TEDWomen 2010
Joan Halifax: Compassion and the true meaning of empathy
Džoan Halifaks (Joan Halifax): Saosećenje i pravo značenje empatije
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Budistički roši Džoan Halifaks radi sa ljudima koji su u poslednjoj fazi života (koji se suočavaju sa neizlečivom bolešću ili su osuđeni na smrt). Ona govori o onome što je naučila o saosećanju suočena sa smrću i umiranjem i daje temeljni uvid u prirodu empatije.
Joan Halifax - Author, Zen priest
Known for her compassionate work with the terminally ill, Joan Halifax is a driving force of socially engaged Buddhism. Full bio
Known for her compassionate work with the terminally ill, Joan Halifax is a driving force of socially engaged Buddhism. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I want to address the issue of compassion.
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Želim da govorim o saosećanju.
00:18
Compassion has many faces.
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Saosećanje ima mnogo lica.
00:21
Some of them are fierce; some of them are wrathful;
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Neka od njih su divlja; neka su gnevna;
00:24
some of them are tender; some of them are wise.
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neka su nežna; neka su mudra.
00:27
A line that the Dalai Lama once said,
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Dalaj Lama je jednom rekao,
00:30
he said, "Love and compassion are necessities.
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"Ljubav i saosećanje su neophodni.
00:33
They are not luxuries.
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Oni nisu luksuz.
00:36
Without them,
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Bez njih,
00:38
humanity cannot survive."
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čovečanstvo ne može opstati."
00:40
And I would suggest,
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Ja bih dodala
00:42
it is not only humanity that won't survive,
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da ne samo da čovečanstvo neće opstati
00:45
but it is all species on the planet,
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već sva živa bića na planeti,
00:47
as we've heard today.
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kao što smo danas čuli.
00:49
It is the big cats,
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To su velike mačke
00:51
and it's the plankton.
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i planktoni.
00:54
Two weeks ago, I was in Bangalore in India.
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Pre dve nedelje sam bila u Bangaloru u Indiji.
00:57
I was so privileged
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To je bila velika privilegija
00:59
to be able to teach in a hospice
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da mogu predavati u domu za umiruće,
01:02
on the outskirts of Bangalore.
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na periferiji Bangalora.
01:04
And early in the morning,
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Rano ujutru
01:06
I went into the ward.
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otišla sam u bolničku sobu.
01:08
In that hospice,
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U tom domu
01:10
there were 31 men and women
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je bila 31 osoba, muškarci i žene,
01:12
who were actively dying.
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koji su aktivno umirali.
01:14
And I walked up to the bedside
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Prišla sam
01:16
of an old woman
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jednoj staroj ženi
01:18
who was breathing very rapidly, fragile,
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koja je ubrzano disala, bila je krhka
01:21
obviously in the latter phase
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očigledno u kasnijoj fazi
01:23
of active dying.
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aktivnog umiranja.
01:26
I looked into her face.
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Pogledala sam njeno lice.
01:28
I looked into the face
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Pogledala sam lice
01:30
of her son sitting next to her,
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njenog sina koji je sedeo pored nje,
01:32
and his face was just riven
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njegovo lice je bilo smrvljeno
01:34
with grief and confusion.
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od tuge i zbunjenosti.
01:37
And I remembered
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I setila sam se
01:40
a line from the Mahabharata,
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stiha iz Mahabharate
01:43
the great Indian epic:
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čuvenog indijskog epa:
01:46
"What is the most wondrous thing in the world, Yudhisthira?"
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"Šta je najčudesnija stvar na svetu, Judistara?"
01:51
And Yudhisthira replied,
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I Judistara odgovara,
01:53
"The most wondrous thing in the world
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"Najčudesnija stvar na svetu
01:56
is that all around us
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je to što svuda oko nas
01:59
people can be dying
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ljudi umiru,
02:01
and we don't realize
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a mi ne shvatamo
02:03
it can happen to us."
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da to može da se desi nama."
02:13
I looked up.
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Pogledala sam naviše.
02:17
Tending those 31 dying people
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O tih 31 ljudi
02:20
were young women
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brinule su se mlade žene
02:22
from villages around Bangalore.
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iz sela iz okoline Banagalora.
02:24
I looked into the face of one of these women,
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Pogledala sam u lice jedne od tih žena
02:27
and I saw in her face
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i na njenom licu sam videla
02:30
the strength that arises
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snagu koja se rađa
02:32
when natural compassion is really present.
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kada je prirodno saosećanje zaista prisutno.
02:35
I watched her hands
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Posmatrala sam joj ruke
02:37
as she bathed an old man.
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dok je kupala jednog starca.
02:41
My gaze went to another young woman
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Moj pogled je odlutao do druge mlade žene
02:45
as she wiped the face
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dok je brisala lice
02:48
of another dying person.
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jedne druge osobe koja umire.
02:50
And it reminded me
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I to me je podsetilo na nešto
02:52
of something that I had just been present for.
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čemu sam prisustvovala.
02:54
Every year or so,
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Svake godine
02:56
I have the privilege of taking clinicians
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imam priliku da vodim medicinske radnike
02:58
into the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau.
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na Himalaje i na Tibetansku visoravan.
03:01
And we run clinics
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Mi vodimo klinike
03:03
in these very remote regions
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u ovim veoma udaljenim regionima
03:05
where there's no medical care whatsoever.
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gde nema nikakve medicinske nege.
03:08
And on the first day at Simikot in Humla,
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Prvog dana u Simikotu u Humli
03:12
far west of Nepal,
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na dalekom zapadu Nepala,
03:14
the most impoverished region of Nepal,
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najsiromašnijem delu Nepala,
03:17
an old man came in
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ušao je stari čovek
03:19
clutching a bundle of rags.
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držeći gomilu prnja.
03:22
And he walked in, and somebody said something to him,
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On je ušao i neko mu je nešto rekao
03:25
we realized he was deaf,
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i shvatili smo da je gluv,
03:27
and we looked into the rags,
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pogledali smo u njegovo prnje,
03:29
and there was this pair of eyes.
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i tu je bio par očiju.
03:32
The rags were unwrapped
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U prnje je bila zamotana
03:34
from a little girl
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mala devojčica
03:36
whose body was massively burned.
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čije je telo pretrpelo teške opekotine.
03:41
Again,
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Opet,
03:43
the eyes and hands
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oči i ruke
03:45
of Avalokiteshvara.
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Avalokitešvare.
03:47
It was the young women, the health aids,
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Mlada žena, medicinska radnica
03:50
who cleaned the wounds of this baby
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je očistila rane ovoj bebi
03:53
and dressed the wounds.
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i previla joj rane.
03:55
I know those hands and eyes;
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Znam te ruke i te oči;
03:57
they touched me as well.
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i mene su takođe dodirivale.
03:59
They touched me at that time.
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Dodirivale su me tada.
04:01
They have touched me throughout my 68 years.
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I dodiruju me već mojih 68 godina.
04:04
They touched me when I was four
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Dodirivale su me kad sam imala četiri godina
04:06
and I lost my eyesight
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i izgubila vid
04:08
and was partially paralyzed.
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i bila delom paralizovana.
04:10
And my family brought in
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Moja porodica je dovela
04:12
a woman whose mother had been a slave
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ženu čija je majka bila robinja
04:14
to take care of me.
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da se brine o meni.
04:17
And that woman
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I ta žena
04:19
did not have sentimental compassion.
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nije imala sentimentalno saosećanje.
04:21
She had phenomenal strength.
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Ona je imala neverovatnu snagu,
04:24
And it was really her strength, I believe,
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I verujem da je njena snaga
04:26
that became the kind of mudra and imprimatur
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postala neka vrsta "mudre" i odobrenja
04:29
that has been a guiding light in my life.
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koja je bila svetlo koje me je vodilo kroz život.
04:33
So we can ask:
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Možemo da postavimo pitanje:
04:36
What is compassion comprised of?
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Od čega se sastoji saosećanje?
04:40
And there are various facets.
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Postoji nekoliko aspekata.
04:42
And there's referential and non-referential compassion.
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I postoji referentno i nereferentno saosećanje.
04:45
But first, compassion is comprised
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Ali prvo, saosećanje se sastoji iz
04:47
of that capacity
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sposobnosti
04:49
to see clearly
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da se ima jasan uvid
04:51
into the nature of suffering.
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u prirodu patnje.
04:53
It is that ability
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To je sposobnost
04:55
to really stand strong
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da budemo jaki
04:57
and to recognize also
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ali da takođe znamo
04:59
that I'm not separate from this suffering.
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da nismo odvojeni od te patnje.
05:01
But that is not enough,
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Ali to nije dovoljno,
05:03
because compassion,
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jer saosećanje
05:05
which activates the motor cortex,
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koje aktivira motorni korteks,
05:07
means that we aspire,
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znači da težimo
05:10
we actually aspire to transform suffering.
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da zapravo težimo da transformišemo tu patnju.
05:13
And if we're so blessed,
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I ako smo tolike sreće
05:15
we engage in activities
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da učestvujemo u stvarima
05:17
that transform suffering.
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koja mogu da transformišu patnju.
05:19
But compassion has another component,
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Ali saosećanje ima još jednu komponentu
05:21
and that component is really essential.
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i ta komponenta je zaista esencijalna.
05:24
That component
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Ta komponenta
05:26
is that we cannot be attached to outcome.
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znači da ne možemo biti vezani za ishod.
05:29
Now I worked with dying people
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Ja sam radila sa ljudima koji umiru
05:32
for over 40 years.
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preko 40 godina.
05:35
I had the privilege of working on death row
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Imala sam privilegiju da šest godina radim sa ljudima
05:38
in a maximum security [prison] for six years.
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osuđenim na smrt, u zatvoru sa maksimalnim obezbeđenjem.
05:41
And I realized so clearly
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I jasno sam shvatila
05:43
in bringing my own life experience,
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iz svog ličnog iskustva,
05:45
from working with dying people
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radeći sa ljudima koji umiru
05:47
and training caregivers,
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sa negovateljima
05:50
that any attachment to outcome
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da bi svaka veza sa ishodom
05:52
would distort deeply
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duboko poremetila
05:54
my own capacity to be fully present
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moj lični kapacitet da budem potpuno prisutna
05:57
to the whole catastrophe.
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u čitavoj katastrofi.
06:00
And when I worked in the prison system,
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Dok sam radila u zatvosrkom sistemu,
06:02
it was so clear to me, this:
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sledeće mi je bilo vrlo jasno:
06:05
that many of us
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mnogi od nas
06:07
in this room,
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u ovoj sobi
06:09
and almost all of the men that I worked with on death row,
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i kod skoro svih ljudi koji su čekali smrtnu kaznu i sa kojima sam radila,
06:12
the seeds of their own compassion had never been watered.
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seme njihovog saosećanja nikada nije bilo zalivano.
06:15
That compassion is actually
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Da je saosećanje zapravo
06:17
an inherent human quality.
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inherentni ljudski kvalitet.
06:20
It is there within every human being.
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Ono je u svakom ljudskom biću.
06:23
But the conditions
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Ali uslovi
06:25
for compassion to be activated,
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koji aktiviraju saosećanje,
06:29
to be aroused,
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koji ga bude,
06:31
are particular conditions.
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su posebni uslovi.
06:33
I had that condition, to a certain extent,
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Ja sam taj uslov imala, donekle,
06:36
from my own childhood illness.
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zbog svoje dečije bolesti.
06:38
Eve Ensler, whom you'll hear later,
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Iv Ensler, koju ćete kasnije čuti,
06:41
has had that condition activated
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aktivirala je ove uslove
06:43
amazingly in her
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u sebi
06:46
through the various waters of suffering
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kroz razne vode patnje
06:49
that she has been through.
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kroz koje je prošla.
06:52
And what is fascinating
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I fascinantno je
06:54
is that compassion has enemies,
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da saosećanje ima neprijatelje,
06:57
and those enemies are things like pity,
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a ti neprijatelji su sažaljenje,
07:02
moral outrage,
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moralna pokvarenost,
07:05
fear.
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strah.
07:07
And you know, we have a society, a world,
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I znate, mi imamo društvo, svet
07:10
that is paralyzed by fear.
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koji je paralisan od straha.
07:13
And in that paralysis, of course,
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I u toj paralizi, naravno,
07:15
our capacity for compassion
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naša sposobonst za saosećanjem
07:17
is also paralyzed.
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je takođe paralizovana.
07:19
The very word terror
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Sama reč teror
07:21
is global.
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je globalna.
07:23
The very feeling of terror is global.
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Sam osećaj terora je globalan.
07:26
So our work, in a certain way,
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Tako da naš rad, na neki način,
07:28
is to address this imago,
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pokušava da ispravi ovu sliku,
07:30
this kind of archetype
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ovu vrstu arhetipa
07:32
that has pervaded the psyche
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koji obuzima psihu
07:34
of our entire globe.
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čitave planete.
07:38
Now we know from neuroscience
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Zahvaljujući nauci znamo
07:41
that compassion has
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da saosećanje ima
07:43
some very extraordinary qualities.
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neke neverovatne kvalitete.
07:45
For example:
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Na primer:
07:47
A person who is cultivating compassion,
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osoba koja gaji saosećanje
07:50
when they are in the presence of suffering,
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u prisustvu patnje nekog drugog
07:53
they feel that suffering a lot more
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sama oseća tu patnju mnogo jače
07:56
than many other people do.
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nego mnogi drugi ljudi.
07:58
However,
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Međutim,
08:00
they return to baseline a lot sooner.
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oni se vrate u normalu mnogo brže.
08:03
This is called resilience.
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To se zove otpornost.
08:05
Many of us think that compassion drains us,
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Mnogi od nas misle da nas saosećanje iscrpljuje,
08:08
but I promise you
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ali verujte mi
08:10
it is something that truly enlivens us.
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to je nešto što nas istinski oživljava.
08:13
Another thing about compassion
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Još jedna stvar kod saosećanja
08:15
is that it really enhances what's called neural integration.
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je da ono pojačava ono što se zove nervna integracija.
08:18
It hooks up all parts of the brain.
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Ono spaja sve delove mozga.
08:22
Another, which has been discovered
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Još nešto što su otkrili
08:24
by various researchers
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razni naučnici
08:26
at Emory and at Davis and so on,
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na Imoriju i Dejvisu i tako dalje,
08:29
is that compassion enhances our immune system.
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je to što saosećanje poboljšava naš imuni sistem.
08:34
Hey,
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Hej,
08:36
we live in a very noxious world.
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mi živimo u veoma nezdravom svetu.
08:38
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:40
Most of us are shrinking
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Mnogi od nas slabe,
08:42
in the face of psycho-social and physical poisons,
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suočeni sa psiho-socijalnim i fizičkim otrovima,
08:45
of the toxins of our world.
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toksinima ovog sveta.
08:48
But compassion, the generation of compassion,
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Ali saosećanje, stvaranje saosećanja,
08:50
actually mobilizes
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zapravo mobiliše
08:53
our immunity.
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naš imunitet.
08:56
You know, if compassion is so good for us,
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Ako je saosećanje dobro za nas,
08:59
I have a question.
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ja imam jedno pitanje.
09:03
Why don't we train our children
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Zašto ne učimo našu decu
09:05
in compassion?
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da saosećaju?
09:08
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
09:13
If compassion is so good for us,
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Ako je saosećanje dobro za nas,
09:16
why don't we train our health care providers in compassion
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zašto ne učimo naše negovatelje saosećanju
09:20
so that they can do what they're supposed to do,
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tako da oni mogu da rade ono što treba da rade,
09:23
which is to really transform suffering?
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što je zapravo da transformišu patnju?
09:26
And if compassion is so good for us,
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I ako je saosećanje tako dobro za nas,
09:29
why don't we vote on compassion?
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zašto ne glasamo za saosećanje?
09:33
Why don't we vote for people in our government
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Zašto ne glasamo za ljude u vladi
09:37
based on compassion,
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na osnovu saosećanja,
09:39
so that we can have
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tako da možemo da imamo
09:41
a more caring world?
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brižniji svet?
09:44
In Buddhism,
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U Budizmu
09:46
we say, "it takes a strong back and a soft front."
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mi kažemo, "potrebna su jaka leđa i meko lice."
09:49
It takes tremendous strength of the back
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Potrebna je neverovatna snaga leđa
09:52
to uphold yourself in the midst of conditions.
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da se držite pravo u situacijama.
09:55
And that is the mental quality of equanimity.
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I to je mentalni kvalitet smirenosti.
09:58
But it also takes a soft front --
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Ali je takođe potrebno i meko lice -
10:01
the capacity to really be open to the world as it is,
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kapacitet da budete otvoreni prema svetu takvom kakav jeste,
10:04
to have an undefended heart.
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da imate nebranjeno srce.
10:06
And the archetype of this in Buddhism
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Arhetip ovoga u Budizmu
10:09
is Avalokiteshvara, Kuan-Yin.
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je Avalokitešvara, Kuan-Jin.
10:11
It's a female archetype:
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To je ženski arhetip:
10:14
she who perceives
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ona koja čuje
10:16
the cries of suffering in the world.
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krikove patnje na ovom svetu.
10:23
She stands with 10,000 arms,
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Ona stoji sa 10.000 ruku,
10:27
and in every hand,
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u svakoj ruci,
10:29
there is an instrument of liberation,
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je instrument oslobađanja,
10:32
and in the palm of every hand, there are eyes,
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i na dlanu svake šake, su oči,
10:35
and these are the eyes of wisdom.
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i te oči su oči mudrosti.
10:38
I say that, for thousands of years,
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Ja mislim da već hiljadama godina
10:41
women have lived,
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žene žive
10:43
exemplified, met in intimacy,
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predstavljaju se, susreću sa
10:47
the archetype of Avalokitesvara,
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arhetipom Avalokitešvare
10:50
of Kuan-Yin,
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Kuan-Jin,
10:52
she who perceives
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one koja čuje
10:54
the cries of suffering in the world.
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krike patnje ovoga sveta.
10:57
Women have manifested for thousands of years
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Žene su pokazivale hiljadama godina
11:00
the strength arising from compassion
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snagu koja se rađa iz saosećanja
11:04
in an unfiltered, unmediated way
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na sirov, neposredan način
11:07
in perceiving suffering
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osećaju patnju
11:09
as it is.
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kakva jeste.
11:13
They have infused societies with kindness,
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One su nadahnule društvo dobrotom
11:16
and we have really felt that
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i mi smo to zaista osetili,
11:18
as woman after woman
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kako je žena za ženom
11:20
has stood on this stage
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stajala na ovoj pozornici
11:22
in the past day and a half.
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u proteklih dan i po.
11:25
And they have actualized compassion
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I one su aktuelizovale saosećanje
11:27
through direct action.
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kroz direktnu akciju.
11:29
Jody Williams called it:
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Džodi Vilijams je rekla:
11:31
It's good to meditate.
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Dobro je posredovati.
11:33
I'm sorry, you've got to do a little bit of that, Jody.
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Žao mi je, morate učiniti malo više od toga, Džodi.
11:36
Step back, give your mother a break, okay.
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Odstupite, pustite malo svoju majku, okej.
11:39
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
11:41
But the other side of the equation
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Ali sa druge strane
11:43
is you've got to come out of your cave.
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morate da izađete iz pećine.
11:45
You have to come into the world
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Morate da uđete u svet
11:47
like Asanga did,
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kao Asanga
11:49
who was looking to realize Maitreya Buddha
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koji je želeo da ostvrai Matreju Budu
11:52
after 12 years sitting in the cave.
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nakon 12 godina sedenja u pećinji
11:55
He said, "I'm out of here."
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Rekao je "Odlazim odavde."
11:57
He's going down the path.
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Onda je krenuo niz stazu
11:59
He sees something in the path.
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i video je nešto
12:01
He looks, it's a dog, he drops to his knees.
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Pogledao je i tu je bio pas, pao je na kolena
12:04
He sees that the dog has this big wound on its leg.
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Video je da pas ima veliku ranu na nozi.
12:08
The wound is just filled with maggots.
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Rana je bila puna crva.
12:11
He puts out his tongue
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Isplazio je jezik
12:14
in order to remove the maggots,
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da bi sklonio crve
12:16
so as not to harm them.
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tako da ih ne povredi.
12:19
And at that moment,
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U tom trenutku
12:21
the dog transformed
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pas se pretvorio
12:23
into the Buddha of love and kindness.
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u Budu ljubavi i dobrote.
12:27
I believe
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Ja verujem da
12:29
that women and girls today
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žene i devojke danas
12:31
have to partner in a powerful way with men --
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moraju da uđu u moćno partnerstvo sa muškarcima -
12:35
with their fathers,
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sa svojim očevima,
12:37
with their sons, with their brothers,
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sa svojim sinovima, sa svojom braćom,
12:40
with the plumbers, the road builders,
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sa vodoinstalaterima, sa onima koji grade puteve,
12:42
the caregivers, the doctors, the lawyers,
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sa negovateljima, doktorima, advokatima,
12:45
with our president,
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sa našim predsednikom
12:47
and with all beings.
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i sa svim živim bićima.
12:49
The women in this room
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Žene u ovoj prostoriji
12:51
are lotuses in a sea of fire.
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su lotusi u moru vatre.
12:54
May we actualize that capacity
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Ostvarimo taj kapacitet
12:56
for women everywhere.
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koje poseduju žene svuda na svetu.
12:58
Thank you.
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Hvala.
13:00
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joan Halifax - Author, Zen priestKnown for her compassionate work with the terminally ill, Joan Halifax is a driving force of socially engaged Buddhism.
Why you should listen
Activist, anthropologist, author, caregiver, ecologist, LSD researcher, teacher, and Zen Buddhism priest -- Joan Halifax is many things to many people. Yet they all seem to agree that no matter what role she plays, Halifax is consistently courageous and compassionate. Halifax runs the Upaya Zen Center in New Mexico, a Zen Peacemaker community she opened in 1990 after founding and leading the Ojai Foundation in California for ten years. Her practice focuses on socially engaged Buddhism, which aims to alleviate suffering through meditation, interfaith cooperation, and social service.
As director of the Project on Being With Dying, Halifax has helped caregivers cope with death and dying for more than three decades. Her book Being With Dying helps clergy, community activists, medical professionals, social workers and spiritual seekers remove fear from the end of life. Halifax is a distinguished invited scholar of the U.S. Library of Congress and the only woman and Buddhist on the Tony Blair Foundation’s Advisory Council.
Joan Halifax | Speaker | TED.com