TED2009
Aimee Mullins: My 12 pairs of legs
Aimee Mullins a jej 12 párov nôh
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Atlétka, herečka a aktivistka Aimee Mullins hovorí o svojich nožných protézach -- má dvanásť úžasných párov nôh -- a o nadľudských schopnostiach, ktoré má vďaka nim: rýchlosť, krásu a 15cm navyše... Celkom zmenila definíciu toho, čím dokáže byť ľudské telo.
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actor
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics. Full bio
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I was speaking to a group of about 300 kids,
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Prednášala som skupine asi 300 detí,
00:15
ages six to eight, at a children's museum,
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od šesť do osem rokov v múzeu pre deti
00:17
and I brought with me a bag full of legs,
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a priniesla so sebou tašku plnú nôh
00:21
similar to the kinds of things you see up here,
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podobných tým, čo práve vidíte,
00:23
and had them laid out on a table for the kids.
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rozložila som ich na stole, pre tie deti.
00:25
And, from my experience, you know, kids are naturally curious
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Zo skúsenosti vieme, že deti sú prirodzene zvedavé,
00:29
about what they don't know, or don't understand,
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ak niečo nevedia, nechápu
00:31
or is foreign to them.
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alebo je im to cudzie.
00:33
They only learn to be frightened of those differences
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Naučia sa obávať odlišného
00:35
when an adult influences them to behave that way,
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len pod vplyvom dospelích,
00:38
and maybe censors that natural curiosity,
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ktorí cenzúrujú ich prirodzenú zvedavosť
00:41
or you know, reins in the question-asking
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alebo potláčajú ich otázky,
00:44
in the hopes of them being polite little kids.
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aby boli slušnými malými deťmi.
00:46
So I just pictured a first grade teacher out in the lobby
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Tak si predstavujem učiteľa prvákov na chodbe
00:50
with these unruly kids, saying, "Now, whatever you do,
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ako hovorí neposlušným deťom, "Robte čo chcete,
00:53
don't stare at her legs."
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len jej nečumte na nohy."
00:55
But, of course, that's the point.
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No práve to je tou podstatou.
00:57
That's why I was there, I wanted to invite them to look and explore.
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Dôvodom mojej návštevy bolo, aby sa pozerali a skúmali.
01:00
So I made a deal with the adults
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Dohodla som sa teda s dospelými,
01:04
that the kids could come in without any adults for two minutes
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aby pustili deti dnu na prvé dve minúty
01:07
on their own.
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samé.
01:09
The doors open, the kids descend on this table of legs,
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Dvere sa otvoria, deti sa znesú na stôl plný nôh,
01:13
and they are poking and prodding, and they're wiggling toes,
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šťuchajú a naťahujú ich, krútia palcami
01:16
and they're trying to put their full weight on the sprinting leg
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a snažia sa celou váhou zaťažit nohu na šprintovanie,
01:18
to see what happens with that.
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aby videli, ako reaguje.
01:20
And I said, "Kids, really quickly --
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Hovorím im "Deti, veľmi rýchlo --
01:22
I woke up this morning, I decided I wanted to be able to jump over a house --
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ráno som sa zobudila s rozhodnutím, že chcem preskočiť ponad dom --
01:26
nothing too big, two or three stories --
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nie moc vysoký, dve-tri poschodia --
01:28
but, if you could think of any animal, any superhero, any cartoon character,
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mysliac na hociaké zviera, superhrdinu, kreslenú postavičku,
01:33
anything you can dream up right now,
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čo sa vám len v sne napadne,
01:35
what kind of legs would you build me?"
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aký druh nôh by ste mi spravili?"
01:37
And immediately a voice shouted, "Kangaroo!"
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A okamžite sa ozve hlas "Klokan!"
01:40
"No, no, no! Should be a frog!"
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"Nie, nie, nie, žaba!"
01:42
"No. It should be Go Go Gadget!"
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"Nie. Inšpektor Gadget!"
01:44
"No, no, no! It should be the Incredibles."
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"Nie, nie, nie! Ako z Rodinky Úžasných."
01:46
And other things that I don't -- aren't familiar with.
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A kopec iných vecí, čo nepoznám.
01:49
And then, one eight-year-old said,
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Potom jedna osemročná povie,
01:51
"Hey, why wouldn't you want to fly too?"
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"A nechcela by si tiež vedieť lietať?"
01:56
And the whole room, including me, was like, "Yeah."
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A celá miestnosť vrátane mňa len zavzdychala "Hej".
01:59
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
02:01
And just like that, I went from being a woman
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Takto jednoducho som sa zmenila zo ženy,
02:04
that these kids would have been trained to see as "disabled"
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ktorú boli tieto deti naučené vnímať ako "postihnutú",
02:08
to somebody that had potential that their bodies didn't have yet.
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na niekoho s potenciálom väčším ako ich vlastné telá.
02:13
Somebody that might even be super-abled.
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Niekoho s takmer nadľudskými schopnosťami.
02:15
Interesting.
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Zaujímavé.
02:17
So some of you actually saw me at TED, 11 years ago.
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Niektorí z Vás ma videli na TED pre 11 rokmi,
02:22
And there's been a lot of talk about how life-changing this conference is
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často sa hovorí, že táto konferencia dokáže zmeniť život
02:26
for both speakers and attendees, and I am no exception.
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prednášajúcich aj účastníkov a ja nie som výnimkou.
02:30
TED literally was the launch pad to the next decade of my life's exploration.
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TED bol doslovne štartovacou dráhou do ďaľšieho desaťročia môjho života.
02:36
At the time, the legs I presented were groundbreaking in prosthetics.
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Nohy, ktoré som prezentovala, boli vtedy prelomom v protézach.
02:41
I had woven carbon fiber sprinting legs
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Spriadala som karbónové šprintérske nohy
02:43
modeled after the hind leg of a cheetah,
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modelované podľa zadných nôh geparda,
02:45
which you may have seen on stage yesterday.
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ktoré ste mohli vidieť na pódiu včera.
02:47
And also these very life-like, intrinsically painted silicone legs.
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Tiež tieto veľmi skutočné, prirodzene nafarbené silikónové nohy.
02:53
So at the time, it was my opportunity to put a call out
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Takže bolo mojou príležitosťou vyzvať
02:57
to innovators outside the traditional medical prosthetic community
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inovátorov mimo tradičnej protézovej komunity,
03:01
to come bring their talent to the science and to the art
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aby zapojili svoj talent do vedy a umenia
03:05
of building legs.
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výroby nôh.
03:07
So that we can stop compartmentalizing form, function and aesthetic,
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Aby prestali deliť formu, funkciu a estetiku
03:12
and assigning them different values.
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a dávať im rôzne hodnoty.
03:14
Well, lucky for me, a lot of people answered that call.
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Našťastie pre mňa na túto výzvu odpovedalo mnoho ľudí.
03:18
And the journey started, funny enough, with a TED conference attendee --
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Srandou je, že táto cesta začala vďaka účastníčke TED konferencie --
03:23
Chee Pearlman, who hopefully is in the audience somewhere today.
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Chee Pearlman, ktorá tu dúfam sedí dnes v hľadisku.
03:26
She was the editor then of a magazine called ID,
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Bola vtedy editorkou časopisu ID
03:29
and she gave me a cover story.
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a venovala mi titulnú stránku.
03:32
This started an incredible journey.
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Začala sa tým neuveriteľná cesta.
03:35
Curious encounters were happening to me at the time;
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Prihodili sa mi vtedy neuveriteľné stretnutia,
03:37
I'd been accepting numerous invitations to speak
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prijala som mnohé pozvania hovoriť
03:40
on the design of the cheetah legs around the world.
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po celom svete na tému design nôh geparda.
03:43
And people would come up to me after the conference, after my talk,
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Po konferencii, po mojom príspevku, za mnou prišli ľudia,
03:46
men and women.
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muži a ženy,
03:48
And the conversation would go something like this,
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náš rozhovor vyzeral asi takto:
03:50
"You know Aimee, you're very attractive.
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"Vieš Aimee, si veľmi atraktívna.
03:54
You don't look disabled."
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Nevyzeráš ako postihnutá."
03:56
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
03:57
I thought, "Well, that's amazing,
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Myslela som si "To je úžasné,
03:59
because I don't feel disabled."
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pretože ja sa necítim byť postihnutá."
04:01
And it really opened my eyes to this conversation
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To mi skutočne otvorilo oči diskusii
04:06
that could be explored, about beauty.
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o tom, čo je krása.
04:08
What does a beautiful woman have to look like?
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Ako musí vyzerať krásna žena?
04:11
What is a sexy body?
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Čo je sexy telo?
04:13
And interestingly, from an identity standpoint,
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A zaujimavé z hľadiska identity,
04:15
what does it mean to have a disability?
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čo znamená byť postihnutým?
04:18
I mean, people -- Pamela Anderson has more prosthetic in her body than I do.
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Veď ľudia -- Pamela Anderson má v sebe viac protéz ako ja.
04:21
Nobody calls her disabled.
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Nikto ju nenazýva postihnutou.
04:23
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
04:29
So this magazine, through the hands of graphic designer Peter Saville,
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Tento časopis sa teda dostal rukami grafického dizajnera Petera Saville
04:33
went to fashion designer Alexander McQueen, and photographer Nick Knight,
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k módnemu dizajnérovi Alexandrovi McQueenovi a fotografovi Nickovi Knightovi,
04:38
who were also interested in exploring that conversation.
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ktorých tiež zaujala táto téma.
04:40
So, three months after TED I found myself on a plane
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Tri mesiace po TEDe som teda sedela v lietadle
04:43
to London, doing my first fashion shoot,
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do Londýna na moje prvé módne fotenie,
04:48
which resulted in this cover --
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ktorého výsledkom bola táto titulka --
04:49
"Fashion-able"?
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Módy-schopná?
04:52
Three months after that, I did my first runway show for Alexander McQueen
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Tri mesiace nato som spravila prvú mólovú šou pre Alexandra McQueena
04:56
on a pair of hand-carved wooden legs made from solid ash.
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na páre nôh ručne vyrezávaných z jaseňa.
05:01
Nobody knew -- everyone thought they were wooden boots.
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Nikto to nevedel -- každý ich pokladal za drevené čižmy.
05:04
Actually, I have them on stage with me:
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Inak, mám ich tu so sebou na pódiu:
05:07
grapevines, magnolias -- truly stunning.
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Vinič, magnólie, vskutku úžasné.
05:12
Poetry matters.
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Na poézii záleží.
05:15
Poetry is what elevates the banal and neglected object
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Poézia povznáža obyčajný a zanedbaný predmet
05:20
to a realm of art.
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do ríše umenia.
05:22
It can transform the thing that might have made people fearful
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Dokáže transformovať vec, čo inak naháňa strach,
05:28
into something that invites them to look,
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na vec hodnú pohľadu
05:30
and look a little longer,
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a dlhšieho hľadenia
05:33
and maybe even understand.
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a dokonca možno pochopenia.
05:35
I learned this firsthand with my next adventure.
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Naučilo ma to z prvej ruky moje ďaľšie dobrodružstvo.
05:39
The artist Matthew Barney, in his film opus called the "The Cremaster Cycle."
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Umelec Matthew Barney vo svojom filmovom cykle "Cremaster".
05:43
This is where it really hit home for me --
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Úplne ma to dorazilo --
05:46
that my legs could be wearable sculpture.
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že moje nohy by mohli byť sochami na nosenie.
05:48
And even at this point, I started to move away from the need to replicate human-ness
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Vtedy som sa začala vzdaľovať od potreby kopírovania ľudskosti
05:55
as the only aesthetic ideal.
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ako jediného estetického ideálu.
05:57
So we made what people lovingly referred to as glass legs
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Spravili sme, čo ľudia láskyplne nazvali sklenými nohami,
06:01
even though they're actually optically clear polyurethane,
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aj keď boli v podstate z priehľadného polyuretánu
06:05
a.k.a. bowling ball material.
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a.k.a. materiálu bowlingových gúľ.
06:07
Heavy!
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Tvrdé!
06:08
Then we made these legs that are cast in soil
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Potom sme vyrobili nohy odliate do zeme
06:10
with a potato root system growing in them, and beetroots out the top,
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s koreňovým systémom zemiakov, repkou hore
06:14
and a very lovely brass toe.
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a krásnym mosadzným palcom.
06:16
That's a good close-up of that one.
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Tu je bližší detail.
06:18
Then another character was a half-woman, half-cheetah --
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Ďaľšia postavička bola potom napol žena, napol gepard --
06:20
a little homage to my life as an athlete.
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malá pocta môjmu životu atlétky.
06:22
14 hours of prosthetic make-up
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14 hodín protézového make-upu
06:25
to get into a creature that had articulated paws,
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zmení ženu na tvora s ohybnými labkami,
06:29
claws and a tail that whipped around,
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pazúrmi a chvostom, ktorý máva hore dole
06:33
like a gecko.
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ako jašterica.
06:35
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
06:37
And then another pair of legs we collaborated on were these --
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Tu je ďaľší pár nôh, na ktorom sme spolupracovali...
06:41
look like jellyfish legs,
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vyzerajú ako nohy medúzy.
06:43
also polyurethane.
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Tiež polyuretán.
06:45
And the only purpose that these legs can serve,
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Tieto nohy slúžia len jedinému účelu
06:48
outside the context of the film,
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mimo kontextu filmu,
06:51
is to provoke the senses and ignite the imagination.
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a to provokácii zmyslov a naštartovaniu predstavivosti.
06:54
So whimsy matters.
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Veci rozmaru.
06:57
Today, I have over a dozen pair of prosthetic legs
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Vlastním dnes vyše tucta párov protéz,
07:03
that various people have made for me,
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ktoré mi vyrobili rôzni ľudia,
07:05
and with them I have different negotiations of the terrain under my feet,
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a ktoré umožňujú rozdielne zdolávanie terénu.
07:09
and I can change my height --
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Môžem zmeniť svoju výšku --
07:11
I have a variable of five different heights.
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Mám na výber päť rôznych výšok
07:13
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
07:15
Today, I'm 6'1".
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Dnes meriam 185 cm.
07:17
And I had these legs made a little over a year ago
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Tieto nohy boli vyrobené asi rok dozadu
07:20
at Dorset Orthopedic in England
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v Dorset Ortopédii v Anglicku
07:22
and when I brought them home to Manhattan,
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a keď som ich priniesla domov na Manhattan,
07:24
my first night out on the town, I went to a very fancy party.
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prvú noc vonku v meste som šla na snobskú párty.
07:26
And a girl was there who has known me for years
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Kamoške, čo ma poznala už roky
07:29
at my normal 5'8".
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s mojimi normálnymi 170 cm,
07:31
Her mouth dropped open when she saw me,
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spadla sánka, keď ma videla,
07:33
and she went, "But you're so tall!"
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povedala "Ty si ale vysoká!"
07:36
And I said, "I know. Isn't it fun?"
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Ja na to "Viem, nie je to sranda?"
07:38
I mean, it's a little bit like wearing stilts on stilts,
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Je to trochu ako nosenie opätkov na opätkoch,
07:40
but I have an entirely new relationship to door jams
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mám tým celkom nový vzťah k prahom vo dverách,
07:43
that I never expected I would ever have.
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čo som nikdy nečakala.
07:45
And I was having fun with it.
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A to ma bavilo.
07:48
And she looked at me,
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Ona sa na mňa pozrela
07:50
and she said, "But, Aimee, that's not fair."
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a povedala: "Aimee, to nie je fér."
07:52
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
07:55
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
07:57
And the incredible thing was she really meant it.
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Neskutočné na tom bolo, že to myslela vážne.
08:01
It's not fair that you can change your height,
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Je nefér môcť meniť svoju výšku
08:03
as you want it.
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ako si človek zmyslí.
08:05
And that's when I knew --
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Vtedy som si uvedomila --
08:07
that's when I knew that the conversation with society
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uvedomila som si, že rozhovor so spoločnosťou
08:10
has changed profoundly
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sa od základov zmenil
08:12
in this last decade.
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v poslednom desaťročí.
08:14
It is no longer a conversation about overcoming deficiency.
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Nebavíme sa už o prekonaní postihnutia.
08:19
It's a conversation about augmentation.
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Bavíme sa o zlepšení.
08:21
It's a conversation about potential.
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Bavíme sa o potenciále.
08:25
A prosthetic limb doesn't represent the need to replace loss anymore.
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Protéza už nereprezentuje potrebu nahradiť stratu.
08:30
It can stand as a symbol that the wearer
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Môže byť symbolom toho, že majiteľ
08:33
has the power to create whatever it is that they want to create
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má moc vytvoriť to, čo chce vytvoriť
08:36
in that space.
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namiesto straty.
08:38
So people that society once considered to be disabled
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Takže ľudia, ktorých spoločnosť pokladala za postihnutých,
08:41
can now become the architects of their own identities
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sa môžu zrazu stať architektami vlastných identít
08:46
and indeed continue to change those identities
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a naďalej meniť svoje identity
08:48
by designing their bodies
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vytváraním vlastných tiel
08:50
from a place of empowerment.
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podľa vlastnej vôle.
08:53
And what is exciting to me so much right now
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V súčasnosti pokladám za neskutočne vzrušujúce,
08:58
is that by combining cutting-edge technology --
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že kombináciou špičkovej technológie --
09:02
robotics, bionics --
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robotiky a bioniky --
09:04
with the age-old poetry,
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s vekmi starou poéziou,
09:06
we are moving closer to understanding our collective humanity.
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sa približujeme k porozumeniu našej kolektívnej ľudskosti.
09:12
I think that if we want to discover the full potential
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Myslím si, že ak máme objaviť plný potenciál
09:17
in our humanity,
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našej ľudskosti,
09:19
we need to celebrate those heartbreaking strengths
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musíme sláviť tie srdcervúce silné stránky
09:23
and those glorious disabilities that we all have.
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aj tie úžasné postihnutia, ktoré každý máme.
09:26
I think of Shakespeare's Shylock:
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Mám na mysli Shakespearovho Shylocka:
09:29
"If you prick us, do we not bleed,
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"Keď nás bodnete, nekrvácame?
09:33
and if you tickle us, do we not laugh?"
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A keď nás pošteklíte, nesmejeme sa?"
09:36
It is our humanity,
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Je to naša ľudskosť
09:39
and all the potential within it,
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a celý jej potenciál,
09:41
that makes us beautiful.
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ktorý nás robí krásnymi.
09:44
Thank you.
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Ďakujem Vám.
09:45
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actorA record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics.
Why you should listen
Aimee Mullins was born without fibular bones, and had both of her legs amputated below the knee when she was an infant. She learned to walk on prosthetics, then to run -- competing at the national and international level as a champion sprinter, and setting world records at the 1996 Paralympics in Atlanta. At Georgetown, where she double-majored in history and diplomacy, she became the first double amputee to compete in NCAA Division 1 track and field.
After school, Mullins did some modeling -- including a legendary runway show for Alexander McQueen -- and then turned to acting, appearing as the Leopard Queen in Matthew Barney's Cremaster Cycle. In 2008 she was the official Ambassador for the Tribeca/ESPN Sports Film Festival.
She's a passionate advocate for a new kind of thinking about prosthetics, and recently mentioned to an interviewer that she's been looking closely at MIT's in-development powered robotic ankle, "which I fully plan on having."
Aimee Mullins | Speaker | TED.com