ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus.

Why you should listen

Even the most worldly and well-traveled among us have had their perspectives shifted by Hans Rosling. A professor of global health at Sweden's Karolinska Institute, his work focused on dispelling common myths about the so-called developing world, which (as he pointed out) is no longer worlds away from the West. In fact, most of the Third World is on the same trajectory toward health and prosperity, and many countries are moving twice as fast as the west did.

What set Rosling apart wasn't just his apt observations of broad social and economic trends, but the stunning way he presented them. Guaranteed: You've never seen data presented like this. A presentation that tracks global health and poverty trends should be, in a word: boring. But in Rosling's hands, data sings. Trends come to life. And the big picture — usually hazy at best — snaps into sharp focus.

Rosling's presentations were grounded in solid statistics (often drawn from United Nations and World Bank data), illustrated by the visualization software he developed. The animations transform development statistics into moving bubbles and flowing curves that make global trends clear, intuitive and even playful. During his legendary presentations, Rosling took this one step farther, narrating the animations with a sportscaster's flair.

Rosling developed the breakthrough software behind his visualizations through his nonprofit Gapminder, founded with his son and daughter-in-law. The free software — which can be loaded with any data — was purchased by Google in March 2007. (Rosling met the Google founders at TED.)

Rosling began his wide-ranging career as a physician, spending many years in rural Africa tracking a rare paralytic disease (which he named konzo) and discovering its cause: hunger and badly processed cassava. He co-founded Médecins sans Frontièrs (Doctors without Borders) Sweden, wrote a textbook on global health, and as a professor at the Karolinska Institut in Stockholm initiated key international research collaborations. He's also personally argued with many heads of state, including Fidel Castro.

Hans Rosling passed away in February 2017. He is greatly missed.


More profile about the speaker
Hans Rosling | Speaker | TED.com
Ola Rosling - Director of the Gapminder Foundation
Ola Rosling is the director and co-founder of the Gapminder Foundation. Previously, he was the Google Public Data product manager.

Why you should listen
To fight devastating ignorance, we have to be more systematic about spreading facts that matter. In this talk with Hans Rosling, Ola teaches 4 ways to quickly learn more about the world of facts.
More profile about the speaker
Ola Rosling | Speaker | TED.com
TEDSalon Berlin 2014

Hans and Ola Rosling: How not to be ignorant about the world

汉斯·罗斯林 和 奥拉·罗斯林: 如何不对世界感到无知

Filmed:
5,377,171 views

你对这个世界有多少认识?汉斯·罗斯林带着他著名的全球人口、健康和收入数据表格(还有一根超级长的教学棒),来证明你认为知道的那些事实,在统计中有很大概率是错误的。再配上他的观众测验——然后,从汉斯的儿子奥拉那里,学习4种能快速摆脱变无知的方法。
- Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus. Full bio - Director of the Gapminder Foundation
Ola Rosling is the director and co-founder of the Gapminder Foundation. Previously, he was the Google Public Data product manager. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Hans汉斯 Rosling罗斯林: I'm going to ask you
0
663
2403
汉斯·罗斯林:我会给你们做
00:15
three multiple choice选择 questions问题.
1
3066
1325
三道多项选择题
00:16
Use this device设备. Use this device设备 to answer回答.
2
4391
3731
用这个装置来回答
00:20
The first question is, how did the number
3
8122
2555
第一个问题是 在过去一个世纪里
00:22
of deaths死亡 per year
4
10677
2121
每年因自然灾害
00:24
from natural自然 disaster灾害,
5
12798
1292
死亡的人数
00:26
how did that change更改 during the last century世纪?
6
14090
2601
发生了怎样的变化
00:28
Did it more than double,
7
16691
1379
是翻倍了
00:30
did it remain about the same相同 in the world世界 as a whole整个,
8
18070
2782
还是在全世界范围内总体不变
00:32
or did it decrease减少 to less than half?
9
20852
2374
还是下降了一半呢
00:35
Please answer回答 A, B or C.
10
23226
2404
请选择A B 或C
00:37
I see lots of answers答案. This is much
faster更快 than I do it at universities高校.
11
25630
4100
我已经看到很多人回答了
这比我在大学里做的时候快得多
00:41
They are so slow. They keep
thinking思维, thinking思维, thinking思维.
12
29730
3157
他们动作很慢 他们一直想啊 想啊
00:44
Oh, very, very good.
13
32887
2022
好 很好
00:46
And we go to the next下一个 question.
14
34909
1863
下一个问题
00:48
So how long did women妇女 30 years年份 old
15
36772
2659
在全世界范围内 30岁的女性的
00:51
in the world世界 go to school学校:
16
39431
2096
受教育的年限是
00:53
seven years年份, five years年份 or three years年份?
17
41527
2034
七年 五年还是三年
00:55
A, B or C? Please answer回答.
18
43561
6503
A B 还是C 请回答
01:02
And we go to the next下一个 question.
19
50064
2038
我们看下一个问题
01:04
In the last 20 years年份, how did the percentage百分比
20
52102
3921
过去20年里
01:08
of people in the world世界
21
56023
1827
占世界人口多少百分比的人
01:09
who live生活 in extreme极端 poverty贫穷 change更改?
22
57850
2217
生活在极端贫困中?
01:12
Extreme极端 poverty贫穷 — not having
enough足够 food餐饮 for the day.
23
60067
2561
极端贫困指的是每天填不饱肚子
01:14
Did it almost几乎 double,
24
62628
2061
是几乎翻倍了
01:16
did it remain more or less the same相同,
25
64689
1549
还是基本维持不变
01:18
or did it halve对分?
26
66238
1513
还是减半了?
01:19
A, B or C?
27
67751
4020
A B 或 C
01:23
Now, answers答案.
28
71771
3156
现在 公布答案
01:26
You see,
29
74927
1094
如你所见
01:28
deaths死亡 from natural自然 disasters灾害 in the world世界,
30
76021
1725
全球因自然灾害死亡的人数
01:29
you can see it from this graph图形 here,
31
77746
1922
你可以从这幅图里看到
01:31
from 1900 to 2000.
32
79668
2780
从1900年到2000年
01:34
In 1900, there was about half a million百万 people
33
82448
3255
1900年 每年有接近50万人
01:37
who died死亡 every一切 year from natural自然 disasters灾害:
34
85703
2087
死于自然灾害
01:39
floods洪水, earthquakes地震, volcanic火山
eruption喷发, whatever随你, droughts干旱.
35
87790
5097
洪水 地震 火山喷发 其他 干旱
01:44
And then, how did that change更改?
36
92887
2720
然后 发生了怎样的变化呢
01:47
GapminderGapminder asked the public上市 in Sweden瑞典.
37
95607
3486
Gapminder对瑞典公众进行了调查
01:51
This is how they answered回答.
38
99093
1859
他们是这样回答的
01:52
The Swedish瑞典 public上市 answered回答 like this:
39
100952
1929
瑞典公众的回答是这样的
01:54
Fifty五十 percent百分 thought it had doubled翻倍,
40
102881
1472
50%的人认为翻倍了
01:56
38 percent百分 said it's more or less the same相同,
41
104353
2205
38%的人认为没太大变化
01:58
12 said it had halved减半.
42
106558
2098
12%的人认为减半了
02:00
This is the best最好 data数据 from the disaster灾害 researchers研究人员,
43
108656
2652
对于灾害研究人员来说
这是最理想的数字
02:03
and it goes up and down,
44
111308
2966
然后上下有所浮动
02:06
and it goes to the Second第二 World世界 War战争,
45
114274
2552
然后到了二战
02:08
and after that it starts启动 to fall秋季 and it keeps保持 falling落下
46
116826
3400
之后就开始一路下滑
02:12
and it's down to much less than half.
47
120226
1846
下降至远低于一半
02:14
The world世界 has been much, much more capable
48
122072
2608
这个世界 相比数十年前而言
02:16
as the decades几十年 go by
49
124680
1614
在保护人们免受自然灾害方面
02:18
to protect保护 people from this, you know.
50
126294
2391
的能力已经强了太多
02:20
So only 12 percent百分 of the Swedes瑞典人 know this.
51
128685
2866
只有12%的瑞典人知道这一点
02:23
So I went to the zoo动物园 and I asked the chimps黑猩猩.
52
131551
2491
所以我去了趟动物园
问了黑猩猩同样的问题
02:26
(Laughter笑声) (Applause掌声)
53
134042
9846
(笑声)(掌声)
02:39
The chimps黑猩猩 don't watch the evening晚间 news新闻,
54
147458
3799
黑猩猩才不看晚间新闻
02:43
so the chimps黑猩猩,
55
151257
1458
所以它们
02:44
they choose选择 by random随机, so the
Swedes瑞典人 answer回答 worse更差 than random随机.
56
152715
3432
是随机选择的
所以瑞典人的正确率还不如随机
02:48
Now how did you do?
57
156147
2939
现在来看看你们做的怎样?
02:51
That's you.
58
159086
2962
这是你们的答案
02:54
You were beaten殴打 by the chimps黑猩猩.
59
162048
2225
你们被黑猩猩打败了
02:56
(Laughter笑声)
60
164273
1790
(笑声)
02:58
But it was close.
61
166063
2975
但很接近了
03:01
You were three times better than the Swedes瑞典人,
62
169038
4021
你们的正确率比瑞典人高了三倍
03:05
but that's not enough足够.
63
173059
1243
但这还不够
03:06
You shouldn't不能 compare比较 yourself你自己 to Swedes瑞典人.
64
174302
2582
你们不应该拿自己跟瑞典人比
03:08
You must必须 have higher更高 ambitions野心 in the world世界.
65
176884
3531
你们对于世界的野心肯定不止于此
03:12
Let's look at the next下一个 answer回答 here: women妇女 in school学校.
66
180415
3408
来看下一个答案
女性所受的学校教育
03:15
Here, you can see men男人 went eight years年份.
67
183823
2016
这里 你可以看到男性是八年
03:17
How long did women妇女 go to school学校?
68
185839
1781
女性所受的学校教育年限是?
03:19
Well, we asked the Swedes瑞典人 like this,
69
187620
2749
瑞典人是这么回答的
03:22
and that gives you a hint暗示, doesn't it?
70
190369
2217
你从这里能总结出规律了 是吧
03:24
The right answer回答 is probably大概 the one
71
192586
2362
正确的答案很可能是
03:26
the fewest最少 Swedes瑞典人 picked采摘的, isn't it?
72
194948
2735
最少瑞典人选择的那个 对吧
03:29
(Laughter笑声)
73
197683
1503
(笑声)
03:31
Let's see, let's see. Here we come.
74
199186
2438
咱们来看看 开始
03:33
Yes, yes, yes, women妇女 have almost几乎 caught抓住 up.
75
201624
4401
没错 没错 女性几乎赶上了
03:38
This is the U.S. public上市.
76
206025
3413
这是美国公众的选择
03:41
And this is you. Here you come.
77
209438
3875
然后这里是你们的选择 请看
03:45
Ooh.
78
213313
4012
03:49
Well, congratulations祝贺, you're
twice两次 as good as the Swedes瑞典人,
79
217325
1829
祝贺大家 你们的正确率比瑞典人高一倍
03:51
but you don't need me —
80
219154
2420
但是你们不需要我来
03:53
So how come? I think it's like this,
81
221574
4814
怎么会这样? 我想这是因为
03:58
that everyone大家 is aware知道的 that there are countries国家
82
226388
2722
大家都知道在有些国家
04:01
and there are areas
83
229110
1104
有些地区
04:02
where girls女孩 have great difficulties困难.
84
230214
2138
女孩子们依然处于巨大的困境之中
04:04
They are stopped停止 when they go to school学校,
85
232352
1908
她们不被允许去学校
04:06
and it's disgusting讨厌.
86
234260
2065
这是令人无法接受的
04:08
But in the majority多数 of the world世界,
87
236325
1897
但是在世界上的大部分地方
04:10
where most people in the world世界 live生活,
88
238222
1687
在大部分人生活的地区
04:11
most countries国家, girls女孩 today今天 go to school学校
89
239909
2982
绝大多数国家
女孩子们上学的时间
04:14
as long as boys男孩, more or less.
90
242891
2539
和男孩子们一样长 或多或少
04:17
That doesn't mean that gender性别 equity公平 is achieved实现,
91
245430
2059
这并不意味着男女平等已经实现了
04:19
not at all.
92
247489
2084
完全不是
04:21
They still are confined受限 to terrible可怕, terrible可怕 limitations限制,
93
249573
4541
她们依然受到许多严重的束缚
04:26
but schooling教育 is there in the world世界 today今天.
94
254114
2232
但学校教育已经成为了主流
04:28
Now, we miss小姐 the majority多数.
95
256346
4095
现在 我们忽略了大多数情形
04:32
When you answer回答, you answer回答
according根据 to the worst最差 places地方,
96
260441
3323
当你回答问题时 你以最差的情形为依据
04:35
and there you are right, but you miss小姐 the majority多数.
97
263764
2856
这并不意味着你错了
但是你把大多数情形给忽略了
04:38
What about poverty贫穷?
98
266620
1476
关于贫困呢?
04:40
Well, it's very clear明确 that poverty贫穷 here
99
268096
2903
非常明显
04:42
was almost几乎 halved减半,
100
270999
1775
贫困率几乎减半
04:44
and in U.S., when we asked the public上市,
101
272774
1679
然而在美国 但我们向公众提问时
04:46
only five percent百分 got it right.
102
274453
3984
只有5%的人回答正确
04:50
And you?
103
278437
2869
那你们呢?
04:53
Ah, you almost几乎 made制作 it to the chimps黑猩猩.
104
281306
3858
差一点就跟黑猩猩一样了
04:57
(Laughter笑声) (Applause掌声)
105
285164
2361
(笑声)(掌声)
04:59
That little, just a few少数 of you!
106
287525
5617
一点点 就差你们中的一小部分人!
05:05
There must必须 be preconceived先入为主 ideas思路, you know.
107
293142
3679
先入为主的观念是一定存在的
05:08
And many许多 in the rich丰富 countries国家,
108
296821
1794
很多富裕国家都认为
05:10
they think that oh, we can never end结束 extreme极端 poverty贫穷.
109
298615
3660
我们永远无法消除极端贫困
05:14
Of course课程 they think so,
110
302275
1653
他们当然是这么认为的
05:15
because they don't even know what has happened发生.
111
303928
2964
因为他们根本不知道发生了些什么
05:18
The first thing to think about the future未来
112
306892
2350
想要预知未来
05:21
is to know about the present当下.
113
309242
2021
必须先了解现在
05:23
These questions问题 were a few少数 of the first ones那些
114
311263
3052
以上这些问题是由我们负责的Gapminder基金会
05:26
in the pilot飞行员 phase of the Ignorance无知 Project项目
115
314315
3385
在"无知项目"的试运行阶段
05:29
in GapminderGapminder Foundation基础 that we run,
116
317700
3020
所提出的问题中的一部分
05:32
and it was started开始, this project项目, last year
117
320720
2796
这个项目是在去年 由我的老板
05:35
by my boss老板, and also my son儿子, Ola奥拉 Rosling罗斯林. (Laughter笑声)
118
323516
4406
同时也是我的儿子 奥拉·罗斯林启动的 (笑声)
05:39
He's cofounder联合创始人 and director导向器,
119
327922
1582
他是联合创始人兼总监
05:41
and he wanted, Ola奥拉 told me
120
329504
1544
并且他想要 奥拉告诉我
05:43
we have to be more systematic系统的
121
331048
2560
我们在对抗惊人的无知的战斗中
05:45
when we fight斗争 devastating破坏性的 ignorance无知.
122
333608
1873
需要更具有系统性
05:47
So already已经 the pilots飞行员 reveal揭示 this,
123
335481
2218
试运行结果已经表明
05:49
that so many许多 in the public上市 score得分了 worse更差 than random随机,
124
337699
3210
有许多公众的得分比随机选择还要低
05:52
so we have to think about preconceived先入为主 ideas思路,
125
340909
2083
所以我们不得不对那些先入为主的观点进行思考
05:54
and one of the main主要 preconceived先入为主 ideas思路
126
342992
2028
其中一个主要的观点是
05:57
is about world世界 income收入 distribution分配.
127
345020
1869
关于世界上的收入分配
05:58
Look here. This is how it was in 1975.
128
346889
3831
看这个 这是1975年的数据
06:02
It's the number of people on each income收入,
129
350720
3219
是人均收入的数值
06:05
from one dollar美元 a day —
130
353939
2891
从每天一美元
06:08
(Applause掌声)
131
356830
2451
(掌声)
06:11
See, there was one hump驼峰 here,
132
359281
2075
看 这里有一个高峰
06:13
around one dollar美元 a day,
133
361356
1898
在每天一美元左右
06:15
and then there was one hump驼峰 here
134
363254
1456
然后这里还有一个高峰
06:16
somewhere某处 between之间 10 and 100 dollars美元.
135
364710
2015
大约在10到100美元之间
06:18
The world世界 was two groups.
136
366725
1746
世界上有两大群体
06:20
It was a camel骆驼 world世界, like a camel骆驼 with two humps,
137
368471
3610
像骆驼一样 有两个驼峰
06:24
the poor较差的 ones那些 and the rich丰富 ones那些,
138
372081
2012
穷人和富人
06:26
and there were fewer in between之间.
139
374093
1564
介于两者之间的人较少
06:27
But look how this has changed:
140
375657
2169
但是我们来看看数字是如何变化的
06:29
As I go forward前锋, what has changed,
141
377826
1826
随着时间推移 发生了什么样的变化
06:31
the world世界 population人口 has grown长大的,
142
379652
1656
随着世界人口的增长
06:33
and the humps start开始 to merge合并.
143
381308
2768
两个驼峰开始合并
06:36
The lower降低 humps merged合并的 with the upper hump驼峰,
144
384076
2770
低的驼峰向高的驼峰融合
06:38
and the camel骆驼 dies and we have a dromedary单峰驼 world世界
145
386846
3127
骆驼死了
然后我们得到了一头新的单峰骆驼
06:41
with one hump驼峰 only.
146
389973
2255
只有一个驼峰
06:44
The percent百分 in poverty贫穷 has decreased下降.
147
392228
1924
贫困人口的比例减少了
06:46
Still it's appalling骇人听闻的
148
394152
1577
但是依然很惊人
06:47
that so many许多 remain in extreme极端 poverty贫穷.
149
395729
3201
有这么多人仍然生活在极端贫困中
06:50
We still have this group, almost几乎 a billion十亿, over there,
150
398930
3023
大概还有接近10亿人
06:53
but that can be ended结束 now.
151
401953
3049
但这是可以被终结的
06:57
The challenge挑战 we have now
152
405002
2303
我们现在所面临的挑战是
06:59
is to get away from that,
understand理解 where the majority多数 is,
153
407305
2808
如何摆脱这些观念 去了解大多数人的处境
07:02
and that is very clearly明确地 shown显示 in this question.
154
410113
3244
这一点在以下问题中得到了充分的体现
07:05
We asked, what is the percentage百分比 of the world's世界
155
413357
2233
问 世界上有多少比例的一岁儿童
07:07
one-year-old一岁 children孩子 who have got those
156
415590
1654
接种了那些我们已经使用了多年的
07:09
basic基本 vaccines疫苗 against反对 measles麻疹 and other things
157
417244
2610
对抗麻疹以及其他疾病的
07:11
that we have had for many许多 years年份:
158
419854
1493
疫苗
07:13
20, 50 or 80 percent百分?
159
421347
2022
百分之20 50 还是80?
07:15
Now, this is what the U.S.
public上市 and the Swedish瑞典 answered回答.
160
423369
4073
这是美国和瑞典公众的回答
07:19
Look at the Swedish瑞典 result结果:
161
427442
876
看看瑞典的结果
07:20
you know what the right answer回答 is.
162
428318
2062
你就该知道正确的答案是什么了
07:22
(Laughter笑声)
163
430380
3673
(笑声)
07:26
Who the heck赫克 is a professor教授 of
global全球 health健康 in that country国家?
164
434053
3503
该国有个搞全球健康研究的教授 是谁
07:29
Well, it's me. It's me.
165
437556
1672
好吧 是我
07:31
(Laughter笑声)
166
439228
1962
(笑声)
07:33
It's very difficult, this. It's very difficult.
167
441190
2482
这非常难 非常困难
07:35
(Applause掌声)
168
443672
3098
(掌声)
07:38
However然而, Ola's奥拉的 approach途径
169
446770
3714
然而 奥拉用于
07:42
to really measure测量 what we know made制作 headlines新闻头条,
170
450484
3158
测量我们所知多少的方法 上了头条
07:45
and CNNCNN published发表 these results结果 on their web卷筒纸
171
453642
3063
CNN在网站上公布了调查结果
07:48
and they had the questions问题 there, millions百万 answered回答,
172
456705
2147
有几百万人回答了这些问题
07:50
and I think there were about 2,000 comments注释,
173
458852
3482
然后我记得大概有两千多条评论
07:54
and this was one of the comments注释.
174
462334
2313
其中一条是这么说的
07:56
"I bet赌注 no member会员 of the media媒体
passed通过 the test测试," he said.
175
464647
3544
"我打赌新闻界没人能通过这个测试" 他说
08:00
So Ola奥拉 told me, "Take these devices设备.
176
468191
2639
然后奥拉跟我说"带上这些设备
08:02
You are invited邀请 to media媒体 conferences会议.
177
470830
1705
你被邀请参加的是媒体圈的会议
08:04
Give it to them and measure测量 what the media媒体 know."
178
472535
2277
分给他们 然后测一测新闻界知道多少"
08:06
And ladies女士们 and gentlemen绅士,
179
474812
1924
女士们 先生们
08:08
for the first time, the informal非正式的 results结果
180
476736
2677
首先 是来自一场美国媒体会议上的
08:11
from a conference会议 with U.S. media媒体.
181
479413
3925
非正式结果
08:15
And then, lately最近, from the European欧洲的 Union联盟 media媒体.
182
483338
4886
之后 是来自欧盟媒体的
08:20
(Laughter笑声)
183
488224
1268
(笑声)
08:21
You see, the problem问题 is not that people
184
489492
2205
大家看 问题并不在于
08:23
don't read and listen to the media媒体.
185
491697
1948
人们不读或者不听新闻
08:25
The problem问题 is that the
media媒体 doesn't know themselves他们自己.
186
493645
4219
问题在于连媒体自己都不知道
08:29
What shall we do about this, Ola奥拉?
187
497864
1581
我们对此该怎么办呢 奥拉?
08:31
Do we have any ideas思路?
188
499445
1498
有什么主意吗?
08:32
(Applause掌声)
189
500943
11094
(掌声)
08:44
Ola奥拉 Rosling罗斯林: Yes, I have an idea理念, but first,
190
512037
3709
奥拉·罗斯林:是的 我有个主意 但首先
08:47
I'm so sorry that you were beaten殴打 by the chimps黑猩猩.
191
515746
3815
对于你们被黑猩猩打败 我表示很抱歉
08:51
Fortunately幸好, I will be able能够 to comfort安慰 you
192
519561
2633
幸运的是 我有办法安慰你们
08:54
by showing展示 why it was not your fault故障, actually其实.
193
522194
4559
因为其实这不是你们的错
08:58
Then, I will equip装备 you with some tricks技巧
194
526753
2022
然后 我会给你们提供一些窍门
09:00
for beating跳动 the chimps黑猩猩 in the future未来.
195
528775
2090
以便你们以后能够打败黑猩猩
09:02
That's basically基本上 what I will do.
196
530865
2214
我接下去会做的基本就是这些
09:05
But first, let's look at why are we so ignorant愚昧,
197
533079
2203
首先 来看看为什么我们会如此的无知
09:07
and it all starts启动 in this place地点.
198
535282
2607
一切都始于这个地方
09:09
It's Hudiksvall胡迪克斯瓦尔. It's a city in northern北方 Sweden瑞典.
199
537889
3690
这是胡迪克斯瓦尔 瑞典北部的一座城市
09:13
It's a neighborhood邻里 where I grew成长 up,
200
541579
3797
我在这个地方长大
09:17
and it's a neighborhood邻里 with a large problem问题.
201
545376
3601
这个地方有着一个很大的问题
09:20
Actually其实, it has exactly究竟 the same相同 problem问题
202
548977
1986
实际上 这个地方
09:22
which哪一个 existed存在 in all the neighborhoods社区
203
550963
2609
跟你们从小所居住的那些地方
09:25
where you grew成长 up as well.
204
553572
1348
存在着一模一样的问题
09:26
It was not representative代表. Okay?
205
554920
2662
那就是不具备典型性
09:29
It gave me a very biased view视图
206
557582
2443
他让我对于“其他人是如何生活的”
09:32
of how life is on this planet行星.
207
560025
2348
的看法是带有很强烈的偏见的
09:34
So this is the first piece of the ignorance无知 puzzle难题.
208
562373
2992
所以这是“无知拼图”的第一块
09:37
We have a personal个人 bias偏压.
209
565365
1272
我们有个人偏见
09:38
We have all different不同 experiences经验
210
566637
2113
我们在各自的社区 和我们所遇见的人身上
09:40
from communities社区 and people we meet遇到,
211
568750
1640
所获得经验都是不同的
09:42
and on top最佳 of this, we start开始 school学校,
212
570390
2987
在此之上 我们还会上学
09:45
and we add the next下一个 problem问题.
213
573377
1921
这就带来了下一个问题
09:47
Well, I like schools学校,
214
575298
1144
当然 我喜欢学校
09:48
but teachers教师 tend趋向 to teach outdated过时的 worldviews世界观,
215
576442
5087
但老师们倾向于教授过时的世界观
09:53
because they learned学到了 something
when they went to school学校,
216
581529
2601
因为这些东西是他们上学的时候学到的
09:56
and now they describe描述 this world世界 to the students学生们
217
584130
2553
现在 尽管不带有任何的恶意
09:58
without any bad intentions意图,
218
586683
2206
他们又将这些知识教给了学生
10:00
and those books图书, of course课程, that are printed印刷的
219
588889
2229
还有书 在这个瞬息万变的世界里
10:03
are outdated过时的 in a world世界 that changes变化.
220
591118
2931
那些印刷出来的书 当然也是过时的
10:06
And there is really no practice实践
221
594049
1247
并且没有一个有效的措施
10:07
to keep the teaching教学 material材料 up to date日期.
222
595296
3249
能使教材与时俱进
10:10
So that's what we are focusing调焦 on.
223
598545
1984
所以这就是我们的关注点
10:12
So we have these outdated过时的 facts事实
224
600529
1569
我们知道的是过时的情况
10:14
added添加 on top最佳 of our personal个人 bias偏压.
225
602098
2934
加上我们的个人偏见
10:17
What happens发生 next下一个 is news新闻, okay?
226
605032
2476
接下去就是新闻了 对吧?
10:19
An excellent优秀 journalist记者 knows知道 how to pick
227
607508
2517
一个杰出的记者很清楚
10:22
the story故事 that will make headlines新闻头条,
228
610025
2406
要如何选题才能上头条
10:24
and people will read it because it's sensational轰动的.
229
612431
2599
人们之所以会看是因为它耸人听闻
10:27
Unusual异常 events事件 are more interesting有趣, no?
230
615030
3965
不寻常的事件才更有意思 不是吗?
10:30
And they are exaggerated夸张的,
231
618995
1715
然后他们会夸大其词
10:32
and especially特别 things we're afraid害怕 of.
232
620710
3429
尤其是那些令我们害怕的事情
10:36
A shark鲨鱼 attack攻击 on a Swedish瑞典 person
233
624139
2428
一名瑞典人遭到鲨鱼的攻击
10:38
will get headlines新闻头条 for weeks in Sweden瑞典.
234
626567
3715
这类新闻会在瑞典媒体上保持头条几星期
10:42
So these three skewed偏斜 sources来源 of information信息
235
630282
3719
我们很难摆脱
10:46
were really hard to get away from.
236
634001
3275
这三类歪曲的消息来源
10:49
They kind of bombard轰击 us
237
637276
1631
它们对我们狂轰滥炸
10:50
and equip装备 our mind心神 with a lot of strange奇怪 ideas思路,
238
638907
3806
并且用许多奇怪的观点武装来我们的思维
10:54
and on top最佳 of it we put the very thing
239
642713
2737
在此基础上 再加上一项人类独特的功能
10:57
that makes品牌 us humans人类, our human人的 intuition直觉.
240
645450
5266
我们的直觉
11:02
It was good in evolution演化.
241
650716
2176
直觉对进化是有利的
11:04
It helped帮助 us generalize概括
242
652892
1258
它帮助我们很快的进行
11:06
and jump to conclusions结论 very, very fast快速.
243
654150
2258
归纳和总结
11:08
It helped帮助 us exaggerate夸大 what we were afraid害怕 of,
244
656408
3968
帮助我们夸大我们所惧之事
11:12
and we seek寻求 causality因果关系 where there is none没有,
245
660376
3284
当所惧之事没有发生时
我们就会寻找其中的因果关系
11:15
and we then get an illusion错觉 of confidence置信度
246
663660
4937
然后我们会获得莫名的自信
11:20
where we believe that we are the best最好 car汽车 drivers司机,
247
668597
3006
比如我们都自信自己是最好的司机
11:23
above以上 the average平均.
248
671603
1740
高于平均水平
11:25
Everybody每个人 answered回答 that question,
249
673343
1362
每个人都会回答:
11:26
"Yeah, I drive驾驶 cars汽车 better."
250
674705
1269
没错 我的车开的更好
11:27
Okay, this was good evolutionarily进化,
251
675974
2297
好吧 这对进化来说是件好事
11:30
but now when it comes to the worldview世界观,
252
678271
1833
但是 当涉及到世界观时
11:32
it is the exact精确 reason原因 why it's upside上边 down.
253
680104
2862
这恰恰是导致结论颠倒的原因
11:34
The trends趋势 that are increasing增加 are instead代替 falling落下,
254
682966
2923
有些趋势在上升而不是下降
11:37
and the other way around,
255
685889
1582
有些则相反
11:39
and in this case案件, the chimps黑猩猩
use our intuition直觉 against反对 us,
256
687471
4000
在这个例子中 黑猩猩利用我们的直觉打败了我们
11:43
and it becomes our weakness弱点 instead代替 of our strength强度.
257
691471
3440
并且这逐渐成为了我们的弱点 而不是优势
11:46
It was supposed应该 to be our strength强度, wasn't it?
258
694911
2483
这应该是我们的优势所在的 不是吗?
11:49
So how do we solve解决 such这样 problems问题?
259
697394
2372
那么我们该如何解决这类问题呢?
11:51
First, we need to measure测量 it,
260
699766
1675
首先 我们要进行衡量
11:53
and then we need to cure治愈 it.
261
701441
1402
然后我们再来纠正
11:54
So by measuring测量 it we can understand理解
262
702843
2532
这里指的衡量 是我们能够明白
11:57
what is the pattern模式 of ignorance无知.
263
705375
2324
造成无知的规律是什么
11:59
We started开始 the pilot飞行员 last year,
264
707699
1536
试运行是去年启动的
12:01
and now we're pretty漂亮 sure that we will encounter遭遇
265
709235
2469
现在我们很肯定的是 在全球范围内
12:03
a lot of ignorance无知 across横过 the whole整个 world世界,
266
711704
3581
我们对许多东西是无知的
12:07
and the idea理念 is really to
267
715285
3613
我们的想法是
12:10
scale规模 it up to all domains
268
718898
1977
将此扩展到关系到全球发展的所有领域
12:12
or dimensions尺寸 of global全球 development发展,
269
720875
2548
或者维度
12:15
such这样 as climate气候, endangered濒危 species种类, human人的 rights权利,
270
723423
4082
比如气候 濒危物种 人权
12:19
gender性别 equality平等, energy能源, finance金融.
271
727505
3210
性别平等 能源 金融
12:22
All different不同 sectors行业 have facts事实,
272
730715
2733
每个行业都会有一些真相
12:25
and there are organizations组织 trying to spread传播
273
733448
1596
并有一些组织正在努力扩大
12:27
awareness意识 about these facts事实.
274
735044
1926
大众对于这些真相的认知度
12:28
So I've started开始 actually其实 contacting联系 some of them,
275
736970
3704
所以我联系了其中的一些
12:32
like WWFWWF and Amnesty大赦 International国际 and UNICEF联合国儿童基金会,
276
740674
3341
像世界自然基金会 国际特赦组织
和联合国儿童基金会
12:36
and asking them, what are your favorite喜爱 facts事实
277
744015
2598
我问他们 “有哪些你们所熟知的事
12:38
which哪一个 you think the public上市 doesn't know?
278
746613
1893
你认为公众是不知道的?”
12:40
Okay, I gather收集 those facts事实.
279
748506
1578
好了 我收集到了如下事实
12:42
Imagine想像 a long list名单 with, say, 250 facts事实.
280
750084
3535
想像一下 一张很长的清单
大概列举了250项
12:45
And then we poll轮询 the public上市
281
753619
1299
然后我们对公众进行调查
12:46
and see where they score得分了 worst最差.
282
754918
1937
由此知道哪些项目得分是最低的
12:48
So we get a shorter list名单
283
756855
1346
然后我们获得了一个短一点的清单
12:50
with the terrible可怕 results结果,
284
758201
1056
其结果令人震惊
12:51
like some few少数 examples例子 from Hans汉斯,
285
759257
2549
比如之前汉斯给出的一些例子
12:53
and we have no problem问题 finding发现 these kinds
286
761806
1917
我们可以轻而易举的给出
12:55
of terrible可怕 results结果.
287
763723
1215
这类令人震惊的结果
12:56
Okay, this little shortlist名单, what
are we going to do with it?
288
764938
2845
好了 对于这张短一点的清单
我们可以做些什么?
12:59
Well, we turn it into a knowledge知识 certificate证书,
289
767783
4126
我们把它变成了一张“知识证书”
13:03
a global全球 knowledge知识 certificate证书,
290
771909
1862
一张全球知识证书 可供你使用的
13:05
which哪一个 you can use, if you're a large organization组织,
291
773771
2903
如果你是一个大型组织
13:08
a school学校, a university大学, or maybe a news新闻 agency机构,
292
776674
3755
一所学校 大学 或者新闻通讯社
13:12
to certify证明 yourself你自己 as globally全球 knowledgeable懂行.
293
780429
3628
用来验证你自己具有全球化的知识体系
13:16
Basically基本上 meaning含义, we don't hire聘请 people
294
784057
2963
本质上来说 我们不会聘用
13:19
who score得分了 like chimpanzees黑猩猩.
295
787020
2270
那些得分和黑猩猩一样高的人
13:21
Of course课程 you shouldn't不能.
296
789290
2360
当然 你也不应该
13:23
So maybe 10 years年份 from now,
297
791650
2271
所以也许10年之后
13:25
if this project项目 succeeds成功,
298
793921
1992
如果这个项目获得成功
13:27
you will be sitting坐在 in an interview访问
299
795913
2248
你将不得不在面试中
13:30
having to fill out this crazy global全球 knowledge知识.
300
798161
4206
写出这些全球知识
13:34
So now we come to the practical实际的 tricks技巧.
301
802367
3363
现在我们来谈谈实用的技巧
13:37
How are you going to succeed成功?
302
805730
1904
要如何才能做到?
13:39
There is, of course课程, one way,
303
807634
3579
当然 有一种方法
13:43
which哪一个 is to sit down late晚了 nights
304
811213
1737
就是你通宵达旦的
13:44
and learn学习 all the facts事实 by heart
305
812950
2155
阅读各种报告
13:47
by reading all these reports报告.
306
815105
1768
并把所有的知识点都记在心里
13:48
That will never happen发生, actually其实.
307
816873
2012
实际上 这是不可能发生的
13:50
Not even Hans汉斯 thinks that's going to happen发生.
308
818885
2709
连汉斯都不会相信这种事情会发生
13:53
People don't have that time.
309
821594
1373
人们没那么多时间
13:54
People like shortcuts快捷键, and here are the shortcuts快捷键.
310
822967
3383
人们喜欢捷径 现在 捷径来了
13:58
We need to turn our intuition直觉 into strength强度 again.
311
826350
2774
我们要再次把我们的直觉变成一种优势
14:01
We need to be able能够 to generalize概括.
312
829124
1444
我们要有能力去概括
14:02
So now I'm going to show显示 you some tricks技巧
313
830568
2105
现在我会给向家展示一些技巧
14:04
where the misconceptions误解 are turned转身 around
314
832673
2550
以此将误解转变成为
14:07
into rules规则 of thumb拇指.
315
835223
3208
指导意见
14:10
Let's start开始 with the first misconception误解.
316
838431
2014
我们从第一个误解开始
14:12
This is very widespread广泛.
317
840445
1637
这是一个广泛流传的误解
14:14
Everything is getting得到 worse更差.
318
842082
1866
所有的事都在朝更坏的方向发展
14:15
You heard听说 it. You thought it yourself你自己.
319
843948
3270
你听说过 你自己也是这么想的
14:19
The other way to think is, most things improve提高.
320
847218
3029
从另一个角度想一想
其实大多数事情都在变好
14:22
So you're sitting坐在 with a question in front面前 of you
321
850247
2136
所以当你面前出现了一个问题
14:24
and you're unsure不确定. You should guess猜测 "improve提高."
322
852383
3233
而你不太确定答案时 你应该猜“进步”
14:27
Okay? Don't go for the worse更差.
323
855616
2984
好吗? 别选坏的那个
14:30
That will help you score得分了 better on our tests测试.
324
858600
2363
这会帮助你在我们的测试中获得更高的分数
14:32
(Applause掌声)
325
860963
1216
(掌声)
14:34
That was the first one.
326
862179
4226
这是第一点
14:38
There are rich丰富 and poor较差的
327
866405
1759
穷人和富人之间的
14:40
and the gap间隙 is increasing增加.
328
868164
1466
贫富差距正在拉大
14:41
It's a terrible可怕 inequality不等式.
329
869630
1655
非常的不平等
14:43
Yeah, it's an unequal不等 world世界,
330
871285
2201
是的 这是个不平等的世界
14:45
but when you look at the data数据, it's one hump驼峰.
331
873486
2325
但是当你对照数据时 会发现只有一个驼峰
14:47
Okay? If you feel unsure不确定,
332
875811
1854
对吗? 所以如果你觉得不确定
14:49
go for "the most people are in the middle中间."
333
877665
2753
就选“大部分人在中间”
14:52
That's going to help you get the answer回答 right.
334
880418
1983
这会帮助你正确的回答问题
14:54
Now, the next下一个 preconceived先入为主 idea理念 is
335
882401
3707
现在 下一个先入为主的观点是
14:58
first countries国家 and people need to be very, very rich丰富
336
886108
3625
发达国家和人民需要在非常富裕的情况下
15:01
to get the social社会 development发展
337
889733
2326
社会才能得以发展
15:04
like girls女孩 in school学校 and be ready准备 for natural自然 disasters灾害.
338
892059
3451
例如让女孩子上学 或者抵御自然灾害
15:07
No, no, no. That's wrong错误.
339
895510
1686
不不不 这是错误的
15:09
Look: that huge巨大 hump驼峰 in the middle中间
340
897196
2120
看 处于中间的那一大块驼峰
15:11
already已经 have girls女孩 in school学校.
341
899316
2443
已经解决了女孩上学的问题
15:13
So if you are unsure不确定, go for the
342
901759
2328
所以如果你不确定 就选
15:16
"the majority多数 already已经 have this,"
343
904087
1395
”大部分已经实现了“
15:17
like electricity电力 and girls女孩 in
school学校, these kinds of things.
344
905482
3043
例如电力 女性教育 这一类的问题
15:20
They're only rules规则 of thumb拇指,
345
908525
2216
这些只是指导意见
15:22
so of course课程 they don't apply应用 to everything,
346
910741
2390
所以并不适用于所有情况
15:25
but this is how you can generalize概括.
347
913131
1657
但这能帮你进行总结概括
15:26
Let's look at the last one.
348
914788
1965
我们来看看最后一个
15:28
If something, yes, this is a good one,
349
916753
3301
如果有什么 没错 这张照片很赞
15:32
sharks鲨鱼 are dangerous危险.
350
920054
2173
鲨鱼很危险
15:34
No — well, yes, but they are not so important重要
351
922227
4399
其实不是 话虽不错 但是没那么严重
15:38
in the global全球 statistics统计, that is what I'm saying.
352
926626
2976
从全球的数据来看 这是我想说的
15:41
I actually其实, I'm very afraid害怕 of sharks鲨鱼.
353
929602
2531
其实 我本人非常害怕鲨鱼
15:44
So as soon不久 as I see a question
about things I'm afraid害怕 of,
354
932133
2844
当我看到那些关于我所害怕的东西的提问时
15:46
which哪一个 might威力 be earthquakes地震, other religions宗教,
355
934977
2933
比如地震 其他宗教
15:49
maybe I'm afraid害怕 of terrorists恐怖分子 or sharks鲨鱼,
356
937910
3038
比如我害怕恐怖分子和鲨鱼
15:52
anything that makes品牌 me feel,
357
940948
1159
任何让我感到害怕的东西
15:54
assume承担 you're going to exaggerate夸大 the problem问题.
358
942107
2501
你很有可能会夸大问题的严重性
15:56
That's a rule规则 of thumb拇指.
359
944608
1837
这是指导意见之一
15:58
Of course课程 there are dangerous危险
things that are also great.
360
946445
2159
当然 有些危险的事物确实会造成严重的后果
16:00
Sharks鲨鱼 kill very, very few少数.
That's how you should think.
361
948604
3585
因鲨鱼致死的人非常少
这才是你应有的思维方式
16:04
With these four rules规则 of thumb拇指,
362
952189
3738
有了以上四条技巧
16:07
you could probably大概 answer回答 better than the chimps黑猩猩,
363
955927
3360
你很有可能会取得比黑猩猩更好的成绩
16:11
because the chimps黑猩猩 cannot不能 do this.
364
959287
1954
因为黑猩猩无法做到这些
16:13
They cannot不能 generalize概括 these kinds of rules规则.
365
961241
2603
他们无法总结概括这些技巧
16:15
And hopefully希望 we can turn your world世界 around
366
963844
4012
希望我们能够改变你的世界
16:19
and we're going to beat击败 the chimps黑猩猩. Okay?
367
967856
2835
然后我们一起来打败黑猩猩 好吗
16:22
(Applause掌声)
368
970691
3921
(掌声)
16:31
That's a systematic系统的 approach途径.
369
979160
2088
这是一个系统的方法
16:33
Now the question, is this important重要?
370
981248
2564
那么现在问题来了 这很重要吗
16:35
Yeah, it's important重要 to understand理解 poverty贫穷,
371
983812
2726
是的 这对理解贫穷
16:38
extreme极端 poverty贫穷 and how to fight斗争 it,
372
986538
3247
极端贫穷 以及如何与之斗争很重要
16:41
and how to bring带来 girls女孩 in school学校.
373
989785
2045
以及如何让女孩子们上学
16:43
When we realize实现 that actually其实 it's
succeeding下一, we can understand理解 it.
374
991830
4340
当意识到这些问题实际正在改善时
我们才能理解这些问题本身
但是 会有人在意处于富裕一端的人吗
16:48
But is it important重要 for everyone大家 else其他
375
996170
1812
16:49
who cares管它 about the rich丰富 end结束 of this scale规模?
376
997982
2454
这很重要吗
16:52
I would say yes, extremely非常 important重要,
377
1000436
2044
我想说是的 非常非常重要
16:54
for the same相同 reason原因.
378
1002480
1509
同样的理由
16:55
If you have a fact-based以事实为依据 worldview世界观 of today今天,
379
1003989
3065
如果你对当今世界的认知是基于事实的
16:59
you might威力 have a chance机会 to understand理解
380
1007054
1618
那么你才可能会有机会去预测
17:00
what's coming未来 next下一个 in the future未来.
381
1008672
1754
将来会发生什么
17:02
We're going back to these two humps in 1975.
382
1010426
2438
我们回过头来看1975年的这两个峰值
17:04
That's when I was born天生,
383
1012864
1350
也就是我刚出生的时候
17:06
and I selected the West西.
384
1014214
3019
我选择了西方国家
17:09
That's the current当前 EU欧洲联盟 countries国家 and North America美国.
385
1017233
4183
也就是现在的欧盟和北美国家
17:13
Let's now see how the rest休息 and the West西 compares比较
386
1021416
3383
我们来看看其他地区和西方国家的比较
17:16
in terms条款 of how rich丰富 you are.
387
1024799
2081
关于富裕程度
17:18
These are the people who can afford给予
388
1026880
2251
这些是能够负担得起
17:21
to fly abroad国外 with an airplane飞机 for a vacation假期.
389
1029131
3578
坐飞机出国度假的人
17:24
In 1975, only 30 percent百分 of them lived生活
390
1032709
3308
1975年的时候 只有30%的人
17:28
outside EU欧洲联盟 and North America美国.
391
1036017
2967
是住在欧盟和北美以外的地区
17:30
But this has changed, okay?
392
1038984
2329
但是情况已经变了
17:33
So first, let's look at the change更改 up till直到 today今天, 2014.
393
1041313
4743
首先 我们来看看当今的情况 2014年
17:38
Today今天 it's 50/50.
394
1046056
1388
现在是一半一半
17:39
The Western西 domination统治 is over, as of today今天.
395
1047444
3681
西方国家的统治在当今已经不复存在了
17:43
That's nice不错. So what's going to happen发生 next下一个?
396
1051125
2199
很好 那么接下去会发生什么呢?
17:45
Do you see the big hump驼峰? Did you see how it moved移动?
397
1053324
3243
你看到那个高峰了吗? 你看到它是如何变化的吗?
17:48
I did a little experiment实验. I went to the IMF国际货币基金组织,
International国际 Monetary货币 Fund基金, website网站.
398
1056567
6031
我做了一个小试验
我查看了国际货币基金组织的网站
17:54
They have a forecast预测 for the next下一个
five years年份 of GDPGDP per capita人头.
399
1062598
4163
他们对今后五年的GDP做了一个预测
17:58
So I can use that to go five years年份 into the future未来,
400
1066761
3017
所以我可以借此来推测未来5年的变化
18:01
assuming假设 the income收入 inequality不等式
of each country国家 is the same相同.
401
1069778
3335
假设各国的贫富差距保持不变
18:05
I did that, but I went even further进一步.
402
1073113
1927
除此以外 我还做了进一步的预测
18:07
I used those five years年份 for the next下一个 20 years年份
403
1075040
3178
我用未来5年的数据对未来20年做了预测
18:10
with the same相同 speed速度, just as an
experiment实验 what might威力 actually其实 happen发生.
404
1078218
5277
同样的变化速度
就像一个实际很可能会发生的试验一样
18:15
Let's move移动 into the future未来.
405
1083495
1367
让我们移步未来
18:16
In 2020, it's 57 percent百分 in the rest休息.
406
1084862
5220
2020年 57%来自非西方国家
18:22
In 2025, 63 percent百分.
407
1090082
3036
2025年 63%
18:25
2030, 68. And in 2035, the West西 is
outnumbered寡不敌众 in the rich丰富 consumer消费者 market市场.
408
1093118
9237
2030年 68% 到了2035年
西方国家在富裕消费者市场中的比例被赶超
18:34
These are just projections预测 of
GDPGDP per capita人头 into the future未来.
409
1102355
3347
这些仅仅是针对未来的GDP所作出的推测
18:37
Seventy-three七十三 percent百分 of the rich丰富 consumers消费者
410
1105702
2355
73%的富裕消费者
18:40
are going to live生活 outside North America美国 and Europe欧洲.
411
1108057
3618
将居住在北美和欧洲以外的地区
18:43
So yes, I think it's a good idea理念 for
a company公司 to use this certificate证书
412
1111675
4198
所以没错 我认为公司应该用“知识证书”
18:47
to make sure to make fact-事实-
based基于 decisions决定 in the future未来.
413
1115873
3407
来确保未来能作出基于事实的决策
18:51
Thank you very much.
414
1119280
1476
非常感谢
18:52
(Applause掌声)
415
1120756
2501
(掌声)
19:00
Bruno布鲁诺 Giussani吉萨尼: Hans汉斯 and Ola奥拉 Rosling罗斯林!
416
1128184
2052
Translated by Lea Zhang
Reviewed by Michael Ge 葛叔

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus.

Why you should listen

Even the most worldly and well-traveled among us have had their perspectives shifted by Hans Rosling. A professor of global health at Sweden's Karolinska Institute, his work focused on dispelling common myths about the so-called developing world, which (as he pointed out) is no longer worlds away from the West. In fact, most of the Third World is on the same trajectory toward health and prosperity, and many countries are moving twice as fast as the west did.

What set Rosling apart wasn't just his apt observations of broad social and economic trends, but the stunning way he presented them. Guaranteed: You've never seen data presented like this. A presentation that tracks global health and poverty trends should be, in a word: boring. But in Rosling's hands, data sings. Trends come to life. And the big picture — usually hazy at best — snaps into sharp focus.

Rosling's presentations were grounded in solid statistics (often drawn from United Nations and World Bank data), illustrated by the visualization software he developed. The animations transform development statistics into moving bubbles and flowing curves that make global trends clear, intuitive and even playful. During his legendary presentations, Rosling took this one step farther, narrating the animations with a sportscaster's flair.

Rosling developed the breakthrough software behind his visualizations through his nonprofit Gapminder, founded with his son and daughter-in-law. The free software — which can be loaded with any data — was purchased by Google in March 2007. (Rosling met the Google founders at TED.)

Rosling began his wide-ranging career as a physician, spending many years in rural Africa tracking a rare paralytic disease (which he named konzo) and discovering its cause: hunger and badly processed cassava. He co-founded Médecins sans Frontièrs (Doctors without Borders) Sweden, wrote a textbook on global health, and as a professor at the Karolinska Institut in Stockholm initiated key international research collaborations. He's also personally argued with many heads of state, including Fidel Castro.

Hans Rosling passed away in February 2017. He is greatly missed.


More profile about the speaker
Hans Rosling | Speaker | TED.com
Ola Rosling - Director of the Gapminder Foundation
Ola Rosling is the director and co-founder of the Gapminder Foundation. Previously, he was the Google Public Data product manager.

Why you should listen
To fight devastating ignorance, we have to be more systematic about spreading facts that matter. In this talk with Hans Rosling, Ola teaches 4 ways to quickly learn more about the world of facts.
More profile about the speaker
Ola Rosling | Speaker | TED.com