TED2009
Aimee Mullins: My 12 pairs of legs
艾美·穆琳斯和她的十二双义腿
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作为运动员、演员和社会活动家的艾美·穆琳斯谈起她的义腿——整整一打的双腿，以及它们给予她的超人能量：速度、魅力和6英寸的增高效果……很简单地，她重定义了身体的意义。
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actor
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics. Full bio
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I was speaking to a group of about 300 kids,
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我曾经和一群大约300人的六到八岁的孩子们
00:15
ages six to eight, at a children's museum,
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在儿童博物馆交谈
00:17
and I brought with me a bag full of legs,
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我随身带着一个装满义肢的包
00:21
similar to the kinds of things you see up here,
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和你们在这里所看到的相像
00:23
and had them laid out on a table for the kids.
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然后我把它们摆在一个桌子上，给孩子们看
00:25
And, from my experience, you know, kids are naturally curious
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从我的经验来看，要知道，孩子们天生对
00:29
about what they don't know, or don't understand,
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他们不知道、不明白
00:31
or is foreign to them.
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或者不熟悉的东西好奇。
00:33
They only learn to be frightened of those differences
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只有在成年人的影响下
00:35
when an adult influences them to behave that way,
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他们才会学会去害怕
00:38
and maybe censors that natural curiosity,
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与生俱来的好奇心就这样被抹杀
00:41
or you know, reins in the question-asking
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或者是约束孩子们问问题
00:44
in the hopes of them being polite little kids.
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好让他们做有礼貌的好孩子
00:46
So I just pictured a first grade teacher out in the lobby
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想象一下，大厅里一个一年级老师
00:50
with these unruly kids, saying, "Now, whatever you do,
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带着一群不守规矩的孩子，老师会说：”好啦，不管你干什么，
00:53
don't stare at her legs."
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就是别盯着她的腿看。“
00:55
But, of course, that's the point.
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但是，问题就在这儿
00:57
That's why I was there, I wanted to invite them to look and explore.
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我之所以会在那儿，就是想让孩子们观察和探索
01:00
So I made a deal with the adults
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所以我就和成年人达成了协议
01:04
that the kids could come in without any adults for two minutes
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让孩子们在们有成人陪伴下
01:07
on their own.
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自己待两分钟
01:09
The doors open, the kids descend on this table of legs,
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门打开后，孩子们俯身摆弄起义肢
01:13
and they are poking and prodding, and they're wiggling toes,
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他们这儿戳戳那儿碰碰，摇摇脚趾头
01:16
and they're trying to put their full weight on the sprinting leg
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还试着把整个身体压在短跑义肢上
01:18
to see what happens with that.
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看看会有什么反应
01:20
And I said, "Kids, really quickly --
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我说道：”孩子们，抓紧啊--
01:22
I woke up this morning, I decided I wanted to be able to jump over a house --
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我早上起来，一心想要能够一下子跳过比房子
01:26
nothing too big, two or three stories --
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没什么大不了的，不过两三层的高度
01:28
but, if you could think of any animal, any superhero, any cartoon character,
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但是，想想哪些动物、哪些超级英雄、那些卡通人物
01:33
anything you can dream up right now,
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你能想到的任何一个
01:35
what kind of legs would you build me?"
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你会给我造一副什么样的腿呢？“
01:37
And immediately a voice shouted, "Kangaroo!"
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立即有孩子答道：“袋鼠！”
01:40
"No, no, no! Should be a frog!"
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“不对，不对！应该是青蛙！”
01:42
"No. It should be Go Go Gadget!"
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“不对，应该是神探佳杰特（上世纪80年代动画人物）！”
01:44
"No, no, no! It should be the Incredibles."
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“不对，不对，都不对！应该是超人特工队（迪斯尼2004年出品动画电影）”
01:46
And other things that I don't -- aren't familiar with.
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还有其他一些我不太熟悉的
01:49
And then, one eight-year-old said,
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然后，一个8岁的孩子说道，
01:51
"Hey, why wouldn't you want to fly too?"
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“嗨，为什么你不想飞呢？”
01:56
And the whole room, including me, was like, "Yeah."
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所有在场的人，包括我，惊叹道“对啊”
01:59
(Laughter)
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（笑）
02:01
And just like that, I went from being a woman
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就这样，我从女人
02:04
that these kids would have been trained to see as "disabled"
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一个这些孩子被教育成看待的“残疾人”
02:08
to somebody that had potential that their bodies didn't have yet.
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到一个一个潜能尚待开发的人
02:13
Somebody that might even be super-abled.
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一个很有可能有超人能力的人
02:15
Interesting.
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很有趣吧
02:17
So some of you actually saw me at TED, 11 years ago.
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在座的有些人11年前在TED见过我
02:22
And there's been a lot of talk about how life-changing this conference is
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当时人们热烈讨论这个会议是如何如何改变人生
02:26
for both speakers and attendees, and I am no exception.
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不管你是听众还是发言人，我也不例外
02:30
TED literally was the launch pad to the next decade of my life's exploration.
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TED可以说是我接后10年探索的发射台
02:36
At the time, the legs I presented were groundbreaking in prosthetics.
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当时，我展示的义肢是修复术的前沿技术
02:41
I had woven carbon fiber sprinting legs
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我当时接上了碳纤维制成的
02:43
modeled after the hind leg of a cheetah,
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仿猎豹后肢的短跑义肢
02:45
which you may have seen on stage yesterday.
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可能你们昨天见过
02:47
And also these very life-like, intrinsically painted silicone legs.
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这些栩栩如生的喷漆硅胶义肢
02:53
So at the time, it was my opportunity to put a call out
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当时，我有机会
02:57
to innovators outside the traditional medical prosthetic community
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在传统医学修复领域创新
03:01
to come bring their talent to the science and to the art
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把他们的才智与科学、艺术相结合
03:05
of building legs.
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制造义肢
03:07
So that we can stop compartmentalizing form, function and aesthetic,
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这样我们就不必把外观、功能和美学划分开来
03:12
and assigning them different values.
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并赋予不同的价值
03:14
Well, lucky for me, a lot of people answered that call.
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幸运的是，很多人做出了响应
03:18
And the journey started, funny enough, with a TED conference attendee --
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旅程就这样开始了，很有趣的是，有一个TED参会者
03:23
Chee Pearlman, who hopefully is in the audience somewhere today.
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琪 皮尔曼，希望她今天也在场
03:26
She was the editor then of a magazine called ID,
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她当时是一本名为《ID》的杂志的编辑
03:29
and she gave me a cover story.
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她把我作为封面故事刊登在杂志上
03:32
This started an incredible journey.
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接下来我开始了一场奇妙的旅程
03:35
Curious encounters were happening to me at the time;
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当时我奇妙地碰到了很多人和事
03:37
I'd been accepting numerous invitations to speak
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我被邀请去做了很多演讲
03:40
on the design of the cheetah legs around the world.
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在世界各地讨论仿猎豹义肢技术
03:43
And people would come up to me after the conference, after my talk,
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人们在演讲后找到我
03:46
men and women.
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不论男女
03:48
And the conversation would go something like this,
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谈话内容不外乎
03:50
"You know Aimee, you're very attractive.
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“要知道艾美，你很迷人。
03:54
You don't look disabled."
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一点不像有残疾的。”
03:56
(Laughter)
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（笑）
03:57
I thought, "Well, that's amazing,
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我想“这还挺神的，
03:59
because I don't feel disabled."
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因为我一点也不感到残疾。”
04:01
And it really opened my eyes to this conversation
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我的有关演讲的视野也被打开了
04:06
that could be explored, about beauty.
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美也可以被探索
04:08
What does a beautiful woman have to look like?
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一个美丽的女人应该长什么样？
04:11
What is a sexy body?
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什么是性感的身体？
04:13
And interestingly, from an identity standpoint,
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很有趣的是，从一个身份角度
04:15
what does it mean to have a disability?
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残疾意味着什么？
04:18
I mean, people -- Pamela Anderson has more prosthetic in her body than I do.
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我是说，有人--比如帕米拉·安德森（美国艳星，以其硕大的隆胸著称）的修复程度可大大高过我
04:21
Nobody calls her disabled.
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可没人说她残疾
04:23
(Laughter)
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（笑）
04:29
So this magazine, through the hands of graphic designer Peter Saville,
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后来这期《ID》杂志，经美术设计师皮特·萨维耶之手
04:33
went to fashion designer Alexander McQueen, and photographer Nick Knight,
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传到了时装设计师亚历山大·麦昆和摄影师尼克·奈特手中
04:38
who were also interested in exploring that conversation.
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他们也对探索相关方面很感兴趣
04:40
So, three months after TED I found myself on a plane
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参加完TED几个月后，我就搭上了前往
04:43
to London, doing my first fashion shoot,
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伦敦的航班，摄制我的第一组时尚杂志照片
04:48
which resulted in this cover --
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结果可以从这本杂志封面看出--
04:49
"Fashion-able"?
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时尚吗？
04:52
Three months after that, I did my first runway show for Alexander McQueen
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3个月后，我为亚历山大·麦昆做了第一场时装秀
04:56
on a pair of hand-carved wooden legs made from solid ash.
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腿着一副硬木手工义肢
05:01
Nobody knew -- everyone thought they were wooden boots.
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没人知道--大家都以为是木制长靴
05:04
Actually, I have them on stage with me:
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事实上，它们就在台上
05:07
grapevines, magnolias -- truly stunning.
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葡萄藤、木兰花，惊人的美
05:12
Poetry matters.
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诗意很重要
05:15
Poetry is what elevates the banal and neglected object
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诗歌能把陈腐和受忽视的东西提升到高层次
05:20
to a realm of art.
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进入艺术的境界
05:22
It can transform the thing that might have made people fearful
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能把令人生畏的东西转化成
05:28
into something that invites them to look,
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引人入胜的东西
05:30
and look a little longer,
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让人驻足良久
05:33
and maybe even understand.
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也许会让人们理解
05:35
I learned this firsthand with my next adventure.
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这些是我从我的下一个冒险中第一手学到的
05:39
The artist Matthew Barney, in his film opus called the "The Cremaster Cycle."
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艺术家马修·巴尼在他的影片《悬丝》
05:43
This is where it really hit home for me --
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这部影片真是醍醐灌顶
05:46
that my legs could be wearable sculpture.
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我的双腿竟可以成为雕塑品
05:48
And even at this point, I started to move away from the need to replicate human-ness
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这时，我就游离开模仿人体
05:55
as the only aesthetic ideal.
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开始探索美学的理想
05:57
So we made what people lovingly referred to as glass legs
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后来我们研制了人们昵称为玻璃腿的义肢
06:01
even though they're actually optically clear polyurethane,
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虽然它们实际上是剔透的聚亚安酯制作的
06:05
a.k.a. bowling ball material.
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也就是制造保龄球的材料
06:07
Heavy!
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相当重的！
06:08
Then we made these legs that are cast in soil
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后来我们用根与土壤的东西塑造这种义肢
06:10
with a potato root system growing in them, and beetroots out the top,
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把土豆根系植于其中，把甜菜根植在上头
06:14
and a very lovely brass toe.
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还装上了很可爱的铜质脚趾
06:16
That's a good close-up of that one.
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就这样完成了一个杰作
06:18
Then another character was a half-woman, half-cheetah --
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另一个造型是半人半兽
06:20
a little homage to my life as an athlete.
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是对我运动员生涯的小小致敬
06:22
14 hours of prosthetic make-up
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14个小时的义肢彩绘
06:25
to get into a creature that had articulated paws,
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才看起来像有灵活爪子、
06:29
claws and a tail that whipped around,
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摇来摇去的尾巴的生物
06:33
like a gecko.
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有点像壁虎
06:35
(Laughter)
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（笑）
06:37
And then another pair of legs we collaborated on were these --
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另一付我们合作创作的义肢
06:41
look like jellyfish legs,
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看起来有那么一点像水母
06:43
also polyurethane.
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同样也是聚亚安酯制成的
06:45
And the only purpose that these legs can serve,
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这副义肢唯一的用途就是
06:48
outside the context of the film,
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除了电影里的展示，
06:51
is to provoke the senses and ignite the imagination.
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就是给人们感官刺激并激发人们的想象
06:54
So whimsy matters.
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所以诡谲多变很重要
06:57
Today, I have over a dozen pair of prosthetic legs
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今天，我带了至少12副义肢
07:03
that various people have made for me,
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它们是由不同的人为我制作的
07:05
and with them I have different negotiations of the terrain under my feet,
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不同的义肢给了我与我脚下大地的不同体验
07:09
and I can change my height --
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我还可以改变身高
07:11
I have a variable of five different heights.
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我有5个不同的身高
07:13
(Laughter)
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（笑）
07:15
Today, I'm 6'1".
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今天，我有6尺1（约186cm）
07:17
And I had these legs made a little over a year ago
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我身上这副义肢大概是一年前做的
07:20
at Dorset Orthopedic in England
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在英国的多西特整形外科做的
07:22
and when I brought them home to Manhattan,
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当我把它们带回曼哈顿的家里
07:24
my first night out on the town, I went to a very fancy party.
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我回来后第一次出来是去一个化妆舞会
07:26
And a girl was there who has known me for years
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舞会上有个姑娘我认识多年了
07:29
at my normal 5'8".
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不过那时我只有5尺8（约177cm）
07:31
Her mouth dropped open when she saw me,
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她看到我惊讶不已
07:33
and she went, "But you're so tall!"
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她说道“你怎么那么高！”
07:36
And I said, "I know. Isn't it fun?"
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我说道“是啊，挺好玩的，不是吗？”
07:38
I mean, it's a little bit like wearing stilts on stilts,
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有点像站在高跷上踩高跷
07:40
but I have an entirely new relationship to door jams
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但我从此对门框有了全新体验
07:43
that I never expected I would ever have.
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始料未及的新天地
07:45
And I was having fun with it.
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我乐在其中
07:48
And she looked at me,
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她看着我
07:50
and she said, "But, Aimee, that's not fair."
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说道：“但是，艾美，这可不公平。”
07:52
(Laughter)
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（笑）
07:55
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
07:57
And the incredible thing was she really meant it.
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最奇妙的是她是认真的
08:01
It's not fair that you can change your height,
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能随意改变身高
08:03
as you want it.
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可不公平
08:05
And that's when I knew --
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那时我才知道--
08:07
that's when I knew that the conversation with society
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那时我才知道社会交往的
08:10
has changed profoundly
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巨大变革
08:12
in this last decade.
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在近10年来
08:14
It is no longer a conversation about overcoming deficiency.
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这不再是克服先天障碍
08:19
It's a conversation about augmentation.
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是关于增量
08:21
It's a conversation about potential.
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是关于潜能
08:25
A prosthetic limb doesn't represent the need to replace loss anymore.
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义肢的作用不再仅局限于代替身体缺失部分
08:30
It can stand as a symbol that the wearer
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它们可以作为佩戴者身份的象征
08:33
has the power to create whatever it is that they want to create
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可以创造佩戴者天马行空的想象
08:36
in that space.
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在这个空间
08:38
So people that society once considered to be disabled
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所以那些社会一度认为是残障的人
08:41
can now become the architects of their own identities
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可以成为自己塑造身份的建筑师
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and indeed continue to change those identities
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并且切实继续改变身份
08:48
by designing their bodies
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仅凭设计自己的身体
08:50
from a place of empowerment.
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从一个强大的源泉获取灵感
08:53
And what is exciting to me so much right now
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现在令我激动不已的是
08:58
is that by combining cutting-edge technology --
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通过尖端科技
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robotics, bionics --
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机器人技术、仿生学--
09:04
with the age-old poetry,
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及由来已久的诗意
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we are moving closer to understanding our collective humanity.
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我们向自身的集体人性迈进了一步
09:12
I think that if we want to discover the full potential
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我认为要发掘自身
09:17
in our humanity,
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人性的的潜质
09:19
we need to celebrate those heartbreaking strengths
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我们要赞美那些令人心碎的力量
09:23
and those glorious disabilities that we all have.
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那些人人都有的光荣的残障
09:26
I think of Shakespeare's Shylock:
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我认为莎士比亚笔下的夏洛克
09:29
"If you prick us, do we not bleed,
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“你们要是用刀剑刺我们，我们不是也会出血的吗？
09:33
and if you tickle us, do we not laugh?"
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你们要是搔我们的痒，我们不是也会笑起来的吗？”
09:36
It is our humanity,
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这就是我们的人性
09:39
and all the potential within it,
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及其所有的潜质
09:41
that makes us beautiful.
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是这些让我们熠熠生辉
09:44
Thank you.
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谢谢
09:45
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actorA record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics.
Why you should listen
Aimee Mullins was born without fibular bones, and had both of her legs amputated below the knee when she was an infant. She learned to walk on prosthetics, then to run -- competing at the national and international level as a champion sprinter, and setting world records at the 1996 Paralympics in Atlanta. At Georgetown, where she double-majored in history and diplomacy, she became the first double amputee to compete in NCAA Division 1 track and field.
After school, Mullins did some modeling -- including a legendary runway show for Alexander McQueen -- and then turned to acting, appearing as the Leopard Queen in Matthew Barney's Cremaster Cycle. In 2008 she was the official Ambassador for the Tribeca/ESPN Sports Film Festival.
She's a passionate advocate for a new kind of thinking about prosthetics, and recently mentioned to an interviewer that she's been looking closely at MIT's in-development powered robotic ankle, "which I fully plan on having."
Aimee Mullins | Speaker | TED.com