ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actor
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics.

Why you should listen

Aimee Mullins was born without fibular bones, and had both of her legs amputated below the knee when she was an infant. She learned to walk on prosthetics, then to run -- competing at the national and international level as a champion sprinter, and setting world records at the 1996 Paralympics in Atlanta. At Georgetown, where she double-majored in history and diplomacy, she became the first double amputee to compete in NCAA Division 1 track and field.

After school, Mullins did some modeling -- including a legendary runway show for Alexander McQueen -- and then turned to acting, appearing as the Leopard Queen in Matthew Barney's Cremaster Cycle. In 2008 she was the official Ambassador for the Tribeca/ESPN Sports Film Festival.

She's a passionate advocate for a new kind of thinking about prosthetics, and recently mentioned to an interviewer that she's been looking closely at MIT's in-development powered robotic ankle, "which I fully plan on having."

More profile about the speaker
Aimee Mullins | Speaker | TED.com
TED2009

Aimee Mullins: My 12 pairs of legs

Aimee Mullins e seus 12 pares de pernas

Filmed:
4,380,008 views

A atleta, atriz e ativista Aimee Mullins fala de suas pernas protéticas - ela tem 12 incríveis pares - e dos superpoderes que elas a oferecem: velocidade, beleza, 15 centímetros a mais de altura. De maneira bem simples, ela redefine o que o corpo pode ser.
- Athlete and actor
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I was speaking to a group of about 300 kids,
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Eu falava com cerca de 300 crianças
00:15
ages six to eight, at a children's museum,
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entre seis e oito anos, num museu para crianças,
00:17
and I brought with me a bag full of legs,
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e trouxe comigo uma mala cheia de pernas,
00:21
similar to the kinds of things you see up here,
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parecidas com as que estão aqui,
00:23
and had them laid out on a table for the kids.
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e as coloquei numa mesa, para as crianças.
00:25
And, from my experience, you know, kids are naturally curious
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Por experiência própria, sei que crianças são naturalmente curiosas
00:29
about what they don't know, or don't understand,
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sobre o que elas não sabem, ou não compreendem,
00:31
or is foreign to them.
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ou pelo que é estranho a elas.
00:33
They only learn to be frightened of those differences
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Elas só aprendem a ter medo dessas diferenças
00:35
when an adult influences them to behave that way,
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quando um adulto as influencia a ser assim,
00:38
and maybe censors that natural curiosity,
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e talvez censure essa curiosidade
00:41
or you know, reins in the question-asking
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e controle as perguntas esperando
00:44
in the hopes of them being polite little kids.
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que elas sejam criancinhas comportadas.
00:46
So I just pictured a first grade teacher out in the lobby
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Imaginei um professor de primeira série no lobby, com algumas
00:50
with these unruly kids, saying, "Now, whatever you do,
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crianças baderneiras, dizendo: "O que quer que façam,
00:53
don't stare at her legs."
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não fiquem olhando para as pernas dela."
00:55
But, of course, that's the point.
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Mas, é claro, esse era o objetivo.
00:57
That's why I was there, I wanted to invite them to look and explore.
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Eu estava lá para que elas olhassem e explorassem.
01:00
So I made a deal with the adults
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Então, combinei com os adultos
01:04
that the kids could come in without any adults for two minutes
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que as crianças poderiam entrar sozinhas, sem adultos,
01:07
on their own.
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por dois minutos.
01:09
The doors open, the kids descend on this table of legs,
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Abrem-se as portas, as crianças avançam sobre a mesa com as pernas
01:13
and they are poking and prodding, and they're wiggling toes,
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e elas as tocam, pegam, dobram os dedos,
01:16
and they're trying to put their full weight on the sprinting leg
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põem todo o seu peso sobre a perna de corrida
01:18
to see what happens with that.
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para ver o que acontece.
01:20
And I said, "Kids, really quickly --
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E eu disse: "Crianças, rápido:
01:22
I woke up this morning, I decided I wanted to be able to jump over a house --
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Eu acordei hoje e decidi que quero poder saltar sobre uma casa.
01:26
nothing too big, two or three stories --
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Nada muito grande, só dois ou três andares.
01:28
but, if you could think of any animal, any superhero, any cartoon character,
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Se vocês pudessem pensar em um animal, ou super-herói, ou desenho animado,
01:33
anything you can dream up right now,
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qualquer coisa que vocês possam imaginar agora,
01:35
what kind of legs would you build me?"
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que tipo de pernas vocês fariam para mim?"
01:37
And immediately a voice shouted, "Kangaroo!"
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Imediatamente, alguém gritou "canguru!"
01:40
"No, no, no! Should be a frog!"
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"Não, não! Deveria ser um sapo!"
01:42
"No. It should be Go Go Gadget!"
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"Não. Deveria ser o Inspetor Bugiganga!"
01:44
"No, no, no! It should be the Incredibles."
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"Não, não! Deveria ser Os Incríveis."
01:46
And other things that I don't -- aren't familiar with.
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E outras coisas que eu não conheço.
01:49
And then, one eight-year-old said,
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Então, um de oito anos perguntou:
01:51
"Hey, why wouldn't you want to fly too?"
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"Ei, por que você não gostaria de voar, também?"
01:56
And the whole room, including me, was like, "Yeah."
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E todos, inclusive eu, fizemos "É..."
01:59
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
02:01
And just like that, I went from being a woman
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E, de repente, eu deixei de ser uma mulher
02:04
that these kids would have been trained to see as "disabled"
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que as crianças teriam sido treinadas para ver como "deficiente"
02:08
to somebody that had potential that their bodies didn't have yet.
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e passei a ter um potencial que seus corpos não tinham.
02:13
Somebody that might even be super-abled.
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Alguém que poderia ser supercapacitada.
02:15
Interesting.
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Interessante.
02:17
So some of you actually saw me at TED, 11 years ago.
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Alguns de vocês me viram no TED, há 11 anos.
02:22
And there's been a lot of talk about how life-changing this conference is
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Muito se fala sobre como esta conferência muda a vida
02:26
for both speakers and attendees, and I am no exception.
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de palestrantes e conferencistas. Não sou exceção.
02:30
TED literally was the launch pad to the next decade of my life's exploration.
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O TED foi o lançamento da próxima década da exploração de minha vida.
02:36
At the time, the legs I presented were groundbreaking in prosthetics.
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Na época, as pernas que apresentei eram uma revolução em protética.
02:41
I had woven carbon fiber sprinting legs
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Eu tinha pernas de corrida em fibra de carbono trançada,
02:43
modeled after the hind leg of a cheetah,
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modeladas como as patas traseiras de um guepardo,
02:45
which you may have seen on stage yesterday.
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que vocês devem ter visto no palco ontem.
02:47
And also these very life-like, intrinsically painted silicone legs.
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Também tinha pernas bem realistas, feitas de silicone pintado.
02:53
So at the time, it was my opportunity to put a call out
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Naquele dia, tive a oportunidade de chamar
02:57
to innovators outside the traditional medical prosthetic community
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inovadores fora do campo da protética médica tradicional
03:01
to come bring their talent to the science and to the art
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para que trouxessem seu talento para a ciência e a arte
03:05
of building legs.
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de fazer pernas.
03:07
So that we can stop compartmentalizing form, function and aesthetic,
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Para que parássemos de compartimentalizar forma, função e estética
03:12
and assigning them different values.
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e atribuíssemos a elas valores diferentes.
03:14
Well, lucky for me, a lot of people answered that call.
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Bem, para minha sorte, muitos atenderam a meu chamado.
03:18
And the journey started, funny enough, with a TED conference attendee --
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E a jornada começou com uma conferencista do TED:
03:23
Chee Pearlman, who hopefully is in the audience somewhere today.
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Chee Pearlman, que, espero, esteja na plateia hoje.
03:26
She was the editor then of a magazine called ID,
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Ela era a editora de uma revista chamada ID,
03:29
and she gave me a cover story.
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e ela me deu uma reportagem de capa.
03:32
This started an incredible journey.
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Isto começou uma incrível jornada.
03:35
Curious encounters were happening to me at the time;
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Encontros curiosos aconteciam comigo naquela época.
03:37
I'd been accepting numerous invitations to speak
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Eu vinha aceitando vários convites para falar
03:40
on the design of the cheetah legs around the world.
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sobre o design das pernas de guepardo pelo mundo.
03:43
And people would come up to me after the conference, after my talk,
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Gente vinha falar comigo depois da conferência,
03:46
men and women.
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homens e mulheres,
03:48
And the conversation would go something like this,
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e a conversa era algo como...
03:50
"You know Aimee, you're very attractive.
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"Sabe, Aimee, você é muito bonita.
03:54
You don't look disabled."
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Você não parece deficiente."
03:56
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
03:57
I thought, "Well, that's amazing,
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Eu pensava: "Incrível,
03:59
because I don't feel disabled."
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porque não me sinto deficiente."
04:01
And it really opened my eyes to this conversation
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Isto abriu meus olhos para essa conversa
04:06
that could be explored, about beauty.
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que podia ser explorada, sobre beleza.
04:08
What does a beautiful woman have to look like?
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Como uma mulher bonita tem que parecer?
04:11
What is a sexy body?
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O que é um corpo sexy?
04:13
And interestingly, from an identity standpoint,
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E, de forma interessante, uma questão de identidade:
04:15
what does it mean to have a disability?
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o que significa ter uma deficiência?
04:18
I mean, people -- Pamela Anderson has more prosthetic in her body than I do.
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Gente, a Pamela Anderson tem mais protético no corpo que eu.
04:21
Nobody calls her disabled.
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Ninguém a chama de deficiente.
04:23
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
04:29
So this magazine, through the hands of graphic designer Peter Saville,
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Então essa revista, por meio do designer gráfico Peter Saville,
04:33
went to fashion designer Alexander McQueen, and photographer Nick Knight,
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chamou o designer de moda Alexander McQueen, e o fotógrafo Nick Knight,
04:38
who were also interested in exploring that conversation.
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que também se interessavam pela conversa.
04:40
So, three months after TED I found myself on a plane
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Três meses depois do TED, encontrei-me num avião
04:43
to London, doing my first fashion shoot,
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rumo a Londres, para meu primeiro ensaio de moda,
04:48
which resulted in this cover --
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que resultou nesta capa:
04:49
"Fashion-able"?
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"Mod-eficiente?"
04:52
Three months after that, I did my first runway show for Alexander McQueen
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Três meses depois, fiz meu primeiro desfile de moda para Alexander McQueen
04:56
on a pair of hand-carved wooden legs made from solid ash.
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com um par de pernas talhadas a mão feitas em madeira sólida de cinzas.
05:01
Nobody knew -- everyone thought they were wooden boots.
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Ninguém percebeu. Todos pensaram que eram botas de madeira.
05:04
Actually, I have them on stage with me:
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Inclusive, tenho elas comigo no palco:
05:07
grapevines, magnolias -- truly stunning.
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Videiras, magnólias, realmente assombrosas.
05:12
Poetry matters.
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A poesia é importante.
05:15
Poetry is what elevates the banal and neglected object
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A poesia é o que eleva o objeto banal e negligenciado
05:20
to a realm of art.
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a um reino de arte.
05:22
It can transform the thing that might have made people fearful
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Ela pode transformar aquilo que amedrontaria as pessoas
05:28
into something that invites them to look,
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em algo que as convide a olhar,
05:30
and look a little longer,
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e olhar um pouco mais,
05:33
and maybe even understand.
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e talvez até entender.
05:35
I learned this firsthand with my next adventure.
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Aprendi isso em primeira mão com minha próxima aventura.
05:39
The artist Matthew Barney, in his film opus called the "The Cremaster Cycle."
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O artista Matthew Barney, em sua obra fílmica "The Cremaster Cycle."
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This is where it really hit home for me --
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Foi quando eu realmente me dei conta
05:46
that my legs could be wearable sculpture.
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que minhas pernas poderiam ser esculturas usáveis.
05:48
And even at this point, I started to move away from the need to replicate human-ness
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A partir daí, passei a me afastar da necessidade de replicar a humanidade
05:55
as the only aesthetic ideal.
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como o único ideal estético.
05:57
So we made what people lovingly referred to as glass legs
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Então, fizemos o que chamam carinhosamente de pernas de cristal,
06:01
even though they're actually optically clear polyurethane,
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ainda que sejam, na verdade, de poliuretano translúcido,
06:05
a.k.a. bowling ball material.
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material de bolas de boliche.
06:07
Heavy!
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Pesado!
06:08
Then we made these legs that are cast in soil
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Depois fizemos estas pernas com terra,
06:10
with a potato root system growing in them, and beetroots out the top,
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com raízes de batata crescendo nelas, beterrabas em cima,
06:14
and a very lovely brass toe.
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e com um adorável dedo de bronze.
06:16
That's a good close-up of that one.
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Este é um bom close.
06:18
Then another character was a half-woman, half-cheetah --
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Depois, outra personagem: meio-mulher, meio-guepardo.
06:20
a little homage to my life as an athlete.
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Uma homenagem à minha vida de atleta.
06:22
14 hours of prosthetic make-up
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14 horas de maquiagem protética
06:25
to get into a creature that had articulated paws,
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para tornar-me uma criatura com patas articuladas,
06:29
claws and a tail that whipped around,
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garras e uma cauda que balançava,
06:33
like a gecko.
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como uma lagartixa.
06:35
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
06:37
And then another pair of legs we collaborated on were these --
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E ainda outro par de pernas no qual colaboramos foram estas...
06:41
look like jellyfish legs,
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pernas que parecem águas-vivas.
06:43
also polyurethane.
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Também poliuretano.
06:45
And the only purpose that these legs can serve,
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E o único propósito destas pernas,
06:48
outside the context of the film,
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fora do contexto do filme,
06:51
is to provoke the senses and ignite the imagination.
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é provocar os sentidos e atiçar a imaginação.
06:54
So whimsy matters.
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Caprichos são importantes.
06:57
Today, I have over a dozen pair of prosthetic legs
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Hoje, tenho mais de uma dúzia de pares de pernas protéticas
07:03
that various people have made for me,
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que várias pessoas fizeram para mim,
07:05
and with them I have different negotiations of the terrain under my feet,
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e com elas tenho diferentes negociações com o terreno sob meus pés.
07:09
and I can change my height --
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E eu posso mudar de altura.
07:11
I have a variable of five different heights.
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Vario entre cinco diferentes alturas.
07:13
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
07:15
Today, I'm 6'1".
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Hoje, eu tenho 1,85m.
07:17
And I had these legs made a little over a year ago
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Fizeram estas pernas para mim há pouco mais de um ano
07:20
at Dorset Orthopedic in England
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no Dorset Orthopaedic, na Inglaterra.
07:22
and when I brought them home to Manhattan,
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Quando as levei para casa, em Manhattan,
07:24
my first night out on the town, I went to a very fancy party.
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na primeira noite em que saí, fui a uma festa muito elegante.
07:26
And a girl was there who has known me for years
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Uma garota estava lá, e ela me conhece há anos...
07:29
at my normal 5'8".
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com minha altura normal de 1,73m.
07:31
Her mouth dropped open when she saw me,
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Ela ficou boquiaberta quando me viu,
07:33
and she went, "But you're so tall!"
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e disse: "Mas você está tão alta!"
07:36
And I said, "I know. Isn't it fun?"
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E eu disse: "Eu sei, não é divertido?"
07:38
I mean, it's a little bit like wearing stilts on stilts,
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Quero dizer, é como usar saltos sobre saltos,
07:40
but I have an entirely new relationship to door jams
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mas tenho uma relação totalmente nova com os marcos das portas
07:43
that I never expected I would ever have.
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que eu nunca imaginei que teria.
07:45
And I was having fun with it.
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E eu estava me divertindo com isso.
07:48
And she looked at me,
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Ela olhou para mim
07:50
and she said, "But, Aimee, that's not fair."
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e disse: "Mas, Aimee, isso não é justo."
07:52
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
07:55
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
07:57
And the incredible thing was she really meant it.
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E o incrível é que ela realmente falou sério.
08:01
It's not fair that you can change your height,
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Não é justo que você possa mudar de altura,
08:03
as you want it.
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como queira.
08:05
And that's when I knew --
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Foi aí que eu soube.
08:07
that's when I knew that the conversation with society
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Foi quando eu soube que a conversa com a sociedade
08:10
has changed profoundly
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mudou profundamente
08:12
in this last decade.
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na última década.
08:14
It is no longer a conversation about overcoming deficiency.
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Não é mais um discurso sobre superar a deficiência.
08:19
It's a conversation about augmentation.
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É um discurso sobre acréscimo.
08:21
It's a conversation about potential.
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É um discurso sobre potencial.
08:25
A prosthetic limb doesn't represent the need to replace loss anymore.
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Um membro protético não representa mais a necessidade de substituir a perda.
08:30
It can stand as a symbol that the wearer
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Ele pode ser o símbolo de que o usuário
08:33
has the power to create whatever it is that they want to create
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tem o poder de criar o que quer que seja
08:36
in that space.
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naquele espaço.
08:38
So people that society once considered to be disabled
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De modo que pessoas que a sociedade uma vez considerou deficientes
08:41
can now become the architects of their own identities
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agora podem ser os arquitetos de suas próprias identidades
08:46
and indeed continue to change those identities
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e, de fato, continuar a mudar essas identidades
08:48
by designing their bodies
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ao desenhar seus corpos
08:50
from a place of empowerment.
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desde uma posição de poder.
08:53
And what is exciting to me so much right now
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E o que me entusiasma tanto agora
08:58
is that by combining cutting-edge technology --
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é que, ao combinarmos tecnologia de ponta --
09:02
robotics, bionics --
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robótica, biônica --
09:04
with the age-old poetry,
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com a antiga poesia,
09:06
we are moving closer to understanding our collective humanity.
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nos aproximamos da compreensão de nossa humanidade coletiva.
09:12
I think that if we want to discover the full potential
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Penso que, se quisermos descobrir todo o potencial
09:17
in our humanity,
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de nossa humanidade,
09:19
we need to celebrate those heartbreaking strengths
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temos que celebrar os dilacerantes pontos fortes
09:23
and those glorious disabilities that we all have.
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e as gloriosas deficiências que todos nós temos.
09:26
I think of Shakespeare's Shylock:
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Penso em Shylock, de Shakespeare:
09:29
"If you prick us, do we not bleed,
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"Se nos espetardes, não sangramos?
09:33
and if you tickle us, do we not laugh?"
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Se nos fizerdes cócegas, não rimos?"
09:36
It is our humanity,
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É a nossa humanidade,
09:39
and all the potential within it,
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e todo o potencial dentro dela,
09:41
that makes us beautiful.
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que nos torna belos.
09:44
Thank you.
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Obrigada.
09:45
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actor
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics.

Why you should listen

Aimee Mullins was born without fibular bones, and had both of her legs amputated below the knee when she was an infant. She learned to walk on prosthetics, then to run -- competing at the national and international level as a champion sprinter, and setting world records at the 1996 Paralympics in Atlanta. At Georgetown, where she double-majored in history and diplomacy, she became the first double amputee to compete in NCAA Division 1 track and field.

After school, Mullins did some modeling -- including a legendary runway show for Alexander McQueen -- and then turned to acting, appearing as the Leopard Queen in Matthew Barney's Cremaster Cycle. In 2008 she was the official Ambassador for the Tribeca/ESPN Sports Film Festival.

She's a passionate advocate for a new kind of thinking about prosthetics, and recently mentioned to an interviewer that she's been looking closely at MIT's in-development powered robotic ankle, "which I fully plan on having."

More profile about the speaker
Aimee Mullins | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

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