantikan, 6 inci ketinggian tambahan. Secara ringkas, Aimee mendefinasikan badan manusia.
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actor
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics. Full bio
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I was speaking to a group of about 300 kids,
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Dalam satu ucapan saya kepada 300 kanak-kanak,
00:15
ages six to eight, at a children's museum,
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yang berusia enam hingga lapan tahun di satu muzium,
00:17
and I brought with me a bag full of legs,
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saya membawa satu beg yang dipenuhi kaki-kaki,
00:21
similar to the kinds of things you see up here,
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sama seperti yang anda lihat di sini,
00:23
and had them laid out on a table for the kids.
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Saya meletakkannya di atas meja, untuk kanak-kanak ini.
00:25
And, from my experience, you know, kids are naturally curious
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Dari pengalaman saya, kanak-kanak ini biasanya ingin tahu
00:29
about what they don't know, or don't understand,
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mengenai apa yang mereka tidak tahu, dan tidak faham,
00:31
or is foreign to them.
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atau yang janggal kepada mereka.
00:33
They only learn to be frightened of those differences
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Mereka hanya berasa takut kepada kelainan
00:35
when an adult influences them to behave that way,
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apabila orang dewasa mempengaruhi mereka supaya mereka berasa takut,
00:38
and maybe censors that natural curiosity,
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dan mungkin menyekat rasa ingin tahu itu,
00:41
or you know, reins in the question-asking
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ataupun, mengawal temubual
00:44
in the hopes of them being polite little kids.
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supaya mereka menjadi kanak-kanak yang bersopan.
00:46
So I just pictured a first grade teacher out in the lobby
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Jadi, saya membayangkan seorang cikgu sekolah rendah tahun satu di lobi,
00:50
with these unruly kids, saying, "Now, whatever you do,
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dengan kanak-kanak yang nakal, berkata, " Sekarang, walau apa pun yang kamu lakukan,
00:53
don't stare at her legs."
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jangan merenung kaki-kakinya."
00:55
But, of course, that's the point.
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Tetapi, itulah pokoknya.
00:57
That's why I was there, I wanted to invite them to look and explore.
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Itulah sebab saya berada di sana, saya mahu mereka lihat and berfikir.
01:00
So I made a deal with the adults
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Jadi, saya dapat persetujuan dengan orang dewasa (cikgu)
01:04
that the kids could come in without any adults for two minutes
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bahawa kanak-kanak dibenarkan masuk ke dewan ini, tanpa orang dewasa, selama dua minit,
01:07
on their own.
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bersendirian.
01:09
The doors open, the kids descend on this table of legs,
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Apabila pintu-pintu dibuka, mereka medekati meja di mana kaki-kaki ini diletakkan,
01:13
and they are poking and prodding, and they're wiggling toes,
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kemudian mereka tekan-tekan, dan mereka goyang-goyang jari-jari kaki,
01:16
and they're trying to put their full weight on the sprinting leg
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dan mereka juga meletakkan segala keberatan mereka ke atas 'kaki lari pecut'.
01:18
to see what happens with that.
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kerana mereka ingin tahu akibatnya.
01:20
And I said, "Kids, really quickly --
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Kemudian, saya berkata, " Adik-adik, --
01:22
I woke up this morning, I decided I wanted to be able to jump over a house --
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pagi ini, selepas saya bangun dari tidur, saya memutuskan bahawa saya hendak melompat dari atas rumah --
01:26
nothing too big, two or three stories --
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bukan rumah yang terlalu besar, dua atau tiga tingkat --
01:28
but, if you could think of any animal, any superhero, any cartoon character,
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tetapi, jika anda boleh memikirkan sesuatu binatang atau watak superhero atau watak kartun,
01:33
anything you can dream up right now,
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apa-apa saja yang kamu boleh bayangkan sekarang,
01:35
what kind of legs would you build me?"
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apakah jenis kaki anda akan bina dan berikan kepada saya?
01:37
And immediately a voice shouted, "Kangaroo!"
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Dengan cepat, suatu jeritan "Kanggaru !"
01:40
"No, no, no! Should be a frog!"
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"Bukan, bukan ! Sepatutnya seekor katak!"
01:42
"No. It should be Go Go Gadget!"
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"Bukan, bukan ! Sepatutnya Go Go Gadget!"
01:44
"No, no, no! It should be the Incredibles."
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"Bukan, bukan ! Sepatutnya The Incredibles!"
01:46
And other things that I don't -- aren't familiar with.
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Dan macam-macam yang saya tidak mengerti.
01:49
And then, one eight-year-old said,
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Lepas itu, seorang budak berusia lapan tahun berkata,
01:51
"Hey, why wouldn't you want to fly too?"
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"Hey, mengapa kamu tak mahu terbang?"
01:56
And the whole room, including me, was like, "Yeah."
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Seluruh dewan, termasuk saya bercakap, "Ya"
01:59
(Laughter)
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(Gelak ketawa)
02:01
And just like that, I went from being a woman
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Dengan begitu saja, saya bertukar dari seorang wanita
02:04
that these kids would have been trained to see as "disabled"
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yang kanak-kanak ini diberitahu sebagai seorang 'cacat'
02:08
to somebody that had potential that their bodies didn't have yet.
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ke seorang yang berpotensi hebat.
02:13
Somebody that might even be super-abled.
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Seorang yang mungkin mempunyai kebolehan luar biasa.
02:15
Interesting.
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Menarik.
02:17
So some of you actually saw me at TED, 11 years ago.
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Anda mungkin sudah lihat saya di TED, 11 tahun yang lalu,
02:22
And there's been a lot of talk about how life-changing this conference is
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dan ada banyak topik tentang bertapa mengubah-hidupnya persidangan TED ini
02:26
for both speakers and attendees, and I am no exception.
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untuk penceramah dan perserta yang hadir, saya tidak terkecuali.
02:30
TED literally was the launch pad to the next decade of my life's exploration.
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TED sesungguhnya adalah titik perlancaran ke dekad selanjutnya dalam perjalanan hidup saya.
02:36
At the time, the legs I presented were groundbreaking in prosthetics.
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Sewaktu itu, kaki-kaki yang saya perlihatkan adalah sangat terkini.
02:41
I had woven carbon fiber sprinting legs
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Saya mempunyai kaki-kaki gentian karbon untuk lari pecut,
02:43
modeled after the hind leg of a cheetah,
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yang diilhamkan dari kaki belakang harimau bintang,
02:45
which you may have seen on stage yesterday.
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yang mungkin anda lihat di pentas ini semalam.
02:47
And also these very life-like, intrinsically painted silicone legs.
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Kaki-kaki palsu ini juga kelihatan seperti asli, yang dicatkan dengan silika.
02:53
So at the time, it was my opportunity to put a call out
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Waktu itu merupakan peluang saya untuk mencabar
02:57
to innovators outside the traditional medical prosthetic community
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pencipta-pencipta diluar komuniti perubatan kaki tangan palsu
03:01
to come bring their talent to the science and to the art
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untuk datang dan membawa bakat mereka ke dunia sains dan seni
03:05
of building legs.
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binaan kaki-kaki palsu.
03:07
So that we can stop compartmentalizing form, function and aesthetic,
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Supaya kita boleh berhenti mengasingkan rupa, fungsi dan estetika,
03:12
and assigning them different values.
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dan memberikan mereka nilai-nilai yang berlainan.
03:14
Well, lucky for me, a lot of people answered that call.
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Saya bernasib baik, ramai orang menyahut cabaran saya itu.
03:18
And the journey started, funny enough, with a TED conference attendee --
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Dan lucunya perjalanan saya bermula dengan seorang perserta persidangan TED --
03:23
Chee Pearlman, who hopefully is in the audience somewhere today.
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Chee Pearlman, yang saya harap ada di sini.
03:26
She was the editor then of a magazine called ID,
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Beliau adalah editor majalah ID pada masa itu,
03:29
and she gave me a cover story.
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dan beliau menulis mengenai saya di muka hadapan.
03:32
This started an incredible journey.
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Ia adalah permulaan kepada suatu perjalanan yang luar biasa.
03:35
Curious encounters were happening to me at the time;
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Saya bertemu dengan mereka-mereka yang ingin tahu pada masa itu;
03:37
I'd been accepting numerous invitations to speak
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Saya pernah terima pelbagai jemputan untuk berucap
03:40
on the design of the cheetah legs around the world.
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mengenai rekabentuk kaki harimau bintang di seluruh dunia.
03:43
And people would come up to me after the conference, after my talk,
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Selepas berucap, ramai orang datang bercakap dengan saya,
03:46
men and women.
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lelaki dan wanita
03:48
And the conversation would go something like this,
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Perbualan tersebut biasanya macam ini,
03:50
"You know Aimee, you're very attractive.
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"Aimee, anda amat cantik.
03:54
You don't look disabled."
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.Anda tidak kelihatan cacat."
03:56
(Laughter)
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(Gelak ketawa)
03:57
I thought, "Well, that's amazing,
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Saya fikir, " Baguslah,
03:59
because I don't feel disabled."
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sebab saya tidak rasa cacat."
04:01
And it really opened my eyes to this conversation
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Dan ini telah membuka mata saya kepada perbualan ini
04:06
that could be explored, about beauty.
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yang boleh dikaji, tentang kecantikan.
04:08
What does a beautiful woman have to look like?
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Bagaimana seorang wanita cantik perlu kelihatan?
04:11
What is a sexy body?
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Apakah badan yang seksi?
04:13
And interestingly, from an identity standpoint,
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Yang menariknya, dari sudut identiti,
04:15
what does it mean to have a disability?
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apakah makna kecacatan?
04:18
I mean, people -- Pamela Anderson has more prosthetic in her body than I do.
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Maksud saya -- Pamela Anderson ada lebih banyak bahagian badan palsu di dalam badannya.
04:21
Nobody calls her disabled.
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Tetapi tak ada orang panggil dia cacat.
04:23
(Laughter)
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(Gelak ketawa)
04:29
So this magazine, through the hands of graphic designer Peter Saville,
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Jadi majalah ini, melalui tangan pereka grafik Peter Saville,
04:33
went to fashion designer Alexander McQueen, and photographer Nick Knight,
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menemui pereka fesyen Alexander McQueen, and jurugambar Nick Knight,
04:38
who were also interested in exploring that conversation.
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yang juga ingin mengkaji perbualan tersebut.
04:40
So, three months after TED I found myself on a plane
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Jadi, tiga bulan selepas TED, saya menaiki kapal terbang
04:43
to London, doing my first fashion shoot,
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ke London, untuk membuat penggambaran fesyen pertama saya,
04:48
which resulted in this cover --
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yang anda boleh lihat di muka depan majalah ini --
04:49
"Fashion-able"?
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"Fashion-able"?
04:52
Three months after that, I did my first runway show for Alexander McQueen
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Tiga bulan kemudian, saya memperaga untuk Alexander McQueen
04:56
on a pair of hand-carved wooden legs made from solid ash.
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dengan memakai sepasang kaki kayu ukiran tangan dibuat daripada padatan abu.
05:01
Nobody knew -- everyone thought they were wooden boots.
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Tidak yang tahu - semua orang ingat kaki palsu ini adalah kasut kayu.
05:04
Actually, I have them on stage with me:
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Sebenarnya, saya telah membawa kaki palsu tersebut di pentas ini:
05:07
grapevines, magnolias -- truly stunning.
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Anggur-anggur, magnolia-magnolia -- memang menakjubkan.
05:12
Poetry matters.
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Hal-hal puisi.
05:15
Poetry is what elevates the banal and neglected object
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Puisi berpotensi mengangkat perkara-perkara yang membosankan dan diabaikan
05:20
to a realm of art.
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ke dunia seni.
05:22
It can transform the thing that might have made people fearful
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Ia boleh mengubah benda-benda yang menakutkan orang
05:28
into something that invites them to look,
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kepada sesuatu yang menarik perhatian mereka,
05:30
and look a little longer,
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untuk melihat dengan lebih lama,
05:33
and maybe even understand.
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dan mungkin memahami.
05:35
I learned this firsthand with my next adventure.
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Saya mempelajari sendiri dari cabaran saya yang seterusnya.
05:39
The artist Matthew Barney, in his film opus called the "The Cremaster Cycle."
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Artis Matthew Barney, dalam filem beliau yang bernama "The Cremaster Cycle."
05:43
This is where it really hit home for me --
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Waktu inilah timbulnya kesedaran
05:46
that my legs could be wearable sculpture.
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bahawa kaki-kaki palsu saya adalah ukiran yang boleh dipakai.
05:48
And even at this point, I started to move away from the need to replicate human-ness
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Dan pada saat ini, saya mula beralih dari keperluan untuk meniru kemanusian
05:55
as the only aesthetic ideal.
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sebagai satu-satunya estetika yang ideal.
05:57
So we made what people lovingly referred to as glass legs
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Jadi, kami hasilkan apa yang orang panggil kaki kaca
06:01
even though they're actually optically clear polyurethane,
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walaupun ianya adalah polyurethane yang lutsinar,
06:05
a.k.a. bowling ball material.
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juga dikenali sebagai bahan bola boling
06:07
Heavy!
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Beratnya!
06:08
Then we made these legs that are cast in soil
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Kemudian, kami menghasilkan kaki-kaki yang dibentuk dibawah tanah
06:10
with a potato root system growing in them, and beetroots out the top,
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dengan tanaman ubi kayu yang tumbuh di dalam, and ubi bit diatas
06:14
and a very lovely brass toe.
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dan jari kaki kekuningan yang cantik.
06:16
That's a good close-up of that one.
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Itu adalah gambar lebih dekat tentangnya.
06:18
Then another character was a half-woman, half-cheetah --
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Kemudian, satu lagi watak adalah separuh-wanita, separuh harimau bintang --
06:20
a little homage to my life as an athlete.
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sedikit penghormatan kepada kehidupan saya sebagai seorang atlit.
06:22
14 hours of prosthetic make-up
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solekan prostetik selama 14 jam
06:25
to get into a creature that had articulated paws,
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untuk menyerupai mahluk yang mempunyai cakar,
06:29
claws and a tail that whipped around,
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kuku dan ekor yang bergerak-gerak,
06:33
like a gecko.
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semacam tokek.
06:35
(Laughter)
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(Gelak ketawa)
06:37
And then another pair of legs we collaborated on were these --
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Dan kemudian sepasang kaki yang kami hasilkan adalah ...
06:41
look like jellyfish legs,
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kelihatan kaki-kaki ubur-ubur.
06:43
also polyurethane.
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juga polyurethane.
06:45
And the only purpose that these legs can serve,
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Dan satu-satunya tujuan kaki-kaki ini,
06:48
outside the context of the film,
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diluar konteks filem ini,
06:51
is to provoke the senses and ignite the imagination.
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adalah merangsang pancaindra dan menghidupkan imaginasi.
06:54
So whimsy matters.
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Jadi, keinginanan adalah sangat penting.
06:57
Today, I have over a dozen pair of prosthetic legs
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Hari ni, saya mempunyai duabelas pasang kaki-kaki palsu
07:03
that various people have made for me,
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yang dibuat oleh pelbagai orang untuk saya,
07:05
and with them I have different negotiations of the terrain under my feet,
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dan dengan kaki-kaki ini, saya mampu berjalan di atas pelbagai bentuk muka bumi.
07:09
and I can change my height --
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dan, saya berupaya mengubah ketinggian saya --
07:11
I have a variable of five different heights.
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Saya mempunyai lima ketinggian yang berlainan.
07:13
(Laughter)
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(Gelak ketawa)
07:15
Today, I'm 6'1".
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Hari ni, ketinggian saya 6'1".
07:17
And I had these legs made a little over a year ago
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Saya mempunyai kaki-kaki ni sejak satu tahun dahulu
07:20
at Dorset Orthopedic in England
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di Dorset Orthopaedic di England
07:22
and when I brought them home to Manhattan,
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dan semasa saya membawanya pulang ke kediaman saya di Manhattan,
07:24
my first night out on the town, I went to a very fancy party.
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pada malam pertama saya ke satu jamuan yang sangat ranggi.
07:26
And a girl was there who has known me for years
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Dan seorang gadis yang saya kenali selama berberapa tahun
07:29
at my normal 5'8".
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dengan ketinggian biasa saya pada 5'8".
07:31
Her mouth dropped open when she saw me,
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Beliau terkejut apabila nampak saya,
07:33
and she went, "But you're so tall!"
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dan dia pun berkata, "Tingginya kamu!"
07:36
And I said, "I know. Isn't it fun?"
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Dan saya berkata, " Saya tahu. Bagus kan?"
07:38
I mean, it's a little bit like wearing stilts on stilts,
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Maksud saya, ia seperti memakai jangkungan atas jangkungan,
07:40
but I have an entirely new relationship to door jams
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tetapi saya ada pengalaman baru dengan ketinggian pintu-pintu
07:43
that I never expected I would ever have.
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yang tidak pernah saya jangkakan.
07:45
And I was having fun with it.
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Dan saya seronok dengan pengalaman baru ini.
07:48
And she looked at me,
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Kemudian, beliau merenung saya
07:50
and she said, "But, Aimee, that's not fair."
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dan berkata, " Tapi Aimee, ini tidak adil."
07:52
(Laughter)
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(Gelak ketawa)
07:55
(Applause)
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(Tepukan)
07:57
And the incredible thing was she really meant it.
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Yang menarik, beliau bukan sekadar berkata, beliau betul-betul maksudkannya.
08:01
It's not fair that you can change your height,
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Tidak adil kamu boleh mengubah ketinggian,
08:03
as you want it.
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sesuka hati kamu.
08:05
And that's when I knew --
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Pada masa itu saya tahu --
08:07
that's when I knew that the conversation with society
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bahawa perbualan saya dengan masyarakat
08:10
has changed profoundly
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sudah berubah secara mendadak
08:12
in this last decade.
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di dekad akhir ini.
08:14
It is no longer a conversation about overcoming deficiency.
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Ini sudah bukan satu perbualan tentang menhadapi kekurangan.
08:19
It's a conversation about augmentation.
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Ini adalah perbualan tentang kelebihan.
08:21
It's a conversation about potential.
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Ia satu perbualan tentang pontensi.
08:25
A prosthetic limb doesn't represent the need to replace loss anymore.
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Kaki ataupun tangan protestik tidak lagi mewakili keperluan untuk menggantikan kehilangan ataupun kerugian.
08:30
It can stand as a symbol that the wearer
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Ia juga boleh mewakili satu simbol dimana pemakai itu
08:33
has the power to create whatever it is that they want to create
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mempunyai keupayaan untuk membuat apa saja mereka ingini
08:36
in that space.
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di ruangan itu.
08:38
So people that society once considered to be disabled
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Jadi, orang-orang yang masyarakat lihat sebagai cacat
08:41
can now become the architects of their own identities
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kini, mereka boleh menjadi arkitek identiti mereka sendiri
08:46
and indeed continue to change those identities
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dan juga berterusan mengubah identiti-identiti tersebut
08:48
by designing their bodies
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melalui rekabentuk badan-badan mereka
08:50
from a place of empowerment.
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dari tempat pemberdayaan.
08:53
And what is exciting to me so much right now
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Apa yang begitu seronok untuk saya sekarang adalah
08:58
is that by combining cutting-edge technology --
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apabila kita menggabungkan teknologi terkini --
09:02
robotics, bionics --
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seperti robotiks, bioniks --
09:04
with the age-old poetry,
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dengan puisi yang lama,
09:06
we are moving closer to understanding our collective humanity.
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kita sedang mendekati pemahaman kemanusiaan kita.
09:12
I think that if we want to discover the full potential
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Saya berasa bahawa, jika kita ingin menemui potensi sepenuhnya
09:17
in our humanity,
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di kalangan kemanusiaan kita,
09:19
we need to celebrate those heartbreaking strengths
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kita harus meraikan kuasa yang begitu menakjubkan itu
09:23
and those glorious disabilities that we all have.
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dan kecacatan mulia yang kita punyai.
09:26
I think of Shakespeare's Shylock:
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Saya teringat kepada Shylock yang ditulis oleh Shakespeare:
09:29
"If you prick us, do we not bleed,
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"Jika anda tikam kami, tidak berdarah ke?,
09:33
and if you tickle us, do we not laugh?"
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dan jika kamu menggeletek kami, tidak ketawa ke?"
09:36
It is our humanity,
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Ia adalah sifat kemanusiaan kita,
09:39
and all the potential within it,
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dan semua pontensi di dalamnya,
09:41
that makes us beautiful.
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yang membuat kita cantik.
09:44
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
09:45
(Applause)
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(Tepukan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actorA record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics.
Why you should listen
Aimee Mullins was born without fibular bones, and had both of her legs amputated below the knee when she was an infant. She learned to walk on prosthetics, then to run -- competing at the national and international level as a champion sprinter, and setting world records at the 1996 Paralympics in Atlanta. At Georgetown, where she double-majored in history and diplomacy, she became the first double amputee to compete in NCAA Division 1 track and field.
After school, Mullins did some modeling -- including a legendary runway show for Alexander McQueen -- and then turned to acting, appearing as the Leopard Queen in Matthew Barney's Cremaster Cycle. In 2008 she was the official Ambassador for the Tribeca/ESPN Sports Film Festival.
She's a passionate advocate for a new kind of thinking about prosthetics, and recently mentioned to an interviewer that she's been looking closely at MIT's in-development powered robotic ankle, "which I fully plan on having."
Aimee Mullins | Speaker | TED.com