TEDGlobal 2014
Ricardo Semler: How to run a company with (almost) no rules
Rikardo Semler (Ricardo Semler): Radikalna mudrost za kompanije, škole i život
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Šta bi bilo kada posao ne bi upravljao vašim životom? Brazilski generalni direktor Rikardo Semler primenjuje radikalni oblik korporativne demokratije, menjajući sve od sastanaka odbora direktora do načina na koji zaposleni prijavljuju korišćenje slobodnih dana (ne moraju to da čine). To je vizija koja nagrađuje mudrost, promoviše balans između posla i privatnog života - i vodi ka dubokom uvidu u smisao rada i života. Bonus pitanje: šta kada bi takve bile i škole?
Ricardo Semler - Organizational changemaker
Two decades after transforming a struggling equipment supplier into a radically democratic and resilient (and successful) company, Ricardo Semler wants organizations to become wise. Full bio
Two decades after transforming a struggling equipment supplier into a radically democratic and resilient (and successful) company, Ricardo Semler wants organizations to become wise. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
On Mondays and Thursdays,
I learn how to die.
I learn how to die.
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Ponedeljkom i četvrtkom
učim kako da umrem.
učim kako da umrem.
00:17
I call them my terminal days.
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To nazivam svojim poslednjim danima,
00:19
My wife Fernanda doesn't like the term,
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moja supruga Fernanda ne voli taj naziv,
00:21
but a lot of people in my family died
of melanoma cancer
of melanoma cancer
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ali, puno ljudi iz moje porodice
je umrlo od melanoma,
je umrlo od melanoma,
od ovog karcinoma su bolovali
moji roditelji i baba i deda.
moji roditelji i baba i deda.
00:26
and my parents and grandparents had it.
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I uporno mislim
kako bih jednog dana mogao
kako bih jednog dana mogao
00:29
And I kept thinking, one day I could
be sitting in front of a doctor
be sitting in front of a doctor
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da se nađem u lekarskoj ordinaciji
i lekar, gledajući moje rezultate kaže:
00:32
who looks at my exams and says,
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00:34
"Ricardo, things don't look very good.
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"Rikardo, nije dobro.
00:37
You have six months or a year to live."
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Imaš još šest meseci ili godinu života."
00:39
And you start thinking about
what you would do with this time.
what you would do with this time.
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I tada počnete da razmišljate šta biste
radili tokom tog vremena.
radili tokom tog vremena.
00:43
And you say, "I'm going to spend
more time with the kids.
more time with the kids.
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I kažete: " O, pa provodiću više
vremena sa decom.
vremena sa decom.
Otputovaću na ta mesta,
proćiću uzduž i popreko planine i mesta
proćiću uzduž i popreko planine i mesta
00:45
I'm going to visit these places,
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00:47
I'm going to go up and down
mountains and places
mountains and places
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i radiću sve te stvari koje nisam
radio kada sam imao vremena."
radio kada sam imao vremena."
00:49
and I'm going to do all the things
I didn't do when I had the time."
I didn't do when I had the time."
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Ali, svi mi naravno znamo
00:53
But of course, we all know
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00:55
these are very bittersweet memories
we're going to have.
we're going to have.
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da će ta naša sećanja biti vrlo pomešana.
00:58
It's very difficult to do.
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I da je to vrlo teško uraditi.
00:59
You spend a good part of the time
crying, probably.
crying, probably.
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Tada verovatno provedete
puno vremena plačući.
puno vremena plačući.
01:03
So I said, I'm going to do something else.
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Tako da sam odlučio da uradim nešto drugo.
01:05
Every Monday and Thursday,
I'm going use my terminal days.
I'm going use my terminal days.
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Svakog ponedeljka i četvrtka koristiću
svoje poslednje dane.
svoje poslednje dane.
01:10
And I will do, during those days,
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I tokom tih dana radiću
01:13
whatever it is I was going to do
if I had received that piece of news.
if I had received that piece of news.
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sve ono što bih radio
da sam primio takvu vest.
da sam primio takvu vest.
01:16
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:18
When you think about --
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Kada razmišljate o -
01:20
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
01:24
when you think about the opposite of work,
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kada razmišljamo o onome što
je suprotno poslu,
je suprotno poslu,
01:26
we, many times, think it's leisure.
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mi često mislimo kako je to
slobodno vreme.
slobodno vreme.
01:29
And you say, ah, I need
some leisure time, and so forth.
some leisure time, and so forth.
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I kažete: potrebno mi je
malo slobodnog vremena i slično.
malo slobodnog vremena i slično.
01:32
But the fact is that,
leisure is a very busy thing.
leisure is a very busy thing.
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Ali činjenica je da smo mi
vrlo zauzeti tokom slobodnog vremena.
vrlo zauzeti tokom slobodnog vremena.
01:35
You go play golf and tennis,
and you meet people,
and you meet people,
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Igramo golf i tenis, srećemo ljude,
01:38
and you're going for lunch,
and you're late for the movies.
and you're late for the movies.
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idemo na ručak, kasnimo u bioskop.
01:41
It's a very crowded thing that we do.
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Ono je pretrpano.
01:43
The opposite of work is idleness.
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Suprotnost poslu je dokolica.
01:47
But very few of us know
what to do with idleness.
what to do with idleness.
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Ali samo nekolicina nas
zna šta bi sa dokolicom.
zna šta bi sa dokolicom.
01:49
When you look at the way
that we distribute our lives in general,
that we distribute our lives in general,
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Kada pogledate kako mi uopšteno
raspoređujemo svoje živote,
raspoređujemo svoje živote,
01:54
you realize that in the periods
in which we have a lot of money,
in which we have a lot of money,
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shvatite da u periodima u kojima
imamo dosta novca,
imamo dosta novca,
01:58
we have very little time.
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imamo vrlo malo vremena.
02:00
And then when we finally have time,
we have neither the money nor the health.
we have neither the money nor the health.
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A kada konačno imamo vremena,
nemamo novac niti zdravlje.
nemamo novac niti zdravlje.
02:05
So we started thinking about that
as a company for the last 30 years.
as a company for the last 30 years.
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O tome smo kao preduzeće
počeli da razmišljamo pre 30 godina.
počeli da razmišljamo pre 30 godina.
02:10
This is a complicated company
with thousands of employees,
with thousands of employees,
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To je komplikovano preduzeće
sa hiljadama zaposlenih,
sa hiljadama zaposlenih,
02:13
hundreds of millions
of dollars of business
of dollars of business
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stotinama miliona dolara
vrednom poslu
vrednom poslu
02:15
that makes rocket fuel propellent systems,
runs 4,000 ATMs in Brazil,
runs 4,000 ATMs in Brazil,
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koji proizvodi sisteme pogonskog
raketnog goriva,
raketnog goriva,
u Brazilu postoji 4000 bankomata
kojima upravlja,
kojima upravlja,
02:22
does income tax preparation
for dozens of thousands.
for dozens of thousands.
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radi pripremu za povraćaj poreza
za desetine hiljada.
za desetine hiljada.
02:25
So this is not a simple business.
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Tako da to nije jednostavan posao.
02:29
We looked at it and we said,
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Posmatrali smo ga i rekli:
02:31
let's devolve to these people,
let's give these people a company
let's give these people a company
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hajde da opunomoćimo ove ljude,
hajde da im damo preduzeće
hajde da im damo preduzeće
02:36
where we take away
all the boarding school aspects
all the boarding school aspects
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iz kojeg su uklonjene sve odlike internata
02:38
of, this is when you arrive,
this is how you dress,
this is how you dress,
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kao: ovako je kada stignete,
na ovaj način se oblačite,
na ovaj način se oblačite,
02:41
this is how you go to meetings,
this is what you say,
this is what you say,
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ovako idete na sastanke, ovo govorite,
02:43
this is what you don't say,
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ovo ne govorite,
02:44
and let's see what's left.
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i hajde da vidimo šta ostaje.
Tako da smo to započeli
pre oko 30 godina,
pre oko 30 godina,
02:46
So we started this about 30 years ago,
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02:48
and we started dealing
with this very issue.
with this very issue.
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i tada smo počeli da se bavimo
upravo tim pitanjem.
upravo tim pitanjem.
02:50
And so we said, look, the retirement,
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I tako smo rekli: pogledajte penziju,
02:52
the whole issue of how
we distribute our graph of life.
we distribute our graph of life.
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celo pitanje načina na koji
distribuiramo grafikon života.
distribuiramo grafikon života.
02:56
Instead of going mountain climbing
when you're 82,
when you're 82,
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Umesto da idete na planinarenje u 82-goj,
02:59
why don't you do it next week?
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zašto ne biste išli naredne nedelje?
03:01
And we'll do it like this,
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I to ćemo ovako da uradimo:
03:02
we'll sell you back your Wednesdays
for 10 percent of your salary.
for 10 percent of your salary.
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preprodaćemo vam vaše srede
za 10 procenata plate.
za 10 procenata plate.
03:07
So now, if you were going to be
a violinist, which you probably weren't,
a violinist, which you probably weren't,
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Pa tako, ako ste hteli da budete
violinista, što najverovatnije niste,
violinista, što najverovatnije niste,
03:11
you go and do this on Wednesday.
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idite i to radite sredom.
03:13
And what we found --
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I ono što smo otkrili -
03:14
we thought, these are the older people
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mislili smo, stariji ljudi će biti
03:17
who are going to be really interested
in this program.
in this program.
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zaista zainteresovani za ovaj program.
A prosečan uzrast prvih ljudi koji su
se ovoga prihvatili
se ovoga prihvatili
03:20
And the average age
of the first people who adhered
of the first people who adhered
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03:22
were 29, of course.
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je, naravno, bio 29 godina.
03:23
And so we started looking,
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I počeli smo da posmatramo,
i rekli smo: mi moramo da radimo
na drugačiji način.
na drugačiji način.
03:25
and we said, we have to do things
in a different way.
in a different way.
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Pa smo počeli da govorimo stvari poput:
03:27
So we started saying things like,
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03:29
why do we want to know
what time you came to work,
what time you came to work,
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zašto bismo trebali da znamo
kada ste došli na posao,
kada ste došli na posao,
03:31
what time you left, etc.?
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kada ste otišli, i slično?
03:33
Can't we exchange this for a contract
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Zar ne bismo mogli da ovo
zamenimo za ugovor
zamenimo za ugovor
03:35
for buying something from you,
some kind of work?
some kind of work?
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kojim bismo nešto kupili od vas,
neku vrstu posla?
neku vrstu posla?
03:39
Why are we building these headquarters?
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Zašto zidamo ova sedišta preduzeća?
03:41
Is it not an ego issue
that we want to look solid
that we want to look solid
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Zar nije problem ega to što želimo
da izgledamo stabilno
da izgledamo stabilno
03:43
and big and important?
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i veliko i značajno?
03:45
But we're dragging you two hours
across town because of it?
across town because of it?
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Ali da vas zbog toga dva sata
putujete na drugu stranu grada?
putujete na drugu stranu grada?
03:49
So we started asking questions one by one.
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Tako da smo počeli da postavljamo
pitanja jedno po jedno.
pitanja jedno po jedno.
03:52
We'd say it like this:
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Rekli bismo ovako:
03:53
One: How do we find people?
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prvo: kako pronalazimo ljude?
03:56
We'd go out and try
and recruit people and we'd say,
and recruit people and we'd say,
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Izašli bismo i regrutovali ljude
i rekli bismo im:
i rekli bismo im:
slušajte, kad dođete kod nas,
03:59
look, when you come to us,
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nećemo da prođemo
kroz dva ili tri intervjua
kroz dva ili tri intervjua
04:00
we're not going to have
two or three interviews
two or three interviews
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pa da ste onda sa nama zauvek venčani.
04:03
and then you're going to be
married to us for life.
married to us for life.
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Ne živimo tako ostatak života.
04:05
That's not how we do
the rest of our lives.
the rest of our lives.
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Dakle, dođite i prođite svoje intervjue.
04:07
So, come have your interviews.
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04:09
Anyone who's interested
in interviewing, you will show up.
in interviewing, you will show up.
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Svako ko je zainteresovan
da vas intervjuiše će se pojaviti.
da vas intervjuiše će se pojaviti.
04:13
And then we'll see what happens
out of the intuition that rises from that,
out of the intuition that rises from that,
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A onda ćemo videti šta će nam
nakon toga reći intuicija,
nakon toga reći intuicija,
04:17
instead of just filling out the little
items of whether you're the right person.
items of whether you're the right person.
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umesto da samo popunjavate male stavke
koje govore da li ste prava osoba.
koje govore da li ste prava osoba.
04:21
And then, come back.
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I onda se vratite.
Provedite sa nama poslepodne, ceo dan,
razgovarajte sa kim god želite.
razgovarajte sa kim god želite.
04:23
Spend an afternoon, spend a whole day,
talk to anybody you want.
talk to anybody you want.
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04:26
Make sure we are the bride
you thought we were
you thought we were
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Uverite se da smo mi onakva mlada
kakva ste mislili da jesmo
kakva ste mislili da jesmo
04:29
and not all the bullshit
we put into our own ads.
we put into our own ads.
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a ne sve one gluposti koje
stavljamo u oglase.
stavljamo u oglase.
04:32
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:34
Slowly we went to a process
where we'd say things like,
where we'd say things like,
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Polako smo ulazili u proces
gde bismo ljudima rekli stvari poput:
gde bismo ljudima rekli stvari poput:
04:38
we don't want anyone to be
a leader in the company
a leader in the company
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ne želimo da neko bude lider
u preduzeću
u preduzeću
04:41
if they haven't been
interviewed and approved
interviewed and approved
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ukoliko ga nisu intervjuisali i odobrili
04:43
by their future subordinates.
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njegovi budući potčinjeni.
04:46
Every six months, everyone gets
evaluated, anonymously, as a leader.
evaluated, anonymously, as a leader.
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Svakih šest meseci, svako je
anonimno ocenjen kao lider.
anonimno ocenjen kao lider.
04:51
And this determines whether they should
continue in that leadership position,
continue in that leadership position,
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I to određuje da li će ostati
na toj liderskoj poziciji,
na toj liderskoj poziciji,
04:55
which is many times
situational, as you know.
situational, as you know.
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što, kao što znate,
vrlo često zavisi od situacije.
vrlo često zavisi od situacije.
04:58
And so if they don't have 70, 80 percent
of a grade, they don't stay,
of a grade, they don't stay,
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I tako, ako ne dobiju
70, 80 procenata, ne ostaju,
70, 80 procenata, ne ostaju,
05:04
which is probably the reason why
I haven't been CEO for more than 10 years.
I haven't been CEO for more than 10 years.
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što je najverovatnije razlog zbog kojeg
ja već više od 10 godina
nisam generalni direktor.
nisam generalni direktor.
05:08
And over time, we started asking
other questions.
other questions.
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I tako smo, tokom vremena,
počeli da postavljamo i druga pitanja.
počeli da postavljamo i druga pitanja.
05:12
We said things like,
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Rekli smo stvari poput:
05:14
why can't people set their own salaries?
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zašto ljudi ne bi
sami sebi određivali plate?
sami sebi određivali plate?
05:17
What do they need to know?
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Šta treba da znaju?
05:19
There's only three things
you need to know:
you need to know:
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Samo su tri stvari koje treba
da znate:
da znate:
05:21
how much people make inside the company,
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koliko zarađuju ljudi unutar kompanije,
05:23
how much people make somewhere
else in a similar business
else in a similar business
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kolike su plate na drugim mestima
za slične poslove
za slične poslove
i koliko para mi uopšte zarađujemo, kako
biste videli da li to možemo da priuštimo.
biste videli da li to možemo da priuštimo.
05:26
and how much we make in general
to see whether we can afford it.
to see whether we can afford it.
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05:29
So let's give people these three
pieces of information.
pieces of information.
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Dakle, hajde da ljudima damo
te tri informacije.
te tri informacije.
05:32
So we started having, in the cafeteria,
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Tako da smo u kantini
imali kompjuter, kome ste
mogli da pristupite i pitate
mogli da pristupite i pitate
05:34
a computer where you could go in
and you could ask
and you could ask
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05:36
what someone spent,
how much someone makes,
how much someone makes,
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koliko je neko potrošio,
koliko neko zarađuje,
koliko neko zarađuje,
05:38
what they make in benefits,
what the company makes,
what the company makes,
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kolike su im povlastice,
koliko zarađuje preduzeće,
koliko zarađuje preduzeće,
05:41
what the margins are, and so forth.
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kolike su marže i slično.
05:43
And this is 25 years ago.
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I to je bilo pre 25 godina.
Kako su ljudi počeli da
primaju ove informacije,
primaju ove informacije,
05:47
As this information started
coming to people,
coming to people,
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mi smo govorili stvari poput:
05:50
we said things like, we don't want
to see your expense report,
to see your expense report,
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ne želimo da vidimo
izveštaj o vašim troškovima,
izveštaj o vašim troškovima,
05:53
we don't want to know how many
holidays you're taking,
holidays you're taking,
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ne želimo da znamo koliko
godišnjeg odmora koristite,
godišnjeg odmora koristite,
05:55
we don't want to know where you work.
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ne želimo da znamo odakle radite.
05:57
We had, at one point,
14 different offices around town,
14 different offices around town,
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Imali smo, u jednom momentu,
14 različitih kancelarija u gradu,
14 različitih kancelarija u gradu,
06:00
and we'd say, go to the one
that's closest to your house,
that's closest to your house,
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i rekli bismo: idite u onu koja
je najbliža vašoj kući,
je najbliža vašoj kući,
06:04
to the customer that
you're going to visit today.
you're going to visit today.
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ili klijentu kojeg ćete danas posetiti.
06:06
Don't tell us where you are.
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Nemojte nam govoriti gde ste.
06:08
And more, even when we had
thousands of people, 5,000 people,
thousands of people, 5,000 people,
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Štaviše, kada smo imali hiljade
zaposlenih, 5000 ljudi,
zaposlenih, 5000 ljudi,
06:12
we had two people in the H.R. department,
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imali smo dva čoveka
u sektoru za ljudske resurse,
u sektoru za ljudske resurse,
06:16
and thankfully one of them has retired.
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i srećom, jedan od njih se penzionisao.
06:18
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:20
And so, the question we were asking was,
how can we be taking care of people?
how can we be taking care of people?
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A pitanje koje smo postavljali je bilo:
kako da se brinemo o ljudima?
kako da se brinemo o ljudima?
06:24
People are the only thing we have.
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Ljudi su jedino što imamo.
06:26
We can't have a department that runs
after people and looks after people.
after people and looks after people.
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Ne možemo imati sektor koji
juri za ljudima i o njima se brine.
juri za ljudima i o njima se brine.
06:29
So as we started finding that this worked,
and we'd say, we're looking for --
and we'd say, we're looking for --
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I kako smo saznavali
da to daje rezultate,
da to daje rezultate,
govorili bismo, ono za čim tragamo -
a to je, po mom mišljenju, glavna stvar
za kojom sam ja tragao
za kojom sam ja tragao
06:35
and this is, I think,
the main thing I was looking for
the main thing I was looking for
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06:37
in the terminal days and in the company,
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tokom poslednjih dana i u preduzeću,
06:39
which is, how do you set up for wisdom?
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a to je: kako postići mudrost?
06:43
We've come from an age of revolution,
industrial revolution,
industrial revolution,
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Dolazimo iz perioda revolucije,
industrijske revolucije,
industrijske revolucije,
06:47
an age of information,
an age of knowledge,
an age of knowledge,
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ere informacija, ere znanja,
06:50
but we're not any closer
to the age of wisdom.
to the age of wisdom.
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ali nismo ništa bliži eri mudrosti.
06:53
How we design, how do we organize,
for more wisdom?
for more wisdom?
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Kako kreiramo, kako se organizujemo,
za više mudrosti?
za više mudrosti?
06:56
So for example, many times,
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Tako na primer,
06:58
what's the smartest or the intelligent
decision doesn't jive.
decision doesn't jive.
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često nam najpametnija ili
najinteligentnija odluka ne legne.
najinteligentnija odluka ne legne.
07:02
So we'd say things like,
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Tako bismo govorili nešto poput:
07:04
let's agree that you're going to sell
57 widgets per week.
57 widgets per week.
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hajde da se dogovorimo da ćete
prodavati 57 proizvoda nedeljno.
prodavati 57 proizvoda nedeljno.
07:08
If you sell them by Wednesday,
please go to the beach.
please go to the beach.
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Ukoliko ih prodate do srede,
molim vas idite na plažu.
molim vas idite na plažu.
07:12
Don't create a problem for us,
for manufacturing, for application,
for manufacturing, for application,
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Nemojte nam praviti probleme
u proizvodnji, primeni,
u proizvodnji, primeni,
tada moramo da kupimo nova preduzuća,
moramo da kupimo konkurenciju,
moramo da kupimo konkurenciju,
07:16
then we have to buy new companies,
we have to buy our competitors,
we have to buy our competitors,
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07:19
we have to do all kinds of things
because you sold too many widgets.
because you sold too many widgets.
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moramo da radimo razne stvari
jer ste prodali previše proizvoda.
jer ste prodali previše proizvoda.
07:22
So go to the beach
and start again on Monday.
and start again on Monday.
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Dakle idite na plažu i počnite
ispočetka u ponedeljak.
ispočetka u ponedeljak.
07:24
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smeh) (Aplauz)
07:27
So the process is looking for wisdom.
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Tako da je ovaj proces traženje mudrosti.
07:30
And in the process, of course,
we wanted people to know everything,
we wanted people to know everything,
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I tokom procesa, naravno,
želeli smo da ljudi sve znaju,
želeli smo da ljudi sve znaju,
07:34
and we wanted to be truly democratic
about the way we ran things.
about the way we ran things.
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i želeli smo da zaista budemo demokratični
u načinu na koji smo vodili stvari.
u načinu na koji smo vodili stvari.
07:37
So our board had two seats open
with the same voting rights,
with the same voting rights,
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Tako je naš odbor imao dva otvorena mesta,
sa istim pravom glasanja,
sa istim pravom glasanja,
07:43
for the first two people who showed up.
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za prvo dvoje ljudi koji bi se pojavili.
07:45
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:46
And so we had cleaning ladies voting
on a board meeting,
on a board meeting,
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I tako smo imali čistačice koje su
glasale na sastancima odbora direktora,
glasale na sastancima odbora direktora,
07:52
which had a lot of other very important
people in suits and ties.
people in suits and ties.
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na kojem je bilo puno značajnih ljudi
u odelima i sa kravatama.
u odelima i sa kravatama.
07:55
And the fact is that they kept us honest.
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I činjenica je da smo
zbog njih ostajali iskreni.
zbog njih ostajali iskreni.
07:58
This process, as we started looking
at the people who came to us,
at the people who came to us,
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Ovaj proces, kako smo počeli da posmatramo
ljude koji bi nam dolazili,
ljude koji bi nam dolazili,
08:02
we'd say, now wait a second,
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rekli bismo, čekajte malo,
08:04
people come to us and they say,
where am I supposed to sit?
where am I supposed to sit?
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ljudi nam dolaza i pitaju:
gde bi trebalo da sednem?
gde bi trebalo da sednem?
08:07
How am I supposed to work?
Where am I going to be in 5 years' time?
Where am I going to be in 5 years' time?
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Kako bi trebalo da radim?
Gde ću biti za 5 godina?
Gde ću biti za 5 godina?
08:10
And we looked at that and we said,
we have to start much earlier.
we have to start much earlier.
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I mi smo to posmatrali i rekli,
moramo da počnemo mnogo ranije.
moramo da počnemo mnogo ranije.
08:13
Where do we start?
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Gde da počnemo?
08:14
We said, oh, kindergarten
seems like a good place.
seems like a good place.
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Rekli smo pa, zabavište
nam se čini kao dobro mesto.
nam se čini kao dobro mesto.
08:16
So we set up a foundation, which now has,
for 11 years, three schools,
for 11 years, three schools,
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I tako smo osnovali fondaciju, koja danas,
već 11 godina, ima tri škole,
već 11 godina, ima tri škole,
08:21
where we started asking
the same questions,
the same questions,
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gde smo počeli da postavljamo
ista pitanja,
ista pitanja,
08:23
how do you redesign school for wisdom?
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kako redizajnirati škole zarad mudrosti?
08:26
It is one thing to say,
we need to recycle the teachers,
we need to recycle the teachers,
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Jedna je stvar reći: moramo da
promenimo učitelje,
promenimo učitelje,
08:29
we need the directors to do more.
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direktori moraju da rade više.
08:31
But the fact is that what we do
with education is entirely obsolete.
with education is entirely obsolete.
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Ali činjenica je da je naše
obrazovanje potpuno prevaziđeno.
obrazovanje potpuno prevaziđeno.
08:37
The teacher's role is entirely obsolete.
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Uloga učitelja je potpuno prevaziđena.
08:39
Going from a math class, to biology,
to 14th-century France is very silly.
to 14th-century France is very silly.
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Ići sa časa matematike na biologiju, pa
u Francusku u XIV veku je jako blesavo.
u Francusku u XIV veku je jako blesavo.
08:45
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
Tako da smo počeli da razmišljamo:
kako bi to trebalo da izgleda?
kako bi to trebalo da izgleda?
08:50
So we started thinking,
what could it look like?
what could it look like?
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08:52
And we put together people,
including people who like education,
including people who like education,
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I spojili smo ljude, uključujući
one koji vole obrazovanje,
one koji vole obrazovanje,
08:56
people like Paulo Freire,
and two ministers of education in Brazil
and two ministers of education in Brazil
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ljude poput Paola Frejrija,
i dvojicu ministara obrazovanja Brazila
i dvojicu ministara obrazovanja Brazila
09:01
and we said, if we were to design
a school from scratch,
a school from scratch,
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i rekli smo, ukoliko želimo
da školu dizajniramo od nule,
da školu dizajniramo od nule,
09:04
what would it look like?
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kako bi ona izgledala?
09:06
And so we created this school,
which is called Lumiar,
which is called Lumiar,
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I tako smo napravili ovu školu,
koja se zove Lumiar.
koja se zove Lumiar.
09:09
and Lumiar, one of them
is a public school,
is a public school,
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I Lumiar, jedna od njih je
državna škola,
državna škola,
09:11
and Lumiar says the following:
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i Lumiar govori sledeće:
09:13
Let's divide this role
of the teacher into two.
of the teacher into two.
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Hajde da ulogu učitelja podelimo na dvoje.
09:17
One guy, we'll call a tutor.
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Jednog zovemo tutorom.
09:20
A tutor, in the old sense of the Greek
"paideia": Look after the kid.
"paideia": Look after the kid.
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Tutorom, u smislu starogrčkog "paideia":
pazite na dete.
pazite na dete.
09:25
What's happening at home,
what's their moment in life, etc..
what's their moment in life, etc..
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Šta se dešava kod kuće, na kojoj se tački
života trenutno nalazi itd.
života trenutno nalazi itd.
Ali molim vas nemojte podučavati,
09:29
But please don't teach,
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09:30
because the little you know compared
to Google, we don't want to know.
to Google, we don't want to know.
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jer malo vi znate u poređenju sa Guglom,
nećemo ni da znamo.
nećemo ni da znamo.
09:33
Keep that to yourself.
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To zadržite za sebe.
09:34
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:36
Now, we'll bring in people
who have two things:
who have two things:
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A sada ćemo da dovedemo ljude
koji poseduju dve stvari:
koji poseduju dve stvari:
09:40
passion and expertise, and it could be
their profession or not.
their profession or not.
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strast i znanje, a oni mogu,
ali ne moraju biti profesionalci.
ali ne moraju biti profesionalci.
09:44
And we use the senior citizens,
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I koristili smo starije građane,
09:46
who are 25 percent of the population
with wisdom that nobody wants anymore.
with wisdom that nobody wants anymore.
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koji čine 25 procenata stanovništva
sa mudrošću koju niko više ne želi.
sa mudrošću koju niko više ne želi.
09:50
So we bring them to school and we say,
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Tako da smo ih doveli u školu i rekli:
09:53
teach these kids whatever
you really believe in.
you really believe in.
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učite ovu decu bilo čemu
u šta iskreno verujete.
u šta iskreno verujete.
09:57
So we have violinists teaching math.
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Tako smo imali violiniste
koji su predavali matematiku.
koji su predavali matematiku.
09:59
We have all kinds of things where we say,
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Imamo raznorazne stvari i kažemo:
10:02
don't worry about
the course material anymore.
the course material anymore.
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nemojte da više brinete o udžbenicima.
10:05
We have approximately 10 great threads
that go from 2 to 17.
that go from 2 to 17.
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Imamo oko 10 velikih tema
koje se protežu od 2. do 17. godine.
koje se protežu od 2. do 17. godine.
10:10
Things like, how do we measure
ourselves as humans?
ourselves as humans?
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Teme poput: kako se,
kao ljudska bića merimo?
kao ljudska bića merimo?
10:14
So there's a place for math and physics
and all that there.
and all that there.
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I tu postoji mesto za matematiku
i fiziku i sve to.
i fiziku i sve to.
10:18
How do we express ourselves?
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Kako se izražavamo?
10:20
So there's a place
for music and literature, etc.,
for music and literature, etc.,
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Tako da postoji mesto
za muziku i književnost itd.
za muziku i književnost itd.
10:22
but also for grammar.
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ali i za gramatiku.
10:24
And then we have things
that everyone has forgotten,
that everyone has forgotten,
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A onda imamo i stvari koje su
svi drugi zaboravili,
svi drugi zaboravili,
10:27
which are probably the most
important things in life.
important things in life.
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koje su verovatno najvažnije
stvari u životu.
stvari u životu.
10:29
The very important things in life,
we know nothing about.
we know nothing about.
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O najvažnijim stvarima u životu,
mi ne znamo ništa.
mi ne znamo ništa.
10:33
We know nothing about love,
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Ne znamo ništa o ljubavi,
10:35
we know nothing about death,
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ne znamo ništa o smrti,
10:37
we know nothing about why we're here.
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ne znamo ništa o tome
zašto smo ovde.
zašto smo ovde.
10:39
So we need a thread in school that
talks about everything we don't know.
talks about everything we don't know.
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Tako da nam je u školi potrebna tema
koja govori o svemu onome o čemu ne znamo.
koja govori o svemu onome o čemu ne znamo.
10:44
So that's a big part of what we do.
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Tako da to čini veliki deo našeg rada.
10:46
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
10:51
So over the years, we started going
into other things.
into other things.
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I tako smo tokom godina,
krenuli i u druge stvari.
krenuli i u druge stvari.
10:54
We'd say, why do we have to scold the kids
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Rekli bismo: zašto treba da grdimo decu
10:57
and say, sit down and come here
and do that, and so forth.
and do that, and so forth.
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2791
i govorimo: dođi ovamo i radi ovo itd.
10:59
We said, let's get the kids to do
something we call a circle,
something we call a circle,
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3315
Rekli smo, hajde da deca rade nešto
što nazivamo krugom,
što nazivamo krugom,
11:03
which meets once a week.
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to čine jednom nedeljno.
11:04
And we'd say, you put the rules together
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I kažemo im: vi sastavljate pravila
11:06
and then you decide
what you want to do with it.
what you want to do with it.
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2327
a potom odlučujete šta ćete sa njima.
11:09
So can you all hit yourself on the head?
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2182
I da li možete da udarate jedan drugog?
11:11
Sure, for a week, try.
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Naravno, nedelju dana, probajte.
11:13
They came up with the very same
rules that we had,
rules that we had,
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I oni su doneli ona ista pravila
koja smo i imali,
koja smo i imali,
11:17
except they're theirs.
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1391
sem što su njihova.
11:18
And then, they have the power,
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2245
I tada, oni imaju moć,
11:21
which means, they can and do
suspend and expel kids
suspend and expel kids
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4992
što znači da oni mogu da suspenduju
i izbace decu iz škole,
i izbace decu iz škole,
11:26
so that we're not playing school,
they really decide.
they really decide.
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tako da se mi ne igramo škole,
oni zaista odlučuju.
oni zaista odlučuju.
11:31
And then, in this same vein,
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I onda, u istom smislu
11:34
we keep a digital mosaic,
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2394
imamo digitalni mozaik,
11:36
because this is not constructivist
or Montessori or something.
or Montessori or something.
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3631
jer ovo nije konstruktivizam, Montesori
ili nešto tako.
ili nešto tako.
11:40
It's something where we keep
the Brazilian curriculum
the Brazilian curriculum
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u njemu držimo
brazilski obrazovni program,
brazilski obrazovni program,
11:44
with 600 tiles of a mosaic,
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kroz 600 pločica u moziku,
11:46
which we want to expose these kids
to by the time they're 17.
to by the time they're 17.
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3137
koje hoćemo da iznesemo deci
do njihove 17. godine.
do njihove 17. godine.
11:49
And follow this all the time
and we know how they're doing
and we know how they're doing
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Ovo stalno pratimo i znamo kako im ide
11:52
and we say, you're not interested
in this now, let's wait a year.
in this now, let's wait a year.
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i kažemo, to te ne zanima ove godine,
hajde da sačekamo jednu godinu.
hajde da sačekamo jednu godinu.
11:56
And the kids are in groups
that don't have an age category,
that don't have an age category,
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4232
A deca nisu u uzrasnim grupama,
12:01
so the six-year-old kid
who is ready for that with an 11-year-old,
who is ready for that with an 11-year-old,
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3726
tako da je šestogodišnjak, koji je
za to spreman, sa 11-godišnjakom,
za to spreman, sa 11-godišnjakom,
12:04
that eliminates all of the gangs
and the groups
and the groups
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2365
i to eliminiše bande i grupe
12:07
and this stuff that we have
in the schools, in general.
in the schools, in general.
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3885
i sve te stvari, koje u školama
imamo, generalno.
imamo, generalno.
12:11
And they have a zero
to 100 percent grading,
to 100 percent grading,
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2441
I imaju ocenjivanje
od nula do 100 procenata,
od nula do 100 procenata,
12:13
which they do themselves with an app
every couple of hours.
every couple of hours.
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što oni sami, uz pomoć aplikacije
rade svakih par sati
rade svakih par sati
12:17
Until we know they're 37 percent of the
way we'd like them to be on this issue,
way we'd like them to be on this issue,
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sve dok ne znamo
da su postigli 37 procenata
da su postigli 37 procenata
od onoga što bismo mi od njih želeli
vezano za tu temu,
vezano za tu temu,
12:21
so that we can send them out in the world
with them knowing enough about it.
with them knowing enough about it.
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tako da možemo da ih pošaljemo u svet
sa dovoljnim znanjem o toj temi.
sa dovoljnim znanjem o toj temi.
12:26
And so the courses are World Cup Soccer,
or building a bicycle.
or building a bicycle.
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Predmeti su: Svetski fudbalski kup,
ili pravljenje bicikla.
ili pravljenje bicikla.
12:31
And people will sign up for
a 45-day course on building a bicycle.
a 45-day course on building a bicycle.
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I ljudi se prijave na kurs o
pravljenju bicikla koji traje 45 dana.
pravljenju bicikla koji traje 45 dana.
12:36
Now, try to build a bicycle without
knowing that pi is 3.1416.
knowing that pi is 3.1416.
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A probajte da napravite bicikl
a da ne znate da je pi 3,1416.
a da ne znate da je pi 3,1416.
12:40
You can't.
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Ne možete.
12:42
And try, any one of you,
using 3.1416 for something.
using 3.1416 for something.
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A pokušajte, bilo ko od vas
da iskoristi 3,1416 za nešto.
da iskoristi 3,1416 za nešto.
Više ne znate.
12:47
You don't know anymore.
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To je izgubljeno i to je ono
što mi pokušavamo da uradimo,
što mi pokušavamo da uradimo,
12:48
So this is lost and that's what
we try to do there,
we try to do there,
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12:51
which is looking
for wisdom in that school.
for wisdom in that school.
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što je traženje mudrosti u toj školi.
12:53
And that brings us back to this graph
and this distribution of our life.
and this distribution of our life.
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A to nas ponovo vodi do grafikona
i distribucije našeg života.
i distribucije našeg života.
12:59
I accumulated a lot of money
when I think about it.
when I think about it.
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Kada o tome razmišljam, ja sam
stekao mnogo novca.
stekao mnogo novca.
13:01
When you think and you say,
now is the time to give back --
now is the time to give back --
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Kada razmišljate i kažete:
vreme je da ga vratim -
vreme je da ga vratim -
13:05
well, if you're giving back,
you took too much.
you took too much.
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pa, ukoliko vraćate, previše ste uzeli.
13:08
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smeh) (Aplauz)
Mislim o tome kako se Voren Bafet
probudio jednog jutra
probudio jednog jutra
13:16
I keep thinking of Warren Buffet
waking up one day
waking up one day
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13:19
and finding out he has 30 billion dollars
more than he thought he had.
more than he thought he had.
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3384
i shvatio kako ima 30 milijardi dolara
više nego što je mislio.
više nego što je mislio.
13:22
And he looks and he says,
what am I going to do with this?
what am I going to do with this?
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Pogleda i kaže: šta ću da radim sa ovim?
13:25
And he says, I'll give it to someone
who really needs this.
who really needs this.
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I kaže: daću ga nekome
kome je zaista potreban.
kome je zaista potreban.
13:28
I'll give it to Bill Gates. (Laughter)
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Daću ga Bil Gejtsu. (Smeh)
13:32
And my guy, who's my financial
advisor in New York,
advisor in New York,
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A moj čovek, moj finansijski
savetnik u Njujorku,
savetnik u Njujorku,
13:35
he says, look, you're a silly guy
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1893
mi kaže: ti si blesav,
13:37
because you would have 4.1 times
more money today
more money today
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805129
3273
danas si mogao da imaš
4,1 puta više novca
4,1 puta više novca
13:40
if you had made money with money
instead of sharing as you go.
instead of sharing as you go.
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da si novcem zarađivao novac
umesto što si ga usput delio sa drugima.
umesto što si ga usput delio sa drugima.
13:44
But I like sharing as you go better.
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Ali ja više volim da delim usput.
13:46
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
13:49
I taught MBAs at MIT for a time
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817786
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Jedno vreme sam predavao
studentima na MIT-ju
studentima na MIT-ju
13:54
and I ended up, one day,
at the Mount Auburn Cemetery.
at the Mount Auburn Cemetery.
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822058
2606
i jednog dana sam se našao
na groblju Maunt Obern.
na groblju Maunt Obern.
13:56
It is a beautiful cemetery in Cambridge.
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824664
1944
To je prelepo groblje u Kembridžu.
13:58
And I was walking around.
It was my birthday and I was thinking.
It was my birthday and I was thinking.
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826608
3042
Šetao sam se unaokolo.
Bio mi je rođendan i ramišljao sam.
Bio mi je rođendan i ramišljao sam.
I tokom prve šetnje sam video
te nadgrobne spomenike
te nadgrobne spomenike
14:01
And the first time around,
I saw these tombstones
I saw these tombstones
274
829650
2394
14:04
and these wonderful people
who'd done great things
who'd done great things
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832044
2773
i te divne ljude koji su učinili
značajne stvari
značajne stvari
14:06
and I thought, what do I want
to be remembered for?
to be remembered for?
276
834817
3882
i pomislio sam: po čemu želim
da mene pamte?
da mene pamte?
14:10
And I did another stroll around,
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838889
1596
I napravio sam novi krug,
14:12
and the second time,
another question came to me,
another question came to me,
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2445
i drugi put, palo mi je na pamet
drugo pitanje,
drugo pitanje,
14:14
which did me better, which was,
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842930
2303
koje mi je bolje poslužilo, a to je bilo:
14:17
why do I want to be remembered at all?
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2887
zašto bih uopšte želeo da me pamte?
14:20
(Laughter)
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2137
(Smeh)
14:22
And that, I think,
took me different places.
took me different places.
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850257
2821
I to me je, mislim, odvelo daleko.
14:25
When I was 50, my wife Fernanda and I
sat for a whole afternoon,
sat for a whole afternoon,
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853078
4248
Kada sam imao 50 godina, moja supruga
Fernanda i ja smo sedeli čitavo popodne,
Fernanda i ja smo sedeli čitavo popodne,
14:29
we had a big pit with fire,
284
857326
2182
bili smo pored vatre,
14:31
and I threw everything I had ever
done into that fire.
done into that fire.
285
859508
3576
i u nju sam bacio
sve što sam ikada uradio.
sve što sam ikada uradio.
14:35
This is a book in 38 languages,
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863084
2387
Tu knjigu prevedenu na 38 jezika,
14:37
hundreds and hundreds of articles
and DVDs, everything there was.
and DVDs, everything there was.
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865471
3547
stotine i stotine članaka i DVD-ja,
sve što sam imao.
sve što sam imao.
14:41
And that did two things.
288
869018
1420
A time su urađene dve stvari.
14:42
One, it freed our five kids
from following in our steps, our shadow --
from following in our steps, our shadow --
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870438
4925
Prva, oslobodilo je naše petoro dece
pritiska da idu našim stopama, naše senke.
pritiska da idu našim stopama, naše senke.
14:47
They don't know what I do.
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875363
1656
Oni ne znaju šta ja radim.
14:49
(Laughter)
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877019
1224
(Smeh)
14:50
Which is good.
292
878243
1309
Što je dobro.
14:51
And I'm not going to take them somewhere
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879552
1925
I ja ih neću povesti na neko mesto
14:53
and say, one day
all of this will be yours.
all of this will be yours.
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881477
2394
i reći: jednoga dana sve ovo će biti vaše.
14:55
(Laughter)
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883871
1557
(Smeh)
14:57
The five kids know nothing, which is good.
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885428
3532
Petoro dece ne zna ništa, što je dobro.
15:00
And the second thing is,
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1681
A druga stvar je,
15:02
I freed myself from this anchor
of past achievement or whatever.
of past achievement or whatever.
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890641
4698
oslobodio sam sebe tereta
uspeha, ili već čega, iz prošlosti.
uspeha, ili već čega, iz prošlosti.
15:07
I'm free to start something new every time
and to decide things from scratch
and to decide things from scratch
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895339
4498
Slobodan sam da svaki put započnem nešto
novo, i da o stvarima odlučujem od nule
novo, i da o stvarima odlučujem od nule
15:11
in part of those terminal days.
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899837
2121
delimično tokom tih poslednjih dana.
15:13
And some people would say,
301
901958
1417
I neki ljudi bi rekli:
15:15
oh, so now you have this time,
these terminal days,
these terminal days,
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903375
2538
o, pa sada imaš to vreme,
te poslednje dane,
te poslednje dane,
15:17
and so you go out and do everything.
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905913
1858
i tako izlaziš i svašta radiš.
15:19
No, we've been to the beaches,
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907771
2322
Ne, bili smo na plažama.
15:22
so we've been to Samoa and Maldives
and Mozambique,
and Mozambique,
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910093
2562
bili smo na Samoi i Maldivima
i Mozambiku,
i Mozambiku,
15:24
so that's done.
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912655
1766
tako da je to urađeno.
15:26
I've climbed mountains in the Himalayas.
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914421
2109
Planinario sam na Himalajima.
15:28
I've gone down 60 meters to see
hammerhead sharks.
hammerhead sharks.
308
916530
3871
Išao sam na dubinu od 60 metara
kako bih video ajkule čekićare.
kako bih video ajkule čekićare.
15:32
I've spent 59 days on the back of a camel
from Chad to Timbuktu.
from Chad to Timbuktu.
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920401
4551
Proveo sam 59 dana na leđima kamile
od Čada do Timbuktua.
od Čada do Timbuktua.
15:36
I've gone to the magnetic
North Pole on a dog sled.
North Pole on a dog sled.
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924952
3991
Otišao sam na magnetski Severni pol
na sankama koje vuku psi.
na sankama koje vuku psi.
15:40
So, we've been busy.
311
928943
1776
Dakle, bili smo zauzeti.
15:42
It's what I'd like to call
my empty bucket list.
my empty bucket list.
312
930719
6003
To je ono što volim da nazovem
mojom praznom listom poslednjih želja.
mojom praznom listom poslednjih želja.
15:48
(Laughter)
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936722
2979
(Smeh)
15:51
And with this rationale,
I look at these days and I think,
I look at these days and I think,
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939701
3557
I razmišljajući na ovaj način,
posmatram te dane i mislim,
posmatram te dane i mislim,
15:55
I'm not retired.
I don't feel retired at all.
I don't feel retired at all.
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943258
2519
nisam u penziji,
ne osećam se penzionisano.
ne osećam se penzionisano.
15:57
And so I'm writing a new book.
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945777
2141
I tako, pišem novu knjigu.
15:59
We started three new companies
in the last two years.
in the last two years.
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947918
3813
Osnovali smo tri nove kompanije
tokom poslednje dve godine.
tokom poslednje dve godine.
16:03
I'm now working on getting this
school system for free out into the world,
school system for free out into the world,
318
951731
5203
Sada radim na tome da ovaj novi
školski sistem besplatno pustim u svet,
školski sistem besplatno pustim u svet,
16:08
and I've found, very interestingly enough,
that nobody wants it for free.
that nobody wants it for free.
319
956934
3429
a uvideo sam, začuđujuće,
da ga niko ne želi besplatno.
da ga niko ne želi besplatno.
I tako već deset godina pokušavam
16:12
And so I've been trying for 10 years
320
960387
1938
16:14
to get the public system
to take over this school rationale,
to take over this school rationale,
321
962325
3425
da ubedim državni sistem
da preuzme ovu školsku osnovu,
da preuzme ovu školsku osnovu,
16:17
much as the public schools we have,
322
965750
2395
baš kao državne škole koje imamo,
16:20
which has instead of 43 out of 100,
as their rating, as their grades,
as their rating, as their grades,
323
968145
4697
i koji umesto 43 od 100,
što je njihov rejting, njihove ocene
što je njihov rejting, njihove ocene
16:24
has 91 out of 100.
324
972842
2689
ima 91 od 100.
16:27
But for free, nobody wants it.
325
975531
2433
Ali za džabe ga niko neće.
Tako da ćemo možda početi da za njega
naplaćujemo, pa će nekuda stići.
naplaćujemo, pa će nekuda stići.
16:29
So maybe we'll start charging for it
and then it will go somewhere.
and then it will go somewhere.
326
977964
3194
16:33
But getting this out is one
of the things we want to do.
of the things we want to do.
327
981158
3781
Ali jedna od stvari koje hoćemo da uradimo
je da ga iznesemo u javnost.
je da ga iznesemo u javnost.
16:36
And I think what this leaves us
as a message for all of you,
as a message for all of you,
328
984939
3317
Mislim da nas ovo ostavlja
sa porukom za sve vas,
sa porukom za sve vas,
16:40
I think is a little bit like this:
329
988256
1752
mislim da ona ide ovako:
16:42
We've all learned
how to go on Sunday night
how to go on Sunday night
330
990008
3157
Svi smo naučili kako da
izađemo nedeljom uveče
izađemo nedeljom uveče
16:45
to email and work from home.
331
993165
2417
kako da šaljemo mejlove i radimo od kuće.
16:47
But very few of us have learned
332
995582
1710
Ali vrlo nas je malo naučilo
16:49
how to go to the movies
on Monday afternoon.
on Monday afternoon.
333
997292
3130
kako da idemo u bioskop
ponedeljkom poslepodne.
ponedeljkom poslepodne.
16:52
And if we're looking for wisdom,
we need to learn to do that as well.
we need to learn to do that as well.
334
1000422
4101
A ukoliko tražimo mudrost,
moramo da i to naučimo.
moramo da i to naučimo.
16:56
And so, what we've done all
of these years is very simple,
of these years is very simple,
335
1004523
3650
I tako je ono što smo radili
sve ove godine vrlo jednostavno,
sve ove godine vrlo jednostavno,
a to je korišćenje male alatke koja je:
tri puta uzastopno zapitati zašto.
tri puta uzastopno zapitati zašto.
17:00
is use the little tool,
which is ask three whys in a row.
which is ask three whys in a row.
336
1008173
3172
17:03
Because the first why
you always have a good answer for.
you always have a good answer for.
337
1011345
2761
Jer na prvo zašto
uvek imate dobar odgovor.
uvek imate dobar odgovor.
17:06
The second why,
it starts getting difficult.
it starts getting difficult.
338
1014106
2415
sa drugim zašto postaje teže.
17:08
By the third why, you don't really know
why you're doing what you're doing.
why you're doing what you're doing.
339
1016521
3939
Do trećeg zašto, više zaista ne znate
zašto radite to što radite.
zašto radite to što radite.
17:12
What I want to leave you with is the seed
and the thought that maybe if you do this,
and the thought that maybe if you do this,
340
1020460
6228
Želim da vas ostavim sa klicom i mišlju
da ćete možda ukoliko to uradite,
da ćete možda ukoliko to uradite,
17:18
you will come to the question, what for?
341
1026688
2756
doći do pitanja: zbog čega?
17:21
What am I doing this for?
342
1029444
1502
Zbog čega ja ovo radim?
17:22
And hopefully, as a result of that,
and over time,
and over time,
343
1030946
2881
I konačno tokom vremena, kao posledicu.
17:25
I hope that with this,
and that's what I'm wishing you,
and that's what I'm wishing you,
344
1033827
3133
I nadam se da ćete sa ovim,
i to je ono što vam želim,
i to je ono što vam želim,
17:28
you'll have a much wiser future.
345
1036960
2703
imati mnogo mudriju budućnost.
17:31
Thank you very much.
346
1039663
1785
Veliko hvala.
17:33
(Applause)
347
1041448
7539
(Aplauz)
17:45
Chris Anderson: So Ricardo,
you're kind of crazy.
you're kind of crazy.
348
1053957
5087
Kris Anderson: Rikardo,
vi ste pomalo ludi.
vi ste pomalo ludi.
17:51
(Laughter)
349
1059044
1825
(Smeh)
17:52
To many people, this seems crazy.
350
1060869
3180
Mnogim ljudima se ovo čini ludo.
17:56
And yet so deeply wise, also.
351
1064049
3389
A ipak tako dubokoumno.
17:59
The pieces I'm trying
to put together are this:
to put together are this:
352
1067438
2909
Ono što pokušavam da shvatim
je sledeće:
je sledeće:
18:02
Your ideas are so radical.
353
1070347
2095
vaše ideje su tako radikalne.
18:04
How, in business, for example,
these ideas have been out for a while,
these ideas have been out for a while,
354
1072442
5049
One su u poslovnom svetu, na primer,
prisutne već neko vreme,
prisutne već neko vreme,
18:10
probably the percentage of businesses
that have taken some of them
that have taken some of them
355
1078191
3210
veovatno je broj preduzeća koja
su ih usvojila
su ih usvojila
18:13
is still quite low.
356
1081401
1902
još uvek prilično mali.
18:15
Are there any times you've seen
some big company
some big company
357
1083303
2898
Da li se desilo da ste videli kako
je neko veliko preduzeće
je neko veliko preduzeće
18:18
take on one of your ideas
and you've gone, "Yes!"?
and you've gone, "Yes!"?
358
1086201
3629
usvojilo vaše ideje,
a vaša reakcija je bila: "To!"
a vaša reakcija je bila: "To!"
18:21
Ricardo Semler: It happens.
It happened about two weeks ago
It happened about two weeks ago
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1089830
2797
Rikardo Semler: Dešava se.
Desilo se pre oko dve nedelje
Desilo se pre oko dve nedelje
18:24
with Richard Branson,
with his people saying,
with his people saying,
360
1092627
2210
sa Ričardom Bransonom i njegovim ljudima
koji kažu: ne želimo više da
kontrolišemo vaše godišnje odmore
kontrolišemo vaše godišnje odmore
18:26
oh, I don't want to control
your holidays anymore,
your holidays anymore,
361
1094837
2532
18:29
or Netflix does a little bit
of this and that,
of this and that,
362
1097369
2184
ili sa Netfliksom, koji ponešto čini
18:31
but I don't think it's very important.
363
1099553
2327
ali ne mislim da je to jako važno.
18:33
I'd like to see it happen maybe a little
bit in a bit of a missionary zeal,
bit in a bit of a missionary zeal,
364
1101880
3754
U svom misionarskom žaru
bih voleo da to vidim,
bih voleo da to vidim,
18:37
but that's a very personal one.
365
1105634
1574
ali to je vrlo lična želja.
18:39
But the fact is that it takes a leap
of faith about losing control.
of faith about losing control.
366
1107208
4212
Činjenica je da je za gubljenje kontrole
neophodna vera.
neophodna vera.
18:43
And almost nobody who is in control
is ready to take leaps of faith.
is ready to take leaps of faith.
367
1111420
3296
A retko je ko od onih koji kontrolišu,
spreman da dela na osnovu vere.
spreman da dela na osnovu vere.
18:46
It will have to come from kids
and other people
and other people
368
1114716
2340
To će morati da potekne
od mladih i drugih ljudi
od mladih i drugih ljudi
18:49
who are starting companies
in a different way.
in a different way.
369
1117056
2242
koji svoja preduzeća zasnivaju drugačije.
18:51
CA: So that's the key thing?
370
1119298
1508
KA: To je dakle ključno?
18:52
From your point of view
the evidence is there,
the evidence is there,
371
1120806
2199
Po vašem mišljenju dokazi postoje,
18:55
in the business point of view this works,
372
1123005
1996
sa poslovne tačke gledišta daje rezultate
18:57
but people just don't have
the courage to -- (Whoosh)
the courage to -- (Whoosh)
373
1125001
2708
ali ljudi naprosto
nemaju hrabrosti da - (Fju)
nemaju hrabrosti da - (Fju)
18:59
RS: They don't even have the incentive.
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1127709
2122
RS: Oni ni nemaju podstrek.
19:01
You're running a company
with a 90-day mandate.
with a 90-day mandate.
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Vi vodite preduzeće
sa mandatom od 90 dana.
sa mandatom od 90 dana.
19:04
It's a quarterly report.
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To je kvartalni izveštaj.
Ukoliko nemate dobre rezultate
nakon 90 dana, gotovi ste.
nakon 90 dana, gotovi ste.
19:06
If you're not good in 90 days, you're out.
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19:08
So you say, "Here's a great program that,
in less than one generation --"
in less than one generation --"
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I tako kažete: "Imam odličan program
koji će za manje od generacije ..."
koji će za manje od generacije ..."
19:12
And the guy says, "Get out of here."
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A oni vam kažu: "Ma hajde!"
19:14
So this is the problem.
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Tako da je to problem.
19:16
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
19:19
CA: What you're trying to do in education
seems to me incredibly profound.
seems to me incredibly profound.
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KA: To što pokušavate da učinite sa
obrazovanjem mi se čini izuzetno mudrim.
obrazovanjem mi se čini izuzetno mudrim.
19:24
Everyone is bothered about
their country's education system.
their country's education system.
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Svakoga se tiče obrazovni sistem
njegove zemlje.
njegove zemlje.
19:29
No one thinks that
we've caught up yet to a world
we've caught up yet to a world
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Niko ne veruje da smo već
toliko obuzeti svetom
toliko obuzeti svetom
19:31
where there's Google and all these
technological options.
technological options.
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u kojem postoji Gugl i sve te
tehnološke mogućnosti.
tehnološke mogućnosti.
19:34
So you've got actual evidence now that
the kids so far going through your system,
the kids so far going through your system,
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Vi imate činjenične dokaze da deca
koja do sada prolaze kroz vaš sistem
koja do sada prolaze kroz vaš sistem
19:38
there's a dramatic increase
in performance.
in performance.
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pružaju dramatično bolje rezultate.
19:41
How do we help you move
these ideas forward?
these ideas forward?
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Kako da vam pomognemo
da progurate svoje ideje?
da progurate svoje ideje?
19:43
RS: I think it's that problem
of ideas whose time has come.
of ideas whose time has come.
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RS: Mislim da je u pitanju problem
ideja čije je vreme došlo.
ideja čije je vreme došlo.
19:48
And I've never been very evangelical
about these things.
about these things.
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I nisam nikada bio
za njihovo propovedanje.
za njihovo propovedanje.
19:52
We put it out there.
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Mi ih iznosimo.
19:53
Suddenly, you find people --
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Iznenada, nailazite na ljude -
19:55
there's a group in Japan,
which scares me very much,
which scares me very much,
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u Japanu postoji grupa, što me jako plaši,
19:57
which is called the Semlerists,
and they have 120 companies.
and they have 120 companies.
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oni se zovu Semleristi, i imaju
oko 120 preduzeća.
oko 120 preduzeća.
20:00
They've invited me.
I've always been scared to go.
I've always been scared to go.
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Pozvali su me, ali sam se uvek
bojao da odem.
bojao da odem.
20:05
And there is a group in Holland
that has 600 small, Dutch companies.
that has 600 small, Dutch companies.
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I u Holandiji postoji grupa koju čini
600 malih holandskih preduzeća.
600 malih holandskih preduzeća.
20:10
It's something that
will flourish on its own.
will flourish on its own.
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To je nešto što će samo da cveta.
20:13
Part of it will be wrong,
and it doesn't matter.
and it doesn't matter.
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Nešto od toga će biti pogrešno,
ali to nije važno.
ali to nije važno.
20:15
This will find its own place.
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Ono će samo pronaći svoje mesto.
20:17
And I'm afraid
of the other one, which says,
of the other one, which says,
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Ja se bojim onog drugog, koji kaže:
20:20
this is so good you've got to do this.
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to je tako dobro, morate tako da radite.
20:22
Let's set up a system
and put lots of money into it
and put lots of money into it
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Hajde da napravimo sistem i u njega
uložimo mnogo novca
uložimo mnogo novca
20:24
and then people will do it no matter what.
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i onda će ljudi tako raditi po svaku cenu.
20:27
CA: So you have asked
extraordinary questions your whole life.
extraordinary questions your whole life.
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KA: Vi ste dakle čitavog života
postavljali neobična pitanja.
postavljali neobična pitanja.
20:30
It seems to me that's the fuel
that's driven a lot of this.
that's driven a lot of this.
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Čini mi se da je to vaša pokretačka snaga.
20:33
Do you have any other questions for us,
for TED, for this group here?
for TED, for this group here?
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Da li za nas, za TED, za ovu grupu ovde
imate neka druga pitanja?
imate neka druga pitanja?
20:39
RS: I always come back
to variations of the question
to variations of the question
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RS: Ja se uvek iznova vraćam na neku
varijaciju pitanja
varijaciju pitanja
20:43
that my son asked me when he was three.
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koje mi je postavio sin
kada je imao tri godine.
kada je imao tri godine.
20:47
We were sitting in a jacuzzi,
and he said, "Dad, why do we exist?"
and he said, "Dad, why do we exist?"
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Sedeli smo u đakuziju i rekao je:
"Tata, zašto postojimo?"
"Tata, zašto postojimo?"
20:51
There is no other question.
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Nema drugog pitanja.
20:52
Nobody has any other question.
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Niko nema drugo pitanje.
20:54
We have variations of this one question,
from three onwards.
from three onwards.
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Imamo varijacije ovog pitanja,
od treće godine nadalje.
od treće godine nadalje.
20:58
So when you spend time in a company,
in a bureaucracy, in an organization
in a bureaucracy, in an organization
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I kada provedete vreme u preduzeću,
birokratiji, u organizaciji
birokratiji, u organizaciji
21:03
and you're saying, boy --
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i kažete, čoveče -
21:05
how many people do you know
who on their death beds said,
who on their death beds said,
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koliko ljudi poznajete koji su
na samrtnoj postelji rekli:
na samrtnoj postelji rekli:
21:07
boy, I wish I had spent
more time at the office?
more time at the office?
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1255859
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"Čoveče, žao mi je što više vremena
nisam proveo u kancelariji?"
nisam proveo u kancelariji?"
21:10
So there's a whole thing
of having the courage now --
of having the courage now --
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Dakle suština je imati hrabrosti sada,
21:15
not in a week, not in two months,
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ne kroz nedelju dana, ne za dva meseca,
21:17
not when you find out
you have something --
you have something --
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ne kada otkrijete da ste oboleli,
21:19
to say, no, what am I doing this for?
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reći: ne, zašto ja ovo radim?
21:22
Stop everything. Let me do something else.
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Zaustavite sve.
Dajte da radim nešto drugo.
Dajte da radim nešto drugo.
21:24
And it will be okay,
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I biće dobro,
21:26
it will be much better
than what you're doing,
than what you're doing,
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biće mnogo bolje
od onoga što sada radite,
od onoga što sada radite,
21:28
if you're stuck in a process.
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ukoliko ste to radeći zapeli.
21:31
CA: So that strikes me as a profound
and quite beautiful way to end
and quite beautiful way to end
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KA: Mislim da je ovo mudar i lep način
21:34
this penultimate day of TED.
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da završimo ovaj pretposlednji TED dan.
21:36
Ricardo Semler, thank you so much.
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Rikardo Semleru, puno vam hvala.
21:37
RS: Thank you so much.
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RS: Hvala vama.
21:39
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ricardo Semler - Organizational changemakerTwo decades after transforming a struggling equipment supplier into a radically democratic and resilient (and successful) company, Ricardo Semler wants organizations to become wise.
Why you should listen
After assuming control of Semler & Company (Semco) from his father in 1980, Brazil's Ricardo Semler began a decades-long quest to create an organization that could function without him, by studying and then implementing what could best be called "corporate democracy", allowing employees to design their own jobs, select their supervisors, and define pay levels. He has then applied the same principles to education, banking and hospitality. All with very good results.
He's now promoting the idea of designing organizations -- companies, schools, NGOs -- for wisdom. With a question as a starting point: If we were to start from scratch, would we design organization X the way we have done it?
More profile about the speakerHe's now promoting the idea of designing organizations -- companies, schools, NGOs -- for wisdom. With a question as a starting point: If we were to start from scratch, would we design organization X the way we have done it?
Ricardo Semler | Speaker | TED.com