ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aditi Gupta - Social entrepreneur, co-founder of Menstrupedia
Aditi Gupta uses storytelling and art to educate young girls about menstruation.

Why you should listen

Aditi Gupta is a social entrepreneur and co-founder of Menstrupedia, working towards spreading awareness about menstruation. While studying at the National Institute of Design as a Ford Foundation research scholar, she has conducted extensive research in understanding the scenario of menstrual unawareness in India and its impact on a girl's life. She has designed effective educational tools for girls and schools using storytelling and sequential art for educating young girls about periods in a society where the subject is a major taboo.

Menstrupedia Comic is a complete guide on periods designed by Menstrupedia team being used by more than 30 schools across India. The books are being distributed in other countries like Nepal, South America and Nigeria.

Gupta is a World Economic Forum Global Shaper and made it to the achiever's list of Forbes India 30 under 30 in 2014 for her work towards breaking the taboo around menstruation. She is a International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) alumni. Her work has been featured in The Wall Street Journal, Reuters, CNBC and BBC. She aspires to create a future where menstruation is not a taboo but a welcoming change in a girl's life.

More profile about the speaker
Aditi Gupta | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxGatewayWomen

Aditi Gupta: A taboo-free way to talk about periods

阿迪提·古普塔: 谈论生理期不再是禁忌

Filmed:
1,676,262 views

确实,谈论经期会让很多人不舒服。这种禁忌有它的后果:在印度十分之三的女孩甚至在她们第一次月经时不知道月经是什么,各种有关月经的习俗限制造成了对年轻女孩的心理伤害。同这种禁忌一起长大的阿迪提·古普塔希望女孩,父母和老师谈论经期时可以更加舒服,不再需要怀着羞耻。她分享了她是如何做到的。
- Social entrepreneur, co-founder of Menstrupedia
Aditi Gupta uses storytelling and art to educate young girls about menstruation. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Periods.
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例假
00:14
Blood血液.
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出血
00:15
Menstruation经期.
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月经
00:17
Gross.
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不雅
00:19
Secret秘密.
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秘密
00:20
Hidden.
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遮掩
00:22
Why?
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为什么会这样呢?
00:24
A natural自然 biological生物 process处理
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作为一种自然的生理规律
00:26
that every一切 girl女孩 and woman女人
goes through通过 every一切 month
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每个女孩和妇女在其一生中
有一半的时间
00:30
for about half of her life.
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每个月都会经历例假。
00:32
A phenomenon现象 that is so significant重大
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这个现象如此重要
00:35
that the survival生存 and propagation传播
of our species种类 depends依靠 on it.
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以至于全人类的生存
和繁衍都要依赖于它。
00:40
Yet然而 we consider考虑 it a taboo忌讳.
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然而我们却视它为禁忌。
00:43
We feel awkward尴尬
and shameful可耻 talking about it.
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我们谈论它时感到尴尬和羞耻。
00:47
When I got my first periods,
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我第一次来例假时,
00:49
I was told to keep it
a secret秘密 from others其他 --
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别人告诉我
不要将这件事告诉任何人
00:52
even from my father父亲 and brother哥哥.
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哪怕是爸爸和哥哥。
00:55
Later后来 when this chapter章节
appeared出现 in our textbooks教科书,
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后来在教科书上
出现了有关例假的章节,
00:58
our biology生物学 teacher老师 skipped跳过 the subject学科.
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但是生物老师直接跳过了内容。
01:00
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:04
You know what I learned学到了 from it?
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你知道我学到了什么吗?
01:06
I learned学到了 that it is really
shameful可耻 to talk about it.
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我学到了谈论例假
是非常羞耻的事。
01:10
I learned学到了 to be ashamed羞愧 of my body身体.
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我学到了为自己的身体感到羞耻
01:12
I learned学到了 to stay unaware不知道 of periods
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我学到了为了保持体面就得
01:15
in order订购 to stay decent正经.
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假装不知道例假这件事。
01:18
Research研究 in various各个 parts部分 of India印度
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印度各地的调查显示
01:20
shows节目 that three out of every一切 10 girls女孩
are not aware知道的 of menstruation经期
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十分之三的女孩第一次来例假时
01:25
at the time of their first periods.
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并不了解它。
01:27
And in some parts部分 of Rajasthan拉贾斯坦邦
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在拉贾斯坦邦的一些地区
01:29
this number is as high as nine
out of 10 girls女孩 being存在 unaware不知道 of it.
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这一比例高达十分之九。
01:34
You'd be surprised诧异 to know
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你可能会感到惊讶
01:36
that most of the girls女孩
that I have spoken to,
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大多数我接触过的女孩
01:38
who did not know about periods
at the time of their first menstruation经期
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在第一次来例假时
不知道例假是什么,
01:42
thought that they have got blood血液 cancer癌症
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她们以为她们得了血癌
01:44
and they're going to die soon不久.
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马上就要死了。
01:48
Menstrual月经 hygiene卫生
is a very important重要 risk风险 factor因子
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经期卫生是导致女性生殖道感染
01:51
for reproductive生殖 tract管道 infections感染.
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的重要风险因素。
01:55
But in India印度, only 12 percent百分
of girls女孩 and women妇女
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但在印度
只有12%的女孩和妇女
01:58
have access访问 to hygienic卫生 ways方法
of managing管理的 their periods.
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拥有卫生的例假处理方式。
02:02
If you do the math数学,
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换句话说
02:04
88 percent百分 of girls女孩 and women妇女 use
unhygienic不卫生 ways方法 to manage管理 their periods.
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88%的女孩和妇女
处理例假的方式都不卫生。
02:09
I was one of them.
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我就是其中之一。
02:11
I grew成长 up in a small town
called GarhwaGarhwa, in Jharkhand恰尔肯德邦,
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我在拉贾斯坦邦的
一个叫做加瓦的小镇长大
02:14
where even buying购买 a sanitary卫浴 napkin餐巾
is considered考虑 shameful可耻.
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在那里甚至买卫生棉都很丢脸。
02:18
So when I started开始 getting得到 my periods,
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所以当我来例假的时候,
02:20
I began开始 with using运用 rags碎布.
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使用的都是布条。
02:24
After every一切 use
I would wash and reuse重用 them.
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使用完我会清洗再利用。
02:27
But to store商店 them,
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但是我得
02:28
I would hide隐藏 and keep it
in a dark黑暗, damp潮湿 place地点
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找一个阴暗潮湿的地方把它藏起来,
02:31
so that nobody没有人 finds认定 out
that I'm menstruating月经.
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这样就没人知道我在生理期了。
02:34
Due应有 to repeated重复 washing洗涤
the rags碎布 would become成为 coarse,
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因为反复清洗布条变得粗糙,
02:37
and I would often经常 get rashes皮疹
and infections感染 using运用 them.
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我常常得皮疹和感染。
02:40
I wore穿着 these already已经 for five years年份
until直到 I moved移动 out of that town.
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在离开了小镇之前,五年来我
一直用这样的方式处理例假。
02:47
Another另一个 issue问题
that periods brought in my life
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另外一个例假带来的不便,
02:50
those of the social社会 restrictions限制
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是社会强加在
02:52
that are imposed征收 upon our girls女孩
and women妇女 when they're on their periods.
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月经期的女孩和妇女的一些限制。
02:56
I think you all must必须 be aware知道的 of it,
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我想大家都有所耳闻,
02:59
but I'll still list名单 it
for the few少数 who don't.
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我将为那些不知道的人一一列举。
03:02
I was not allowed允许 to touch触摸 or eat pickles泡菜.
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我不能碰也不能吃腌菜,
03:05
I was not allowed允许 to sit on the sofa沙发
or some other family家庭 member's会员 bed.
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我不能坐在沙发上
也不能坐在其他家庭成员的床上
03:10
I had to wash my bed sheet
after every一切 period,
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每次例假结束我都要清洗床单,
03:13
even if it was not stained染色.
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即使床单上没有污渍。
03:15
I was considered考虑 impure不纯
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我被认定是不洁之人
03:17
and forbidden被禁止 from worshipping崇拜 or touching接触
any object目的 of religious宗教 importance重要性.
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不允许参拜或触摸任何宗教物品。
03:22
You'll你会 find signposts路标 outside temples寺庙
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不允许经期女性进入庙宇
03:25
denying否认 the entry条目
of menstruating月经 girls女孩 and women妇女.
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的警示牌随处可见。
03:29
Ironically讽刺地,
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讽刺的是,
03:30
most of the time it is the older旧的 woman女人
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这些限制往往是家族中
03:33
who imposes强加 such这样 restrictions限制
on younger更年轻 girls女孩 in a family家庭.
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年纪较大的女性
强加到年轻女性身上的。
03:38
After all, they have grown长大的 up
accepting验收 such这样 restrictions限制 as norms规范.
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毕竟随她们长大她们接受这些限制
并且将其当成标准。
03:42
And in the absence缺席 of any intervention介入,
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在没有任何干预的情况下
03:45
it is the myth神话 and misconception误解
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这样的传播和误解
03:47
that propagate传播
from generation to generation.
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一代一代的传播下来。
03:51
During my years年份 of work in this field领域,
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在我研究这几年的研究中
03:53
I have even come across横过 stories故事
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我甚至听到过
03:54
where girls女孩 have to eat
and wash their dishes碗碟 separately分别.
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女孩需要单独吃饭和洗碗
这样的故事
03:58
They're not allowed允许
to take baths during periods,
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她们在经期不允许洗澡,
04:00
and in some households they are even
secluded from other family家庭 members会员.
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有的家庭甚至把她们关起来
以防和其他家庭成员接触。
04:05
About 85 percent百分 of girls女孩
and women妇女 in India印度
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在印度大约85%的女性
04:09
would follow跟随 one or more restrictive限制
customs海关 on their periods every一切 month.
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在例假期间都会至少遵循
一条这些限制性的习俗
04:15
Can you imagine想像 what this does
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你能想象这对一个年轻女孩
04:16
to the self-esteem自尊
and self-confidence自信心 of a young年轻 girl女孩?
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的自尊和自信产生什么样的影响吗?
04:20
The psychological心理 trauma外伤
that this inflicts对敌人造成,
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这造成的心理创伤
04:23
affecting影响 her personality个性,
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可以影响女孩的性格
04:26
her academic学术的 performance性能
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学习成绩
04:27
and every一切 single aspect方面 of growing生长 up
during her early formative形成性 years年份?
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和在早年性格形成过程中
每个方面的成长。
04:33
I religiously宗教 followed其次 all these
restrictive限制 customs海关 for 13 years年份,
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我虔诚地遵循了13年的习俗
04:38
until直到 a discussion讨论 with my partner伙伴, TuhinTuhin,
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直到我和一个叫图新的朋友聊天
04:40
changed my perception知觉
about menstruation经期 forever永远.
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让我永久的改变了对生理期的看法。
04:44
In 2009, TuhinTuhin and I were pursuing追求
our postgraduation毕业后 in design设计.
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2009年图新和我
都在读设计专业研究生。
04:49
We fell下跌 in love with each other
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我们彼此相爱
04:51
and I was at ease缓解
discussing讨论 periods with him.
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我和他谈论经期也比较自在。
04:54
TuhinTuhin knew知道 little about periods.
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图新不懂例假。
04:57
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
05:03
He was astonished惊讶 to know
that girls女孩 get painful痛苦 cramps抽筋
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当他知道女孩每个月有月经
甚至还要流血时
05:07
and we bleed流血 every一切 month.
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震惊不已。
05:08
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
05:11
Yeah.
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是的。
05:12
He was completely全然 shocked吃惊 to know
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当他知道经期女性
05:14
about the restrictions限制 that are imposed征收
upon menstruating月经 girls女孩 and women妇女
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受到的家庭和社会
强加的种种限制后
05:19
by their own拥有 families家庭 and their society社会.
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更加震惊不已。
05:22
In order订购 to help me with my cramps抽筋,
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为了帮助我更好的度过月经
05:24
he would go on the Internet互联网
and learn学习 more about menstruation经期.
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他会去搜索网络
学习更多经期知识
05:28
When he shared共享 his findings发现 with me,
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当他和我分享月经知识的时候
05:30
I realized实现 how little I knew知道
about menstruation经期 myself.
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我才意识到自己对月经知之甚少。
05:33
And many许多 of my beliefs信仰
actually其实 turned转身 out to be myths神话.
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很多我之前所相信的都是假的。
05:38
That's when we wondered想知道:
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我们怀疑:
05:39
if we, being存在 so well educated博学,
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如果我们作为受过高等教育的人,
05:42
were so ill-informed灵通 about menstruation经期,
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都对月经知之甚少,
05:44
there would be millions百万 of girls女孩 out there
who would be ill-informed灵通, too.
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其它数百万的女孩知道的就更少了。
05:49
To study研究 --
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为了研究
05:51
to understand理解 the problem问题 better,
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为了更好地研究这个问题,
05:52
I undertook承诺 a year-long一年之久 research研究 to study研究
the lack缺乏 of awareness意识 about menstruation经期
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我用了一年的时间来
研究为什么月经问题一直被忽视
05:57
and the root cause原因 behind背后 it.
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和根植于背后的问题。
05:59
While it is generally通常 believed相信
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为什么大家普遍认为
06:01
that menstrual月经 unawareness不了解
and misconception误解 is a rural乡村 phenomenon现象,
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对于月经的忽视和误解
是一个农村问题。
06:07
during my research研究,
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在我的研究过程中,
06:08
I found发现 that it is as much
an urban城市的 phenomenon现象 as well.
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我发现它也是城市问题。
06:11
And it exists存在 with the educated博学
urban城市的 class, also.
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它在城市
受过良好教育的人群里也存在着。
06:17
While talking to many许多
parents父母 and teachers教师,
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通过和许多家长和老师的讨论
06:19
I found发现 that many许多 of them actually其实
wanted to educate教育 girls女孩 about periods
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我发现他们中很多人
实际上希望在女孩的月经来临前
06:25
before they have started开始
getting得到 their menstrual月经 cycle周期.
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告诉她月经的知识。
06:28
And --
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06:30
but they lacked缺乏
the proper正确 means手段 themselves他们自己.
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但是他们缺乏合适的方法。
06:33
And since以来 it is a taboo忌讳,
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因为这是一个禁忌,
06:34
they feel inhibition抑制
and shameful可耻 in talking about it.
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他们在谈论
它的时候感觉压抑和羞耻。
06:38
Girls女孩 nowadays如今 get their periods
in classes six and seven,
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现在女孩子大多在
六年级七年级开始来月经,
06:43
but our educational教育性 curriculum课程
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但是我们的教育课程
06:45
teaches girls女孩 about periods
only in standard标准 eight and nine.
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在八,九年级的时候
才正式的讲月经的知识。
06:49
And since以来 it is a taboo忌讳,
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而且正因为它是禁忌,
06:52
teachers教师 still
skip跳跃 the subject学科 altogether.
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老师们一起仍然跳过这些内容。
06:56
So school学校 does not
teach girls女孩 about periods,
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所以学校不告诉女孩经期知识,
07:01
parents父母 don't talk about it.
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家长们也不谈论这些。
07:03
Where do the girls女孩 go?
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那些女孩怎么办呢?
07:05
Two decades几十年 ago and now --
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20年来直到今天
07:09
nothing has changed.
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一直都是这样。
07:12
I shared共享 these finding发现 with TuhinTuhin
and we wondered想知道:
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我和图新分享了
这些发现之后我们认为
07:14
What if we could create创建 something
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我们应该创造一些东西
07:16
that would help girls女孩 understand理解
about menstruation经期 on their own拥有 --
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来帮助女孩了解他们自己的生理期,
07:21
something that would help
parents父母 and teachers教师
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创造一些能够帮助家长和老师
07:25
talk about periods
comfortably舒服 to young年轻 girls女孩?
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更舒服地和孩子们谈论生理期的东西。
07:29
During my research研究,
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在我的研究中,
07:31
I was collecting搜集 a lot of stories故事.
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我收集了很多故事。
07:33
These were stories故事 of experiences经验
of girls女孩 during their periods.
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这些女孩们在她们经期时的经验故事
07:38
These stories故事 would make girls女孩
curious好奇 and interested有兴趣
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让其他女孩在这个
属于她们自己的圈子里
07:42
in talking about menstruation经期
in their close circle.
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好奇并感兴趣地谈论这个问题。
07:46
That's what we wanted.
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这就是我们想要的。
07:47
We wanted something
that would make the girls女孩 curious好奇
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我们想让女孩通过好奇心的驱使
07:50
and drive驾驶 them to learn学习 about it.
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去学习月经知识。
07:53
We wanted to use these stories故事
to teach girls女孩 about periods.
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我们希望用这些故事
来告诉女孩什么事例假。
07:57
So we decided决定 to create创建 a comic滑稽 book,
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所以我们决定写一本漫画书,
08:00
where the cartoon动画片 characters人物
would enact制定 these stories故事
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里面的卡通角色演绎了这些故事
08:03
and educate教育 girls女孩 about menstruation经期
in a fun开玩笑 and engaging way.
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并用风趣迷人的方式
告诉女孩子们生理期的知识。
08:08
To represent代表 girls女孩
in their different不同 phases of puberty青春期,
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为了给不同青春期阶段的女孩
更好地展示,
08:11
we have three characters人物.
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我们有三个人物。
08:13
PinkiPinki, who has not gotten得到 her period yet然而,
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平吉,她还没有开始例假,
08:16
Jiya急呀 who gets得到 her period
during the narrative叙述 of the book
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吉雅,她在这本书的叙述中
开始了例假,
08:20
and Mira米拉 who has already已经
been getting得到 her period.
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还有米娅,她已经开始了例假。
08:23
There is a fourth第四 character字符, Priya普里亚 Didi迪迪.
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还有第四个角色,皮里亚·迪迪。
08:26
Through通过 her, girls女孩 come to know
about the various各个 aspects方面 of growing生长 up
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通过她女孩们知道
人体成长的方方面面
08:29
and menstrual月经 hygiene卫生 management管理.
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和经期卫生管理知识。
08:32
While making制造 the book, we took great care关心
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在制作这本书的过程中,
08:34
that none没有 of the illustrations插图
were objectionable令人反感 in any way
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我们确保每一张插画都不会引起读者的反感
08:38
and that it is culturally文化 sensitive敏感.
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和文化的敏感。
08:41
During our prototype原型 testing测试,
we found发现 that the girls女孩 loved喜爱 the book.
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在我们第一版书的测试中
我们发现女孩很爱这本书。
08:45
They were keen敏锐 on reading it
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她们急不可待地读
08:46
and knowing会心 more and more
about periods on their own拥有.
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知道了越来越多
她们自己的经期的知识。
08:50
Parents父母 and teachers教师 were
comfortable自在 in talking about periods
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家长和老师使用这本书
给女孩们讲经期知识时
08:53
to young年轻 girls女孩 using运用 the book,
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也非常的舒服,
08:54
and sometimes有时 even boys男孩
were interested有兴趣 in reading it.
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有的时候甚至男孩也对它感兴趣。
08:57
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
08:59
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
09:03
The comic滑稽 book helped帮助
in creating创建 an environment环境
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这本漫画书改变了大众的氛围
09:07
where menstruation经期 ceased停止 to be a taboo忌讳.
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月经再也不是一个禁忌。
09:10
Many许多 of the volunteers志愿者 took this prototype原型
themselves他们自己 to educate教育 girls女孩
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在印度五个不同的地区
很多志愿者用这本书的初版
09:14
and take menstrual月经 awareness意识 workshops研讨会
in five different不同 states状态 in India印度.
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来教育女孩并且开展
提高月经认识的讲习班。
09:18
And one of the volunteers志愿者
took this prototype原型 to educate教育 young年轻 monks和尚
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甚至有一位志愿者
用这本书去教育年轻的僧人
09:22
and took it to this monastery修道院 in Ladakh拉达克.
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把它带到了拉达克的寺庙中。
09:24
We made制作 the final最后 version of the book,
called "MenstrupediaMenstrupedia Comic滑稽"
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我们这本书的最终版本
叫做“月经百科”漫画
09:27
and launched推出 in September九月 last year.
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在去年九月正式出版。
09:31
And so far,
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到目前为止,
09:32
more than 4,000 girls女孩 have been
educated博学 by using运用 the book in India印度 and --
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在印度和其他十余个不同的国家
超过4000个女孩
09:36
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
09:39
Thank you.
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谢谢。
09:40
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
09:46
And 10 different不同 countries国家.
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受到了这本书的教育
09:49
We are constantly经常 translating翻译 the book
into different不同 languages语言
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我们不断地把这本书翻译成不同的语言
09:52
and collaborating合作 with local本地 organizations组织
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不断地和当地的机构合作
09:54
to make this book available可得到
in different不同 countries国家.
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让这本书在不同的国家可以上市。
09:57
15 schools学校 in different不同 parts部分 of India印度
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在印度15所来自不同地方的学校
10:00
have made制作 this book
a part部分 of their school学校 curriculum课程
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把这本书纳入了教学课程之中
10:04
to teach girls女孩 about menstruation经期.
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来为女孩讲解经期知识。
10:05
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
10:12
I am amazed吃惊 to see how volunteers志愿者,
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我惊讶于志愿者
10:17
individuals个人, parents父母,
teachers教师, school学校 principals校长,
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个人,家长,老师,校长
10:21
have come together一起
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共同努力
10:23
and taken采取 this menstrual月经 awareness意识
drive驾驶 to their own拥有 communities社区,
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提升所在社区的女性生理意识,
10:27
have made制作 sure that the girls女孩
learn学习 about periods at the right age年龄
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确保女孩在正确的时间学习生理知识
10:31
and helped帮助 in breaking破坏 this taboo忌讳.
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并帮助破除这个禁忌。
10:35
I dream梦想 of a future未来
where menstruation经期 is not a curse诅咒,
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我希望将来有一天
月经不再是一个诅咒,
10:39
not a disease疾病,
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不再是疾病,
10:40
but a welcoming欢迎 change更改 in a girl's女孩 life.
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而是一个女孩生命中
受到欢迎的转折点。
10:44
And I would --
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我希望
10:45
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
10:49
And I would like to end结束 this
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我希望在结尾
10:51
with a small request请求
to all the parents父母 here.
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对各位家长提出一个小小的要求。
10:55
Dear parents父母,
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亲爱的家长们,
10:57
if you would be ashamed羞愧 of periods,
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如果您对于例假感到羞耻,
10:59
your daughters女儿 would be, too.
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您的女儿也会一样。
11:01
So please be period positive.
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所以做一个积极面对例假的人。
11:04
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
11:05
Thank you.
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谢谢。
11:06
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Gu Yu
Reviewed by Jiawei Ni

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aditi Gupta - Social entrepreneur, co-founder of Menstrupedia
Aditi Gupta uses storytelling and art to educate young girls about menstruation.

Why you should listen

Aditi Gupta is a social entrepreneur and co-founder of Menstrupedia, working towards spreading awareness about menstruation. While studying at the National Institute of Design as a Ford Foundation research scholar, she has conducted extensive research in understanding the scenario of menstrual unawareness in India and its impact on a girl's life. She has designed effective educational tools for girls and schools using storytelling and sequential art for educating young girls about periods in a society where the subject is a major taboo.

Menstrupedia Comic is a complete guide on periods designed by Menstrupedia team being used by more than 30 schools across India. The books are being distributed in other countries like Nepal, South America and Nigeria.

Gupta is a World Economic Forum Global Shaper and made it to the achiever's list of Forbes India 30 under 30 in 2014 for her work towards breaking the taboo around menstruation. She is a International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) alumni. Her work has been featured in The Wall Street Journal, Reuters, CNBC and BBC. She aspires to create a future where menstruation is not a taboo but a welcoming change in a girl's life.

More profile about the speaker
Aditi Gupta | Speaker | TED.com