ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Jonathan Haidt - Social psychologist
Jonathan Haidt studies how -- and why -- we evolved to be moral and political creatures.

Why you should listen

By understanding more about our moral psychology and its biases, Jonathan Haidt says we can design better institutions (including companies, universities and democracy itself), and we can learn to be more civil and open-minded toward those who are not on our team.

Haidt is a social psychologist whose research on morality across cultures led to his 2008 TED Talk on the psychological roots of the American culture war, and his 2013 TED Talk on how "common threats can make common ground." In both of those talks he asks, "Can't we all disagree more constructively?" Haidt's 2012 TED Talk explored the intersection of his work on morality with his work on happiness to talk about "hive psychology" -- the ability that humans have to lose themselves in groups pursuing larger projects, almost like bees in a hive. This hivish ability is crucial, he argues, for understanding the origins of morality, politics, and religion. These are ideas that Haidt develops at greater length in his book, The Righteous Mind: Why Good People are Divided by Politics and Religion.

Haidt joined New York University Stern School of Business in July 2011. He is the Thomas Cooley Professor of Ethical Leadership, based in the Business and Society Program. Before coming to Stern, Professor Haidt taught for 16 years at the University of Virginia in the department of psychology.

Haidt's writings appear frequently in the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. He was named one of the top global thinkers by Foreign Policy magazine and by Prospect magazine. Haidt received a B.A. in Philosophy from Yale University, and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Pennsylvania.

More profile about the speaker
Jonathan Haidt | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
TEDNYC

Jonathan Haidt: Can a divided America heal?

Jonathan Haidt: Može li podijeljena Amerika zacijeliti?

Filmed:
2,005,570 views

Kako se SAD može oporaviti poslije negativnih, poborničkih predsjedničkih izbora 2016.? Socijalni psiholog Jonathan Haidt proučava moral koji oblikuje temelj naših političkih izbora. U razgovoru s kuratorom TED-a Chrisom Andersonom opisuje obrasce razmišljanja i povijesne uzroke koji su doveli do tako oštrih podjela u Americi - i daje viziju kako zemlja može krenuti naprijed.
- Social psychologist
Jonathan Haidt studies how -- and why -- we evolved to be moral and political creatures. Full bio - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

Chris Anderson: Dakle,
Jon, ovo je zastrašujuće.
00:12
ChrisChris AndersonAnderson: So, JonJon, this feelsosjeća scaryplašljiv.
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Jonathan Haidt: Jeste.
00:15
JonathanJonathan HaidtHaidt: Yeah.
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CA: Čini se kao da je svijet na mjestu
00:16
CACA: It feelsosjeća like the worldsvijet is in a placemjesto
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koje već dugo nismo vidjeli.
00:18
that we haven'tnisu seenvidio for a long time.
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00:20
People don't just disagreene slagati se
in the way that we're familiarupoznat with,
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Ljudi ne samo da se ne slažu
na način koji nam je poznat,
na političkoj razdjelnici
između lijevog i desnog.
00:24
on the left-rightlijevo-desno politicalpolitički dividepodijeliti.
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00:26
There are much deeperdublje differencesRazlike afootu toku.
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U pitanju su mnogo dublja razilaženja.
00:29
What on earthZemlja is going on,
and how did we get here?
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Što se to uopće zbiva
i kako smo dovde stigli?
JH: To je drugačije.
00:33
JHJH: This is differentdrugačiji.
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00:36
There's a much more
apocalypticapokaliptičan sortvrsta of feelingosjećaj.
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Osjećaj je mnogo više
apokaliptičan.
00:39
SurveyIstraživanje researchistraživanje by PewKlupu ResearchIstraživanja showspokazuje
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Ankete Pew Research centra pokazuju
00:41
that the degreestupanj to whichkoji we feel
that the other sidestrana is not just --
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da je stupanj osjećaja
da druga strana nije samo --
00:45
we don't just dislikene voljeti them;
we stronglysnažno dislikene voljeti them,
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ne samo da su nam odbojni;
jako su nam odbojni,
00:48
and we think that they are
a threatprijetnja to the nationnarod.
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i mislimo da predstavljaju
prijetnju za naciju.
00:51
Those numbersbrojevi have been going up and up,
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Ti brojevi stalno rastu
00:53
and those are over 50 percentposto
now on bothoba sidesstrane.
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i dostigli su preko 50 posto
sada na obje strane.
00:56
People are scaredprestrašen,
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Ljudi su uplašeni
jer to izgleda kao da je drugačije
nego prije; mnogo je intenzivnije.
00:57
because it feelsosjeća like this is differentdrugačiji
than before; it's much more intenseintenzivan.
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Kada god pogledam bilo koju
vrstu društvene zagonetke
01:01
WheneverKad god I look
at any sortvrsta of socialsocijalni puzzlepuzzle,
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01:04
I always applyprimijeniti the threetri basicosnovni
principlesprincipi of moralmoralan psychologyPsihologija,
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uvijek primjenjujem tri
osnovna principa moralne psihologije
i mislim da će nam i ovdje pomoći.
01:07
and I think they'lloni će help us here.
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01:09
So the first thing that you
have to always keep in mindum
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Prva stvar koju uvijek
treba imati na umu
01:11
when you're thinkingmišljenje about politicspolitika
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kada razmišljate o politici
01:13
is that we're tribalplemenski.
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je da smo mi plemenska vrsta.
Evoluirali smo kao
pripadnici plemena.
01:15
We evolvedrazvio for tribalismtribalizam.
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01:16
One of the simplestnajjednostavniji and greatestnajveći
insightsuvidi into humanljudski socialsocijalni naturepriroda
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Jedan od najjednostavnijih i najvećih
uvida u ljudsku društvenu prirodu
01:19
is the BedouinBeduin proverbposlovica:
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je beduinska poslovica:
01:20
"Me againstprotiv my brotherbrat;
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"Ja protiv mog brata;
01:22
me and my brotherbrat againstprotiv our cousinrođak;
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ja i moj brat protiv našeg bratića;
01:24
me and my brotherbrat and cousinsrođaci
againstprotiv the strangerstranac."
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ja i moj brat i bratići
protiv stranca."
01:26
And that tribalismtribalizam alloweddopušteno us
to createstvoriti largeveliki societiesdruštva
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Ta plemenska pripadnost nam je
omogućila stvaranje velikih zajednica
01:31
and to come togetherzajedno
in ordernarudžba to competekonkurirati with othersdrugi.
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i udruživanje radi natjecanja s drugima.
01:34
That broughtdonio us out of the jungledžungla
and out of smallmali groupsgrupe,
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To nas je izvelo iz džungle
i iz malih grupa,
01:38
but it meanssredstva that we have
eternalvječni conflictsukob.
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no to znači da imamo vječni sukob.
01:40
The questionpitanje you have to look at is:
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Pitanje koje treba razmotriti je:
01:42
What aspectsaspekti of our societydruštvo
are makingizrađivanje that more bittergorak,
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Koji aspekti našeg društva
doprinose ogorčenosti,
01:44
and what are calmingsmirivanje them down?
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a koji ga smiruju?
CA: To je vrlo mračna poslovica.
01:46
CACA: That's a very darkmrak proverbposlovica.
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Ti kažeš da je to zapravo ugrađeno
u mentalni sklop većine ljudi
01:47
You're sayingizreka that that's actuallyzapravo
bakedpečen into mostnajviše people'snarodno mentalmentalni wiringožičenje
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01:52
at some levelnivo?
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na nekoj razini?
01:53
JHJH: Oh, absolutelyapsolutno. This is just
a basicosnovni aspectaspekt of humanljudski socialsocijalni cognitionspoznaja.
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JH: Apsolutno. To je upravo osnovni
aspekt ljudske društvene spoznaje.
No mi također možemo
vrlo mirno živjeti zajedno
01:57
But we can alsotakođer liveživjeti togetherzajedno
really peacefullymirno,
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01:59
and we'veimamo inventedizumio all kindsvrste
of funzabava waysnačine of, like, playingigranje warrat.
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i izumili smo razne vrste
zabavnih načina za igranje rata.
02:02
I mean, sportssportski, politicspolitika --
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Mislim sportove, politiku --
02:04
these are all waysnačine that we get
to exercisevježba this tribalplemenski naturepriroda
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to su sve načini na koje
izražavamo tu plemensku prirodu
02:08
withoutbez actuallyzapravo hurtingranjavanje anyonebilo tko.
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bez da itko bude povrijeđen.
02:09
We're alsotakođer really good at tradetrgovina
and explorationistraživanje and meetingsastanak newnovi people.
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Mi smo također dobri u trgovini
i istraživanju i upoznavanju novih ljudi.
Našu plemensku pripadnost treba
promatrati kao nešto što raste ili pada --
02:14
So you have to see our tribalismtribalizam
as something that goeside up or down --
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nije da smo osuđeni
da se stalno međusobno borimo,
02:17
it's not like we're doomedproklet
to always be fightingborba eachsvaki other,
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02:20
but we'lldobro never have worldsvijet peacemir.
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ali nikada nećemo imati svjetski mir.
02:22
CACA: The sizeveličina of that tribepleme
can shrinkse smanjiti or expandproširiti.
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CA: Veličina tog plemena
može se smanjivati ili povećavati.
02:26
JHJH: Right.
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JH: Točno.
02:27
CACA: The sizeveličina of what we considerrazmotriti "us"
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CA: Veličina onoga što zovemo "mi"
02:29
and what we considerrazmotriti "other" or "them"
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i što zovemo "drugi" ili "oni"
02:31
can changepromijeniti.
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može se mijenjati.
I neki ljudi su vjerovali da taj proces
može trajati beskonačno.
02:34
And some people believedvjerovao that processpostupak
could continuenastaviti indefinitelyneodređeno.
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02:40
JHJH: That's right.
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JH: To je istina.
02:41
CACA: And we were indeeddoista expandingširenje
the senseosjećaj of tribepleme for a while.
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CA: I mi smo stvarno
širili značenje plemena neko vrijeme.
02:44
JHJH: So this is, I think,
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JH: Dakle to je, mislim,
02:45
where we're gettinguzimajući at what's possiblymožda
the newnovi left-rightlijevo-desno distinctionrazlika.
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gdje dolazimo do vjerojatno nove
lijevo-desne distinkcije.
02:49
I mean, the left-rightlijevo-desno
as we'veimamo all inheritednaslijedio it,
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Mislim, lijevo-desno
kako smo to svi naslijedili,
02:51
comesdolazi out of the laborrad
versusprotiv capitalglavni distinctionrazlika,
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proizlazi iz distinkcije između
rada nasuprot kapitalu,
02:54
and the workingrad classklasa, and MarxMarx.
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i radničke klase i Marxa.
02:56
But I think what we're seeingvidim
now, increasinglysve,
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No, mislim da ono što danas
vidimo, sve više,
02:59
is a dividepodijeliti in all the WesternZapadni democraciesdemokracija
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je podjela u svim
zapadnim demokracijama
03:01
betweenizmeđu the people
who want to stop at nationnarod,
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između ljudi koji žele stati na naciji,
03:05
the people who are more parochialžupni --
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ljudi koji su više uskogrudni --
03:07
and I don't mean that in a badloše way --
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i to ne mislim u lošem smislu --
03:09
people who have much more
of a senseosjećaj of beingbiće rootedukorijenjen,
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ljudi koji imaju puno
jači osjećaj ukorijenjenosti,
03:12
they carebriga about theirnjihov towngrad,
theirnjihov communityzajednica and theirnjihov nationnarod.
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njima je stalo do njihovog grada,
zajednice i nacije.
03:15
And then those who are
anti-parochialanti-župna and who --
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I onda oni koji su manje skučeni i koji --
03:19
wheneverkada I get confusedzbunjen, I just think
of the JohnJohn LennonLennon songpjesma "ImagineZamislite."
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kad god sam zbunjen sjetim se
pjesme Johna Lennona "Imagine"
"Zamisli da nema zemalja,
da se nema za što ubijati ili umrijeti."
03:23
"ImagineZamislite there's no countrieszemlje,
nothing to killubiti or dieumrijeti for."
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To su ljudi koji žele više
globalnog upravljanja,
03:26
And so these are the people
who want more globalglobalno governancevladavina,
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03:29
they don't like nationnarod statesDržave,
they don't like bordersgranice.
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oni ne vole nacionalne države,
oni ne vole granice.
03:32
You see this all over EuropeEurope as well.
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To se također vidi po cijeloj Europi.
03:33
There's a great metaphormetafora guy --
actuallyzapravo, his nameime is ShakespeareShakespeare --
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Ima jedan velikan metafora --
ustvari ime mu je Shakespeare --
koji je prije deset godina
pisao u Britaniji.
03:37
writingpisanje tendeset yearsgodina agoprije in BritainBritanija.
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03:38
He had a metaphormetafora:
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Imao je metaforu:
03:39
"Are we drawbridge-uppersmost-za dizanje
or drawbridge-downersMost-downers?"
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"Jesmo li mi dizači pokretnog mosta
ili spuštači pokretnog mosta?"
03:43
And BritainBritanija is dividedpodijeljen
52-48 on that pointtočka.
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A Britanija je podijeljena
52-48 po tom pitanju
03:46
And AmericaAmerika is dividedpodijeljen on that pointtočka, too.
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I Amerika je također
podijeljena po tom pitanju.
03:49
CACA: And so, those of us
who grewrastao up with The BeatlesBeatlesi
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CA: I tako, oni od nas
koji su odrastali s Beatlesima
03:52
and that sortvrsta of hippiehipik philosophyfilozofija
of dreamingsanjanje of a more connectedpovezan worldsvijet --
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i tom vrstom hipi filozofije
sanjanja o povezanijem svijetu --
03:56
it feltosjećala so idealisticidealistički and "how could
anyonebilo tko think badlyLoše about that?"
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to se činilo tako idealistički i "kako bi
itko mogao o tome misliti loše?"
04:00
And what you're sayingizreka is that, actuallyzapravo,
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A ti kažeš da ustvari
04:02
millionsmilijuni of people todaydanas
feel that that isn't just sillyglup;
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milijuni ljudi danas osjećaju
da to nije samo smiješno;
04:07
it's actuallyzapravo dangerousopasno and wrongpogrešno,
and they're scaredprestrašen of it.
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to je ustvari opasno i krivo
i oni se toga boje.
JH: Ja mislim da je veliki problem,
pogotovo u Europi, ali i ovdje,
04:09
JHJH: I think the bigvelika issueizdanje, especiallyposebno
in EuropeEurope but alsotakođer here,
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04:13
is the issueizdanje of immigrationimigracije.
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problem imigracije.
04:14
And I think this is where
we have to look very carefullypažljivo
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I mislim da tu moramo
vrlo pažljivo razmotriti
04:17
at the socialsocijalni scienceznanost
about diversityraznovrsnost and immigrationimigracije.
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društvenu znanost
o različitosti i imigraciji.
04:21
OnceJednom something becomespostaje politicizedpolitiziran,
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Jednom kada nešto
postane ispolitizirano,
04:22
oncejednom it becomespostaje something
that the left lovesvoli and the right --
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kada to postane nešto
što lijevi vole, a desni --
04:25
then even the socialsocijalni scientistsznanstvenici
can't think straightravno about it.
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tada ni društveni znanstvenici
ne mogu o tome hladno razmišljati.
04:29
Now, diversityraznovrsnost is good in a lot of waysnačine.
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Različitost je dobra na mnogo načina.
04:31
It clearlyjasno createsstvara more innovationinovacija.
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Ona očigledno stvara više inovacija.
04:33
The AmericanAmerički economyEkonomija
has grownodrastao enormouslyogromno from it.
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Američka ekonomija je enormno
porasla zahvaljujući tome.
04:35
DiversityRaznolikost and immigrationimigracije
do a lot of good things.
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Različitost i imigracija
čine mnogo dobrih stvari.
04:38
But what the globalistsGlobalisti,
I think, don't see,
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No, ono što globalisti,
mislim, ne vide,
04:40
what they don't want to see,
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što ne žele vidjeti,
04:42
is that ethnicetnički diversityraznovrsnost
cutsrezovi socialsocijalni capitalglavni and trustpovjerenje.
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je da etnička različitost
umanjuje društveni kapital i povjerenje.
04:48
There's a very importantvažno
studystudija by RobertRobert PutnamPutnam,
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Ima jedna vrlo važna
studija Roberta Putnama,
04:51
the authorAutor of "BowlingKuglanje AloneSama,"
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autora knjige "Kuglati sam",
04:52
looking at socialsocijalni capitalglavni databasesbaza podataka.
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koja razmatra baze podataka
o društvenom kapitalu.
04:54
And basicallyu osnovi, the more people
feel that they are the sameisti,
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Načelno, što se više
ljudi osjećaju jednakima
04:57
the more they trustpovjerenje eachsvaki other,
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to više vjeruju jedan drugome,
04:59
the more they can have
a redistributionistredistributionist welfareblagostanje statedržava.
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tim prije mogu imati
redistributivnu socijalnu državu.
Skandinavske zemlje su tako prekrasne
05:02
ScandinavianSkandinavski countrieszemlje are so wonderfulpredivan
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jer su po svom nasljeđu
malene, homogene zemlje.
05:04
because they have this legacynasljedstvo
of beingbiće smallmali, homogenoushomogeno countrieszemlje.
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05:07
And that leadsvodi to
a progressiveprogresivan welfareblagostanje statedržava,
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A to vodi progresivnoj socijalnoj državi,
skupu progresivnih, lijevo orjentiranih
vrijednosti, koji kaže,
05:11
a setset of progressiveprogresivan
left-leaningnaginje valuesvrijednosti, whichkoji sayskaže,
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05:14
"DrawbridgePokretni most down!
The worldsvijet is a great placemjesto.
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"Spuštajte pomični most!
Svijet je sjajno mjesto.
05:17
People in SyriaSirija are sufferingpati --
we mustmora welcomeDobrodošli them in."
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Ljudi u Siriji pate --
moramo ih srdačno primiti."
05:20
And it's a beautifullijep thing.
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I to je prekrasna stvar.
05:21
But if, and I was in SwedenŠvedska
this summerljeto,
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Ali ako, a bio sam
u Švedskoj ovog ljeta,
05:24
if the discoursediskurs in SwedenŠvedska
is fairlypošteno politicallypolitičko correctispravan
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ako je diskurs u Švedskoj
potpuno politički korektan
05:27
and they can't talk about the downsidesmane,
117
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i oni ne mogu govoriti
o negativnim stranama,
05:30
you endkraj up bringingdonošenje a lot of people in.
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završit ćete tako da
dovedete mnogo ljudi.
05:32
That's going to cutrez socialsocijalni capitalglavni,
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To će srezati društveni kapital,
05:33
it makesmarke it hardteško to have a welfareblagostanje statedržava
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1945
to otežava opstanak socijalne države
05:35
and they mightmoć endkraj up,
as we have in AmericaAmerika,
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2556
i oni bi mogli završiti,
poput nas u Americi,
05:38
with a raciallyrasno dividedpodijeljen, visiblyvidno
raciallyrasno dividedpodijeljen, societydruštvo.
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s rasno podijeljenim,
vidljivo rasno podijeljenim, društvom.
05:41
So this is all very
uncomfortableneudoban to talk about.
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O svemu ovome
vrlo je neugodno govoriti.
05:44
But I think this is the thing,
especiallyposebno in EuropeEurope and for us, too,
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No mislim da je to stvar,
posebno u Europi i kod nas također,
koju moramo razmatrati.
05:47
we need to be looking at.
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05:48
CACA: You're sayingizreka that people of reasonrazlog,
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CA: Ti kažeš da razumni ljudi,
05:50
people who would considerrazmotriti
themselvesse not racistsrasisti,
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ljudi koji sebe ne smatraju rasistima,
05:53
but moralmoralan, upstandinguzoran people,
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već moralnim, uglednim ljudima,
05:55
have a rationaleobrazloženje that sayskaže
humansljudi are just too differentdrugačiji;
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imaju obrazloženje da su
ljudska bića ipak suviše različita;
05:58
that we're in dangeropasnost of overloadingpreopterećenja
our senseosjećaj of what humansljudi are capablesposoban of,
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da smo u opasnosti da
precijenimo ljudske sposobnosti,
06:03
by mixingmiješanje in people who are too differentdrugačiji.
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miješajući ljude koji su suviše različiti.
06:06
JHJH: Yes, but I can make it
much more palatableukusan
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JH: Da, ali ovo mogu
učiniti puno prihvatljivijim
06:09
by sayingizreka it's not necessarilyobavezno about raceutrka.
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ako kažem da se ne radi nužno o rasi.
06:12
It's about cultureKultura.
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Radi se o kulturi.
06:14
There's wonderfulpredivan work by a politicalpolitički
scientistnaučnik namedpod nazivom KarenKaren StennerStenner,
135
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4173
Ima jedan prekrasan rad
političke znanstvenice Karen Stenner,
06:18
who showspokazuje that when people have a senseosjećaj
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koja pokazuje da kada ljudi imaju osjećaj
06:21
that we are all unitedujedinjen,
we're all the sameisti,
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da smo svi ujedinjeni, svi jednaki,
06:23
there are manymnogi people who have
a predispositionpredispozicija to authoritarianismautoritarnosti.
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tada ima mnogo ljudi
koji su skloni autoritarizmu.
06:27
Those people aren'tnisu particularlynaročito racistrasistički
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Ti ljudi nisu osobito rasisti
06:29
when they feel as throughkroz
there's not a threatprijetnja
140
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kada osjećaju da nema prijetnje
06:31
to our socialsocijalni and moralmoralan ordernarudžba.
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našem društvenom i moralnom poretku.
06:33
But if you primeglavni them experimentallyeksperimentalno
142
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No, ako ih pokusno potaknete
06:35
by thinkingmišljenje we're comingdolazak apartosim,
people are gettinguzimajući more differentdrugačiji,
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razmišljanjem da se raspadamo,
da su ljudi sve više različiti,
tada postaju veći rasisti, homofobi,
žele izbaciti devijantne.
06:38
then they get more racistrasistički, homophobichomofobne,
they want to kickudarac out the deviantsdeviants.
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06:41
So it's in partdio that you get
an authoritarianautoritarno reactionreakcija.
145
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Tako dijelom dobivate
autoritarnu reakciju.
06:44
The left, followingsljedeći throughkroz
the LennonistLennonist linecrta --
146
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2337
Ljevica, slijedeći Lennonovu liniju --
06:47
the JohnJohn LennonLennon linecrta --
147
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liniju Johna Lennona --
06:48
does things that createstvoriti
an authoritarianautoritarno reactionreakcija.
148
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čini stvari koje stvaraju
autoritarnu reakciju.
06:50
We're certainlysigurno seeingvidim that
in AmericaAmerika with the alt-rightALT-desno.
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To nesumnjivo vidimo u Americi
s alternativnom desnicom.
To smo vidjeli u Britanij,
vidimo to širom Europe.
06:53
We saw it in BritainBritanija,
we'veimamo seenvidio it all over EuropeEurope.
150
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2582
06:56
But the more positivepozitivan partdio of that
151
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No, pozitivniji dio toga
06:58
is that I think the localistslocalists,
or the nationalistsnacionalisti, are actuallyzapravo right --
152
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je da mislim da su lokalisti
ili nacionalisti, ustvari u pravu --
07:03
that, if you emphasizenaglasiti
our culturalkulturni similaritysličnost,
153
411218
3787
da ako naglašavate
našu kulturalnu sličnost,
07:07
then raceutrka doesn't actuallyzapravo
matterstvar very much.
154
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2227
tada rasa ustvari nije toliko važna.
07:09
So an assimilationistasimilativna
approachpristup to immigrationimigracije
155
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2708
Tako asimilacionistički
pristup imigraciji
07:12
removesuklanja a lot of these problemsproblemi.
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1557
otklanja mnogo ovih problema.
07:13
And if you valuevrijednost havingima
a generousvelikodušan welfareblagostanje statedržava,
157
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2387
A ako vam je važno imati
darežljivu socijalnu državu,
07:16
you've got to emphasizenaglasiti
that we're all the sameisti.
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morate naglašavati da smo svi jednaki.
07:18
CACA: OK, so risingrastući immigrationimigracije
and fearsstrahovi about that
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3094
CA: OK, dakle rastuća imigracija
i strahovi oko toga
07:21
are one of the causesuzroci
of the currentstruja dividepodijeliti.
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su jedan od uzroka sadašnje podjele.
07:25
What are other causesuzroci?
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Koji su drugi uzroci?
07:26
JHJH: The nextSljedeći principlenačelo of moralmoralan psychologyPsihologija
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JH: Sljedeći princip moralne psihologije
07:28
is that intuitionsintuicije come first,
strategicstrateški reasoningrasuđivanje seconddrugi.
163
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je da su intuicije na prvom mjestu,
strateško rasuđivanje na drugom.
07:32
You've probablyvjerojatno heardčuo
the termtermin "motivatedmotivirani reasoningrasuđivanje"
164
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2480
Vjerojatno ste čuli za izraz
"motivirano rasuđivanje"
07:35
or "confirmationpotvrda biasprednapon."
165
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1607
ili "potvrda pristranosti".
07:36
There's some really interestingzanimljiv work
166
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Postoje neki doista zanimljivi radovi
07:38
on how our highvisok intelligenceinteligencija
and our verbalglagolski abilitiessposobnosti
167
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3077
o tome kako su naša inteligencija
i naše verbalne sposobnosti
07:41
mightmoć have evolvedrazvio
not to help us find out the truthistina,
168
449935
3202
možda evoluirali, ne da
nam pomognu otkriti istinu,
već da nam pomognu
da manipuliramo jedni drugima,
07:45
but to help us manipulatemanipulirati eachsvaki other,
defendbraniti our reputationugled ...
169
453161
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obranimo svoju reputaciju ...
Mi smo zaista dobri u
opravdavanju sebe samih.
07:48
We're really, really good
at justifyingopravdavaju ourselvessebe.
170
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2966
07:51
And when you bringdonijeti
groupskupina interestsinteresi into accountračun,
171
459147
2367
A kada uzmete u obzir interese grupe,
07:53
so it's not just me,
it's my teamtim versusprotiv your teamtim,
172
461538
2737
dakle, nisam samo ja,
već moj tim nasuprot tvom timu,
07:56
whereasdok if you're evaluatingvrednovanje evidencedokaz
that your sidestrana is wrongpogrešno,
173
464299
2913
međutim, ako procjenjujete dokaze
da je vaša strana u krivu,
mi to jednostavno
ne možemo prihvatiti.
07:59
we just can't acceptprihvatiti that.
174
467236
1757
08:01
So this is why you can't winpobijediti
a politicalpolitički argumentargument.
175
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2717
To je razlog da ne možete
dobiti političku prepirku.
08:03
If you're debatingdebatno something,
176
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1493
Ako o nečem raspravljate,
08:05
you can't persuadeuvjeriti the personosoba
with reasonsrazlozi and evidencedokaz,
177
473275
3047
ne možete osobu uvjeriti
razumom i dokazima
08:08
because that's not
the way reasoningrasuđivanje worksdjela.
178
476346
2345
jer to nije način
na koji rasuđivanje funkcionira.
08:10
So now, give us the internetInternet,
give us GoogleGoogle:
179
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3115
Uzmimo sada Internet,
uzmimo Google:
08:14
"I heardčuo that BarackBarack ObamaObama
was bornrođen in KenyaKenija.
180
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2730
"Čuo sam da je
Barack Obama rođen u Keniji.
08:17
Let me GoogleGoogle that -- oh my God!
10 millionmilijuna hitshitovi! Look, he was!"
181
485276
3948
Hajde da pogledam u Google -- oh Bože!
10 milijuna rezultata! Vidi, istina je!"
08:21
CACA: So this has come as an unpleasantneugodan
surpriseiznenađenje to a lot of people.
182
489248
3140
CA: Dakle, ovo je neugodno iznenađenje
za mnogo ljudi.
08:24
SocialSocijalne mediamedia has oftenčesto been framednamješteno
by techno-optimiststehno-optimisti
183
492412
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Tehno-optimisti često
društvene medije opisuju kao
08:27
as this great connectingspojni forcesila
that would bringdonijeti people togetherzajedno.
184
495284
5247
golemu povezujuću silu
koja će ujediniti ljude.
08:32
And there have been some
unexpectedneočekivan counter-effectskontra efekte to that.
185
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3922
No, to je imalo neke
neočekivane kontra efekte.
JH: To je točno.
08:36
JHJH: That's right.
186
504922
1151
Zato sam ja očaran yin-yang pogledima
08:38
That's why I'm very enamoredzaljubljen
of yin-yangYin-yang viewspregleda
187
506097
2381
08:40
of humanljudski naturepriroda and left-rightlijevo-desno --
188
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1618
na ljudsku prirodu i lijevo-desno --
08:42
that eachsvaki sidestrana is right
about certainsiguran things,
189
510144
2466
da je svaka strana u pravu
o određenim stvarima,
08:44
but then it goeside blindslijep to other things.
190
512634
2121
a slijepa je za druge stvari.
08:46
And so the left generallyobično believesvjeruje
that humanljudski naturepriroda is good:
191
514779
2978
Ljevica općenito vjeruje
da je ljudska priroda dobra:
08:49
bringdonijeti people togetherzajedno, knockkucati down
the wallszidovi and all will be well.
192
517781
3165
ujedinimo ljude, srušimo zidove
i svima će nam biti dobro.
Desnica -- socijalni konzervativci,
ne libertarijanci --
08:52
The right -- socialsocijalni conservativeskonzervativci,
not libertarianslibertarians --
193
520970
2558
socijalni konzervativci općenito
vjeruju da ljudi mogu biti pohlepni
08:55
socialsocijalni conservativeskonzervativci generallyobično
believe people can be greedypohlepni
194
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4253
08:59
and sexualseksualan and selfishsebičan,
195
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1382
i seksualni i sebični,
09:01
and we need regulationregulacija,
and we need restrictionsograničenja.
196
529235
2420
i trebamo regulaciju,
i trebamo restrikcije.
09:04
So, yeah, if you knockkucati down all the wallszidovi,
197
532214
2402
Zato, da, ako srušite sve zidove,
dozvolite ljudima da komuniciraju
širom svijeta,
09:06
allowdopustiti people to communicatekomunicirati
all over the worldsvijet,
198
534640
2229
dobivate puno pornografije
i puno rasizma.
09:08
you get a lot of pornporno and a lot of racismrasizam.
199
536893
2058
CA: Pomozi nam onda da razumijemo.
09:10
CACA: So help us understandrazumjeti.
200
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1261
09:12
These principlesprincipi of humanljudski naturepriroda
have been with us foreverzauvijek.
201
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5552
Ovi principi ljudske prirode
oduvijek su s nama.
09:18
What's changedpromijenjen that's deepenedprodubila
this feelingosjećaj of divisionpodjela?
202
546918
4774
Što se to promijenilo što je produbilo
taj osjećaj podijeljenosti?
JH: Morate vidjeti šest do deset
različitih niti koje se sve spajaju.
09:24
JHJH: You have to see sixšest to tendeset
differentdrugačiji threadsteme all comingdolazak togetherzajedno.
203
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Nabrojat ću tek nekoliko njih.
09:29
I'll just listpopis a couplepar of them.
204
557373
1693
09:31
So in AmericaAmerika, one of the bigvelika --
actuallyzapravo, AmericaAmerika and EuropeEurope --
205
559398
4478
Dakle, u Americi, jedna od velikih --
ustvari, Americi i Europi --
09:35
one of the biggestnajveći onesone is WorldSvijet WarRat IIII.
206
563900
1913
jedna od najvećih je Drugi svjetski rat.
09:37
There's interestingzanimljiv researchistraživanje
from JoeJoe HenrichHenrich and othersdrugi
207
565837
2643
Postoji zanimljivo istraživanje
Joea Henricha i drugih
09:40
that sayskaže if your countryzemlja was at warrat,
208
568504
2403
koje kaže da ako je
vaša zemlja bila u ratu,
09:42
especiallyposebno when you were youngmladi,
209
570931
1557
naročito ako ste tada bili mladi,
09:44
then we testtest you 30 yearsgodina laterkasnije
in a commonszajednička dilemmadilema
210
572512
3114
i testiramo vas 30 godina poslije
o dilemi općeg doba
09:47
or a prisoner'sZatvorenik je dilemmadilema,
211
575650
1329
ili zatvorenikovoj dilemi,
09:49
you're more cooperativezadruga.
212
577003
1291
bit ćete kooperativniji.
09:50
Because of our tribalplemenski naturepriroda, if you're --
213
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2873
Zbog naše plemenske prirode, ako ste --
09:53
my parentsroditelji were teenagerstinejdžeri
duringza vrijeme WorldSvijet WarRat IIII,
214
581880
2917
moji roditelji su bili tinejdžeri
u vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata,
09:56
and they would go out
looking for scrapsbilješke of aluminumaluminijum
215
584821
2561
i naokolo bi skupljali ostatke aluminija
09:59
to help the warrat effortnapor.
216
587406
1189
pridonoseći ratnim naporima.
10:00
I mean, everybodysvi pulledizvukao togetherzajedno.
217
588619
2178
Mislim, svi su se međusobno pomagali.
10:02
And so then these people go on,
218
590821
1529
I onda ti ljudi idu dalje,
10:04
they riseustati up throughkroz businessPoslovni
and governmentvlada,
219
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2398
uzdižu se kroz poslovni svijet i vladu
10:06
they take leadershiprukovodstvo positionspozicije.
220
594796
1631
zauzimaju vodeće pozicije.
10:08
They're really good
at compromisekompromis and cooperationsuradnja.
221
596451
3251
Oni su zaista dobri u
postizanju kompromisa i suradnji.
Svi su oni otišli u mirovinu
do kraja 90-ih.
10:11
They all retirepovući by the '90s.
222
599726
1935
10:13
So we're left with babydijete boomersboomerang
by the endkraj of the '90s.
223
601685
3301
Tako smo ostali s baby boomerima
krajem 90-ih.
10:17
And theirnjihov youthmladež was spentpotrošen fightingborba
eachsvaki other withinunutar eachsvaki countryzemlja,
224
605010
3967
A njihova mladost je prošla u
međusobnim sukobima
unutar vlastitih zemalja.
10:21
in 1968 and afterwardsposlije.
225
609001
1647
1968. i kasnije.
10:22
The lossgubitak of the WorldSvijet WarRat IIII generationgeneracija,
"The GreatestNajveći GenerationGeneracije,"
226
610672
3994
Gubitak generacije 2. svjetskog rata,
"Najveće generacije",
10:26
is hugeogroman.
227
614690
1284
ogroman je.
10:28
So that's one.
228
616567
1175
To je jedna nit.
10:30
AnotherJoš jedan, in AmericaAmerika,
is the purificationpročišćavanje of the two partiesstranke.
229
618440
3123
Druga nit je purifikacija
dviju stranaka u Americi
Nekada je bilo liberalnih Republikanaca
i konzervativnih Demokrata.
10:33
There used to be liberalliberalni RepublicansRepublikanci
and conservativekonzervativan DemocratsDemokrati.
230
621949
3047
10:37
So AmericaAmerika had a mid-sredina20thth centurystoljeće
that was really bipartisandvostranački.
231
625020
3167
Tako je sredinom 20. stoljeća
Amerika imala pravo dvostranačje.
10:40
But because of a varietyraznolikost of factorsčimbenici
that startedpočeo things movingkreće,
232
628211
4367
No, zbog raznih faktora
koji su počeli pokretati stvari,
10:44
by the 90's„s, we had a purifiedpročišćena
liberalliberalni partystranka and conservativekonzervativan partystranka.
233
632602
3398
do 90-ih imali smo očišćenu
liberalnu stranku i konzervativnu stranku.
10:48
So now, the people in eitherili partystranka
really are differentdrugačiji,
234
636024
2645
Tako su sada ljudi u svakoj stranci
stvarno drugačiji,
10:50
and we really don't want
our childrendjeca to marryoženiti them,
235
638693
2483
i mi stvarno ne želimo da
se naša djeca s njima žene,
10:53
whichkoji, in the '60s,
didn't matterstvar very much.
236
641200
2068
što u 60-ima nije bilo jako važno.
10:55
So, the purificationpročišćavanje of the partiesstranke.
237
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1797
Dakle, purifikacija stranaka.
10:57
ThirdTreće is the internetInternet and, as I said,
238
645113
2472
Treća nit je Internet i,
kao što sam rekao,
10:59
it's just the mostnajviše amazingnevjerojatan stimulantstimulans
for post-hocpost-hoc reasoningrasuđivanje and demonizationdemonizacija.
239
647609
4683
to je najnevjerojatniji stimulans
za post-hoc rasuđivanje i demonizaciju.
11:04
CACA: The toneton of what's happeningdogađa
on the internetInternet now is quitedosta troublingzabrinjavajući.
240
652316
4792
CA: Prizvuk onoga što se sada događa
na Internetu prilično je zabrinjavajući.
11:09
I just did a quickbrz searchtraži
on TwitterTwitter about the electionizbor
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Upravo sam napravio brzu pretragu
na Twitteru o izborima
11:12
and saw two tweetsTweets nextSljedeći to eachsvaki other.
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i vidio dva tweeta jedan do drugog.
11:15
One, againstprotiv a pictureslika of racistrasistički graffitigrafiti:
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Jedan, ispod slike rasističkog grafita:
11:20
"This is disgustingodvratan!
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"To je odvratno!
11:21
UglinessRužnoća in this countryzemlja,
broughtdonio to us by #TrumpAdut."
245
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Rugoba u ovoj zemlji
koju nam je donio #Trump."
11:25
And then the nextSljedeći one is:
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A sljedeći je:
11:27
"CrookedPokvaren HillaryHillary
dedicationposveta pagestranica. DisgustingOdvratno!"
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"Posveta pokvarenoj Hillary. Odvratno!"
11:31
So this ideaideja of "disgustgađenje"
is troublingzabrinjavajući to me.
248
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4207
Mene muči ova ideja "odvratnosti".
11:35
Because you can have an argumentargument
or a disagreementneslaganje about something,
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Jer možete imati prepirku
ili neslaganje o nečemu,
11:38
you can get angryljut at someonenetko.
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1561
možete se na nekoga naljutiti.
11:41
DisgustGađenje, I've heardčuo you say,
takes things to a much deeperdublje levelnivo.
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Odvratnost, kako sam vas čuo,
vodi stvari na puno dublju razinu.
11:44
JHJH: That's right. DisgustGađenje is differentdrugačiji.
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1887
JH: To je točno.
Odvratnost je drukčija.
11:46
AngerBijes -- you know, I have kidsdjeca.
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1963
Ljutnja -- znate, ja imam djecu.
11:48
They fightborba 10 timesputa a day,
254
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1750
Oni se potuku 10 puta dnevno,
11:50
and they love eachsvaki other 30 timesputa a day.
255
698383
1967
a vole jedno drugo 30 puta dnevno.
11:52
You just go back and forthdalje:
you get angryljut, you're not angryljut;
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700374
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Samo idete simo tamo:
naljutite se, odljutite se;
naljutite se, odljutite se.
11:55
you're angryljut, you're not angryljut.
257
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1523
11:56
But disgustgađenje is differentdrugačiji.
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Ali odvratnost je drukčija.
11:58
DisgustGađenje paintsboje the personosoba
as subhumansubhuman, monstrousmonstruozna,
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706189
4473
Odvratnost oslikava osobu
kao nižu vrstu, čudovišnu,
12:02
deformeddeformirani, morallymoralno deformeddeformirani.
260
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1809
deformiranu, moralno deformiranu.
12:04
DisgustGađenje is like indelibleneizbrisiv inktinta.
261
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2424
Odvratnost je kao neizbrisiva tinta.
12:07
There's researchistraživanje from JohnJohn GottmanGottman
on maritalbračno therapyterapija.
262
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3515
Postoji istraživanje Johna Gottmana
o bračnoj terapiji.
12:11
If you look at the faceslica -- if one
of the couplepar showspokazuje disgustgađenje or contemptprezir,
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5125
Ako pogledate lica -- ako jedan član
para pokazuje odvratnost ili prezir,
12:16
that's a predictorprediktor that they're going
to get divorcedrastavljen soonuskoro,
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3096
to je prediktor da će se uskoro rastati,
12:19
whereasdok if they showpokazati angerbijes,
that doesn't predictpredvidjeti anything,
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dok ako pokazuju ljutnju,
to ne predskazuje ništa,
jer ako dobro postupate s ljutnjom
ona je ustvari dobra.
12:22
because if you dealdogovor with angerbijes well,
it actuallyzapravo is good.
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2709
Ovi izbori su drugačiji.
12:25
So this electionizbor is differentdrugačiji.
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12:26
DonaldDonald TrumpAdut personallylično
usesnamjene the wordriječ "disgustgađenje" a lot.
268
734708
3654
Donald Trump osobno
puno koristi riječ "odvratnost".
12:30
He's very germ-sensitiveklice osjetljive,
so disgustgađenje does matterstvar a lot --
269
738386
2857
On je vrlo osjetljiv na bacile
pa je odvratnost jako važna --
12:33
more for him, that's something
uniquejedinstvena to him --
270
741267
3910
više za njega, to je nešto
specifično za njega --
no dok sve više
demoniziramo jedni druge,
12:37
but as we demonizedemonizirati eachsvaki other more,
271
745201
2903
12:40
and again, throughkroz
the ManichaeanManichaean worldviewpogled na svijet,
272
748128
3409
i ponovo, po svjetonazoru maniheizma,
12:43
the ideaideja that the worldsvijet
is a battlebitka betweenizmeđu good and evilzlo
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2730
ideja da je svijet borba
između dobra i zla
12:46
as this has been rampingramping up,
274
754315
1347
dok ovo sve više bjesni,
vjerojatnije je da nećemo samo reći
oni su u krivu ili ne sviđaju mi se,
12:47
we're more likelyVjerojatno not just to say
they're wrongpogrešno or I don't like them,
275
755686
3326
12:51
but we say they're evilzlo, they're satanicsotonske,
276
759036
2536
već kažemo da su zli, sotonski,
oni su odvratni, oni su gnusni.
12:53
they're disgustingodvratan, they're revoltingodvratan.
277
761596
1921
12:55
And then we want nothing to do with them.
278
763541
2866
A onda ne želimo ništa imati s njima.
12:58
And that's why I think we're seeingvidim it,
for exampleprimjer, on campuskampus now.
279
766806
3487
I zato to danas vidimo,
na primjer, u kampusu.
13:02
We're seeingvidim more the urgetjerati
to keep people off campuskampus,
280
770317
2640
Vidimo sve veći poriv
da se ljudi drže dalje od kampusa,
13:04
silencetišina them, keep them away.
281
772981
1945
da se ušutkaju, da ih se drži podalje.
13:06
I'm afraiduplašen that this wholečitav
generationgeneracija of youngmladi people,
282
774950
2595
Bojim se da cijela
ova generacija mladih ljudi,
13:09
if theirnjihov introductionUvod to politicspolitika
involvesuključuje a lot of disgustgađenje,
283
777569
3793
ako njihovo uvođenje u politiku
uključuje mnogo odvratnosti,
13:13
they're not going to want to be involvedumiješan
in politicspolitika as they get olderstariji.
284
781386
3705
oni se neće željeti uključivati
u politiku kada odrastu.
13:17
CACA: So how do we dealdogovor with that?
285
785506
1840
CA: Pa kako da se nosimo s tim?
13:19
DisgustGađenje. How do you defuseublažiti disgustgađenje?
286
787370
4480
Odvratnost. Kako ublažiti odvratnost?
JH: To ne možete argumentima.
13:24
JHJH: You can't do it with reasonsrazlozi.
287
792874
1948
13:27
I think ...
288
795312
1191
Mislim ...
Mnogo godina sam
proučavao odvratnost,
13:30
I studiedstudirao disgustgađenje for manymnogi yearsgodina,
and I think about emotionsemocije a lot.
289
798257
3217
i mnogo razmišljam o emocijama.
13:33
And I think that the oppositesuprotan
of disgustgađenje is actuallyzapravo love.
290
801498
3525
I ja mislim da je suprotnost
odvratnosti ustvari ljubav.
13:37
Love is all about, like ...
291
805764
3091
U ljubavi se radi o, poput ...
13:41
DisgustGađenje is closingzatvaranje off, bordersgranice.
292
809239
2571
Odvratnost je zatvaranje, granica.
13:43
Love is about dissolvingotapanje wallszidovi.
293
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2545
Ljubav je rastvaranje zidova.
Zato su osobni odnosi, mislim,
13:47
So personalosobni relationshipsodnosa, I think,
294
815074
2480
13:49
are probablyvjerojatno the mostnajviše
powerfulsnažan meanssredstva we have.
295
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2759
vjerojatno najsnažnije oružje koje imamo.
13:53
You can be disgustedzgrožen by a groupskupina of people,
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821291
2697
Može vam biti odvratna grupa ljudi,
13:56
but then you meetsastati a particularposebno personosoba
297
824012
1918
a onda upoznate pojedinu osobu
13:57
and you genuinelyiskreno discoverotkriti
that they're lovelylijep.
298
825954
2776
i istinski otkrijete da su dragi.
14:00
And then graduallypostepeno that chipsčips away
or changespromjene your categorykategorija as well.
299
828754
4296
I onda to postepeno nagriza
ili mijenja i vašu kategoriju.
14:06
The tragedytragedija is, AmericansAmerikanci used to be
much more mixedmješovit up in the theirnjihov townsgradovi
300
834016
5977
Tragedija je da su Amerikanci bili
mnogo više izmješani u gradovima
14:12
by left-rightlijevo-desno or politicspolitika.
301
840017
2134
po lijevo- desnom usmjerenju ili politici.
A sada kako je to postala
velika moralna razdjelnica,
14:14
And now that it's becomepostati
this great moralmoralan dividepodijeliti,
302
842175
2331
14:16
there's a lot of evidencedokaz
that we're movingkreće to be nearblizu people
303
844530
3143
ima puno dokaza da se
premještamo bliže ljudima
14:19
who are like us politicallypolitičko.
304
847697
1512
koji su politički slični nama.
14:21
It's harderteže to find somebodyneko
who'stko je on the other sidestrana.
305
849233
2530
Teže je pronaći nekoga
tko je na drugoj strani.
14:23
So they're over there, they're fardaleko away.
306
851787
2290
Oni su tamo preko, oni su daleko.
14:26
It's harderteže to get to know them.
307
854101
1570
Teže ih je upoznati.
14:27
CACA: What would you say to someonenetko
or say to AmericansAmerikanci,
308
855695
4224
CA: Što biste rekli nekome,
recimo Amerikancima,
14:31
people generallyobično,
309
859943
1158
ljudima općenito,
14:33
about what we should understandrazumjeti
about eachsvaki other
310
861125
2609
o tome što bismo trebali
razumjeti jedni o drugima
14:35
that mightmoć help us rethinkpromisliti for a minuteminuta
311
863758
3475
što bi nam pomoglo
da promislimo minutu
14:39
this "disgustgađenje" instinctinstinkt?
312
867257
2203
o tom instinktu "odvratnosti"?
14:42
JHJH: Yes.
313
870086
1152
JH: Da.
14:43
A really importantvažno
thing to keep in mindum --
314
871262
2153
Uistinu važna stvar
koju treba imati na umu --
14:45
there's researchistraživanje by politicalpolitički
scientistnaučnik AlanAlan AbramowitzAbramowitz,
315
873439
4716
postoji istraživanje političkog
znanstvenika Alana Abramowitza
14:50
showingpokazivanje that AmericanAmerički democracydemokratija
is increasinglysve governedupravlja
316
878179
3993
koje pokazuje da američkom
demokracijom sve više upravlja
14:54
by what's calledzvao "negativenegativan partisanshipstrančarenje."
317
882196
2243
nešto što se naziva
"negativno poborništvo".
14:56
That meanssredstva you think,
OK there's a candidatekandidat,
318
884875
3111
To znači, vi mislite,
u redu, postoji kandidat,
15:00
you like the candidatekandidat,
you voteglasanje for the candidatekandidat.
319
888010
2406
sviđa vam se kandidat,
glasate za kandidata.
No, s porastom negativnog oglašavanja
15:02
But with the riseustati of negativenegativan advertisingoglašavanje
320
890440
2059
i društvenih medija
i svih vrsta drugih trendova,
15:04
and socialsocijalni mediamedia
and all sortsvrste of other trendstrendovi,
321
892523
2224
sve više način na koji
se provode izbori
15:06
increasinglysve, the way electionsizbori are doneučinio
322
894771
2041
15:08
is that eachsvaki sidestrana triespokušava to make
the other sidestrana so horribleužasno, so awfulgrozan,
323
896836
3981
je takav da svaka strana
pokušava drugu stranu učiniti
tako užasnom, tako groznom
da ćete glasati
za mog momka po defaultu.
15:12
that you'llvi ćete voteglasanje for my guy by defaultzadani.
324
900841
2041
15:15
And so as we more and more voteglasanje
againstprotiv the other sidestrana
325
903319
2970
I tako, dok mi sve više i više
glasamo protiv druge strane,
15:18
and not for our sidestrana,
326
906313
1331
a ne za našu stranu,
15:19
you have to keep in mindum
that if people are on the left,
327
907668
5507
morate imati na umu da,
ako su ljudi na ljevici,
15:25
they think, "Well, I used to think
that RepublicansRepublikanci were badloše,
328
913199
2910
oni misle, "Prije sam mislio
da su republikanci loši,
a sada to Donald Trump dokazuje.
15:28
but now DonaldDonald TrumpAdut provesdokazuje it.
329
916133
1483
15:29
And now everysvaki RepublicanRepublikanska,
I can paintboja with all the things
330
917640
2851
I sada svakog republikanca
mogu obojati svim stvarima
15:32
that I think about TrumpAdut."
331
920515
1382
koje mislim o Trumpu."
15:33
And that's not necessarilyobavezno truepravi.
332
921921
1593
A to nije nužno istina.
15:35
They're generallyobično not very happysretan
with theirnjihov candidatekandidat.
333
923538
2692
Oni općenito nisu jako zadovoljni
svojim kandidatom.
15:38
This is the mostnajviše negativenegativan partisanshipstrančarenje
electionizbor in AmericanAmerički historypovijest.
334
926254
4716
To su najnegativniji pobornički
izbori u američkoj povijesti.
15:43
So you have to first separateodvojen
your feelingsosjećaji about the candidatekandidat
335
931860
3363
Dakle, prvo morate odvojiti
svoje osjećaje o kandidatu
15:47
from your feelingsosjećaji about the people
who are givendan a choiceizbor.
336
935247
2937
od svojih osjećaja o ljudima
kojima je dan izbor.
15:50
And then you have to realizeostvariti that,
337
938208
2483
I onda morate shvatiti da,
budući da svi mi živimo u
odvojenom moralnom svijetu --
15:53
because we all liveživjeti
in a separateodvojen moralmoralan worldsvijet --
338
941246
2420
15:55
the metaphormetafora I use in the bookrezervirati
is that we're all trappedzarobljena in "The MatrixMatrica,"
339
943690
3451
u knjizi koristim metaforu
da smo svi zarobljeni u "Matrici",
15:59
or eachsvaki moralmoralan communityzajednica is a matrixmatrica,
a consensualdobrovoljni hallucinationhalucinacija.
340
947165
3524
ili da je svaka moralna zajednica
matrica, konsenzualna halucinacija.
16:02
And so if you're withinunutar the blueplava matrixmatrica,
341
950713
2243
Pa tako, ako ste vi u plavoj matrici,
16:04
everything'ssve je completelypotpuno compellinguvjerljiv
that the other sidestrana --
342
952980
3194
sve vas neodoljivo navodi
da je druga strana --
16:08
they're troglodytestroglodytes, they're racistsrasisti,
they're the worstnajgori people in the worldsvijet,
343
956198
3631
oni su trogloditi, oni su rasisti,
oni su najgori ljudi na svijetu,
16:11
and you have all the factsčinjenicama
to back that up.
344
959853
2104
a vi imate sve činjenice
koje to podupiru.
16:13
But somebodyneko in the nextSljedeći housekuća from yourstvoj
345
961981
2275
No, netko u kući do vaše
16:16
is livingživot in a differentdrugačiji moralmoralan matrixmatrica.
346
964280
2033
živi u drugačijoj moralnoj matrici.
16:18
They liveživjeti in a differentdrugačiji videovideo gameigra,
347
966337
1947
Oni žive u drugačijoj video igri,
16:20
and they see a completelypotpuno
differentdrugačiji setset of factsčinjenicama.
348
968308
2378
i vide potpuno drugačiji skup činjenica.
16:22
And eachsvaki one seesvidi
differentdrugačiji threatsprijetnje to the countryzemlja.
349
970710
2676
I svatko vidi drugačije
prijetnje po zemlju.
A ono što sam ja ustanovio,
kao osoba u sredini
16:25
And what I've foundpronađeno
from beingbiće in the middlesrednji
350
973410
2090
koja pokušava razumijeti obje strane,
jest: obje strane su u pravu.
16:27
and tryingtežak to understandrazumjeti bothoba sidesstrane
is: bothoba sidesstrane are right.
351
975524
2927
16:30
There are a lot of threatsprijetnje
to this countryzemlja,
352
978475
2120
Mnogo je prijetnji ovoj zemlji,
a svaka je strana konstitucionalno
nesposobna vidjeti sve njih.
16:32
and eachsvaki sidestrana is constitutionallyUstavom
incapablenesposoban of seeingvidim them all.
353
980619
3485
16:36
CACA: So, are you sayingizreka
that we almostskoro need a newnovi typetip of empathysuosjecanje?
354
984963
6519
CA: Želite li reći da gotovo pa
trebamo novu vrstu empatije?
16:43
EmpathyEmpatija is traditionallytradicionalno framednamješteno as:
355
991506
2170
Empatija se tradicionalno opisuje kao:
"Oh, osjećam tvoju bol.
Mogu se staviti u tvoju kožu."
16:45
"Oh, I feel your painbol.
I can put myselfsebe in your shoescipele."
356
993700
2691
16:48
And we applyprimijeniti it to the poorsiromašan,
the needypotrebite, the sufferingpati.
357
996415
2929
I to primjenjujemo na siromašne,
potrebite, one koji pate.
16:52
We don't usuallyobično applyprimijeniti it
to people who we feel as other,
358
1000023
3823
Obično to ne primjenjujemo
na ljude koje osjećamo kao druge
16:55
or we're disgustedzgrožen by.
359
1003870
1465
ili koji su nam odvratni.
16:57
JHJH: No. That's right.
360
1005359
1151
JH: Ne. To je točno.
16:58
CACA: What would it look like
to buildizgraditi that typetip of empathysuosjecanje?
361
1006534
4830
CA: Kako bi to izgledalo
da izgradimo tu vrstu empatije?
JH: Ustvari, mislim ...
17:04
JHJH: ActuallyZapravo, I think ...
362
1012268
1238
Empatija je vrlo, vrlo
aktualna tema u psihologiji,
17:06
EmpathyEmpatija is a very, very
hotvruće topictema in psychologyPsihologija,
363
1014145
2305
17:08
and it's a very popularpopularan wordriječ
on the left in particularposebno.
364
1016474
2658
i ta je riječ vrlo popularna,
naročito na ljevici.
Empatija je dobra stvar
17:11
EmpathyEmpatija is a good thing, and empathysuosjecanje
for the preferredpoželjna classesklase of victimsžrtve.
365
1019156
4000
i empatija za
preferencijalne klase žrtava.
17:15
So it's importantvažno to empathizesuosjećati
366
1023180
1453
Dakle, važno je osjećati empatiju
17:16
with the groupsgrupe that we on the left
think are so importantvažno.
367
1024657
2824
za grupe koje mi na ljevici
smatramo tako važnima.
17:19
That's easylako to do,
because you get pointsbodova for that.
368
1027505
2531
To je lako jer za to dobivate bodove.
17:22
But empathysuosjecanje really should get you pointsbodova
if you do it when it's hardteško to do.
369
1030442
3649
No empatija bi vam zapravo
trebala donositi bodove
ako je osjećate
kada ju je teško osjećati.
17:26
And, I think ...
370
1034513
1754
I ja mislim ...
17:28
You know, we had a long 50-year-godina periodrazdoblje
of dealingbavljenje with our raceutrka problemsproblemi
371
1036291
5088
Znate, mi smo imali dugo
50-godišnje razdoblje
suočavanja s rasnim problemima
i pravnom diskriminacijom
17:33
and legalpravni discriminationdiskriminacije,
372
1041403
2255
i to je bio naš vrhunski prioritet
dugo vremena
17:35
and that was our topvrh priorityprioritet
for a long time
373
1043682
2187
i još uvijek je važan.
17:37
and it still is importantvažno.
374
1045893
1250
17:39
But I think this yeargodina,
375
1047167
1529
No, mislim da ove godine,
17:40
I'm hopingnadajući it will make people see
376
1048720
2404
nadam se da će ovo
ljude primorati da uvide
17:43
that we have an existentialegzistencijalni
threatprijetnja on our handsruke.
377
1051148
2795
da imamo egistencijalnu
prijetnju na vratu.
17:45
Our left-rightlijevo-desno dividepodijeliti, I believe,
378
1053967
2667
Vjerujem da je naša lijevo-desna podjela
daleko najvažnija podjela
s kojom se suočavamo.
17:48
is by fardaleko the mostnajviše importantvažno
dividepodijeliti we facelice.
379
1056658
2160
17:50
We still have issuespitanja about raceutrka
and genderrod and LGBTLGBT,
380
1058842
3031
Još uvijek imamo probleme u vezi
rase, spola i LGBT,
17:53
but this is the urgenthitan need
of the nextSljedeći 50 yearsgodina,
381
1061897
3371
no ovo je hitna nužda zadnjih 50 godina,
17:57
and things aren'tnisu going
to get better on theirnjihov ownvlastiti.
382
1065292
2861
i stvari se neće popraviti same od sebe.
Zato ćemo morati provesti
mnogo ustavnih reformi
18:01
So we're going to need to do
a lot of institutionalinstitucionalni reformsreforme,
383
1069021
2835
i o tome možemo govoriti,
18:03
and we could talk about that,
384
1071880
1409
no to je cijeli jedan
dugačak i zapetljan razgovor.
18:05
but that's like a wholečitav long,
wonkynejednak conversationrazgovor.
385
1073313
2330
No, ja mislim da to započinje kada
ljudi shvate da je ovo prekretnica.
18:07
But I think it startspočinje with people
realizingrealizirati that this is a turningtokarenje pointtočka.
386
1075667
3846
18:11
And yes, we need a newnovi kindljubazan of empathysuosjecanje.
387
1079537
2809
I da, treba nam nova vrsta empatije.
18:14
We need to realizeostvariti:
388
1082370
1505
Mi moramo shvatiti:
18:15
this is what our countryzemlja needspotrebe,
389
1083899
1542
to je ono što naša zemlja treba
18:17
and this is what you need
if you don't want to --
390
1085465
2354
i to je ono što vi trebate
ako ne želite --
Podignite ruku ako želite
sljedeće četiri godine provesti
18:19
RaisePodići your handruka if you want
to spendprovesti the nextSljedeći fourčetiri yearsgodina
391
1087843
2695
ovako ljuti i zabrinuti kao što
ste bili prošle godine -- dignite ruku.
18:22
as angryljut and worriedzabrinut as you've been
for the last yeargodina -- raisepodići your handruka.
392
1090562
3486
Pa, ako želite od toga pobjeći,
18:26
So if you want to escapepobjeći from this,
393
1094072
1705
čitajte Budu, čitajte Isusa,
čitajte Marka Aurelija.
18:27
readčitati BuddhaBuddha, readčitati JesusIsus,
readčitati MarcusMarcus AureliusAurelije.
394
1095801
2151
18:29
They have all kindsvrste of great advicesavjet
for how to droppad the fearstrah,
395
1097976
5062
Oni imaju gomilu raznih savjeta
kako odagnati strah,
preustrojiti stvari,
18:35
reframereframe things,
396
1103062
1178
prestati druge ljude gledati
kao svoje neprijatelje.
18:36
stop seeingvidim other people as your enemyneprijatelj.
397
1104264
2083
18:38
There's a lot of guidancesmjernice in ancientantički
wisdommudrost for this kindljubazan of empathysuosjecanje.
398
1106371
3307
U drevnoj mudrosti ima mnogo
smjernica za ovu vrstu empatije.
CA: Evo mog zadnjeg pitanja:
18:41
CACA: Here'sOvdje je my last questionpitanje:
399
1109702
1377
Osobno, što ljudi mogu učiniti
da pomognu ozdravljenju?
18:43
PersonallyOsobno, what can
people do to help healliječiti?
400
1111103
4335
18:47
JHJH: Yeah, it's very hardteško to just decideodlučiti
to overcomesavladati your deepestnajdublja prejudicespredrasude.
401
1115462
4083
JH: Vrlo je teško jednostavno odlučiti
prevladati najdublje predrasude.
A postoji i istraživanje koje pokazuje
18:51
And there's researchistraživanje showingpokazivanje
402
1119569
1461
18:53
that politicalpolitički prejudicespredrasude are deeperdublje
and strongerjači than raceutrka prejudicespredrasude
403
1121054
4349
da su političke predrasude dublje
i jače od rasnih predrasuda
18:57
in the countryzemlja now.
404
1125427
1260
danas u našoj zemlji.
18:59
So I think you have to make an effortnapor --
that's the mainglavni thing.
405
1127395
3432
Zato mislim da se morate potruditi --
to je glavna stvar.
19:02
Make an effortnapor to actuallyzapravo meetsastati somebodyneko.
406
1130851
2004
Potrudite se da
stvarno nekoga upoznate.
19:04
EverybodySvi has a cousinrođak, a brother-in-lawzet,
407
1132879
2210
Svatko ima bratića, šogora,
19:07
somebodyneko who'stko je on the other sidestrana.
408
1135113
1869
nekoga tko je na drugoj strani.
19:09
So, after this electionizbor --
409
1137006
1816
Pa, nakon ovih izbora --
pričekajte tjedan ili dva,
19:11
wait a weektjedan or two,
410
1139252
1351
19:12
because it's probablyvjerojatno going to feel
awfulgrozan for one of you --
411
1140627
2836
jer će to vjerojatno teško
pasti jednom od vas --
no pričekajte par tjedana
i onda pružite ruku
19:15
but wait a couplepar weeksTjedni, and then
reachdohvatiti out and say you want to talk.
412
1143487
4152
i kažite da želite razgovarati.
19:19
And before you do it,
413
1147663
1424
Ali prije no što to učinite,
pročitajte Dalea Carnegia
19:21
readčitati DaleDale CarnegieCarnegie, "How to WinPobijediti
FriendsFriends and InfluenceUtjecaj People" --
414
1149111
3145
"Kako steći prijatelje
i utjecati na ljude" --
19:24
(LaughterSmijeh)
415
1152280
1039
(Smijeh)
Potpuno sam ozbiljan.
19:25
I'm totallypotpuno seriousozbiljan.
416
1153343
1167
Naučit ćete metode ako
započnete prihvaćanjem,
19:26
You'llVi ćete learnnaučiti techniquesTehnike
if you startpočetak by acknowledgingPriznajući,
417
1154534
2590
ako započnete govoreći,
19:29
if you startpočetak by sayingizreka,
418
1157148
1161
"Znaš, mi se u mnogo toga
ne slažemo,
19:30
"You know, we don't agreesložiti on a lot,
419
1158333
1670
19:32
but one thing I really respectpoštovanje
about you, UncleUjak BobBob,"
420
1160027
2538
ali jednu stvar zbilja
poštujem kod tebe, ujače Bob,"
ili "... u vezi vas konzervativaca ..."
19:34
or "... about you conservativeskonzervativci, is ... "
421
1162589
2059
I možete pronaći nešto.
19:36
And you can find something.
422
1164672
1334
19:38
If you startpočetak with some
appreciationzahvalnost, it's like magicmagija.
423
1166030
2763
Ako započnete s malo uvažavanja,
to je kao čarolija.
To je jedna od glavnih stvari
koje sam naučio
19:40
This is one of the mainglavni
things I've learnednaučeno
424
1168817
2114
unijeti u svoje međuljudske odnose.
19:42
that I take into my humanljudski relationshipsodnosa.
425
1170955
1913
Još uvijek radim mnogo glupih grešaka
19:44
I still make lots of stupidglup mistakesgreške,
426
1172892
1920
ali sam sada njevjerojatno dobar
u ispričavanju
19:46
but I'm incrediblynevjerojatno good
at apologizingse ispričati now,
427
1174836
2016
19:48
and at acknowledgingPriznajući what
somebodyneko was right about.
428
1176876
2417
i u priznavanju
da je netko bio u pravu.
I ako to učinite,
19:51
And if you do that,
429
1179317
1154
19:52
then the conversationrazgovor goeside really well,
and it's actuallyzapravo really funzabava.
430
1180495
3494
onda razgovor teče zbilja dobro
i ustvari je zabavan.
19:56
CACA: JonJon, it's absolutelyapsolutno fascinatingfascinantan
speakinggovor with you.
431
1184717
2645
CA: Jon, zaista je fascinantno
pričati s tobom.
19:59
It's really does feel like
the groundtlo that we're on
432
1187386
3758
Stvarno se čini da teren
na kojem se nalazimo
20:03
is a groundtlo populatednaseljen by deepduboko questionspitanja
of moralitymoralnost and humanljudski naturepriroda.
433
1191168
4867
je teren napučen dubokim pitanjima
morala i ljudske prirode.
20:08
Your wisdommudrost couldn'tne mogu be more relevantrelevantan.
434
1196366
2424
Tvoja mudrost ne može biti relevantnija.
Puno ti hvala za ovo vrijeme
koje si podijelio s nama.
20:10
Thank you so much for sharingdijeljenje
this time with us.
435
1198814
2295
20:13
JHJH: ThanksHvala, ChrisChris.
436
1201133
1152
JH: Hvala, Chris.
20:14
JHJH: ThanksHvala, everyonesvatko.
437
1202309
1161
JH: Hvala svima.
20:15
(ApplausePljesak)
438
1203494
2000
(Pljesak)
Translated by Djurdjica Ercegovac
Reviewed by Ivan Stamenkovic

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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Jonathan Haidt - Social psychologist
Jonathan Haidt studies how -- and why -- we evolved to be moral and political creatures.

Why you should listen

By understanding more about our moral psychology and its biases, Jonathan Haidt says we can design better institutions (including companies, universities and democracy itself), and we can learn to be more civil and open-minded toward those who are not on our team.

Haidt is a social psychologist whose research on morality across cultures led to his 2008 TED Talk on the psychological roots of the American culture war, and his 2013 TED Talk on how "common threats can make common ground." In both of those talks he asks, "Can't we all disagree more constructively?" Haidt's 2012 TED Talk explored the intersection of his work on morality with his work on happiness to talk about "hive psychology" -- the ability that humans have to lose themselves in groups pursuing larger projects, almost like bees in a hive. This hivish ability is crucial, he argues, for understanding the origins of morality, politics, and religion. These are ideas that Haidt develops at greater length in his book, The Righteous Mind: Why Good People are Divided by Politics and Religion.

Haidt joined New York University Stern School of Business in July 2011. He is the Thomas Cooley Professor of Ethical Leadership, based in the Business and Society Program. Before coming to Stern, Professor Haidt taught for 16 years at the University of Virginia in the department of psychology.

Haidt's writings appear frequently in the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. He was named one of the top global thinkers by Foreign Policy magazine and by Prospect magazine. Haidt received a B.A. in Philosophy from Yale University, and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Pennsylvania.

More profile about the speaker
Jonathan Haidt | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

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