TED2009
Aimee Mullins: My 12 pairs of legs
Aimee Mullins in njenih 12 parov nog
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Atletinja, igralka in aktivistka Aimee Mullins razlaga o svojih prostetičnih nogah - ima 12 čudovitih parov - in supermoči, ki jih z njimi dobi: hitrost, lepoto in dodatnih 15 cm višine ... Preprosto povedano, redefinira kaj vse telo lahko je.
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actor
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics. Full bio
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I was speaking to a group of about 300 kids,
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Govorila sem pred skupino 300 otrok,
00:15
ages six to eight, at a children's museum,
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starih od šest do osem let, v otroškem muzeju,
00:17
and I brought with me a bag full of legs,
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in s seboj sem prinesla polno vreco nog,
00:21
similar to the kinds of things you see up here,
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podobne tem, ki jih vidite tukaj,
00:23
and had them laid out on a table for the kids.
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Položila sem jih na mizo, za otroke.
00:25
And, from my experience, you know, kids are naturally curious
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Otroci so, vsaj po mojih izkušnjah, naravno radovedni
00:29
about what they don't know, or don't understand,
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glede stvari, ki jih ne poznajo ali ne razumejo,
00:31
or is foreign to them.
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ali pa so jim tuje.
00:33
They only learn to be frightened of those differences
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Strahu pred tem se naučijo šele,
00:35
when an adult influences them to behave that way,
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ko na njih vplivajo odrasli s svojo vzgojo,
00:38
and maybe censors that natural curiosity,
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jim morda cenzurirajo to naravno radovednost,
00:41
or you know, reins in the question-asking
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oziroma omejijo naravno otroško spraševanje,
00:44
in the hopes of them being polite little kids.
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v upanju, da bi bili otroci bolj vljudni.
00:46
So I just pictured a first grade teacher out in the lobby
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Tako sem si predstavljala učiteljico prvega razreda zunaj na hodniku
00:50
with these unruly kids, saying, "Now, whatever you do,
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s temi nekontroliranimi otroci, kako jim govori "Karkoli naredite,
00:53
don't stare at her legs."
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ne glejte v njene noge."
00:55
But, of course, that's the point.
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Ampak, ravno to je poanta.
00:57
That's why I was there, I wanted to invite them to look and explore.
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Zato sem bila tam. Povabila sem jih da gledajo in raziskujejo.
01:00
So I made a deal with the adults
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Zato sem imela dogovor z odraslimi,
01:04
that the kids could come in without any adults for two minutes
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da otroci lahko pridejo v sobo, brez odraslih, za dve minuti,
01:07
on their own.
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čisto sami.
01:09
The doors open, the kids descend on this table of legs,
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Vrata so se odprla, otroci so se zvrstili okrog mize z vsemi mojimi nogami,
01:13
and they are poking and prodding, and they're wiggling toes,
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se jih dotikali, radovedno raziskovali in zvijali prste,
01:16
and they're trying to put their full weight on the sprinting leg
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poskušali so z vso težo upogniti tekaške noge,
01:18
to see what happens with that.
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da bi videli, kaj bi se lahko zgodilo.
01:20
And I said, "Kids, really quickly --
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Rekla sem jim, "Otroci, na hitro --
01:22
I woke up this morning, I decided I wanted to be able to jump over a house --
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danes zjutraj, ko sem se zbudila, sem se odločila, da bi rada preskočila hišo --
01:26
nothing too big, two or three stories --
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ne preveč visoko, dve ali tri nadstropja --
01:28
but, if you could think of any animal, any superhero, any cartoon character,
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zdaj pa, če si lahko izmislite katerokoli žival, super heroja, junaka iz risanke,
01:33
anything you can dream up right now,
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karkoli, kar vam pade na pamet,
01:35
what kind of legs would you build me?"
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kakšne noge bi mi naredili?"
01:37
And immediately a voice shouted, "Kangaroo!"
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Nemudoma se je oglasil nekdo, "Kenguru!"
01:40
"No, no, no! Should be a frog!"
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"Ne, ne, ne! Morala bi biti žaba!"
01:42
"No. It should be Go Go Gadget!"
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"Ne. Morala bi biti Go Go Gadget!"
01:44
"No, no, no! It should be the Incredibles."
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"Ne, ne, ne! Morala bi bila ena od Neverjetnih."
01:46
And other things that I don't -- aren't familiar with.
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In ostale stvari, ki jih sploh ne poznam.
01:49
And then, one eight-year-old said,
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In potem, je nek osemletnik rekel,
01:51
"Hey, why wouldn't you want to fly too?"
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"Hej, zakaj pa ne bi še letela?"
01:56
And the whole room, including me, was like, "Yeah."
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In cela soba, skupaj z mano, je rekla "Jaaaa".
01:59
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:01
And just like that, I went from being a woman
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In enostavno, sem se iz ženske,
02:04
that these kids would have been trained to see as "disabled"
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ki so jo otroci navajeni videti kot invalidno,
02:08
to somebody that had potential that their bodies didn't have yet.
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postala nekdo, ki ima zmožnosti, ki jih oni nimajo.
02:13
Somebody that might even be super-abled.
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Nekdo, ki bi lahko bil celo super-sposoben.
02:15
Interesting.
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Zanimivo.
02:17
So some of you actually saw me at TED, 11 years ago.
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Nekateri od vas so me videli na TED-u pred 11 leti
02:22
And there's been a lot of talk about how life-changing this conference is
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in veliko se govori, kako ta konferenca spreminja življenja
02:26
for both speakers and attendees, and I am no exception.
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govornikov in udeležencev - no jaz nisem nobena izjema.
02:30
TED literally was the launch pad to the next decade of my life's exploration.
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TED je bila zame dobesedno odskočna deska za mojih naslednjih 10 let.
02:36
At the time, the legs I presented were groundbreaking in prosthetics.
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Takrat so bile noge, ki sem jih predstavila, novost v prostetiki.
02:41
I had woven carbon fiber sprinting legs
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Noge za hiter tek so bile narejene iz ogljikovih vlaken,
02:43
modeled after the hind leg of a cheetah,
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oblikovane po zadnji nogi geparda,
02:45
which you may have seen on stage yesterday.
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ki ste jih morda včeraj videli na odru.
02:47
And also these very life-like, intrinsically painted silicone legs.
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In tudi te noge zelo naravnega videza, iz barvanega silikona.
02:53
So at the time, it was my opportunity to put a call out
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Takrat sem imela priložnost, da apeliram na
02:57
to innovators outside the traditional medical prosthetic community
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inovatorje zunaj tradicionalne zdravstvene prostetične skupnosti,
03:01
to come bring their talent to the science and to the art
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da doprinesejo svoj talent k znanosti in k umetnosti
03:05
of building legs.
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ustvarjanja umetnih nog.
03:07
So that we can stop compartmentalizing form, function and aesthetic,
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Tako lahko nehamo s predalčkanjem oblike, funkcije in estetike,
03:12
and assigning them different values.
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in s pripisovanjem različnih vrednosti.
03:14
Well, lucky for me, a lot of people answered that call.
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No, na srečo se je veliko ljudi odzvalo mojemu klicu.
03:18
And the journey started, funny enough, with a TED conference attendee --
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Vse skupaj se je začelo, pav zanimivo, z udeleženko TED konference --
03:23
Chee Pearlman, who hopefully is in the audience somewhere today.
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Chee Pearlman, za katero upam, da je danes tukaj med nami.
03:26
She was the editor then of a magazine called ID,
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Ona je bila takrat urednica časopisa, ki se imenuje ID
03:29
and she gave me a cover story.
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in je o meni naredila naslovno zgodbo.
03:32
This started an incredible journey.
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S tem se je začelo neverjetno potovanje.
03:35
Curious encounters were happening to me at the time;
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Zanimiva stvari so se mi dogajale v tistem času;
03:37
I'd been accepting numerous invitations to speak
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Prejela sem številna vabila, da bi predavala
03:40
on the design of the cheetah legs around the world.
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o oblikovanju gepardovih nog - po celem svetu.
03:43
And people would come up to me after the conference, after my talk,
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Ljudje so prihajali do mene po konferenci, po mojem govoru,
03:46
men and women.
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moški in ženske.
03:48
And the conversation would go something like this,
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In pogovor je tekel nekako takole,
03:50
"You know Aimee, you're very attractive.
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"Veš, Aimee, zelo si privlačna.
03:54
You don't look disabled."
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Ne izgledaš kot invalidna oseba."
03:56
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:57
I thought, "Well, that's amazing,
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Mislila sem si, "To je res čudno,
03:59
because I don't feel disabled."
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saj se ne počutim invalidna."
04:01
And it really opened my eyes to this conversation
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To mi je zares odprlo oči glede dialoga,
04:06
that could be explored, about beauty.
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ki bi ga lahko imeli na temo lepote.
04:08
What does a beautiful woman have to look like?
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Kako mora izgledati lepa ženska?
04:11
What is a sexy body?
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Kaj je seksi telo?
04:13
And interestingly, from an identity standpoint,
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In zanimivo, s stališča identitete,
04:15
what does it mean to have a disability?
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kaj sploh pomeni biti invalidna oseba?
04:18
I mean, people -- Pamela Anderson has more prosthetic in her body than I do.
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Recimo, -- Pamela Anderson ima več umetnih delov v telesu kot jaz.
04:21
Nobody calls her disabled.
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In nihče ji ne reče, da je invalidna.
04:23
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:29
So this magazine, through the hands of graphic designer Peter Saville,
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Ta časopis je potem, preko grafičnega oblikovalca Peter Savillea,
04:33
went to fashion designer Alexander McQueen, and photographer Nick Knight,
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prišel v roke modnega oblikovalca Alexandra McQueena in fotografa Nicka Knighta,
04:38
who were also interested in exploring that conversation.
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ki ju je zanimalo raziskovanje tega dialoga.
04:40
So, three months after TED I found myself on a plane
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Tri mesece po TED konferenci, sem se znašla na letalu
04:43
to London, doing my first fashion shoot,
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za London, kjer sem imela svoje prvo modno snemanje,
04:48
which resulted in this cover --
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katere rezultat je ta naslovnica --
04:49
"Fashion-able"?
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Sposobna za modo?
04:52
Three months after that, I did my first runway show for Alexander McQueen
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Tri mesece po tem, sem imela svoj prvi modni nastop za Alexandra McQueena
04:56
on a pair of hand-carved wooden legs made from solid ash.
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na nogah iz ročno obdelanega jesenovega lesa.
05:01
Nobody knew -- everyone thought they were wooden boots.
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Nihče ni vedel -- vsi so mislili, da so bili leseni škornji.
05:04
Actually, I have them on stage with me:
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Pravzaprav, jih imam danes tukaj na odru:
05:07
grapevines, magnolias -- truly stunning.
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Trta, magnolije, resnično osupljivo.
05:12
Poetry matters.
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Poezija je pomembna.
05:15
Poetry is what elevates the banal and neglected object
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Poezija vzdvigne banalno in zapostavljeno
05:20
to a realm of art.
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v sfero umetnosti.
05:22
It can transform the thing that might have made people fearful
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Lahko transformira stvar, ki se je ljudje bojijo,
05:28
into something that invites them to look,
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v nekaj, kar privablja poglede,
05:30
and look a little longer,
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zadržuje poglede dlje časa,
05:33
and maybe even understand.
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morda celo vzpodbuja razumevanje.
05:35
I learned this firsthand with my next adventure.
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Tega sem se naučila iz prve roke z naslednjo pustolovščino.
05:39
The artist Matthew Barney, in his film opus called the "The Cremaster Cycle."
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Umetnik Matthew Barney in njegov filmski opus imenovan "The Cremaster Cycle".
05:43
This is where it really hit home for me --
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To je bila res prava stvar zame --
05:46
that my legs could be wearable sculpture.
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moje noge so postale skulpture, ki sem jih lahko nosila.
05:48
And even at this point, I started to move away from the need to replicate human-ness
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Takrat, sem se začela premikati od potrebe kopirati človeka
05:55
as the only aesthetic ideal.
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kot edini estetični ideal.
05:57
So we made what people lovingly referred to as glass legs
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Naredili smo noge, ki jih ljubkovalno imenujejo steklene noge,
06:01
even though they're actually optically clear polyurethane,
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čeprav so iz prozornega poliuretana,
06:05
a.k.a. bowling ball material.
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bolj znanega kot material za bowling krogle.
06:07
Heavy!
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Težko!
06:08
Then we made these legs that are cast in soil
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Naredili smo tudi te noge, v katerih je zemlja
06:10
with a potato root system growing in them, and beetroots out the top,
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in v njej sistem krompirjevih korenin in na vrhu pesa
06:14
and a very lovely brass toe.
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ter z zelo ljubkim medeninastim prstom.
06:16
That's a good close-up of that one.
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To je dober pogled od blizu na to nogo.
06:18
Then another character was a half-woman, half-cheetah --
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Naslednje bitje je pol žena, pol gepard --
06:20
a little homage to my life as an athlete.
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spomin na moje atletsko življenje
06:22
14 hours of prosthetic make-up
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14 ur prostetičnega make-upa
06:25
to get into a creature that had articulated paws,
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da bi postala bitje z artikuliranimi tacami,
06:29
claws and a tail that whipped around,
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kremplji in repom, ki maha naokrog,
06:33
like a gecko.
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kot gekon.
06:35
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:37
And then another pair of legs we collaborated on were these --
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Drugi par nog, na katerih smo sodelovali...
06:41
look like jellyfish legs,
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izgledajo kot noge od meduze.
06:43
also polyurethane.
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Tudi poliuretan.
06:45
And the only purpose that these legs can serve,
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In edini namen, ki mu te noge služijo
06:48
outside the context of the film,
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izven konteksta filma je,
06:51
is to provoke the senses and ignite the imagination.
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da provocira čute in vžiga domišljijo.
06:54
So whimsy matters.
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Muhavost je pomembna.
06:57
Today, I have over a dozen pair of prosthetic legs
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Danes imam preko 12 parov umetnih nog,
07:03
that various people have made for me,
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ki so mi jih naredili različni ljudje
07:05
and with them I have different negotiations of the terrain under my feet,
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in z njimi se lahko različno obnašam do terena pod seboj.
07:09
and I can change my height --
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Lahko spremenim svojo višino --
07:11
I have a variable of five different heights.
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imam pet različnih višin.
07:13
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:15
Today, I'm 6'1".
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Danes sem okrog 185 cm.
07:17
And I had these legs made a little over a year ago
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Te noge so mi naredili pred malo več kot letom
07:20
at Dorset Orthopedic in England
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pri Dorset Orthopaedic v Angliji
07:22
and when I brought them home to Manhattan,
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in ko sem jih prinesla domov na Manhattan,
07:24
my first night out on the town, I went to a very fancy party.
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in šla na eminentno zabavo,
07:26
And a girl was there who has known me for years
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je bilo tam dekle, ki me je poznala že vrsto let
07:29
at my normal 5'8".
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v moji normalni višini, 173 cm.
07:31
Her mouth dropped open when she saw me,
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Bila je popolnoma presenečena, ko me je zagledala
07:33
and she went, "But you're so tall!"
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in rekla, "Ti si vendar tako visoka!"
07:36
And I said, "I know. Isn't it fun?"
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In sem odgovorila, "Vem. Ali ni to zabavno?"
07:38
I mean, it's a little bit like wearing stilts on stilts,
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Mislim, to je skoraj tako kot bi imeli hodulje na hoduljah,
07:40
but I have an entirely new relationship to door jams
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ampak zdaj imam čisto nov odnos do višine vrat,
07:43
that I never expected I would ever have.
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česar si nikoli nisem predstavljala.
07:45
And I was having fun with it.
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Prav uživala sem v tem.
07:48
And she looked at me,
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Tisto dekle me je pogledalo
07:50
and she said, "But, Aimee, that's not fair."
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in dejalo, "Ampak, Aimee, to ni pravično."
07:52
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:55
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
07:57
And the incredible thing was she really meant it.
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Najbolj zanimivo je to, da je to resno mislila.
08:01
It's not fair that you can change your height,
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Ni pravično, da lahko spremeniš svojo višino,
08:03
as you want it.
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kot se ti zahoče.
08:05
And that's when I knew --
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In takrat sem vedela --
08:07
that's when I knew that the conversation with society
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takrat sem vedela, da se je ta dialog z družbo
08:10
has changed profoundly
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temeljito spremenil
08:12
in this last decade.
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v tej zadnjih deseti letih.
08:14
It is no longer a conversation about overcoming deficiency.
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To ni več dialog o tem, kako premostiti pomanjkljivosti.
08:19
It's a conversation about augmentation.
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To je dialog o rasti.
08:21
It's a conversation about potential.
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To je dialog o zmožnostih.
08:25
A prosthetic limb doesn't represent the need to replace loss anymore.
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Umetni ud ne predstavlja več samo potrebe, da se nadoknadi izguba.
08:30
It can stand as a symbol that the wearer
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Lahko stoji kot znamenje, da ima tisti, ki ga nosi,
08:33
has the power to create whatever it is that they want to create
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moč, da naredi, karkoli bi rad naredil
08:36
in that space.
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v tem prostoru.
08:38
So people that society once considered to be disabled
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Tako da ljudje, ki jih je družba označila kot invalide,
08:41
can now become the architects of their own identities
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zdaj lahko postanejo arhitekti svojih lastnih identitet
08:46
and indeed continue to change those identities
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in tudi neprestano menjajo svojo identiteto
08:48
by designing their bodies
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z oblikovanjem svojega telesa
08:50
from a place of empowerment.
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iz pozicije moči.
08:53
And what is exciting to me so much right now
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In kar se mi zdi trenutno zelo razburljivo,
08:58
is that by combining cutting-edge technology --
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je, da se s kombinacijo moderne tehnologije --
09:02
robotics, bionics --
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robotika, bionika --
09:04
with the age-old poetry,
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in prastare poezije,
09:06
we are moving closer to understanding our collective humanity.
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se približujemo razumevanju naše skupne človečnosti.
09:12
I think that if we want to discover the full potential
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Če bi želeli odkriti celoten potencijal
09:17
in our humanity,
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v našem človeštvu,
09:19
we need to celebrate those heartbreaking strengths
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moramo praznovati srce parajoče moči
09:23
and those glorious disabilities that we all have.
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in veličastne omejitve, ki jih imamo vsi.
09:26
I think of Shakespeare's Shylock:
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Pomislim na Shakespeare-ovega Shylock-a:
09:29
"If you prick us, do we not bleed,
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"Če nas prebodeš, mar ne krvavimo,
09:33
and if you tickle us, do we not laugh?"
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in če nas žgečkaš, mar se ne smejimo?"
09:36
It is our humanity,
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Naša človečnost je tista,
09:39
and all the potential within it,
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in ves potencijal z njo,
09:41
that makes us beautiful.
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ki nas naredi lepe.
09:44
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
09:45
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actorA record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics.
Why you should listen
Aimee Mullins was born without fibular bones, and had both of her legs amputated below the knee when she was an infant. She learned to walk on prosthetics, then to run -- competing at the national and international level as a champion sprinter, and setting world records at the 1996 Paralympics in Atlanta. At Georgetown, where she double-majored in history and diplomacy, she became the first double amputee to compete in NCAA Division 1 track and field.
After school, Mullins did some modeling -- including a legendary runway show for Alexander McQueen -- and then turned to acting, appearing as the Leopard Queen in Matthew Barney's Cremaster Cycle. In 2008 she was the official Ambassador for the Tribeca/ESPN Sports Film Festival.
She's a passionate advocate for a new kind of thinking about prosthetics, and recently mentioned to an interviewer that she's been looking closely at MIT's in-development powered robotic ankle, "which I fully plan on having."
Aimee Mullins | Speaker | TED.com