ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Jonathan Haidt - Social psychologist
Jonathan Haidt studies how -- and why -- we evolved to be moral and political creatures.

Why you should listen

By understanding more about our moral psychology and its biases, Jonathan Haidt says we can design better institutions (including companies, universities and democracy itself), and we can learn to be more civil and open-minded toward those who are not on our team.

Haidt is a social psychologist whose research on morality across cultures led to his 2008 TED Talk on the psychological roots of the American culture war, and his 2013 TED Talk on how "common threats can make common ground." In both of those talks he asks, "Can't we all disagree more constructively?" Haidt's 2012 TED Talk explored the intersection of his work on morality with his work on happiness to talk about "hive psychology" -- the ability that humans have to lose themselves in groups pursuing larger projects, almost like bees in a hive. This hivish ability is crucial, he argues, for understanding the origins of morality, politics, and religion. These are ideas that Haidt develops at greater length in his book, The Righteous Mind: Why Good People are Divided by Politics and Religion.

Haidt joined New York University Stern School of Business in July 2011. He is the Thomas Cooley Professor of Ethical Leadership, based in the Business and Society Program. Before coming to Stern, Professor Haidt taught for 16 years at the University of Virginia in the department of psychology.

Haidt's writings appear frequently in the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. He was named one of the top global thinkers by Foreign Policy magazine and by Prospect magazine. Haidt received a B.A. in Philosophy from Yale University, and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Pennsylvania.

More profile about the speaker
Jonathan Haidt | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
TEDNYC

Jonathan Haidt: Can a divided America heal?

Džonatan Hajt (Jonathan Haidt): Da li se podeljena Amerika može zalečiti?

Filmed:
2,005,570 views

Kako SAD može da se oporavi posle negativnih, poborničkih predsedničkih izbora 2016. godine? Socijalni psiholog Džonatan Hajt proučava moral koji sačinjava osnovu naših političkih odabira. U razgovoru sa urednikom TED-a, Krisom Andersonom, on opisuje obrasce razmišljanja i istorijske uzroke koji su doveli do toliko oštrih podela u Americi i daje viziju kako zemlja može da krene napred.
- Social psychologist
Jonathan Haidt studies how -- and why -- we evolved to be moral and political creatures. Full bio - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

Kris Anderson: Dakle, Džone,
ovo deluje zastrašujuće.
00:12
ChrisKris AndersonAnderson: So, JonJon, this feelsосећа scaryстрашно.
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00:15
JonathanJonathan HaidtHaidt: Yeah.
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Džonatan Hajt: Da.
KA: Čini se kao da se svet
nalazi u situaciji
00:16
CACA: It feelsосећа like the worldсвет is in a placeместо
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kakvu dugo nismo videli.
00:18
that we haven'tније seenвиђено for a long time.
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00:20
People don't just disagreeне слазем се
in the way that we're familiarпознат with,
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Ljudi se međusobno ne slažu
ne samo na načine koji su nam poznati,
u pogledu političke podele
na levicu i desnicu.
00:24
on the left-rightlevo-desno politicalполитички divideподела.
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00:26
There are much deeperдубље differencesРазлике afootsprema.
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Dešavaju se mnogo dublje razlike.
00:29
What on earthземља is going on,
and how did we get here?
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Šta se, pobogu, dešava
i kako smo dospeli ovde?
00:33
JHJH: This is differentразличит.
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DžH: Ovo je drugačije.
00:36
There's a much more
apocalypticапокалиптично sortврста of feelingОсећај.
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Postoji neka vrsta osećaja
koja je mnogo više apokaliptična.
Anketa koju je sproveo
centar za istraživanje Pju pokazuje
00:39
SurveyIstraživanje researchистраживање by PewPju ResearchIstraživanje showsпоказује
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00:41
that the degreeстепен to whichкоја we feel
that the other sideстрана is not just --
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da je stepen u kome smatramo
da druga strana nije samo -
00:45
we don't just dislikeNe volim them;
we stronglyснажно dislikeNe volim them,
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ne samo da nam se ne dopadaju,
žestoko nam se ne dopadaju,
00:48
and we think that they are
a threatпретња to the nationнација.
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i mislimo da predstavljaju
opasnost za naciju.
Ti brojevi su se sve više povećavali
00:51
Those numbersбројеви have been going up and up,
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i sada su preko 50 posto na obe strane.
00:53
and those are over 50 percentпроценат
now on bothи једно и друго sidesстране.
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Ljudi su uplašeni jer se čini
da je drugačije nego pre;
00:56
People are scaredуплашен,
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00:57
because it feelsосећа like this is differentразличит
than before; it's much more intenseинтензивно.
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mnogo je intenzivnije.
Kad god sagledavam
bilo koju vrstu društvene zagonetke,
01:01
WheneverKad god I look
at any sortврста of socialсоцијално puzzleпуззле,
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uvek primenjujem tri osnovna principa
moralne psihologije,
01:04
I always applyприменити the threeтри basicосновно
principlesпринципе of moralморално psychologypsihologija,
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i mislim da će nam oni ovde pomoći.
01:07
and I think they'llони ће help us here.
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01:09
So the first thing that you
have to always keep in mindум
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Prva stvar koju uvek morate
da imate na umu
kada razmišljate o politici
01:11
when you're thinkingразмишљање about politicsполитика
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jeste da smo plemenske prirode.
01:13
is that we're tribalплеменски.
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01:15
We evolvedеволуирао for tribalismsu plemenski.
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Razvili smo se za tribalizam.
01:16
One of the simplestнајједноставније and greatestнајвећи
insightsувиде into humanљудско socialсоцијално natureприрода
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Jedan od najjednostavnijih
i najboljih uvida
u društvenu prirodu ljudi
je beduinska izreka:
01:19
is the BedouinBeduina proverbposlovica:
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01:20
"Me againstпротив my brotherбрате;
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„Ja protiv svog brata;
01:22
me and my brotherбрате againstпротив our cousinрођак;
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ja i moj brat protiv našeg rođaka;
01:24
me and my brotherбрате and cousinsрођаци
againstпротив the strangerстранац."
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ja, moj brat i rođaci protiv neznanca.“
01:26
And that tribalismsu plemenski allowedдозвољен us
to createстворити largeвелики societiesдруштва
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To plemenstvo nam je omogućilo
da stvorimo velika društva
01:31
and to come togetherзаједно
in orderнаручи to competeтакмичити се with othersдруги.
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i da se udružimo
da bismo se nadmetali sa drugima.
01:34
That broughtдоведен us out of the jungleџунгла
and out of smallмали groupsгрупе,
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To nas je izvelo iz džungle
i iz malih grupa,
01:38
but it meansзначи that we have
eternalveиni conflictконфликт.
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ali to znači da imamo večni konflikt.
Pitanje koje treba da posmatrate je
01:40
The questionпитање you have to look at is:
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koji aspekti našeg društva to zaoštravaju,
01:42
What aspectsаспекти of our societyдруштво
are makingстварање that more bitterгорко,
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01:44
and what are calmingsmirivanje them down?
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a koji smiruju.
01:46
CACA: That's a very darkтамно proverbposlovica.
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KA: To je vrlo mračna izreka.
Hoćeš da kažeš da je to zapravo urezano
u mentalnu strukturu većine ljudi
01:47
You're sayingговорећи that that's actuallyзаправо
bakedпечен into mostнајвише people'sљуди mentalментални wiringelektrika
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u izvesnoj meri?
01:52
at some levelниво?
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DžH: O, apsolutno. To je osnovni aspekt
ljudske društvene kognicije.
01:53
JHJH: Oh, absolutelyапсолутно. This is just
a basicосновно aspectаспект of humanљудско socialсоцијално cognitionкогниција.
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No, takođe možemo živeti
zajedno i zaista mirno,
01:57
But we can alsoтакође liveживи togetherзаједно
really peacefullyмирно,
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01:59
and we'veми смо inventedизмишљен all kindsврсте
of funзабавно waysначини of, like, playingиграње warрат.
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i osmislili smo razne zabavne načine
kao da se igramo rata.
Mislim, sport, politika -
02:02
I mean, sportsспорт, politicsполитика --
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sve su to načini na koje možemo
da izrazimo tu plemensku prirodu
02:04
these are all waysначини that we get
to exerciseвежбање this tribalплеменски natureприрода
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a da zapravo nikoga ne povredimo.
02:08
withoutбез actuallyзаправо hurtingboli anyoneбило ко.
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Takođe smo zaista dobri u trgovini,
istraživanju i upoznavanju novih ljudi.
02:09
We're alsoтакође really good at tradeтрговина
and explorationистраживање and meetingсастанак newново people.
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Tako da treba da vidite naš tribalizam
kao nešto što ide nabolje ili nagore -
02:14
So you have to see our tribalismsu plemenski
as something that goesиде up or down --
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02:17
it's not like we're doomedосуђена
to always be fightingборбе eachсваки other,
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ne može se reći da smo osuđeni
da se uvek međusobno borimo,
02:20
but we'llдобро never have worldсвет peaceмир.
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ali nikada nećemo imati mir u svetu.
02:22
CACA: The sizeвеличине of that tribeплеме
can shrinkскупља or expandпроширити.
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KA: Veličina tog plemena
može da se smanjuje ili povećava.
DžH: Baš tako.
02:26
JHJH: Right.
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02:27
CACA: The sizeвеличине of what we considerразмотрити "us"
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KA: Veličina onoga što smatramo „nama“
02:29
and what we considerразмотрити "other" or "them"
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i onoga što smatramo „drugima“ ili „njima“
02:31
can changeпромена.
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može se promeniti.
02:34
And some people believedверовали that processпроцес
could continueНастави indefinitelyна неодређено време.
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Neki ljudi su smatrali da se taj proces
može odvijati unedogled.
02:40
JHJH: That's right.
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DžH: Tako je.
02:41
CACA: And we were indeedзаиста expandingширење
the senseсмисао of tribeплеме for a while.
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KA: A mi smo zaista uvećavali
taj osećaj plemena neko vreme.
DžH: Ovo je, ja mislim,
ono šta podrazumevamo
02:44
JHJH: So this is, I think,
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02:45
where we're gettingдобијања at what's possiblyмогуће
the newново left-rightlevo-desno distinctionразликовање.
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pod mogućom novom razlikom
između levice i desnice.
Mislim, podela na levo i desno
kakvu smo je svi mi nasledili
02:49
I mean, the left-rightlevo-desno
as we'veми смо all inheritedнаслеђени it,
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02:51
comesдолази out of the laborрад
versusнаспрам capitalглавни град distinctionразликовање,
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proističe iz razlike
rada naspram kapitala,
02:54
and the workingрад classкласа, and MarxMarks.
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radničke klase i Marksa.
02:56
But I think what we're seeingвиди
now, increasinglyсве више,
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Međutim, mislim da sada sve više vidimo
02:59
is a divideподела in all the WesternZapadni democraciesdemokratijama
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podelu u celokupnoj zapadnoj demokratiji
03:01
betweenизмеђу the people
who want to stop at nationнација,
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između ljudi koji žele
da se zaustave na naciji,
ljudi koji su više parohijalni -
03:05
the people who are more parochialпароцхиал --
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a to ne mislim na loš način -
03:07
and I don't mean that in a badлоше way --
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ljudi koji imaju
mnogo jači osećaj ukorenjenosti,
03:09
people who have much more
of a senseсмисао of beingбиће rootedукорењен,
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03:12
they careнега about theirњихова townГрад,
theirњихова communityзаједница and theirњихова nationнација.
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stalo im je do svog grada,
zajednice i nacije.
03:15
And then those who are
anti-parochialanti-parohijski and who --
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Zatim su tu oni
koji su antiparohijalni i koji -
03:19
wheneverбило кад I get confusedзбуњено, I just think
of the JohnJohn LennonLennon songпесма "ImagineZamislite."
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kad god se zbunim, samo pomislim
na pesmu Džona Lenona „Zamisli“.
„Zamisli da nema država,
ničeg za šta treba ubiti ili umreti.“
03:23
"ImagineZamislite there's no countriesземље,
nothing to killубиј or dieумрети for."
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Dakle, to su ljudi koji žele
više globalnog upravljanja,
03:26
And so these are the people
who want more globalглобално governanceуправљање,
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03:29
they don't like nationнација statesдржаве,
they don't like bordersгранице.
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koji ne vole nacionalne države
i ne vole granice.
03:32
You see this all over EuropeEurope as well.
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To, takođe, vidite širom Evrope.
Postoji jedan sjajan metaforični tip -
zapravo, njegovo ime je Šekspir -
03:33
There's a great metaphorметафора guy --
actuallyзаправо, his nameиме is ShakespeareShakespeare --
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koji je pisao u Britaniji
pre deset godina.
03:37
writingписање tenдесет yearsгодине agoпре in BritainVelika Britanija.
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03:38
He had a metaphorметафора:
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Imao je metaforu
03:39
"Are we drawbridge-uppersPokretni most za obnovu
or drawbridge-downersPokretni most-barbiturata?"
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„Da li smo oni koji podižu pokretni most
ili oni koji ga spuštaju?“
03:43
And BritainVelika Britanija is dividedподељено
52-48 on that pointтачка.
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Britanija je podeljena
52:48 u vezi sa tom temom.
03:46
And AmericaAmerika is dividedподељено on that pointтачка, too.
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Amerika je takođe podeljena
u vezi sa time.
03:49
CACA: And so, those of us
who grewрастао up with The BeatlesBeatlese
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KA: Oni među nama
koji su odrasli uz Bitlse
03:52
and that sortврста of hippieхипи philosophyфилозофија
of dreamingсања of a more connectedповезан worldсвет --
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i takvu vrstu filozofije hipika
maštanja o povezanijem svetu -
to se činilo tako idealističko
i „kako neko može da pomisli loše o tome?“
03:56
it feltосетио so idealisticidealistički and "how could
anyoneбило ко think badlyлоше about that?"
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04:00
And what you're sayingговорећи is that, actuallyзаправо,
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A ti govoriš, zapravo,
da milioni ljudi danas smatraju
da je to ne samo blesavo,
04:02
millionsмилиони of people todayданас
feel that that isn't just sillyглупо;
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04:07
it's actuallyзаправо dangerousопасно and wrongпогрешно,
and they're scaredуплашен of it.
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već je zapravo opasno i pogrešno,
i plaše se toga.
DžH: Mislim da je veliki problem,
pogotovo u Evropi ali i ovde,
04:09
JHJH: I think the bigвелики issueпитање, especiallyпосебно
in EuropeEurope but alsoтакође here,
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pitanje imigracije.
04:13
is the issueпитање of immigrationimigracije.
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Mislim da ovde moramo
da vrlo pažljivo pogledamo
04:14
And I think this is where
we have to look very carefullyпажљиво
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04:17
at the socialсоцијално scienceНаука
about diversityразноликост and immigrationimigracije.
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društvene nauke
o raznolikosti i imigraciji.
Kada nešto postane politizovano,
04:21
OnceJednom something becomesпостаје politicizedispolitizovan,
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kada postane nešto
što levica voli, a desnica -
04:22
onceједном it becomesпостаје something
that the left lovesволи and the right --
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onda čak ni društveni naučnici
ne mogu ispravno da razmišljaju o tome.
04:25
then even the socialсоцијално scientistsнаучници
can't think straightравно about it.
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E, sad, raznolikost je dobra
na mnogo načina.
04:29
Now, diversityразноликост is good in a lot of waysначини.
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04:31
It clearlyјасно createsствара more innovationиновације.
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Jasno je da stvara više inovacija.
04:33
The AmericanAmerikanac economyекономија
has grownодрастао enormouslyенормно from it.
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Američka ekonomija
se neverovatno razvila usled nje.
04:35
DiversityRaznolikost and immigrationimigracije
do a lot of good things.
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Raznolikost i imigracija
čine mnogo dobrih stvari.
04:38
But what the globalistsporedak,
I think, don't see,
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Međutim, ono što globalisti,
po meni, ne vide -
04:40
what they don't want to see,
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ono što ne žele da vide -
04:42
is that ethnicетнички diversityразноликост
cutsрезања socialсоцијално capitalглавни град and trustповерење.
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je da etnička raznolikost
narušava društveni kapital i poverenje.
04:48
There's a very importantважно
studyстудија by RobertRobert PutnamPutnam,
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Postoji veoma važna studija
Roberta Patnama,
04:51
the authorаутор of "BowlingKuglanje AloneSama,"
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autora „Kuglanja sa samim sobom“,
koja sagledava baze podataka
društvenog kapitala.
04:52
looking at socialсоцијално capitalглавни град databasesbaza podataka.
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04:54
And basicallyу основи, the more people
feel that they are the sameисти,
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U suštini, što više ljudi
smatra da su isti,
04:57
the more they trustповерење eachсваки other,
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više veruju jedni drugima,
više mogu da imaju
državu blagostanja preraspodeljenosti.
04:59
the more they can have
a redistributionistredistributionist welfareблагостање stateдржава.
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Skandinavske zemlje su tako divne
05:02
ScandinavianSkandinavska countriesземље are so wonderfulДивно
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jer imaju tu tradiciju malih,
homogenih država.
05:04
because they have this legacyнаслеђе
of beingбиће smallмали, homogenoushomogena countriesземље.
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05:07
And that leadsводи to
a progressiveпрогресивно welfareблагостање stateдржава,
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To dovodi do napredne države blagostanja,
05:11
a setкомплет of progressiveпрогресивно
left-leaningkoja naginje levici valuesвредности, whichкоја saysкаже,
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skupa naprednih vrednosti
usmerenih ulevo, koje kažu:
05:14
"DrawbridgePokretni most down!
The worldсвет is a great placeместо.
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„Spuštajte most! Svet je sjajno mesto.
05:17
People in SyriaSirija are sufferingпатња --
we mustмора welcomeДобродошли them in."
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Ljudi u Siriji pate -
moramo im pružiti dobrodošlicu.“
05:20
And it's a beautifulЛепа thing.
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To je prelepo.
05:21
But if, and I was in SwedenŠvedska
this summerлето,
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Međutim, ako -
a bio sam u Švedskoj letos -
05:24
if the discourseдискурс in SwedenŠvedska
is fairlyпоштено politicallyполитички correctтачно
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ako je diskurs u Švedskoj
prilično politički korektan
05:27
and they can't talk about the downsidesslabije strane,
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i ne mogu da pričaju o lošim stranama,
05:30
you endкрај up bringingдоносећи a lot of people in.
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na kraju dovedete mnogo ljudi.
To će narušiti društveni kapital,
05:32
That's going to cutрез socialсоцијално capitalглавни град,
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to otežava održavanje države blagostanja
05:33
it makesчини it hardтешко to have a welfareблагостање stateдржава
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i mogli bi da završe,
kao što to imamo u Americi,
05:35
and they mightМожда endкрај up,
as we have in AmericaAmerika,
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05:38
with a raciallyrasno dividedподељено, visiblyvidno
raciallyrasno dividedподељено, societyдруштво.
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sa rasno podeljenim,
vidno rasno podeljenim društvom.
05:41
So this is all very
uncomfortableнеудобан to talk about.
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O svemu ovome je vrlo neugodno govoriti.
Ipak, mislim da je to,
naročito u Evropi kao i za nas,
05:44
But I think this is the thing,
especiallyпосебно in EuropeEurope and for us, too,
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ono što treba da sagledavamo.
05:47
we need to be looking at.
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KA: Kažeš da razumni ljudi,
05:48
CACA: You're sayingговорећи that people of reasonразлог,
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ljudi koji sebe ne bi smatrali rasistima,
05:50
people who would considerразмотрити
themselvesсами not racistsrasisti,
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05:53
but moralморално, upstandinguzoran people,
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već moralnim, uzornim ljudima,
imaju obrazloženje koje tvrdi
da su ljudi jednostavno previše različiti;
05:55
have a rationaleОбразложење that saysкаже
humansљуди are just too differentразличит;
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05:58
that we're in dangerопасност of overloadingpreopterećenja
our senseсмисао of what humansљуди are capableспособан of,
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da smo u opasnosti da preopteretimo
naš osećaj za ono što su ljudi sposobni
06:03
by mixingмешање in people who are too differentразличит.
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mešanjem ljudi koji su previše različiti.
06:06
JHJH: Yes, but I can make it
much more palatableокусно
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DžH: Da, ali mogu
to da učinim prihvatljivijim
06:09
by sayingговорећи it's not necessarilyнужно about raceтрка.
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time što ću reći da se ne mora
nužno raditi o rasi.
06:12
It's about cultureкултура.
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Radi se o kulturi.
06:14
There's wonderfulДивно work by a politicalполитички
scientistнаучник namedназван KarenKaren StennerStener,
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Postoji sjajno delo politikološkinje
po imenu Karen Stener koja pokazuje da,
06:18
who showsпоказује that when people have a senseсмисао
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kada ljudi imaju utisak
da smo svi udruženi, da smo svi isti,
06:21
that we are all unitedуједињени,
we're all the sameисти,
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06:23
there are manyмноги people who have
a predispositionpredispozicija to authoritarianismu osnovi velikog.
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postoji mnogo ljudi koji imaju
predispoziciju ka autoritarizmu.
06:27
Those people aren'tнису particularlyпосебно racistрасистички
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Ti ljudi nisu osobito rasisti
06:29
when they feel as throughкроз
there's not a threatпретња
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kada ne osećaju da postoji pretnja
našem društvenom i moralnom poretku.
06:31
to our socialсоцијално and moralморално orderнаручи.
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Međutim, ako ih u eksperimentu navedete
da pomisle da se razdvajamo,
06:33
But if you primeглавни them experimentallyeksperimentalno
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06:35
by thinkingразмишљање we're comingдолазе apartодвојено,
people are gettingдобијања more differentразличит,
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da ljudi postaju drugačiji,
onda oni u većoj meri postaju rasistički,
homofobno nastrojeni,
06:38
then they get more racistрасистички, homophobichomofob,
they want to kickударац out the deviantsdevijantne liиnosti.
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žele da izbace devijantne.
06:41
So it's in partдео that you get
an authoritarianAutoriteti reactionреакција.
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Stoga jednim delom dobijate
autoritarnu reakciju.
06:44
The left, followingследећи throughкроз
the LennonistLennonist lineлине --
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Levica, sledeći Lenonovski put -
06:47
the JohnJohn LennonLennon lineлине --
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put Džona Lenona -
06:48
does things that createстворити
an authoritarianAutoriteti reactionреакција.
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čini stvari koje proizvode
autoritarnu reakciju.
Zasigurno to vidimo u Americi
sa alternativnom desnicom.
06:50
We're certainlyсигурно seeingвиди that
in AmericaAmerika with the alt-rightALT-desno.
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To smo videli u Britaniji,
videli smo to širom Evrope.
06:53
We saw it in BritainVelika Britanija,
we'veми смо seenвиђено it all over EuropeEurope.
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06:56
But the more positiveпозитивно partдео of that
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Ipak, pozitivniji deo toga
06:58
is that I think the localistslocalists,
or the nationalistsnacionalisti, are actuallyзаправо right --
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je to što smatram da su lokalisti,
ili nacionalisti, zapravo u pravu -
07:03
that, if you emphasizeнагласити
our culturalкултурно similaritysličnosti,
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da, ako naglasite
našu kulturološku sličnost,
07:07
then raceтрка doesn't actuallyзаправо
matterматерија very much.
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onda rasa zapravo nije mnogo bitna.
07:09
So an assimilationistasimilativna
approachприступ to immigrationimigracije
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Stoga asimilacioni pristup imigraciji
otklanja mnogo ovih problema.
07:12
removesUklanja a lot of these problemsпроблеми.
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A ako vrednujete posedovanje
darežljive države blagostanja,
07:13
And if you valueвредност havingимати
a generousвеликодушан welfareблагостање stateдржава,
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07:16
you've got to emphasizeнагласити
that we're all the sameисти.
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morate naglasiti da smo svi mi isti.
07:18
CACA: OK, so risingу порасту immigrationimigracije
and fearsстрахови about that
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KA: U redu, dakle, porast imigracije
i strahovi u vezi sa tim
07:21
are one of the causesузроке
of the currentТренутни divideподела.
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su jedan od uzroka trenutne podeljenosti.
07:25
What are other causesузроке?
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Koji su drugi razlozi?
07:26
JHJH: The nextследећи principleпринцип of moralморално psychologypsihologija
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DžH: Sledeći princip moralne psihologije
07:28
is that intuitionsинтуиције come first,
strategicстратешки reasoningрасуђивање secondдруго.
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je da je intuicija na prvom mestu,
a strateško rezonovanje na drugom.
07:32
You've probablyвероватно heardслушао
the termтермина "motivatedmotivisani reasoningрасуђивање"
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Verovatno ste čuli za termin
„motivisano rezonovanje“
07:35
or "confirmationпотврда biasсклоност."
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ili „pristrasnost potvrđivanja“.
07:36
There's some really interestingзанимљиво work
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Postoje veoma zanimljivi radovi
07:38
on how our highвисоко intelligenceинтелигенција
and our verbalвербал abilitiessposobnosti
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o tome kako su naša visoka inteligencija
i verbalne sposobnosti
07:41
mightМожда have evolvedеволуирао
not to help us find out the truthистина,
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možda evoluirale ne da bi nam pomogle
da otkrijemo istinu,
već da bi nam pomogli
da manipulišemo jedni drugima,
07:45
but to help us manipulateманипулирати eachсваки other,
defendбранити our reputationрепутацију ...
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da branimo svoju reputaciju...
07:48
We're really, really good
at justifyingopravdavanju ourselvesсами.
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Zaista nam dobro ide
opravdavanje samih sebe.
07:51
And when you bringдовести
groupгрупа interestsинтереса into accountрачун,
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A kada uzmete u obzir grupne interese,
tako da nisam samo ja u pitanju,
već je moj tim protiv tvog tima,
07:53
so it's not just me,
it's my teamтим versusнаспрам your teamтим,
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07:56
whereasдок if you're evaluatingprocenjivanja evidenceдоказ
that your sideстрана is wrongпогрешно,
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a ako procenjuješ dokaze
da tvoja strana greši,
07:59
we just can't acceptприхватити that.
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to prosto ne možemo da prihvatimo.
08:01
So this is why you can't winпобедити
a politicalполитички argumentрасправа.
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Zbog toga ne možete pobediti
u političkoj raspravi.
08:03
If you're debatingдебату something,
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Ako raspravljate o nečemu,
08:05
you can't persuadeубеђивати the personособа
with reasonsразлоге and evidenceдоказ,
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ne možete ubediti osobu
razlozima i dokazima,
08:08
because that's not
the way reasoningрасуђивање worksИзвођење радова.
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jer rezonovanje ne funkcioniše tako.
08:10
So now, give us the internetинтернет,
give us GoogleGoogle:
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Dajte nam sad internet, dajte nam Gugl:
08:14
"I heardслушао that BarackBarak ObamaObama
was bornрођен in KenyaKenija.
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„Čuo sam da je Barak Obama rođen u Keniji.
Daj da to izguglam. O, bože!
Deset miliona pogodaka! Vidi, istina je!“
08:17
Let me GoogleGoogle that -- oh my God!
10 millionмилиона hitsхитови! Look, he was!"
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08:21
CACA: So this has come as an unpleasantнепријатно
surpriseизненађење to a lot of people.
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KA: To je proizašlo
kao neprijatno iznenađenje za mnoge.
08:24
SocialSocijalne mediaмедији has oftenчесто been framedUramio
by techno-optimiststehno-optimisti
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Društvene mreže su tehnološki optimisti
često predstavljali
08:27
as this great connectingповезивање forceсила
that would bringдовести people togetherзаједно.
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kao veliku silu povezivanja
koja će udružiti ljude.
08:32
And there have been some
unexpectedнеочекивано counter-effectskontra-efekti to that.
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A došlo je do neočekivanih kontraefekata.
08:36
JHJH: That's right.
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DžH: Tako je.
Zato sam jako zaljubljen
u stanovišta jin-jang
08:38
That's why I'm very enamoredенаморед
of yin-yangJin i Jang viewsвиевс
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o ljudskoj prirodi i levice-desnice -
08:40
of humanљудско natureприрода and left-rightlevo-desno --
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da je svaka strana u pravu
u vezi sa određenim stvarima,
08:42
that eachсваки sideстрана is right
about certainизвестан things,
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08:44
but then it goesиде blindслеп to other things.
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ali zatim postaje slepa za druge stvari.
08:46
And so the left generallyобично believesверује
that humanљудско natureприрода is good:
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Tako levica obično veruje
da je ljudska priroda dobra -
08:49
bringдовести people togetherзаједно, knockKucaj down
the wallsзидови and all will be well.
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spojite ljude, srušite zidove
i sve će biti u redu.
Desnica - društveni konzervativci,
ne libertarijanci -
08:52
The right -- socialсоцијално conservativeskonzervativci,
not libertariansprogonom --
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društveni konzervativci generalno veruju
da ljudi mogu biti pohlepni,
08:55
socialсоцијално conservativeskonzervativci generallyобично
believe people can be greedypohlepni
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08:59
and sexualсексуално and selfishсебично,
195
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seksualni i sebični,
09:01
and we need regulationрегулација,
and we need restrictionsОграничења.
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da su nam potrebni propisi i ograničenja.
09:04
So, yeah, if you knockKucaj down all the wallsзидови,
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Dakle, da, ako srušite sve zidove,
09:06
allowдозволите people to communicateкомуницирајте
all over the worldсвет,
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dozvolite ljudima
da komuniciraju širom sveta,
dobijete mnogo pornografije
i mnogo rasizma.
09:08
you get a lot of pornporno and a lot of racismrasizam.
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KA: Pomozi nam da razumemo.
09:10
CACA: So help us understandРазумем.
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Ovi principi ljudske prirode
su oduvek bili uz nas.
09:12
These principlesпринципе of humanљудско natureприрода
have been with us foreverзаувек.
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09:18
What's changedпромењено that's deepenedprodubila
this feelingОсећај of divisionдивизија?
202
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Šta se promenilo što je produbilo
ovaj osećaj podele?
09:24
JHJH: You have to see sixшест to tenдесет
differentразличит threadsтеме all comingдолазе togetherзаједно.
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DžH: Morate da vidite
kako se šest do deset niti povezuju.
09:29
I'll just listлиста a coupleпар of them.
204
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Navešću samo par njih.
09:31
So in AmericaAmerika, one of the bigвелики --
actuallyзаправо, AmericaAmerika and EuropeEurope --
205
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4478
U Americi, jedna od velikih -
zapravo, u Americi i Evropi -
jedna od najvećih je Drugi svetski rat.
09:35
one of the biggestнајвеће onesоне is WorldSvet WarRat IIII.
206
563900
1913
Postoji zanimljivo istraživanje
Džoa Henrika i ostalih koje kaže da,
09:37
There's interestingзанимљиво researchистраживање
from JoeJoe HenrichHenrich and othersдруги
207
565837
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09:40
that saysкаже if your countryземљу was at warрат,
208
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ako je tvoja zemlja bila u ratu,
naročito kada si bio mlad,
09:42
especiallyпосебно when you were youngмлади,
209
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1557
a onda te testiramo 30 godina kasnije
kroz problem tragedije zajedničkih dobara
09:44
then we testтест you 30 yearsгодине laterкасније
in a commonsцоммонс dilemmaдилема
210
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3114
09:47
or a prisoner'sod zatvorenika dilemmaдилема,
211
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1329
ili dilemu zatvorenika,
09:49
you're more cooperativekooperativno.
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naklonjeniji si saradnji.
09:50
Because of our tribalплеменски natureприрода, if you're --
213
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2873
Usled naše plemenske prirode, ako si -
moji roditelji su bili tinejdžeri
za vreme Drugog svetskog rata
09:53
my parentsродитељи were teenagersТинејџери
duringу току WorldSvet WarRat IIII,
214
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2917
09:56
and they would go out
looking for scrapsMuki of aluminumалуминијум
215
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2561
i išli bi da tragaju
za komadićima aluminijuma
da bi pomogli u ratnim nastojanjima.
09:59
to help the warрат effortнапор.
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1189
10:00
I mean, everybodyсвима pulledвуче togetherзаједно.
217
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2178
Mislim, svi su sarađivali.
Tako, kada ovi ljudi nastave dalje,
10:02
And so then these people go on,
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1529
10:04
they riseпораст up throughкроз businessбизнис
and governmentвлада,
219
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2398
uzdignu se kroz posao i upravu
10:06
they take leadershipлидерство positionsпозиције.
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i zauzimaju vodeće položaje.
10:08
They're really good
at compromiseкомпромис and cooperationсарадња.
221
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Veoma im dobro ide
ostvarivanje kompromisa i saradnje.
10:11
They all retireпензионисати by the '90s.
222
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1935
Svi se penzionišu do '90-ih godina.
Tako nam ostaju predstavnici
bejbi bum generacije na kraju '90-ih.
10:13
So we're left with babyбеба boomersбоомери
by the endкрај of the '90s.
223
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10:17
And theirњихова youthмлади was spentпотрошено fightingборбе
eachсваки other withinу склопу eachсваки countryземљу,
224
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A njihova mladost je prošla
u međusobnim borbama unutar svake zemlje,
10:21
in 1968 and afterwardsпосле тога.
225
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1647
1968. godine i nakon toga.
10:22
The lossгубитак of the WorldSvet WarRat IIII generationгенерације,
"The GreatestNajveći GenerationGeneracija,"
226
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Gubitak generacije Drugog svetskog rata,
„najveće generacije“, ogroman je.
10:26
is hugeогромно.
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1284
10:28
So that's one.
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1175
To je jedna stvar.
10:30
AnotherDrugi, in AmericaAmerika,
is the purificationprečišćavanje of the two partiesстранке.
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3123
Druga stvar, u Americi
je prečišćavanje dve stranke.
10:33
There used to be liberalLiberalni RepublicansRepublikanci
and conservativeконзервативан DemocratsDemokrate.
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Ranije su bili liberalni republikanci
i konzervativne demokrate.
10:37
So AmericaAmerika had a mid-мид-20thтх centuryвек
that was really bipartisanдвогодишња.
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U Americi je tako sredina 20. veka
bila zapravo dvopartijska.
10:40
But because of a varietyсорта of factorsФактори
that startedпочела things movingкретање,
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Međutim, zbog mnoštva faktora
koji su pokrenuli stvari,
do '90-ih godina, imali smo pročišćenu
liberalnu i konzervativnu stranku.
10:44
by the 90's, we had a purifiedproиiљжen
liberalLiberalni partyжурка and conservativeконзервативан partyжурка.
233
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10:48
So now, the people in eitherили partyжурка
really are differentразличит,
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Tako su sada ljudi
u obe stranke zaista različiti
i zaista ne želimo
da se naša deca venčaju sa njima,
10:50
and we really don't want
our childrenдеца to marryоженити се them,
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što '60-ih godina
nije bilo naročito važno.
10:53
whichкоја, in the '60s,
didn't matterматерија very much.
236
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2068
10:55
So, the purificationprečišćavanje of the partiesстранке.
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Dakle, pročišćavanje stranaka.
10:57
ThirdTreći is the internetинтернет and, as I said,
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Treći je internet i, kao što sam rekao,
10:59
it's just the mostнајвише amazingНевероватно stimulantstimulans
for post-hocPost-hoc reasoningрасуђивање and demonizationdemonization.
239
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to je prosto najneverovatniji podsticaj
za naknadno rezonovanje i demonizaciju.
11:04
CACA: The toneтон of what's happeningдогађај
on the internetинтернет now is quiteприлично troublingзабрињавајуће.
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KA: Ton onoga što se danas dešava
na internetu prilično zabrinjava.
11:09
I just did a quickбрзо searchПретрага
on TwitterTwitter-a about the electionизбор
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Upravo sam na brzinu
obavio pretragu na Tviteru o izborima
11:12
and saw two tweetstvitova nextследећи to eachсваки other.
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i video dva tvita, jedan pored drugog.
11:15
One, againstпротив a pictureслика of racistрасистички graffitigrafiti:
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Jedan je pored slike rasističkog grafita:
11:20
"This is disgustingодвратан!
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„Ovo je odvratno!
11:21
UglinessOdvratnost in this countryземљу,
broughtдоведен to us by #TrumpTramp."
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Ružnoća u ovoj zemlji, priredio #Tramp.“
11:25
And then the nextследећи one is:
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Sledeći je:
11:27
"CrookedKrive HillaryHillary
dedicationпосвета pageстрана. DisgustingOdvratno!"
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„Prevarantska Hilarina
strana za posvete. Odvratno!“
11:31
So this ideaидеја of "disgustgađenje"
is troublingзабрињавајуће to me.
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Ova ideja „odvratnosti“ me zabrinjava.
11:35
Because you can have an argumentрасправа
or a disagreementneslaganje about something,
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Jer možete se raspravljati
ili se ne slagati u vezi sa nečim
11:38
you can get angryљут at someoneнеко.
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i možete se naljutiti na nekoga.
11:41
DisgustGađenje, I've heardслушао you say,
takes things to a much deeperдубље levelниво.
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Gađenje, kako sam čuo od tebe,
prenosi stvari na mnogo viši nivo.
11:44
JHJH: That's right. DisgustGađenje is differentразличит.
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1887
DžH: Tako je. Gađenje je drugačije.
11:46
AngerBes -- you know, I have kidsклинци.
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694622
1963
Bes - znate, ja imam decu.
11:48
They fightборба 10 timesпута a day,
254
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Oni se svađaju deset puta dnevno
11:50
and they love eachсваки other 30 timesпута a day.
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1967
i vole jedno drugog 30 puta dnevno.
11:52
You just go back and forthнапред:
you get angryљут, you're not angryљут;
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Samo idete tamo-amo:
ljuti ste, niste ljuti;
ljuti ste, niste ljuti.
11:55
you're angryљут, you're not angryљут.
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Međutim, gađenje je drugačije.
11:56
But disgustgađenje is differentразличит.
258
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11:58
DisgustGađenje paintsбоје the personособа
as subhumanсубхуман, monstrousMonstruozna,
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4473
Gađenje predstavlja drugu osobu
kao nedovoljno ljudsku, monstruoznu,
12:02
deformeddeformisan, morallyморално deformeddeformisan.
260
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nakaznu, moralno nakaznu.
12:04
DisgustGađenje is like indelibleneizbrisiv inkмастило.
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2424
Gađenje je poput neizbrisivog mastila.
12:07
There's researchистраживање from JohnJohn GottmanGottman
on maritalbračnih therapyтерапија.
262
715768
3515
Postoji istraživanje Džona Gotmana
o bračnoj terapiji.
12:11
If you look at the facesлица -- if one
of the coupleпар showsпоказује disgustgađenje or contemptprezir,
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5125
Ako pogledate lica - ako jedan par
pokazuje gađenje ili prezir,
12:16
that's a predictorpredznak that they're going
to get divorcedразведен soonускоро,
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to je pokazatelj da će se uskoro razvesti,
dok ako pokazuju bes, to ništa ne previđa,
12:19
whereasдок if they showсхов angerбес,
that doesn't predictпредвидети anything,
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jer ako dobro izlazite na kraj sa besom,
on je zapravo dobar.
12:22
because if you dealдоговор with angerбес well,
it actuallyзаправо is good.
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2709
Dakle, ovi izbori su drugačiji.
12:25
So this electionизбор is differentразличит.
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Lično Donald Tramp
dosta koristi reč „odvratno“.
12:26
DonaldDonald TrumpTramp personallyлично
usesкористи the wordреч "disgustgađenje" a lot.
268
734708
3654
On je veoma osetljiv na mikrobe,
tako da je gađenje zaista vrlo bitno -
12:30
He's very germ-sensitiveBacil osetljive,
so disgustgađenje does matterматерија a lot --
269
738386
2857
12:33
more for him, that's something
uniqueјединствен to him --
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741267
3910
dodatno za njega, to je nešto
što je osobeno za njega -
12:37
but as we demonizeblate eachсваки other more,
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2903
ali kako više demonizujemo jedni druge,
12:40
and again, throughкроз
the ManichaeanManichaean worldviewпоглед на свет,
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3409
a opet, kroz manihejsko gledište,
12:43
the ideaидеја that the worldсвет
is a battleбитка betweenизмеђу good and evilзло
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2730
ideju da je svet bitka između dobra i zla
dok se ovo pojačavalo,
12:46
as this has been rampingi ispust up,
274
754315
1347
više smo skloni ne samo da kažemo
da oni greše ili da nam se ne dopadaju,
12:47
we're more likelyвероватно not just to say
they're wrongпогрешно or I don't like them,
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755686
3326
već kažemo da su zli, satanistički,
12:51
but we say they're evilзло, they're satanicsatanske,
276
759036
2536
gadni, odvratni.
12:53
they're disgustingодвратан, they're revoltingреволтинг.
277
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1921
12:55
And then we want nothing to do with them.
278
763541
2866
I onda ne želimo ništa sa njima.
12:58
And that's why I think we're seeingвиди it,
for exampleпример, on campusкампус now.
279
766806
3487
Zato mislim da to danas vidimo
u studentskim domovima, na primer.
13:02
We're seeingвиди more the urgeнагон
to keep people off campusкампус,
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770317
2640
Vidimo veću potrebu
da se ljudi udalje iz domova,
13:04
silenceтишина them, keep them away.
281
772981
1945
da se ućutkaju, drže podalje.
Bojim se da će čitava
ova generacija mladih,
13:06
I'm afraidуплашен that this wholeцела
generationгенерације of youngмлади people,
282
774950
2595
ako njihovo upoznavanje sa politikom
obuhvata mnogo gađenja,
13:09
if theirњихова introductionувод to politicsполитика
involvesподразумева a lot of disgustgađenje,
283
777569
3793
13:13
they're not going to want to be involvedукључени
in politicsполитика as they get olderстарији.
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3705
neće hteti da se bave politikom
kada postanu stariji.
13:17
CACA: So how do we dealдоговор with that?
285
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1840
KA: Pa kako da se izborimo sa tim?
13:19
DisgustGađenje. How do you defusedeaktivira disgustgađenje?
286
787370
4480
Gađenje. Kako da umanjite gađenje?
13:24
JHJH: You can't do it with reasonsразлоге.
287
792874
1948
DžH: To ne možete razumom.
13:27
I think ...
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795312
1191
Ja mislim...
13:30
I studiedстудирала disgustgađenje for manyмноги yearsгодине,
and I think about emotionsемоције a lot.
289
798257
3217
Izučavao sam gađenje godinama
i mnogo razmišljam o emocijama.
13:33
And I think that the oppositeсупротно
of disgustgađenje is actuallyзаправо love.
290
801498
3525
Mislim da je suprotnost gađenju
zapravo ljubav.
13:37
Love is all about, like ...
291
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3091
Ljubav se odnosi na...
13:41
DisgustGađenje is closingзавршни off, bordersгранице.
292
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2571
Gađenje je zatvaranje granica.
13:43
Love is about dissolvingraspuštanju wallsзидови.
293
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2545
Ljubav predstavlja poništavanje zidova.
13:47
So personalлични relationshipsвезе, I think,
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Tako da su lični odnosi, po meni,
13:49
are probablyвероватно the mostнајвише
powerfulмоћан meansзначи we have.
295
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verovatno najmoćnije sredstvo koje imamo.
13:53
You can be disgustedodvratni by a groupгрупа of people,
296
821291
2697
Možete biti zgađeni nad grupom ljudi,
13:56
but then you meetсусрет a particularпосебно personособа
297
824012
1918
ali onda upoznate konkretnu osobu
13:57
and you genuinelyискрено discoverоткрити
that they're lovelyдивно.
298
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2776
i istinski saznate da je divna.
14:00
And then graduallyпостепено that chipsчипс away
or changesПромене your categoryкатегорија as well.
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828754
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To zatim postepeno naruši
ili promeni i vašu kategoriju.
14:06
The tragedyтрагедија is, AmericansAmerikanci used to be
much more mixedпомешан up in the theirњихова townsградови
300
834016
5977
Tragedija je u tome što su Amerikanci
nekada bili mnogo više pomešani
u svojim gradovima
14:12
by left-rightlevo-desno or politicsполитика.
301
840017
2134
u pogledu levice-desnice ili politike.
14:14
And now that it's becomeпостати
this great moralморално divideподела,
302
842175
2331
A danas je to postala
velika moralna podela;
postoji mnogo dokaza
da se selimo tako da budemo blizu ljudi
14:16
there's a lot of evidenceдоказ
that we're movingкретање to be nearблизу people
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844530
3143
koji su slični nama politički.
14:19
who are like us politicallyполитички.
304
847697
1512
Teže je naći nekog ko je na drugoj strani.
14:21
It's harderтеже to find somebodyнеко
who'sко је on the other sideстрана.
305
849233
2530
14:23
So they're over there, they're farдалеко away.
306
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2290
Dakle, oni su tamo, daleko su.
14:26
It's harderтеже to get to know them.
307
854101
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Teže je upoznati ih.
KA: Šta bi rekao nekome
ili šta bi rekao Amerikancima,
14:27
CACA: What would you say to someoneнеко
or say to AmericansAmerikanci,
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855695
4224
14:31
people generallyобично,
309
859943
1158
narodu uopšte,
14:33
about what we should understandРазумем
about eachсваки other
310
861125
2609
o tome šta treba da shvatimo
jedni o drugima
što bi nam moglo pomoći
da na minut promislimo
14:35
that mightМожда help us rethinkпоновно размислите for a minuteминута
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3475
14:39
this "disgustgađenje" instinctинстинкт?
312
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o ovom instinktu „gađenja“?
14:42
JHJH: Yes.
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DžH: Da.
14:43
A really importantважно
thing to keep in mindум --
314
871262
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Veoma bitna stvar
koju treba imati na umu -
14:45
there's researchистраживање by politicalполитички
scientistнаучник AlanAlan AbramowitzAbramovic,
315
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4716
postoji istraživanje
politikologa Alana Abramovica
14:50
showingпоказивање that AmericanAmerikanac democracyдемократија
is increasinglyсве више governedуправља
316
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koje pokazuje da američkom demokratijom
u sve većoj meri upravlja
14:54
by what's calledпозвани "negativeнегативно partisanshipPartnerstvo."
317
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ono što se naziva
„negativno pristalištvo“.
14:56
That meansзначи you think,
OK there's a candidatekandidat,
318
884875
3111
To znači da ti misliš da,
u redu, postoji kandidat,
15:00
you like the candidatekandidat,
you voteгласати for the candidatekandidat.
319
888010
2406
dopada ti se kandidat,
glasaš za kandidata.
Međutim, sa porastom
negativnog reklamiranja,
15:02
But with the riseпораст of negativeнегативно advertisingоглашавање
320
890440
2059
društvenih medija
i raznoraznih novih trendova,
15:04
and socialсоцијално mediaмедији
and all sortsсортс of other trendsтрендови,
321
892523
2224
15:06
increasinglyсве више, the way electionsizbori are doneГотово
322
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2041
izbori se sve više sprovode na taj način
15:08
is that eachсваки sideстрана triesпокушава to make
the other sideстрана so horribleужасно, so awfulгрозно,
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3981
što svaka strana pokušava da učini
drugu stranu toliko groznom, tako užasnom,
da se podrazumeva
da ćeš glasati za mog čoveka.
15:12
that you'llти ћеш voteгласати for my guy by defaultpodrazumevani.
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2041
15:15
And so as we more and more voteгласати
againstпротив the other sideстрана
325
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2970
Tako, dok sve više glasamo
protiv druge strane
15:18
and not for our sideстрана,
326
906313
1331
a ne za svoju stranu,
15:19
you have to keep in mindум
that if people are on the left,
327
907668
5507
morate imati na umu da,
ako su ljudi na levoj strani,
15:25
they think, "Well, I used to think
that RepublicansRepublikanci were badлоше,
328
913199
2910
oni misle: „Pa, pre sam mislio
da su republikanci loši,
ali sada to Donald Tramp dokazuje.
15:28
but now DonaldDonald TrumpTramp provesdokazuje it.
329
916133
1483
15:29
And now everyсваки RepublicanRepublikanac,
I can paintбоје with all the things
330
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2851
I sada svakog republikanca
mogu da predstavim svime onim
15:32
that I think about TrumpTramp."
331
920515
1382
što mislim o Trampu.“
15:33
And that's not necessarilyнужно trueистина.
332
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1593
A to nije nužno tačno.
15:35
They're generallyобично not very happyсрећан
with theirњихова candidatekandidat.
333
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2692
Oni generalno nisu baš zadovoljni
svojim kandidatom.
15:38
This is the mostнајвише negativeнегативно partisanshipPartnerstvo
electionизбор in AmericanAmerikanac historyисторија.
334
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Ovo su izbori sa najnegativnijim
poborništvom u američkoj istoriji.
15:43
So you have to first separateзасебан
your feelingsосећања about the candidatekandidat
335
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Dakle, morate najpre da razdvojite
svoja osećanja prema kandidatu
15:47
from your feelingsосећања about the people
who are givenдато a choiceизбор.
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935247
2937
od svojih osećanja prema ljudima
kojima je dat izbor.
15:50
And then you have to realizeсхватите that,
337
938208
2483
A zatim treba da shvatite da,
15:53
because we all liveживи
in a separateзасебан moralморално worldсвет --
338
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2420
zato što svi mi živimo
u zasebnom moralnom svetu -
15:55
the metaphorметафора I use in the bookкњига
is that we're all trappedзаробљени in "The MatrixMatrica,"
339
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3451
metafora koju koristim u knjizi
je da smo svi zarobljeni u „matriksu“,
15:59
or eachсваки moralморално communityзаједница is a matrixMatrica,
a consensualuz pristanak hallucinationхалуцинација.
340
947165
3524
ili da je svaka moralna zajednica matriks,
konsenzualna halucinacija.
16:02
And so if you're withinу склопу the blueПлави matrixMatrica,
341
950713
2243
Stoga, ako si u plavom matriksu,
16:04
everything'sсвака ствари completelyу потпуности compellingubedljivo
that the other sideстрана --
342
952980
3194
sve sasvim ubedljivo ukazuje
da je druga strana -
16:08
they're troglodytesneandertalci, they're racistsrasisti,
they're the worstнајгоре people in the worldсвет,
343
956198
3631
oni su pećinski ljudi, rasisti,
najgori ljudi na svetu,
16:11
and you have all the factsчињенице
to back that up.
344
959853
2104
i imaš sve činjenice koje to potvrđuju.
16:13
But somebodyнеко in the nextследећи houseкућа from yoursтвоје
345
961981
2275
Međutim, neko u kući do vas
16:16
is livingживи in a differentразличит moralморално matrixMatrica.
346
964280
2033
živi u drugačijem moralnom matriksu.
16:18
They liveживи in a differentразличит videoвидео gameигра,
347
966337
1947
On živi u drugačijoj video igrici
16:20
and they see a completelyу потпуности
differentразличит setкомплет of factsчињенице.
348
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2378
i vidi potpuno drugačiji skup činjenica.
16:22
And eachсваки one seesвиди
differentразличит threatspretnje to the countryземљу.
349
970710
2676
I svako vidi drugačije pretnje za zemlju.
16:25
And what I've foundнашао
from beingбиће in the middleсредина
350
973410
2090
Ono što sam otkrio ostajući u sredini
i pokušavajući da razumem obe strane
jeste da su obe strane u pravu.
16:27
and tryingпокушавајући to understandРазумем bothи једно и друго sidesстране
is: bothи једно и друго sidesстране are right.
351
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2927
16:30
There are a lot of threatspretnje
to this countryземљу,
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2120
Postoji mnogo opasnosti po ovu zemlju
i svaka strana prirodno nije u stanju
da ih sve sagleda.
16:32
and eachсваки sideстрана is constitutionallypo ustavu
incapableнеспособан of seeingвиди them all.
353
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3485
16:36
CACA: So, are you sayingговорећи
that we almostскоро need a newново typeтип of empathyемпатија?
354
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6519
KA: Dakle, hoćeš da kažeš da nam
je maltene potrebna nova vrsta empatije?
16:43
EmpathyEmpatija is traditionallyтрадиционално framedUramio as:
355
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2170
Empatija se obično formuliše kao:
„O, osećam tvoju bol.
Mogu da se postavim na tvoje mesto.“
16:45
"Oh, I feel your painбол.
I can put myselfЈа сам in your shoesципеле."
356
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16:48
And we applyприменити it to the poorлоше,
the needyzahtevna, the sufferingпатња.
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To primenjujemo na siromašnima,
onima u nevolji, onima koji pate.
16:52
We don't usuallyобично applyприменити it
to people who we feel as other,
358
1000023
3823
Obično to ne primenjujemo na ljudima
koje doživljavamo kao suprotstavljene
16:55
or we're disgustedodvratni by.
359
1003870
1465
ili koji nam se gade.
16:57
JHJH: No. That's right.
360
1005359
1151
DžH: Ne. Tako je.
16:58
CACA: What would it look like
to buildизградити that typeтип of empathyемпатија?
361
1006534
4830
KA: Kako bi izgledalo izgraditi
takvu vrstu empatije?
17:04
JHJH: ActuallyU stvari, I think ...
362
1012268
1238
DžH: Zapravo, smatram...
17:06
EmpathyEmpatija is a very, very
hotвруће topicтема in psychologypsihologija,
363
1014145
2305
Empatija je vrlo aktuelna tema
u psihologiji,
17:08
and it's a very popularпопуларно wordреч
on the left in particularпосебно.
364
1016474
2658
a to je i vrlo popularna reč,
naročito na levoj strani.
Empatija je dobra stvar, i to empatija
prema favorizovanim kategorijama žrtvi.
17:11
EmpathyEmpatija is a good thing, and empathyемпатија
for the preferredпожељно classespredavanja of victimsжртве.
365
1019156
4000
17:15
So it's importantважно to empathizesuosjećaju
366
1023180
1453
Važno je saosećati sa grupama
17:16
with the groupsгрупе that we on the left
think are so importantважно.
367
1024657
2824
za koje mi sa leve strane
mislimo da su vrlo bitne.
To je lako jer dobijate poene za to.
17:19
That's easyлако to do,
because you get pointsбодова for that.
368
1027505
2531
17:22
But empathyемпатија really should get you pointsбодова
if you do it when it's hardтешко to do.
369
1030442
3649
Međutim, empatijom bi zapravo trebalo
da dobijate poene kada je to teško.
17:26
And, I think ...
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1034513
1754
I mislim...
17:28
You know, we had a long 50-year-године periodраздобље
of dealingбављење with our raceтрка problemsпроблеми
371
1036291
5088
Znaš, imali smo dugi period od 50 godina
suočavanja sa našim rasističkim problemima
17:33
and legalправни discriminationdiskriminacije,
372
1041403
2255
i pravnom diskriminacijom,
17:35
and that was our topврх priorityприоритет
for a long time
373
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2187
što je dugo bio naš glavni prioritet
i to je još uvek važno.
17:37
and it still is importantважно.
374
1045893
1250
17:39
But I think this yearгодине,
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1047167
1529
Mislim da će ove godine -
17:40
I'm hopingнадати се it will make people see
376
1048720
2404
nadam se da će postići da ljudi uvide
17:43
that we have an existentialегзистенцијално
threatпретња on our handsруке.
377
1051148
2795
da se nosimo sa egzistencijalnom pretnjom.
17:45
Our left-rightlevo-desno divideподела, I believe,
378
1053967
2667
Naša podela na levo i desno, verujem,
daleko je najvažnija podela
sa kojom se suočavamo.
17:48
is by farдалеко the mostнајвише importantважно
divideподела we faceлице.
379
1056658
2160
17:50
We still have issuesпитања about raceтрка
and genderпол and LGBTLGBT,
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1058842
3031
Još imamo probleme vezane za rasu,
rod i zajednicu LGBT,
17:53
but this is the urgentхитно need
of the nextследећи 50 yearsгодине,
381
1061897
3371
ali je ovo hitna potreba
u narednih 50 godina,
17:57
and things aren'tнису going
to get better on theirњихова ownвластити.
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1065292
2861
a stvari se neće poboljšati same od sebe.
Biće nam potrebno da sprovedemo
mnogo institucionalnih reformi
18:01
So we're going to need to do
a lot of institutionalинституционално reformsреформе,
383
1069021
2835
i mogli bismo da govorimo o tome,
18:03
and we could talk about that,
384
1071880
1409
18:05
but that's like a wholeцела long,
wonkyklimavo conversationразговор.
385
1073313
2330
ali to je čitav dugačak
i nestabilan razgovor.
18:07
But I think it startsпочиње with people
realizingреализинг that this is a turningокретање pointтачка.
386
1075667
3846
Mislim da počinje tako što ljudi shvate
da je ovo prekretnica.
18:11
And yes, we need a newново kindкинд of empathyемпатија.
387
1079537
2809
Da, potrebna nam je nova vrsta empatije.
18:14
We need to realizeсхватите:
388
1082370
1505
Treba da shvatimo
18:15
this is what our countryземљу needsпотребе,
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1083899
1542
da je ovo potrebno našoj zemlji,
18:17
and this is what you need
if you don't want to --
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1085465
2354
a ovo je vama potrebno ako ne želite da -
Podignite ruku ako želite
da provedete naredne četiri godine
18:19
RaisePodignite your handруку if you want
to spendпотрошити the nextследећи fourчетири yearsгодине
391
1087843
2695
18:22
as angryљут and worriedзабринуто as you've been
for the last yearгодине -- raiseподићи your handруку.
392
1090562
3486
ljuti i zabrinuti kao što ste bili
protekle godine - podignite ruku.
Dakle, ako želite da pobegnete iz ovoga,
18:26
So if you want to escapeпобјећи from this,
393
1094072
1705
čitajte Budu, Isusa, Marka Aurelija.
18:27
readчитати BuddhaBuda, readчитати JesusIsuse,
readчитати MarcusMarkus AureliusAurelije.
394
1095801
2151
18:29
They have all kindsврсте of great adviceсавет
for how to dropкап the fearбојати се,
395
1097976
5062
Oni imaju raznorazne sjajne savete
o tome kako napustiti strah,
preformulisati stvari,
18:35
reframereframe things,
396
1103062
1178
prestati videti druge ljude
kao svoje neprijatelje.
18:36
stop seeingвиди other people as your enemyнепријатеља.
397
1104264
2083
18:38
There's a lot of guidanceVodič in ancientдревни
wisdomмудрост for this kindкинд of empathyемпатија.
398
1106371
3307
U drevnoj mudrosti postoji
mnogo smernica za ovu vrstu empatije.
KA: Evo mog poslednjeg pitanja.
18:41
CACA: Here'sEvo my last questionпитање:
399
1109702
1377
Šta ljudi mogu učiniti na ličnom nivou
da bi pomogli u isceljenju?
18:43
PersonallyLično, what can
people do to help healхеал?
400
1111103
4335
18:47
JHJH: Yeah, it's very hardтешко to just decideодлучити
to overcomeпревладали your deepestдубоко prejudicespredrasude.
401
1115462
4083
DžH: Da, vrlo je teško prosto odlučiti
da prevaziđete svoje najdublje predrasude.
Postoji istraživanje koje pokazuje
18:51
And there's researchистраживање showingпоказивање
402
1119569
1461
18:53
that politicalполитички prejudicespredrasude are deeperдубље
and strongerјачи than raceтрка prejudicespredrasude
403
1121054
4349
da su političke predrasude
produbljenije i jače od rasnih predrasuda
18:57
in the countryземљу now.
404
1125427
1260
u zemlji danas.
18:59
So I think you have to make an effortнапор --
that's the mainглавни thing.
405
1127395
3432
Mislim da morate da se potrudite -
to je glavna stvar.
19:02
Make an effortнапор to actuallyзаправо meetсусрет somebodyнеко.
406
1130851
2004
Potruditi se da zaista upoznate nekoga.
19:04
EverybodySvi has a cousinрођак, a brother-in-lawzet,
407
1132879
2210
Svako ima rođaka, zeta,
19:07
somebodyнеко who'sко је on the other sideстрана.
408
1135113
1869
nekoga ko je na drugoj strani.
19:09
So, after this electionизбор --
409
1137006
1816
Dakle, nakon ovih izbora -
sačekajte nedelju ili dve,
19:11
wait a weekНедеља or two,
410
1139252
1351
jer će verovatno biti grozno
za jednog od vas -
19:12
because it's probablyвероватно going to feel
awfulгрозно for one of you --
411
1140627
2836
ali sačekajte par nedelja
i zatim mu se obratite
19:15
but wait a coupleпар weeksнедељама, and then
reachдостигнути out and say you want to talk.
412
1143487
4152
i kažite da hoćete da razgovarate.
Pre nego što to uradite,
pročitajte od Dejla Karnegija
19:19
And before you do it,
413
1147663
1424
19:21
readчитати DaleDale CarnegieCarnegie, "How to WinWin
FriendsPrijatelji and InfluenceUticaj People" --
414
1149111
3145
„Kako zadobiti prijatelje
i uticati na ljude.“
(Smeh)
19:24
(LaughterSmeh)
415
1152280
1039
Skroz sam ozbiljan.
19:25
I'm totallyтотално seriousозбиљан.
416
1153343
1167
Naučićete tehnike
ako počnete uz priznanje,
19:26
You'llCu te learnучи techniquesтехнике
if you startпочетак by acknowledgingPriznajući,
417
1154534
2590
tako što ćete reći:
19:29
if you startпочетак by sayingговорећи,
418
1157148
1161
„Znaš, ne slažemo se oko mnogo toga,
19:30
"You know, we don't agreeдоговорити се on a lot,
419
1158333
1670
ali jedno veoma cenim kod tebe, čika Bob“,
19:32
but one thing I really respectпоштовање
about you, UncleUjak BobBob,"
420
1160027
2538
ili „kod vas konzervativaca, a to je...“
19:34
or "... about you conservativeskonzervativci, is ... "
421
1162589
2059
A možete naći nešto.
19:36
And you can find something.
422
1164672
1334
Ako počnete sa malo uvažavanja,
to deluje kao magija.
19:38
If you startпочетак with some
appreciationапресијација, it's like magicмагија.
423
1166030
2763
Ovo je jedna od glavnih stvari
koje sam naučio
19:40
This is one of the mainглавни
things I've learnedнаучио
424
1168817
2114
19:42
that I take into my humanљудско relationshipsвезе.
425
1170955
1913
koju unosim u svoje odnose sa ljudima.
I dalje činim mnogo glupih greški,
19:44
I still make lots of stupidглупо mistakesгрешке,
426
1172892
1920
ali sam sada neverovatno dobar
u izvinjavanju
19:46
but I'm incrediblyневероватно good
at apologizingse izvinjavam now,
427
1174836
2016
i priznavanju nečega
u vezi sa čim je neko bio u pravu.
19:48
and at acknowledgingPriznajući what
somebodyнеко was right about.
428
1176876
2417
19:51
And if you do that,
429
1179317
1154
Ako to radite,
onda razgovor protiče veoma dobro
i zapravo je veoma zabavan.
19:52
then the conversationразговор goesиде really well,
and it's actuallyзаправо really funзабавно.
430
1180495
3494
KA: Džone, apsolutno je fascinantno
razgovarati sa tobom.
19:56
CACA: JonJon, it's absolutelyапсолутно fascinatingфасцинантан
speakingговорећи with you.
431
1184717
2645
19:59
It's really does feel like
the groundземља that we're on
432
1187386
3758
Zaista se čini da je tlo
na kome se nalazimo
20:03
is a groundземља populatedнасељено by deepдубоко questionsпитања
of moralityморалност and humanљудско natureприрода.
433
1191168
4867
nastanjeno dubokim pitanjima
o moralnosti i ljudskoj prirodi.
20:08
Your wisdomмудрост couldn'tније могао be more relevantрелевантно.
434
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2424
Tvoja mudrost je od izuzetnog značaja.
20:10
Thank you so much for sharingдељење
this time with us.
435
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2295
Mnogo ti hvala što si podelio
ovo vreme sa nama.
20:13
JHJH: ThanksHvala ti, ChrisKris.
436
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1152
DžH: Hvala, Kris.
DžH: Hvala svima.
20:14
JHJH: ThanksHvala ti, everyoneсви.
437
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1161
(Aplauz)
20:15
(ApplauseAplauz)
438
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2000
Translated by Ivana Krivokuća
Reviewed by Tijana Mihajlović

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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Jonathan Haidt - Social psychologist
Jonathan Haidt studies how -- and why -- we evolved to be moral and political creatures.

Why you should listen

By understanding more about our moral psychology and its biases, Jonathan Haidt says we can design better institutions (including companies, universities and democracy itself), and we can learn to be more civil and open-minded toward those who are not on our team.

Haidt is a social psychologist whose research on morality across cultures led to his 2008 TED Talk on the psychological roots of the American culture war, and his 2013 TED Talk on how "common threats can make common ground." In both of those talks he asks, "Can't we all disagree more constructively?" Haidt's 2012 TED Talk explored the intersection of his work on morality with his work on happiness to talk about "hive psychology" -- the ability that humans have to lose themselves in groups pursuing larger projects, almost like bees in a hive. This hivish ability is crucial, he argues, for understanding the origins of morality, politics, and religion. These are ideas that Haidt develops at greater length in his book, The Righteous Mind: Why Good People are Divided by Politics and Religion.

Haidt joined New York University Stern School of Business in July 2011. He is the Thomas Cooley Professor of Ethical Leadership, based in the Business and Society Program. Before coming to Stern, Professor Haidt taught for 16 years at the University of Virginia in the department of psychology.

Haidt's writings appear frequently in the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. He was named one of the top global thinkers by Foreign Policy magazine and by Prospect magazine. Haidt received a B.A. in Philosophy from Yale University, and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Pennsylvania.

More profile about the speaker
Jonathan Haidt | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com