TEDWomen 2010
Joan Halifax: Compassion and the true meaning of empathy
Joan Halifax: Suosjećanje i pravo značenje empatije
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Budistička učiteljica Joan Halifax se bavi ljudima u njihovoj zadnjoj fazi života (u hospicijima i zatvorskim ćelijama osuđenika na smrt). Podijelila je što je naučila o suosjećanju naspram smrti i umiranja, te daje duboki uvid u prirodu empatije.
Joan Halifax - Author, Zen priest
Known for her compassionate work with the terminally ill, Joan Halifax is a driving force of socially engaged Buddhism. Full bio
Known for her compassionate work with the terminally ill, Joan Halifax is a driving force of socially engaged Buddhism. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I want to address the issue of compassion.
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Želim razmotriti temu suosjećanja.
00:18
Compassion has many faces.
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Suosjećanje ima mnogo lica.
00:21
Some of them are fierce; some of them are wrathful;
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Neka od njih su snažna, neka su gnjevna,
00:24
some of them are tender; some of them are wise.
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neka su nježna, neka su mudra.
00:27
A line that the Dalai Lama once said,
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Dalaj Lama je jednom rekao:
00:30
he said, "Love and compassion are necessities.
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“Ljubav i suosjećanje su potreba.
00:33
They are not luxuries.
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To nije luksuz.
00:36
Without them,
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Bez njih
00:38
humanity cannot survive."
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čovječanstvo ne može preživjeti."
00:40
And I would suggest,
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Ja bih dodala,
00:42
it is not only humanity that won't survive,
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ne samo čovječanstvo,
00:45
but it is all species on the planet,
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već sva bića na planetu,
00:47
as we've heard today.
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kao što smo danas čuli.
00:49
It is the big cats,
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I velike mačke,
00:51
and it's the plankton.
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i planktoni.
00:54
Two weeks ago, I was in Bangalore in India.
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Prije dva tjedna bila sam u Bangaloru, u Indiji.
00:57
I was so privileged
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Bila sam počašćena
00:59
to be able to teach in a hospice
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podučavati u hospiciju
01:02
on the outskirts of Bangalore.
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na periferiji grada.
01:04
And early in the morning,
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Rano ujutro,
01:06
I went into the ward.
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otišla sam na odjel.
01:08
In that hospice,
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U tom je hospiciju
01:10
there were 31 men and women
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bio 31 muškarac i žena
01:12
who were actively dying.
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u procesu umiranja.
01:14
And I walked up to the bedside
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Prišla sam krevetu
01:16
of an old woman
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jedne starice
01:18
who was breathing very rapidly, fragile,
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koja je ubrzano disala, nemoćna,
01:21
obviously in the latter phase
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očito u zadnjoj fazi
01:23
of active dying.
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umiranja.
01:26
I looked into her face.
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Pogledala sam je u lice.
01:28
I looked into the face
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Pogledala sam i u lice
01:30
of her son sitting next to her,
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njezinog sina koji je sjedio kraj nje
01:32
and his face was just riven
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i njegovo lice je bilo prekriveno
01:34
with grief and confusion.
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tugom i pomutnjom.
01:37
And I remembered
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Sjetila sam se
01:40
a line from the Mahabharata,
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ulomka iz Mahabharate,
01:43
the great Indian epic:
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poznatog Indijskog epa:
01:46
"What is the most wondrous thing in the world, Yudhisthira?"
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"Koje je najveće čudo na svijetu, Yudhisthira?"
01:51
And Yudhisthira replied,
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Yudhisthira odgovori,
01:53
"The most wondrous thing in the world
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"Najveće čudo na svijetu
01:56
is that all around us
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jest da posvuda oko nas
01:59
people can be dying
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ljudi umiru,
02:01
and we don't realize
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a mi ne shvaćamo
02:03
it can happen to us."
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da se to može i nama dogoditi."
02:13
I looked up.
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Pogledala sam okolo.
02:17
Tending those 31 dying people
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O tih 30-ak umirućih
02:20
were young women
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brinule su mlade žene
02:22
from villages around Bangalore.
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iz sela oko Bangalora.
02:24
I looked into the face of one of these women,
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Pogledala sam u lice jedne od tih žena
02:27
and I saw in her face
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i na njenom licu vidjela
02:30
the strength that arises
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snagu koja se javlja
02:32
when natural compassion is really present.
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kada je prirodno suosjećanje stvarno prisutno.
02:35
I watched her hands
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Gledala sam joj ruke
02:37
as she bathed an old man.
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dok je kupala jednog starca.
02:41
My gaze went to another young woman
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Pogled mi je prešao na drugu mladu ženu
02:45
as she wiped the face
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ženu koja je brisala lice
02:48
of another dying person.
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još jedne umiruće osobe.
02:50
And it reminded me
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To me podsjetilo
02:52
of something that I had just been present for.
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na nešto što sam upravo doživjela.
02:54
Every year or so,
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Skoro svake godine
02:56
I have the privilege of taking clinicians
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imam čast voditi kliničare
02:58
into the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau.
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na Himalaje i na Tibet.
03:01
And we run clinics
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Mi vodimo klinike
03:03
in these very remote regions
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u tim najzabačenijim regijama
03:05
where there's no medical care whatsoever.
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gdje nema nikakve medicinske njege.
03:08
And on the first day at Simikot in Humla,
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Prvog dana u Simikotu u Humli,
03:12
far west of Nepal,
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na krajnjem zapadu Nepala,
03:14
the most impoverished region of Nepal,
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najsiromašnijoj regiji Nepala,
03:17
an old man came in
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došao je starac
03:19
clutching a bundle of rags.
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čvrsto držeći svežanj krpa.
03:22
And he walked in, and somebody said something to him,
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Dok je ulazio, a netko mu je nešto govorio,
03:25
we realized he was deaf,
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shvatili smo da je gluh,
03:27
and we looked into the rags,
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pa smo pogledali u krpe
03:29
and there was this pair of eyes.
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i u njima ugledali nečije oči.
03:32
The rags were unwrapped
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Odmotali smo krpe
03:34
from a little girl
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u kojima je bila djevojčica
03:36
whose body was massively burned.
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s teškim opeklinama.
03:41
Again,
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Opet,
03:43
the eyes and hands
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oči i ruke
03:45
of Avalokiteshvara.
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Avalokiteshvare.
03:47
It was the young women, the health aids,
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Vidjela sam ih kod mlade pomoćnice
03:50
who cleaned the wounds of this baby
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koja je djetetu očistila rane
03:53
and dressed the wounds.
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i premotala ih.
03:55
I know those hands and eyes;
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Poznate su mi te ruke i oči,
03:57
they touched me as well.
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dodirivale su i mene.
03:59
They touched me at that time.
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Dodirnule su me tada.
04:01
They have touched me throughout my 68 years.
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Dodirivale su me svih mojih 68 godina.
04:04
They touched me when I was four
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Dodirivale su me kad sam s četiri godine
04:06
and I lost my eyesight
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izgubila vid
04:08
and was partially paralyzed.
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i bila djelomično paralizirana.
04:10
And my family brought in
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Moja obitelj je dovela
04:12
a woman whose mother had been a slave
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ženu čija je majka bila robinja
04:14
to take care of me.
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kako bi se brinula o meni.
04:17
And that woman
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Ta žena
04:19
did not have sentimental compassion.
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nije imala sentimentalno suosjećanje.
04:21
She had phenomenal strength.
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Imala je izvanrednu snagu.
04:24
And it was really her strength, I believe,
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I vjerujem da je ta njena snaga
04:26
that became the kind of mudra and imprimatur
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postala nekom vrstom vodiča
04:29
that has been a guiding light in my life.
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koji mi pokazuje životni put.
04:33
So we can ask:
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Možemo se zapitati:
04:36
What is compassion comprised of?
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od čega se sastoji suosjećanje?
04:40
And there are various facets.
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Postoje razni aspekti.
04:42
And there's referential and non-referential compassion.
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I postoji referentno i nereferentno suosjećanje.
04:45
But first, compassion is comprised
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Prvenstveno, temelj suosjećanja
04:47
of that capacity
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jest sposobnost
04:49
to see clearly
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jasnog sagledavanja
04:51
into the nature of suffering.
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prirode patnje.
04:53
It is that ability
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To je sposobnost
04:55
to really stand strong
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zadržavanja vlastite snage
04:57
and to recognize also
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uz priznavanje
04:59
that I'm not separate from this suffering.
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da nismo odvojeni od patnje.
05:01
But that is not enough,
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Ali to nije dovoljno,
05:03
because compassion,
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jer suosjećanje,
05:05
which activates the motor cortex,
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koje aktivira motorički korteks,
05:07
means that we aspire,
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znači da mi težimo,
05:10
we actually aspire to transform suffering.
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mi zapravo težimo transformirati patnju.
05:13
And if we're so blessed,
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Ako smo na taj način blagoslovljeni,
05:15
we engage in activities
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mi sudjelujemo u aktivnostima
05:17
that transform suffering.
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koje transformiraju patnju.
05:19
But compassion has another component,
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No suosjećanje ima još jednu komponentu
05:21
and that component is really essential.
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koja je esencijalna.
05:24
That component
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Ta komponenta
05:26
is that we cannot be attached to outcome.
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jest da se ne smijemo vezati uz ishod.
05:29
Now I worked with dying people
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Radim sa ljudima koji umiru
05:32
for over 40 years.
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već 40 godina.
05:35
I had the privilege of working on death row
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Imala sam priliku šest godina raditi
05:38
in a maximum security [prison] for six years.
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sa zatvorenicima osuđenima na smrt u strogo čuvanom zatvoru.
05:41
And I realized so clearly
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Posalo mi je tako jasno
05:43
in bringing my own life experience,
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povezujući moja životna iskustva
05:45
from working with dying people
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u rada s umirućima
05:47
and training caregivers,
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i obučavanju onih koji se brinu o njima,
05:50
that any attachment to outcome
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da bi bilo kakva vezanost za ishod
05:52
would distort deeply
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teško narušila moju sposobnost
05:54
my own capacity to be fully present
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da budem potpuno prisutna
05:57
to the whole catastrophe.
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tijekom cijele katastrofe.
06:00
And when I worked in the prison system,
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Kad sam radila u zatvorskom sistemu,
06:02
it was so clear to me, this:
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bilo mi je sasvim jasno jedno:
06:05
that many of us
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da mnogi od nas
06:07
in this room,
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u ovoj prostoriji,
06:09
and almost all of the men that I worked with on death row,
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i skoro svi ljudi s kojima sam radila u zatvoru,
06:12
the seeds of their own compassion had never been watered.
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nisu nikada upoznali ni njegovali pravo suosjećanje.
06:15
That compassion is actually
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Ono je zapravo
06:17
an inherent human quality.
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osobina koja je ljudima urođena.
06:20
It is there within every human being.
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Ono je u svakome od nas.
06:23
But the conditions
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Ali uvjeti nužni
06:25
for compassion to be activated,
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da se suosjećanje aktivira,
06:29
to be aroused,
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da se probudi,
06:31
are particular conditions.
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sasvim su određeni uvjeti.
06:33
I had that condition, to a certain extent,
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Imala sam takve uvjete, u nekoj mjeri,
06:36
from my own childhood illness.
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tijekom svoje bolesti u djetinjstvu.
06:38
Eve Ensler, whom you'll hear later,
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Eve Ensler, koju ćete malo kasnije čuti,
06:41
has had that condition activated
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u sebi je nevjerojatno
06:43
amazingly in her
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aktivirala te uvjete
06:46
through the various waters of suffering
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kroz razne oblike patnje
06:49
that she has been through.
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koje je doživjela.
06:52
And what is fascinating
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Ono što je fascinantno
06:54
is that compassion has enemies,
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jest da suosjećanje ima neprijatelje,
06:57
and those enemies are things like pity,
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a to su sažaljenje,
07:02
moral outrage,
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moralno osuđivanje,
07:05
fear.
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strah.
07:07
And you know, we have a society, a world,
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Znate, mi živimo u društvu, u svijetu
07:10
that is paralyzed by fear.
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koji je paraliziran strahom.
07:13
And in that paralysis, of course,
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I naravno da je u toj paralizi
07:15
our capacity for compassion
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naša sposobnost za suosjećanje
07:17
is also paralyzed.
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također paralizirana.
07:19
The very word terror
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Sama riječ teror
07:21
is global.
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je globalna.
07:23
The very feeling of terror is global.
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Sami osjećaj terora je globalan.
07:26
So our work, in a certain way,
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Tako da je naš posao, na određeni način,
07:28
is to address this imago,
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obraćanje toj predodžbi,
07:30
this kind of archetype
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tom svojevrsnom arhetipu
07:32
that has pervaded the psyche
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koji je protkao psihu
07:34
of our entire globe.
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cijeloga svijeta.
07:38
Now we know from neuroscience
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Iz neuroznanstvenih podataka
07:41
that compassion has
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znamo sa suosjećanje ima
07:43
some very extraordinary qualities.
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neke veoma izvanredne kvalitete.
07:45
For example:
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Na primjer:
07:47
A person who is cultivating compassion,
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osoba koja kultivira suosjećanje,
07:50
when they are in the presence of suffering,
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kada je u prisutnosti patnje,
07:53
they feel that suffering a lot more
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osjeća tu patnju puno jače
07:56
than many other people do.
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nego ostali.
07:58
However,
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Međutim,
08:00
they return to baseline a lot sooner.
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ta se osoba brže vrati u početno stanje.
08:03
This is called resilience.
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To nazivamo otpornost.
08:05
Many of us think that compassion drains us,
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Mnogi su uvjereni da nas suosjećanje iscrpljuje,
08:08
but I promise you
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ali, obećajem vam,
08:10
it is something that truly enlivens us.
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ono nas istinski oživljava.
08:13
Another thing about compassion
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Još jedna stvar u vezi suosjećanja
08:15
is that it really enhances what's called neural integration.
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je da pojačava nešto što nazivamo neuronskom integracijom.
08:18
It hooks up all parts of the brain.
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Ono povezuje sve dijelove mozga.
08:22
Another, which has been discovered
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Nadalje, nešto što su otkrili
08:24
by various researchers
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razni znanstvenici
08:26
at Emory and at Davis and so on,
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na sveučilištima Emory, Davisu, itd.
08:29
is that compassion enhances our immune system.
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jest da suosjećanje pojačava naš imunosni sustav.
08:34
Hey,
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Hej,
08:36
we live in a very noxious world.
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živimo u nezdravom svijetu.
08:38
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:40
Most of us are shrinking
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Većina nas se povlači
08:42
in the face of psycho-social and physical poisons,
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pred psihosocijalnim i fizičkim otrovima,
08:45
of the toxins of our world.
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toksinima našeg svijeta.
08:48
But compassion, the generation of compassion,
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Ali suosjećanje, stvaranje suosjećanja,
08:50
actually mobilizes
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zapravo aktivira
08:53
our immunity.
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naš imunitet.
08:56
You know, if compassion is so good for us,
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Ako je suosjećanje tako dobro za nas,
08:59
I have a question.
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imam jedno pitanje.
09:03
Why don't we train our children
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Zašto ne učimo našu djecu
09:05
in compassion?
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suosjećanju?
09:08
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:13
If compassion is so good for us,
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Ako je suosjećanje tako dobro za nas,
09:16
why don't we train our health care providers in compassion
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zašto ne podučavamo bolničare suosjećanju
09:20
so that they can do what they're supposed to do,
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kako bi mogli raditi ono što bi trebali raditi,
09:23
which is to really transform suffering?
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a to je potpuno izmijeniti patnju?
09:26
And if compassion is so good for us,
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I ako je suosjećanje tako dobro za nas,
09:29
why don't we vote on compassion?
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zašto ne glasamo suosjećanjem?
09:33
Why don't we vote for people in our government
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Zašto ne glasamo za ljude u našoj vladi
09:37
based on compassion,
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u skladu s našim suosjećanjem?
09:39
so that we can have
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Kako bismo mogli imati
09:41
a more caring world?
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svijet s više skrbi.
09:44
In Buddhism,
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U buddhizmu imamo izreku:
09:46
we say, "it takes a strong back and a soft front."
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"treba biti čvrst straga i mekan sprijeda."
09:49
It takes tremendous strength of the back
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Potrebna je imati čvrstu kralježnicu
09:52
to uphold yourself in the midst of conditions.
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kako bismo biti uspravni u svim okolnostima.
09:55
And that is the mental quality of equanimity.
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To je mentalna kvaliteta staloženosti.
09:58
But it also takes a soft front --
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Ali je također potrebno biti mekan sprijeda --
10:01
the capacity to really be open to the world as it is,
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imati sposobnost otvaranja svijetu kakav zapravo jest,
10:04
to have an undefended heart.
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imati otvoreno srce.
10:06
And the archetype of this in Buddhism
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Ovaj arhetip u buddhizmu
10:09
is Avalokiteshvara, Kuan-Yin.
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je Avalokiteshvara, Kuan-Yin.
10:11
It's a female archetype:
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To je ženski arhetip:
10:14
she who perceives
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ona koja vidi
10:16
the cries of suffering in the world.
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vapaje patnje u svijetu.
10:23
She stands with 10,000 arms,
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Ona stoji s 10.000 ruku,
10:27
and in every hand,
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i u svakoj ruci
10:29
there is an instrument of liberation,
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drži oruđe oslobođenja,
10:32
and in the palm of every hand, there are eyes,
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a na svakom dlanu je oko,
10:35
and these are the eyes of wisdom.
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to su oči mudrosti.
10:38
I say that, for thousands of years,
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Tisućama godina
10:41
women have lived,
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žene su živjele,
10:43
exemplified, met in intimacy,
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utjelovljivale u svojim životima
10:47
the archetype of Avalokitesvara,
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arhetip Avalokiteshvare,
10:50
of Kuan-Yin,
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Kuan-Yin,
10:52
she who perceives
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one koja vidi
10:54
the cries of suffering in the world.
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vapaje patnje u svijetu.
10:57
Women have manifested for thousands of years
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Tisućama godina žene su iskazivale
11:00
the strength arising from compassion
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snagu koja izvire iz suosjećanja
11:04
in an unfiltered, unmediated way
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na čist i neposredan način,
11:07
in perceiving suffering
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kroz viđenje patnje
11:09
as it is.
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onakve kakva jest.
11:13
They have infused societies with kindness,
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Obogatile su društvo dobrotom
11:16
and we have really felt that
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i mi smo to stvarno osjetili
11:18
as woman after woman
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dok su žene, jedna za drugom,
11:20
has stood on this stage
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stajale na ovoj pozornici
11:22
in the past day and a half.
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tijekom ova dva dana.
11:25
And they have actualized compassion
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One su utjelovljivale suosjećanje
11:27
through direct action.
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kroz izravnu akciju.
11:29
Jody Williams called it:
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Jody Williams je rekla:
11:31
It's good to meditate.
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dobro je meditirati.
11:33
I'm sorry, you've got to do a little bit of that, Jody.
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Žao mi je, Jody, moraš to makar malo.
11:36
Step back, give your mother a break, okay.
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Daj svojoj majci priliku, u redu.
11:39
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
11:41
But the other side of the equation
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Ali druga strana jednadžbe
11:43
is you've got to come out of your cave.
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jest da moramo izaći iz svojih špilja.
11:45
You have to come into the world
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Moramo izaći u svijet
11:47
like Asanga did,
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kao što je Asanga izašao,
11:49
who was looking to realize Maitreya Buddha
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nakon potrage za realizacijom Buddhe Maitreye
11:52
after 12 years sitting in the cave.
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tijekom 12 godina sjedenja u špilji.
11:55
He said, "I'm out of here."
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Rekao je: "Izlazim."
11:57
He's going down the path.
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On ide putem.
11:59
He sees something in the path.
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Ugleda nešto na putu.
12:01
He looks, it's a dog, he drops to his knees.
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Pogleda ga, to je pas, klekne pokraj njega.
12:04
He sees that the dog has this big wound on its leg.
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Vidi da pas ima veliku ranu na nozi.
12:08
The wound is just filled with maggots.
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Prepuna je larvi.
12:11
He puts out his tongue
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Isplazi jezik
12:14
in order to remove the maggots,
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kako bi uklonio larve,
12:16
so as not to harm them.
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bez da ih ozlijedi.
12:19
And at that moment,
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U tom trenutku,
12:21
the dog transformed
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pas se pretvorio
12:23
into the Buddha of love and kindness.
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u Buddhu ljubavi i dobrote.
12:27
I believe
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Vjerujem
12:29
that women and girls today
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da se žene i djevojke danas
12:31
have to partner in a powerful way with men --
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trebaju na jedan snažan način povezati s muškarcima --
12:35
with their fathers,
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sa svojima očevima,
12:37
with their sons, with their brothers,
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sa svojim sinovima, sa svojom braćom,
12:40
with the plumbers, the road builders,
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s vodoinstalaterima, s radnicima na cesti,
12:42
the caregivers, the doctors, the lawyers,
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s bolničarima, doktorima, odvjetnicima,
12:45
with our president,
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s našim predsjednikom,
12:47
and with all beings.
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i sa svim bićima.
12:49
The women in this room
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Žene u ovoj sobi
12:51
are lotuses in a sea of fire.
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su lotusi u moru vatre.
12:54
May we actualize that capacity
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Neka utjelovimo tu sposobnost
12:56
for women everywhere.
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za žene posvuda.
12:58
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
13:00
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joan Halifax - Author, Zen priestKnown for her compassionate work with the terminally ill, Joan Halifax is a driving force of socially engaged Buddhism.
Why you should listen
Activist, anthropologist, author, caregiver, ecologist, LSD researcher, teacher, and Zen Buddhism priest -- Joan Halifax is many things to many people. Yet they all seem to agree that no matter what role she plays, Halifax is consistently courageous and compassionate. Halifax runs the Upaya Zen Center in New Mexico, a Zen Peacemaker community she opened in 1990 after founding and leading the Ojai Foundation in California for ten years. Her practice focuses on socially engaged Buddhism, which aims to alleviate suffering through meditation, interfaith cooperation, and social service.
As director of the Project on Being With Dying, Halifax has helped caregivers cope with death and dying for more than three decades. Her book Being With Dying helps clergy, community activists, medical professionals, social workers and spiritual seekers remove fear from the end of life. Halifax is a distinguished invited scholar of the U.S. Library of Congress and the only woman and Buddhist on the Tony Blair Foundation’s Advisory Council.
Joan Halifax | Speaker | TED.com