TEDGlobal 2012
Margaret Heffernan: Dare to disagree
Margaret Hefernan (Margaret Heffernan): Usudi se da se suprotstaviš
Filmed:
Readability: 3.9
3,921,245 views
Većina ljudi instiktivno izbegava konflikt, ali kao što nam Margaret Hefernan pokazuje, argumentovano neslaganje je od suštinskog značaja za napredak. Ona pokazuje (ponekad suprotno od očekivanog) kako najbolji saradnici nisu istomišljenici - i kako veliki istraživački timovi, veze i preduzeća omogućuju ljudima da se duboko suprotstave.
Margaret Heffernan - Management thinker
The former CEO of five businesses, Margaret Heffernan explores the all-too-human thought patterns -- like conflict avoidance and selective blindness -- that lead organizations and managers astray. Full bio
The former CEO of five businesses, Margaret Heffernan explores the all-too-human thought patterns -- like conflict avoidance and selective blindness -- that lead organizations and managers astray. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
In Oxford in the 1950s,
0
424
1862
1950-tih godina u Oksfordu,
00:18
there was a fantastic doctor, who was very unusual,
1
2286
3768
bila je jedna fantastična doktorka,
veoma neobična,
veoma neobična,
00:21
named Alice Stewart.
2
6054
2032
zvala se Alis Stjuart.
00:23
And Alice was unusual partly because, of course,
3
8086
3143
Alis je bila neobična i delom zbog toga što je,
00:27
she was a woman, which was pretty rare in the 1950s.
4
11229
3480
naravno, bila žena, što je bilo
poprilično retko tada 1950-tih.
poprilično retko tada 1950-tih.
00:30
And she was brilliant, she was one of the,
5
14709
2111
A bila je genijalna, bila je jedna od, u to vreme
00:32
at the time, the youngest Fellow to be elected to the Royal College of Physicians.
6
16820
4816
najmlađih saradnika izabranih
za Kraljevski koledž lekara.
za Kraljevski koledž lekara.
00:37
She was unusual too because she continued to work after she got married,
7
21636
3757
Bila je neobična i zbog toga što je
nastavila da radi i posle udaje
nastavila da radi i posle udaje
00:41
after she had kids,
8
25393
2095
i kada je dobila decu,
00:43
and even after she got divorced and was a single parent,
9
27488
3008
pa čak i onda kada se razvela
i postala samohrani roditelj,
i postala samohrani roditelj,
00:46
she continued her medical work.
10
30496
2283
nastavila je svoj medicinski rad.
00:48
And she was unusual because she was really interested in a new science,
11
32779
4120
A bila je neobična i zbog toga što se
zaista zanimala za novu nauku,
zaista zanimala za novu nauku,
00:52
the emerging field of epidemiology,
12
36899
2624
novu oblast u epidemiologiji,
00:55
the study of patterns in disease.
13
39523
3488
studiju obrazaca (ponavljanja) kod bolesti.
00:58
But like every scientist, she appreciated
14
43011
2168
Ali kao i svaki naučnik, znala je da,
01:01
that to make her mark, what she needed to do
15
45179
2256
da bi ostavila trag, ono što je trebalo da uradi je
01:03
was find a hard problem and solve it.
16
47435
4518
da pronađe težak zadatak i reši ga.
01:07
The hard problem that Alice chose
17
51953
2544
Taj teški zadatak koji je Alis odabrala
01:10
was the rising incidence of childhood cancers.
18
54497
3398
bio je povećana pojava kancera kod dece.
01:13
Most disease is correlated with poverty,
19
57895
2190
Većina bolesti je povezana sa siromaštvom,
01:15
but in the case of childhood cancers,
20
60085
2269
ali u slučaju kancera kod dece,
01:18
the children who were dying seemed mostly to come
21
62354
2604
deca koja su umirala
01:20
from affluent families.
22
64958
2445
činilo se da uglavnom
dolaze iz imućnih porodica.
dolaze iz imućnih porodica.
01:23
So, what, she wanted to know,
23
67403
1743
Dakle, ono što je ona htela znati je
01:25
could explain this anomaly?
24
69146
3082
može li objasniti ovo odstupanje?
01:28
Now, Alice had trouble getting funding for her research.
25
72228
2783
Alis je imala problem da nađe
sredstva za istraživanje.
sredstva za istraživanje.
01:30
In the end, she got just 1,000 pounds
26
75011
1991
Na kraju, dobila je samo 1.000 funti
01:32
from the Lady Tata Memorial prize.
27
77002
2255
od nagrade Lejdi Tata Memorijal.
01:35
And that meant she knew she only had one shot
28
79257
2543
I to je značio da ima samo jedan pokušaj
01:37
at collecting her data.
29
81800
2042
u prikupljanju podataka.
01:39
Now, she had no idea what to look for.
30
83842
2477
Ali sada ona nije imala predstavu za čim da traga.
01:42
This really was a needle in a haystack sort of search,
31
86319
3116
Ta potraga je bila kao za iglom u plastu sena,
01:45
so she asked everything she could think of.
32
89435
2622
pa je tako pitala sve čega se mogla setiti.
01:47
Had the children eaten boiled sweets?
33
92057
1833
Da li su deca jela kuvane slatkiše?
01:49
Had they consumed colored drinks?
34
93890
2073
Da li su pila obojena pića?
01:51
Did they eat fish and chips?
35
95963
1647
Da li su jela pomfrit i prženu ribu?
01:53
Did they have indoor or outdoor plumbing?
36
97610
2008
Da li imaju unutrašnje ili spoljne instalacije?
01:55
What time of life had they started school?
37
99618
3416
Sa koliko godina su krenula u školu?
01:58
And when her carbon copied questionnaire started to come back,
38
103034
3368
Ali kada se njen indigom kopirani upitnik počeo vraćati,
02:02
one thing and one thing only jumped out
39
106402
2920
jedna jedina stvar je počela da se izdvaja
02:05
with the statistical clarity of a kind that
40
109322
2536
sa statističkom pouzdanošću
02:07
most scientists can only dream of.
41
111858
2840
o kakvoj većina naučnika može samo da sanja.
02:10
By a rate of two to one,
42
114698
1920
Po stopi dva prema jedan,
02:12
the children who had died
43
116618
2081
deca koja su umirala
02:14
had had mothers who had been X-rayed when pregnant.
44
118699
6295
bila su od majki koje su tokom
trudnoće snimane rendgenom.
trudnoće snimane rendgenom.
02:20
Now that finding flew in the face of conventional wisdom.
45
124994
4505
To otkriće je sada udarilo
na opšte-prihvaćenu mudrost.
na opšte-prihvaćenu mudrost.
02:25
Conventional wisdom held
46
129499
1907
Prema kojoj
02:27
that everything was safe up to a point, a threshold.
47
131406
3997
je sve smatrano bezbednim do izvesne mere.
02:31
It flew in the face of conventional wisdom,
48
135403
2327
Suprotstavilo se opšte-prihvaćenom shvatanju,
02:33
which was huge enthusiasm for the cool new technology
49
137730
3458
koje se odnosilo na prevelika
očekivanja od nove kul tehnologije
očekivanja od nove kul tehnologije
02:37
of that age, which was the X-ray machine.
50
141188
3646
toga doba - rendgen mašine.
02:40
And it flew in the face of doctors' idea of themselves,
51
144834
4224
A suprotstavilo se i mišljenju
koje su o sebi imali doktori,
koje su o sebi imali doktori,
02:44
which was as people who helped patients,
52
149058
3808
a to je da kao ljudi koji pomažu pacijentima,
02:48
they didn't harm them.
53
152866
2696
nikako im ne mogu naškoditi.
02:51
Nevertheless, Alice Stewart rushed to publish
54
155562
3688
Pa ipak, Alis Stjuart je požurila da objavi
02:55
her preliminary findings in The Lancet in 1956.
55
159250
3584
svoja preliminarna zapažanja
u "The Lancet"-u 1956.
u "The Lancet"-u 1956.
02:58
People got very excited, there was talk of the Nobel Prize,
56
162834
4008
Ljudi su sa uzbuđenjem to dočekali,
bilo je čak i pomena o Nobelovoj nagradi,
bilo je čak i pomena o Nobelovoj nagradi,
03:02
and Alice really was in a big hurry
57
166842
2120
a Alis je zaista bila u velikoj žurbi
03:04
to try to study all the cases of childhood cancer she could find
58
168962
3791
da prouči sve slučajeve kancera
kod dece koje je mogla naći
kod dece koje je mogla naći
03:08
before they disappeared.
59
172753
2153
pre nego što oni iščeznu.
03:10
In fact, she need not have hurried.
60
174906
4344
Zapravo, ona nije ni morala žuriti.
03:15
It was fully 25 years before the British and medical --
61
179250
4191
Trebalo je čitavih 25 godina da prođe
pre nego što su britanske
pre nego što su britanske
03:19
British and American medical establishments
62
183441
2872
i američke lekarske ustanove
03:22
abandoned the practice of X-raying pregnant women.
63
186313
6104
obustavile upotrebu rendgenskog zračenja trudnih žena.
03:28
The data was out there, it was open, it was freely available,
64
192417
5481
Činjenice su bile tu, bile su javne i dostupne,
03:33
but nobody wanted to know.
65
197898
4224
ali niko za to nije mario.
03:38
A child a week was dying,
66
202122
2684
Jedno dete nedeljno je umiralo,
03:40
but nothing changed.
67
204806
2733
ali se ništa nije menjalo.
03:43
Openness alone can't drive change.
68
207539
6255
Otvorenost sama po sebi ne vodi u promene.
03:49
So for 25 years Alice Stewart had a very big fight on her hands.
69
213794
5617
Dakle, Alis Stjuart je 25 godina
vodila veoma veliku borbu.
vodila veoma veliku borbu.
03:55
So, how did she know that she was right?
70
219411
3247
Kako je znala da je to što radi ispravno?
03:58
Well, she had a fantastic model for thinking.
71
222658
3663
Pa, imala je fantastičan uzor za razmišljanje.
04:02
She worked with a statistician named George Kneale,
72
226321
2245
Radila je sa statističarem zvanim Džordž Nil,
04:04
and George was pretty much everything that Alice wasn't.
73
228566
2384
a Džordž je bio uglavnom sve što Alis nije.
04:06
So, Alice was very outgoing and sociable,
74
230950
3069
Dakle, Alis je bila veoma otvorena i društvena,
04:09
and George was a recluse.
75
234019
2458
a Džordž je bio usamljenik.
04:12
Alice was very warm, very empathetic with her patients.
76
236477
4014
Alis je bila veoma topla, osećajna
i strpljiva sa svojim pacijentima.
i strpljiva sa svojim pacijentima.
04:16
George frankly preferred numbers to people.
77
240491
4039
Džordža su više zanimale brojke od samih ljudi.
04:20
But he said this fantastic thing about their working relationship.
78
244530
3978
Ali on je rekao fatastičnu činjenicu
o njihovom poslovnom odnosu.
o njihovom poslovnom odnosu.
04:24
He said, "My job is to prove Dr. Stewart wrong."
79
248508
6336
Rekao je: "Moj posao je
da dokažem grešku dr Stjuart."
da dokažem grešku dr Stjuart."
04:30
He actively sought disconfirmation.
80
254844
3557
Bio je istrajan u protivljenju.
04:34
Different ways of looking at her models,
81
258401
2337
Drugačiji načini sagledavanja njenih obrazaca,
04:36
at her statistics, different ways of crunching the data
82
260738
3257
njenih statistika, drugačiji načini
baratanja činjenicama,
baratanja činjenicama,
04:39
in order to disprove her.
83
263995
3063
a sve u cilju da je ospori.
04:42
He saw his job as creating conflict around her theories.
84
267058
5624
Svoj posao je zamislio kao
suprotstavljanje njenim teorijama.
suprotstavljanje njenim teorijama.
04:48
Because it was only by not being able to prove
85
272682
3096
Samo neuspevanjem da dokaže
04:51
that she was wrong,
86
275778
2368
da je ona grešila,
04:54
that George could give Alice the confidence she needed
87
278146
3121
Džordž je pružio samopouzdanje koje je trebalo Alis
04:57
to know that she was right.
88
281267
2982
da zna da je bila u pravu.
05:00
It's a fantastic model of collaboration --
89
284249
4675
To je fantastičan model saradnje -
05:04
thinking partners who aren't echo chambers.
90
288924
5007
kolege koje nisu istog mišljenja.
05:09
I wonder how many of us have,
91
293931
2352
Pitam se koliko nas ima
05:12
or dare to have, such collaborators.
92
296283
6919
ili se usuđuje da ima, takve saradnike.
05:19
Alice and George were very good at conflict.
93
303202
3777
Alis i Džordž su bili veoma dobri u sukobima.
05:22
They saw it as thinking.
94
306979
3136
Gledali su na njih kao na razmišljanje.
05:26
So what does that kind of constructive conflict require?
95
310115
4273
Šta dakle zahteva takva vrsta
konstruktivnog sukoba?
konstruktivnog sukoba?
05:30
Well, first of all, it requires that we find people
96
314388
3375
Pa, pre svega, zahteva da pronađemo ljude
05:33
who are very different from ourselves.
97
317763
2648
koji su mnogo drugačiji od nas samih.
05:36
That means we have to resist the neurobiological drive,
98
320411
4336
To znači da treba da se odupremo instiktivnom nagonu,
05:40
which means that we really prefer people mostly like ourselves,
99
324747
4504
po kome biramo ljude slične nama
05:45
and it means we have to seek out people
100
329251
2224
i da treba da tragamo za ljudima
05:47
with different backgrounds, different disciplines,
101
331475
2472
drugačijeg nasleđa,
drugačijih interesovanja,
drugačijih interesovanja,
05:49
different ways of thinking and different experience,
102
333947
4151
drugačijeg miišljenja
i drugačijeg iskustva,
i drugačijeg iskustva,
05:53
and find ways to engage with them.
103
338098
3865
i nađemo načina da se
povežemo sa njima.
povežemo sa njima.
05:57
That requires a lot of patience and a lot of energy.
104
341963
4644
To zahteva puno strpljenja i energije.
06:02
And the more I've thought about this,
105
346607
1811
I što sam više razmišljala o ovome,
06:04
the more I think, really, that that's a kind of love.
106
348418
5161
sve sam ubeđenija da je to vrsta ljubavi.
06:09
Because you simply won't commit that kind of energy
107
353579
3069
Zato što jednostavno nećeš žrtvovati toliku energiju
06:12
and time if you don't really care.
108
356648
4691
i vreme ako ti zaista nije do toga stalo.
06:17
And it also means that we have to be prepared to change our minds.
109
361339
4460
A to takođe znači da treba da budemo
spremni da promenimo svoje mišljenje.
spremni da promenimo svoje mišljenje.
06:21
Alice's daughter told me
110
365799
2364
Alisina ćerka mi je rekla
06:24
that every time Alice went head-to-head with a fellow scientist,
111
368163
3112
da svaki put kada bi se Alis našla
prsa u prsa sa nekim od kolega naučnika,
prsa u prsa sa nekim od kolega naučnika,
06:27
they made her think and think and think again.
112
371275
4184
to bi je podstaklo da ponovo
razmišlja i razmišlja i razmišlja.
razmišlja i razmišlja i razmišlja.
06:31
"My mother," she said, "My mother didn't enjoy a fight,
113
375459
4018
"Moja majka", rekla je, "nije volela da se prepire,
06:35
but she was really good at them."
114
379477
5142
ali je bila zaista dobra u tome."
06:40
So it's one thing to do that in a one-to-one relationship.
115
384619
4170
Mada, jedna je stvar raditi to
u odnosu jedan na jedan.
u odnosu jedan na jedan.
06:44
But it strikes me that the biggest problems we face,
116
388789
3287
Ali plaši me da najveći problemi
sa kojima se suočavamo,
sa kojima se suočavamo,
06:47
many of the biggest disasters that we've experienced,
117
392076
2874
mnoge od najvećih nesreća koje smo doživeli,
06:50
mostly haven't come from individuals,
118
394950
1951
uglavnom nisu od strane pojedinaca,
06:52
they've come from organizations,
119
396901
1888
već od organizacija,
06:54
some of them bigger than countries,
120
398789
2008
ponekad većih i od država,
06:56
many of them capable of affecting hundreds,
121
400797
2260
mnoge su u prilici da utiču na stotine,
06:58
thousands, even millions of lives.
122
403057
4003
hiljade, čak i milione života.
07:02
So how do organizations think?
123
407060
4438
Kako dakle te organizacije rasuđuju?
07:07
Well, for the most part, they don't.
124
411498
4026
Pa, u većini slučajeva i ne čine to.
07:11
And that isn't because they don't want to,
125
415524
2993
A to nije iz razloga što ne žele,
07:14
it's really because they can't.
126
418517
2405
već će pre biti da to ne mogu.
07:16
And they can't because the people inside of them
127
420922
3347
A ne mogu zato što se ljudi
unutar tih organizacija
unutar tih organizacija
07:20
are too afraid of conflict.
128
424269
4208
previše plaše sukoba.
07:24
In surveys of European and American executives,
129
428477
2864
U anketiranju evropskih i američkih rukovodilaca,
07:27
fully 85 percent of them acknowledged
130
431341
2970
čak 85 procenata njih potvrdilo je
07:30
that they had issues or concerns at work
131
434311
3517
da su imali problema i nedoumica na poslu
07:33
that they were afraid to raise.
132
437828
3633
koje su se plašili da rešavaju.
07:37
Afraid of the conflict that that would provoke,
133
441461
3159
Plašili se da to može izazvati sukob,
07:40
afraid to get embroiled in arguments
134
444620
2368
da će upasti u raspravu
07:42
that they did not know how to manage,
135
446988
2031
u kojoj se ne bi snašli
07:44
and felt that they were bound to lose.
136
449019
4577
i u kojoj bi bili osuđeni da izgube.
07:49
Eighty-five percent is a really big number.
137
453596
6177
Osamdeset pet procenata je zaista veliki broj.
07:55
It means that organizations mostly can't do
138
459773
2815
To znači da organizacije uglavnom ne mogu
07:58
what George and Alice so triumphantly did.
139
462588
2328
ono što su Džordž i Alis pobedonosno postigli.
08:00
They can't think together.
140
464916
4399
One ne mogu skladno misliti.
08:05
And it means that people like many of us,
141
469315
2241
A to znači da ljudi kao i većina nas,
08:07
who have run organizations,
142
471556
2184
koji smo pokretali organizacije,
08:09
and gone out of our way to try to find the very best people we can,
143
473740
3567
i trudili se što bolje možemo
da pronađemo najbolje ljude,
da pronađemo najbolje ljude,
08:13
mostly fail to get the best out of them.
144
477307
6273
padamo na tome što iz njih
ne izvučemo ono najbolje.
ne izvučemo ono najbolje.
08:19
So how do we develop the skills that we need?
145
483580
3336
Dakle kako da razvijemo te osobine
koje su nam potrebne?
koje su nam potrebne?
08:22
Because it does take skill and practice, too.
146
486916
4083
Zato što to zahteva i umeće i vežbanje, takođe.
08:26
If we aren't going to be afraid of conflict,
147
490999
3414
Ako ne želimo da se plašimo sukobljavanja,
08:30
we have to see it as thinking,
148
494413
2159
treba ga doživeti kao razmatranje
08:32
and then we have to get really good at it.
149
496572
4336
i trebalo bi da postanemo
zaista dobri u tome.
zaista dobri u tome.
08:36
So, recently, I worked with an executive named Joe,
150
500908
4264
Tako sam, nedavno, radila
sa jednim direktorom po imenu Džo,
sa jednim direktorom po imenu Džo,
08:41
and Joe worked for a medical device company.
151
505172
3472
a Džo je radio za kompaniju mediciskih aparata.
08:44
And Joe was very worried about the device that he was working on.
152
508644
2975
Džo je bio veoma zabrinut
oko aparata na kome je radio.
oko aparata na kome je radio.
08:47
He thought that it was too complicated
153
511619
3025
Smatrao je da je bio previše komplikovan
08:50
and he thought that its complexity
154
514644
1864
i da je njegova složenost ta koja je
08:52
created margins of error that could really hurt people.
155
516508
4267
pravila slučajne greške koje bi
zaista mogle da naškode ljudima.
zaista mogle da naškode ljudima.
08:56
He was afraid of doing damage to the patients he was trying to help.
156
520775
4140
Plašio se da tako možda šteti
pacijentima kojima je pokušavao da pomogne.
pacijentima kojima je pokušavao da pomogne.
09:00
But when he looked around his organization,
157
524915
2305
Ali kada je sagledao svoju organizaciju,
09:03
nobody else seemed to be at all worried.
158
527220
4461
izgledalo je da niko drugi
nije bio ni najmanje zabrinut.
nije bio ni najmanje zabrinut.
09:07
So, he didn't really want to say anything.
159
531681
2555
Tako da je ipak odustao od toga da bilo šta kaže.
09:10
After all, maybe they knew something he didn't.
160
534236
2184
Pomislio je da su možda oni znali nešto što on nije.
09:12
Maybe he'd look stupid.
161
536420
2584
Pa bi možda ispao budala.
09:14
But he kept worrying about it,
162
539004
2206
Ali je nastavio da o tome razmišlja
09:17
and he worried about it so much that he got to the point
163
541210
3046
i toliko se zabrinuo da je
na kraju došao do tačke
na kraju došao do tačke
09:20
where he thought the only thing he could do
164
544256
2159
da je mislio da jedina stvar
koju može da uradi
koju može da uradi
09:22
was leave a job he loved.
165
546415
4130
jeste da napusti posao koji je voleo.
09:26
In the end, Joe and I found a way
166
550545
4000
Na kraju smo Džo i ja pronašli način
09:30
for him to raise his concerns.
167
554545
1855
kako da se oslobodi svojih sumnji.
09:32
And what happened then is what almost always
168
556400
2871
I ono što se tada dogodilo
je nešto što se skoro uvek
je nešto što se skoro uvek
09:35
happens in this situation.
169
559271
1594
događa u takvoj situaciji.
09:36
It turned out everybody had exactly the same
170
560865
3221
Ispostavilo se da su baš sve mučila ista
09:39
questions and doubts.
171
564086
1746
pitanja i sumnje.
09:41
So now Joe had allies. They could think together.
172
565832
4032
Tako da je Džo sada imao saveznike.
Mogli su skupa da razmišljaju.
Mogli su skupa da razmišljaju.
09:45
And yes, there was a lot of conflict and debate
173
569864
3264
I naravno, bilo je dosta i sukoba i rasprava i svađa
09:49
and argument, but that allowed everyone around the table
174
573128
4304
ali je to omogućilo svakome za stolom
09:53
to be creative, to solve the problem,
175
577432
4080
da bude kreativan, da bi se rešio problem
09:57
and to change the device.
176
581512
4328
i promenio aparat.
10:01
Joe was what a lot of people might think of
177
585840
3376
Džo je bio ono što bi mnogi ljudi nazvali
10:05
as a whistle-blower,
178
589216
2272
tužibabom,
10:07
except that like almost all whistle-blowers,
179
591488
2715
jedino što za razliku od nje
10:10
he wasn't a crank at all,
180
594203
2373
on ni najmanje nije bio prevrtljiv,
10:12
he was passionately devoted to the organization
181
596576
3448
on je bio strastveno posvećen organizaciji
10:15
and the higher purposes that that organization served.
182
600024
3448
i visokim ciljevima koje je ona imala.
10:19
But he had been so afraid of conflict,
183
603472
3816
On se toliko plašio suprotstavljanja,
10:23
until finally he became more afraid of the silence.
184
607288
5080
dok na kraju nije postao
mnogo više uplašen ćutanja.
mnogo više uplašen ćutanja.
10:28
And when he dared to speak,
185
612368
1859
A kada se usudio da progovori,
10:30
he discovered much more inside himself
186
614227
3398
otkrio je mnogo više o sebi samom
10:33
and much more give in the system than he had ever imagined.
187
617625
5242
i doprineo sistemu mnogo više
nego što je ikada mogao zamisliti.
nego što je ikada mogao zamisliti.
10:38
And his colleagues don't think of him as a crank.
188
622867
3331
A njegove kolege ne vide u njemu prevrtljivca.
10:42
They think of him as a leader.
189
626198
5128
Oni ga smatraju liderom.
10:47
So, how do we have these conversations more easily
190
631326
4368
Kako da onda takve razgovore vodimo lakše
10:51
and more often?
191
635694
1913
i češće?
10:53
Well, the University of Delft
192
637607
1986
Pa, Univerzitet u Delftu
10:55
requires that its PhD students
193
639593
2397
zahteva od svojih studenata
na doktorskim studijama
na doktorskim studijama
10:57
have to submit five statements that they're prepared to defend.
194
641990
3913
da prilože pet izjava koje su spremni da odbrane.
11:01
It doesn't really matter what the statements are about,
195
645903
3384
Zapravo nije ni važno šta one tvrde,
11:05
what matters is that the candidates are willing and able
196
649287
3792
ali ono što je svakako bitno
je da su kandidati voljni i u stanju
je da su kandidati voljni i u stanju
11:08
to stand up to authority.
197
653079
2603
da se usprotive autoritetu.
11:11
I think it's a fantastic system,
198
655682
2364
Ja smatram da je to fantastičan sistem,
11:13
but I think leaving it to PhD candidates
199
658046
2513
ali mislim i da, ostane li se
samo na doktorantima,
samo na doktorantima,
11:16
is far too few people, and way too late in life.
200
660559
4305
biće to suviše mali broj ljudi
i suviše kasno u životu.
i suviše kasno u životu.
11:20
I think we need to be teaching these skills
201
664864
3166
Ja smatram da treba učiti ovim veštinama
11:23
to kids and adults at every stage of their development,
202
668030
4080
decu i odrasle u svim dobima njihovog razvoja,
11:28
if we want to have thinking organizations
203
672110
2449
ako želimo da imamo intelektualne organizacije
11:30
and a thinking society.
204
674559
3647
i kritičko društvo.
11:34
The fact is that most of the biggest catastrophes that we've witnessed
205
678206
5618
Činjenica je da većina najvećih
katastrofa kojih smo svedoci
katastrofa kojih smo svedoci
11:39
rarely come from information that is secret or hidden.
206
683824
6391
retko proizlazi iz informacija
koje su sakrivene ili tajne.
koje su sakrivene ili tajne.
11:46
It comes from information that is freely available and out there,
207
690215
4304
Zapravo dolaze iz informacija
koje su javne i dostupne,
koje su javne i dostupne,
11:50
but that we are willfully blind to,
208
694519
2384
ali koje svesno ignorišemo,
11:52
because we can't handle, don't want to handle,
209
696903
3128
zato što ne možemo ili ne želimo da se izborimo
11:55
the conflict that it provokes.
210
700031
4407
sa sukobom koje one donose.
12:00
But when we dare to break that silence,
211
704438
2929
Ali kada se usudimo da razbijemo tišinu,
12:03
or when we dare to see,
212
707367
2657
ili sakupimo hrabrost da progledamo
12:05
and we create conflict,
213
710024
2255
i usprotivimo se,
12:08
we enable ourselves and the people around us
214
712279
2625
na taj način podstičemo i sebe i ljude oko nas
12:10
to do our very best thinking.
215
714904
4246
da na najbolji način sagledamo stvari.
12:15
Open information is fantastic,
216
719150
3376
Slobodne informacije su fantastične,
12:18
open networks are essential.
217
722526
3184
otvorene veze su od suštinskog značaja.
12:21
But the truth won't set us free
218
725710
1977
Ali istina nas neće osloboditi
12:23
until we develop the skills and the habit and the talent
219
727687
3764
sve dok ne razvijemo veštine
i naviku i sposobnost
i naviku i sposobnost
12:27
and the moral courage to use it.
220
731451
4137
i moralnu čvrstinu da ih upotrebimo.
12:31
Openness isn't the end.
221
735588
3760
Otvorenost nije kraj.
12:35
It's the beginning.
222
739348
2642
Zapravo je početak.
12:37
(Applause)
223
741990
11479
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Margaret Heffernan - Management thinkerThe former CEO of five businesses, Margaret Heffernan explores the all-too-human thought patterns -- like conflict avoidance and selective blindness -- that lead organizations and managers astray.
Why you should listen
How do organizations think? In her book Willful Blindness, Margaret Heffernan examines why businesses and the people who run them often ignore the obvious -- with consequences as dire as the global financial crisis and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.
Heffernan began her career in television production, building a track record at the BBC before going on to run the film and television producer trade association IPPA. In the US, Heffernan became a serial entrepreneur and CEO in the wild early days of web business. She now blogs for the Huffington Post and BNET.com. Her latest book, Beyond Measure, a TED Books original, explores the small steps companies can make that lead to big changes in their culture.
Margaret Heffernan | Speaker | TED.com