TEDGlobal 2014
Fred Swaniker: The leaders who ruined Africa, and the generation who can fix it
佛瑞德‧史旺尼可: 摧殘非洲的領導者，以及能修復非洲的一代
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Readability: 4.2
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在十八歲以前，佛瑞德‧史旺尼可曾經在迦納、甘比亞、波扎納以及新巴威居住過，從小在非洲的來來去去，他學到的是──好的領導者沒有辦法在社會存有堅強的體制時做到太多的改變；但在國家體制孱弱時，領導人們就可以建立或者摧毀國家。在一場熱情激昂的演說裡，史旺尼可觀察不同世代的非洲領導人們，並夢想著如何培養未來的領導風範。
Fred Swaniker - Educational entrepreneur
Ghanaian Fred Swaniker founded a school and a leadership network to educate and support the next generation of Africa’s leaders. Full bio
Ghanaian Fred Swaniker founded a school and a leadership network to educate and support the next generation of Africa’s leaders. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I experienced my first coup d'état at the age of four.
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我四歲大的時候時就遭遇到
人生第一場軍事政變，
人生第一場軍事政變，
00:17
Because of the coup d'état,
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因為軍事政變我們全家
必須離開在迦納的家園，
必須離開在迦納的家園，
00:18
my family had to leave my native home of Ghana
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搬去了甘比亞；
00:21
and move to the Gambia.
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00:24
As luck would have it,
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碰巧在我們抵達後的六個月，
00:25
six months after we arrived,
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他們也發生了軍事政變，
00:27
they too had a military coup.
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00:30
I vividly remember being woken
up in the middle of the night
up in the middle of the night
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我清楚地記得在大半夜裡被叫醒來，
00:33
and gathering the few belongings we could
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而且盡我們一切努力打包了稀少的行李，
00:35
and walking for about two hours
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大概走了兩小時抵達一間安全的房子，
00:38
to a safe house.
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有一整個星期我們是睡在床底下的，
00:40
For a week, we slept under our beds
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00:43
because we were worried that bullets
might fly through the window.
might fly through the window.
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因為我們很怕子彈有可能會
從窗戶外飛進來。
從窗戶外飛進來。
00:47
Then, at the age of eight,
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後來在八歲大時我們搬去波扎納，
00:50
we moved to Botswana.
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00:52
This time, it was different.
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這一次就不同了，
00:54
There were no coups.
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那裡並沒有發生政變，
00:56
Everything worked. Great education.
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一切運作都正常、很棒的教育建設，
00:59
They had such good infrastructure
that even at the time they had
that even at the time they had
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他們有非常好的基礎建設，
在當時他們甚至還有著光纖電信系統，
在當時他們甚至還有著光纖電信系統，
01:02
a fiber-optic telephone system,
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遠早於光纖出現西方國家以前；
01:04
long before it had reached Western countries.
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01:09
The only thing they didn't have
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他們唯一所沒有的東西，
01:11
is that they didn't have
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就是他們沒有自己國家的電視台，
01:12
their own national television station,
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01:15
and so I remember watching
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因此我記得收看到鄰國
南非的電視節目，
南非的電視節目，
01:17
TV from neighboring South Africa,
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01:19
and watching Nelson Mandela in jail
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看到了曼德拉在監獄中
被人給了一個機會能夠出來，
被人給了一個機會能夠出來，
01:22
being offered a chance to come out
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01:24
if he would give up the apartheid struggle.
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前提是他要能放棄對種族隔離的抗爭。
01:27
But he didn't. He refused to do that
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不過他沒有放棄、他拒絕了，
01:28
until he actually achieved his objective
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待在獄中直到他真的達成目標：
01:30
of freeing South Africa from apartheid.
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從種族隔離中解放了南非人。
01:33
And I remember feeling how just one good leader
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而且我記得感受到
就只是有著一個好領導人，
就只是有著一個好領導人，
竟能帶給非洲如此大的改變。
01:37
could make such a big difference in Africa.
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01:42
Then at the age of 12,
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後來我十二歲的時候，
01:44
my family sent me to high school in Zimbabwe.
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我的家人送我去辛巴威讀高中，
01:48
Initially, this too was amazing:
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起先這邊也是一樣棒透了的，
01:51
growing economy, excellent infrastructure,
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不停成長的經濟、優質的基礎建設，
01:56
and it seemed like it was a model
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它就像是非洲在經濟發展上的楷模。
01:58
for economic development in Africa.
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02:01
I graduated from high school in Zimbabwe
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我就從辛巴威的高中畢業了，
02:03
and I went off to college.
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離開了辛巴威去唸大學；
02:05
Six years later, I returned to the country.
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六年後我重新回到了這個國家，
02:09
Everything was different.
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一切都走樣了，
02:11
It had shattered into pieces.
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它被破壞得分崩離析，
02:14
Millions of people had emigrated,
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已經有數百萬人遷出了，
02:17
the economy was in a shambles,
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經濟是一片混亂，
02:19
and it seemed all of a sudden that 30 years
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它看起來像是30年的經濟發展
02:20
of development had been wiped out.
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霎時間都被破壞掉了！
02:23
How could a country go so bad so fast?
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一個國家怎麼能這麼快
就變得如此悽慘呢?
就變得如此悽慘呢?
02:27
Most people would agree
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大部分人都會認同全都是因為領導風範，
02:28
that it's all because of leadership.
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有一個人─ 總統羅伯特‧穆加比，
02:31
One man, President Robert Mugabe,
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幾乎得對摧毀這個國家負上全責。
02:34
is almost single-handedly responsible
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02:36
for having destroyed this country.
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02:39
Now, all these experiences of living in different
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今天生活在非洲各地的成長經驗，
02:41
parts of Africa growing up
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02:43
did two things to me.
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對我學到兩件事情，
02:45
The first is it made me fall in love with Africa.
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第一是它讓我愛上了非洲，
02:49
Everywhere I went,
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每處我到過的地方，
02:51
I experienced the wonderful beauty of our continent
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我都體驗到我們大陸絕妙的美麗，
02:54
and saw the resilience and the spirit of our people,
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看到我們人民的適應力以及熱情，
02:57
and at the time, I realized that I wanted to dedicate
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而在那時候我就明白我要投入我的餘生
02:59
the rest of my life to making this continent great.
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來使這塊大陸變棒。
03:04
But I also realized that making Africa great
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不過我也瞭解要讓非洲變棒，
03:06
would require addressing this issue of leadership.
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將需要處理領導風範這個議題，
03:09
You see, all these countries I lived in,
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你也都知道我曾經住過的國家，
03:11
the coups d'état
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我在迦納、甘比亞還有辛巴威曾經看過
03:13
and the corruption I'd seen in Ghana and Gambia
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軍事政變還有貪污；
03:16
and in Zimbabwe,
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03:19
contrasted with the wonderful examples I had seen
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相較於我在波扎那還有南非看過的
03:23
in Botswana and in South
Africa of good leadership.
Africa of good leadership.
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好領導風範之絕佳例子，
03:28
It made me realize that Africa would rise or fall
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讓我明白了非洲將會因為領導人的素質
03:32
because of the quality of our leaders.
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而躍升或是殞落，
03:36
Now, one might think, of course,
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可能有人會說：「那當然！
03:38
leadership matters everywhere.
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在任何地方領導風範都是重要的」；
03:41
But if there's one thing you take
away from my talk today, it is this:
away from my talk today, it is this:
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可是如果你有在我今天的
談話裡學到什麼，
談話裡學到什麼，
03:45
In Africa, more than anywhere else in the world,
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那就是非洲更甚於世界上的任何地方，
03:48
the difference that just one good leader can make
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只是有著一個好領導者
而能做到的改變，
而能做到的改變，
03:51
is much greater than anywhere
else, and here's why.
else, and here's why.
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要比在其他任何地方還要了不得，
原因在這裡，
因為在非洲我們有孱弱的體制，
因為在非洲我們有孱弱的體制，
03:55
It's because in Africa, we have weak institutions,
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03:58
like the judiciary, the constitution,
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就像司法、憲政、公民社會諸如此類者。
04:00
civil society and so forth.
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所以我所篤信的經驗法則是
04:04
So here's a general rule of thumb that I believe in:
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04:07
When societies have strong institutions,
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當社會存有堅強的體制時，
04:10
the difference that one good
leader can make is limited,
leader can make is limited,
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好的領導者能做的改變是有限的；
04:13
but when you have weak institutions,
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但是當社會有著孱弱的體制時，
04:16
then just one good leader
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就只要有著一個好的領導人，
04:17
can make or break that country.
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他就能成就或毀掉那個國家。
04:20
Let me make it a bit more concrete.
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讓我來講更具體些吧，
04:23
You become the president of the United States.
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你變成了美國的總統，
04:26
You think, "Wow, I've arrived.
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你想著：「哇！我做到了！
04:28
I'm the most powerful man in the world."
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我是世界上最有權力的人了！」
04:31
So you decide, perhaps let me pass a law.
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所以你決定好
「或許讓我來通過一條法律吧！」
「或許讓我來通過一條法律吧！」
04:35
All of a sudden, Congress taps you on the shoulder
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突然間國會就拍了一下你的肩膀，
04:36
and says, "No, no, no, no, no, you can't do that."
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說了：「不行！不行！你不能這樣做！」
04:40
You say, "Let me try this way."
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你說：「讓我換個方式好了」，
04:42
The Senate comes and says, "Uh-uh,
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參議院就出現了以及說：
04:44
we don't think you can do that."
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「我們不認為你能這樣做啦！」
04:47
You say, perhaps, "Let me print some money.
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你說：「也許讓我來多印些鈔票吧，
04:49
I think the economy needs a stimulus."
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我認為經濟需要有一些激勵！」
04:52
The central bank governor will think you're crazy.
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央行行長會認為你瘋了，
04:53
You might get impeached for that.
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你還可能因為這樣被彈劾。
04:56
But if you become the president of Zimbabwe,
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但是假如你是辛巴威的總統，
04:59
and you say, "You know, I really like this job.
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你說：「我真的很喜歡這個工作，
05:02
I think I'd like to stay in it forever."
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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我認為我會想要永久一直做下去的。」
(笑聲)
(笑聲)
05:07
Well, you just can.
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沒錯！你就是可以的！
05:10
You decide you want to print money.
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你決定要印鈔票，
05:12
You call the central bank governor and you say,
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你打個電話給中央銀行的行長，
05:14
"Please double the money supply."
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你說：「請將鈔票的供給量加一倍」，
05:16
He'll say, "Okay, yes, sir,
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他就會說：「遵命！長官，
05:18
is there anything else I can do for you?"
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是否還有其他事情是我可以為你做的?」
05:21
This is the power that African leaders have,
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這就是非洲的領導人們所擁有的權力，
05:25
and this is why they make the most difference
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這就是為什麼他們能在這塊大陸
05:29
on the continent.
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做出最多的改變，
好消息是在非洲領導風範
的素質已經在改善了的，
的素質已經在改善了的，
05:31
The good news is that
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05:33
the quality of leadership in Africa has been improving.
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05:36
We've had three generations
of leaders, in my mind.
of leaders, in my mind.
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在我的印象中我們有著
三個世代的領導人，
三個世代的領導人，
05:39
Generation one are those who appeared
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第一個世代是那些出現在
1950-60年代者，
1950-60年代者，
05:41
in the '50s and '60s.
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05:42
These are people like Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana
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這些人像是迦納的夸梅·恩克鲁瑪、
05:45
and Julius Nyerere of Tanzania.
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坦尚尼亞的朱利葉斯・尼雷爾，
05:47
The legacy they left is that they
brought independence to Africa.
brought independence to Africa.
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他們遺留的成就是他們把
獨立帶給了非洲，
獨立帶給了非洲，
05:50
They freed us from colonialism,
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他們從殖民主義中解放了我們，
05:51
and let's give them credit for that.
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讓我們為這個來讚揚他們。
05:54
They were followed by generation two.
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緊接在他們後面是第二個世代，
05:57
These are people that brought nothing
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這些是除了破壞、混亂外
什麼也沒帶給非洲的人，
什麼也沒帶給非洲的人，
05:59
but havoc to Africa.
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06:01
Think warfare, corruption, human rights abuses.
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想看看戰爭、貪污、違反人權等，
06:04
This is the stereotype of
the typical African leader
the typical African leader
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這是傳統的非洲領導人的刻板印象，
06:06
that we typically think of:
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我們總是想到薩伊的蒙博托·塞塞·塞科、
06:08
Mobutu Sese Seko from Zaire,
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06:10
Sani Abacha from Nigeria.
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奈及利亞的薩尼·阿巴查，
06:12
The good news is that most of
these leaders have moved on,
these leaders have moved on,
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好消息是這群領導人大多已經不在位了，
06:15
and they were replaced by generation three.
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他們被第三個世代的領導人所取代了，
06:17
These are people like the late Nelson Mandela
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這些人像是近代的尼爾森‧曼德拉、
06:20
and most of the leaders that we see in Africa today,
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還有大部分今天我們在非洲
所看到的領導人們，
所看到的領導人們，
06:22
like Paul Kagame and so forth.
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像是保羅·卡加梅...等等；
06:24
Now these leaders are by no means perfect,
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這些領導人也稱不上完美，
06:27
but the one thing they have done is that they have
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不過他們所做到的一件事
06:29
cleaned up much of the mess of generation two.
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是他們已經整理好大部分
第二世代造成的亂象，
第二世代造成的亂象，
06:32
They've stopped the fighting,
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他們停止了戰爭，
06:34
and I call them the stabilizer generation.
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我叫他們「比較穩定世代」，
06:37
They're much more accountable to their people,
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對人民來說他們可信得多了，
06:39
they've improved macroeconomic policies,
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他們已經改善了總體經濟的政策，
06:42
and we are seeing for the first time
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而且我們首次看見非洲的經濟成長，
06:44
Africa's growing, and in
fact it's the second fastest
fact it's the second fastest
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實際上它還是世界上第二快
的經濟成長區域。
的經濟成長區域。
06:46
growing economic region in the world.
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06:48
So these leaders are by no means perfect,
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所以這些領導人一點也稱不上完美，
06:50
but they are by and large
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不過他們絕大多數是近50年來
06:51
the best leaders we've seen in the last 50 years.
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我們所知道的最佳領導人。
06:56
So where to from here?
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那麼接下來呢?
06:59
I believe that the next generation
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我相信接在這個世代後面的世代，
07:01
to come after this, generation four,
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也就是第四代，
07:04
has a unique opportunity
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有一個轉變這塊大陸的難得機會，
07:06
to transform the continent.
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特別是他們能做到前面世代
還沒做到過的兩件事的話。
還沒做到過的兩件事的話。
07:09
Specifically, they can do two things
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07:11
that previous generations have not done.
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07:13
The first thing they need to do
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第一件他們需要做的事，
07:15
is they need to create prosperity for the continent.
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是他們需要創造富足給這片大陸，
07:18
Why is prosperity so important?
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為什麼富足如此重要?
07:19
Because none of the previous generations
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因為先前的世代都沒有人
有辦法處理好貧窮的問題，
有辦法處理好貧窮的問題，
07:21
have been able to tackle this issue of poverty.
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07:24
Africa today
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今天的非洲有著全世界成長最快人口，
07:25
has the fastest growing population in the world,
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07:28
but also is the poorest.
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不過也是最窮的國家，
07:31
By 2030, Africa will have a
larger workforce than China,
larger workforce than China,
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等到2030年時非洲會有
比中國還多的勞動力，
比中國還多的勞動力，
07:34
and by 2050, it will have the
largest workforce in the world.
largest workforce in the world.
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到了2050年它會有
世界上最多的勞動力，
世界上最多的勞動力，
07:38
One billion people will need jobs in Africa,
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非洲將會有10億人口需要有工作，
07:41
so if we don't grow our economies fast enough,
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所以假如我們不趕緊提升我們的經濟，
07:43
we're sitting on a ticking time bomb,
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我們就是坐在一顆定時炸彈上，
07:46
not just for Africa but for the entire world.
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不只是對非洲，對整個世界也一樣。
07:49
Let me show you an example
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讓我舉個例子給你看，
07:51
of one person who is living up to this legacy
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有一個人做得就跟打造富足的
成就一樣棒：拉堤莎，
成就一樣棒：拉堤莎，
07:53
of creating prosperity: Laetitia.
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她是來自肯亞的年輕女孩子，
07:56
Laetitia's a young woman from Kenya
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07:59
who at the age of 13 had to drop out of school
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在13歲的時候就輟學了，
08:00
because her family couldn't
afford to pay fees for her.
afford to pay fees for her.
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因為她們家沒有辦法幫她付學費，
08:03
So she started her own business rearing rabbits,
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因此她展開了自己的生意－飼養兔子，
08:06
which happen to be a delicacy in this part of Kenya
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在肯亞她所住的那個區塊把這變成佳餚，
08:07
that she's from.
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08:09
This business did so well that within a year,
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這門生意不到一年就發展得很好了，
08:11
she was employing 15 women
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她雇用了15個女人，
08:13
and was able to generate enough income
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而且能夠積攢足夠的營收，
08:15
that she was able to send herself to school,
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讓她有能力送自己回去上學，
08:17
and through these women
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而且又透過這些員工
08:18
fund another 65 children to go to school.
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資助其他65位的孩子去唸書，
08:20
The profits that she generated,
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她所積攢的利潤被她拿來蓋學校，
08:22
she used that to build a school,
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08:24
and today she educates
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今天她讓她們社區的400個小孩有書讀，
08:25
400 children in her community.
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而且她才剛滿18歲而已。
08:28
And she's just turned 18.
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08:30
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
08:36
Another example is Erick Rajaonary.
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另一個例子是艾瑞可‧芮喬奈利，
08:40
Erick comes from the island of Madagascar.
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艾瑞可來自馬達加斯加的小島，
08:43
Now, Erick realized that agriculture
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艾瑞可明白農業會是在
馬達加斯加的農村地區
馬達加斯加的農村地區
08:46
would be the key to creating jobs
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創造出工作的關鍵。
08:48
in the rural areas of Madagascar,
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08:50
but he also realized that fertilizer was a very
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可是他也明白對大多數的
馬達加斯加農夫而言
馬達加斯加農夫而言
08:52
expensive input for most farmers in Madagascar.
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肥料是非常花錢的開銷；
08:55
Madagascar has these very special bats
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馬達加斯加有非常特別的蝙蝠
08:58
that produce these droppings
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會產生非常有養分的糞便，
09:00
that are very high in nutrients.
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在2006年艾瑞可辭掉了
執業會計師的工作，
執業會計師的工作，
09:02
In 2006, Erick quit his job
as a chartered accountant
as a chartered accountant
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09:05
and started a company to manufacture
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成立了用蝙蝠的糞便製造肥料的公司，
09:07
fertilizer from the bat droppings.
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如今艾瑞可已經打造出
09:11
Today, Erick has built a business
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09:13
that generates several million dollars of revenue,
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能收到好幾百萬美金收入的公司，
09:16
and he employs 70 people full time
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而且他全職雇用了70個人，
09:19
and another 800 people during the season
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還有在蝙蝠排泄最多糞便的
季節另外聘用的800人，
季節另外聘用的800人，
09:20
when the bats drop their droppings the most.
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09:23
Now, what I like about this story
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我最喜歡這故事的地方，
09:26
is that it shows that opportunities
to create prosperity
to create prosperity
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是它證明了創造富足的機會
幾乎隨處都能發現，
幾乎隨處都能發現，
09:30
can be found almost anywhere.
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09:32
Erick is known as the Batman.
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艾瑞可就被當成蝙蝠俠了。
09:34
(Laughter)
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(笑聲...)
09:35
And who would have thought that you would have
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有誰曾經想過你能設立
有好幾百萬美金的公司，
有好幾百萬美金的公司，
09:37
been able to build a multimillion-dollar business
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只是靠蝙蝠的糞便就雇用了許多人。
09:40
employing so many people just from bat poo?
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這個世代需要做到的第二件事情
09:47
The second thing that this generation needs to do
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09:51
is to create our institutions.
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是建立我們的體制，
09:53
They need to build these institutions such that we
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他們一定得建立這些體制，
09:55
are never held to ransom again
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那我們就永遠不會再受制於
09:58
by a few individuals like Robert Mugabe.
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像羅伯特‧穆加比這些少數人了。
10:03
Now, all of this sounds great,
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這些全部聽起來很棒，
10:06
but where are we going to
get this generation four from?
get this generation four from?
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但是我們要到哪裡找到這些第四世代呢?
10:10
Do we just sit and hope that they emerge
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難道我們就乾坐盼望他們碰巧的出現嗎?
10:12
by chance, or that God gives them to us?
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或是上帝會把他們帶來給我們嗎?
10:16
No, I don't think so.
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錯了，我不這麼認為，
10:18
It's too important an issue
for us to leave it to chance.
for us to leave it to chance.
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這問題對我們來說重要到
不能放任它偶然發生，
不能放任它偶然發生，
10:21
I believe that we need to create African institutions,
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我深信我們必需建立非洲本土的體制，
10:24
home-grown, that will identify and develop
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那將會在一個有系統、務實的方法下
10:27
these leaders in a systematic, practical way.
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找出以及栽培這些領導人，
10:31
We've been doing this for the last 10 years
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我們透過了「非洲領導力學院」
10:32
through the African Leadership Academy.
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做這些事情已有十年之久，
10:35
Laetitia is one of our young leaders.
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拉堤莎就是其中一位我們的年輕領導人，
10:38
Today, we have 700 of them
that are being groomed
that are being groomed
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今天我們有700位的年輕領導人，
他們被培訓來給非洲大陸所用，
他們被培訓來給非洲大陸所用，
10:40
for the African continent,
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2050
10:42
and over the next 50 years,
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而接下來的五十年內，
10:43
we expect to create 6,000 of them.
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我們預計教出6,000位這樣的人，
10:46
But one thing has been troubling me.
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不過有件事情一直在困擾著我，
10:49
We would get about 4,000 applications a year
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我們一年大概會收到4,000份
入學申請書，
入學申請書，
10:51
for 100 young leaders that we could take
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為了申請我們可以收進學院的
100位年輕領導人的名額，
100位年輕領導人的名額，
10:53
into this academy,
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10:54
and so I saw the tremendous hunger that existed
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我看到了有非常巨大的需求存在，
10:56
for this leadership training that we're offering.
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就為了參加我們提供的領導人訓練。
10:59
But we couldn't satisfy it.
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但是我們無法滿足這個需求，
11:02
So today, I'm announcing for the first time in public
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所以今天我要公開做出首次的聲明，
11:06
an extension to this vision for
the African Leadership Academy.
the African Leadership Academy.
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非洲領導力學院為了這願景
的擴建計畫，
的擴建計畫，
11:11
We're building 25 brand new universities in Africa
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我們計畫要在非洲建立25間全新的大學，
11:16
that are going to cultivate this next generation
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打算栽培出下個世代的非洲領導人們，
11:18
of African leaders.
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每個校園我們會同時有
10,000名的領導人學生，
10,000名的領導人學生，
11:20
Each campus will have 10,000 leaders at a time
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11:23
so we'll be educating and developing
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這麼一來我們在任何時點都可以
教育、栽培出25萬位的領導人，
教育、栽培出25萬位的領導人，
11:26
250,000 leaders at any given time.
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11:28
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
經過接下來的五十年，
11:36
Over the next 50 years, this institution
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11:38
will create three million transformative leaders
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我們創造的這個機構可以為非洲大陸
產生300萬位有改造力的領導人。
產生300萬位有改造力的領導人。
11:40
for the continent.
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11:42
My hope is that half of them
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我的希望是他們中的半數
11:44
will become the entrepreneurs that we need,
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會成為我們需要的企業家，
11:46
who will create these jobs that we need,
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創造出我們需要的工作；
11:47
and the other half
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而另外那一半會進入政府和非營利部門，
11:49
will go into government
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1687
11:51
and the nonprofit sector,
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而他們會建立我們所需要有的體制。
11:52
and they will build the institutions that we need.
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3622
而且他們不會只有學唸書，
11:55
But they won't just learn academics.
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11:59
They will also learn how to become leaders,
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他們也會學習如何成為領導人、
12:02
and they will develop their skills as entrepreneurs.
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以及他們會培養出企業家的技能。
12:04
So think of this as Africa's Ivy League,
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所以把這想成是非洲的長春藤聯盟，
12:07
but instead of getting admitted
because of your SAT scores
because of your SAT scores
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3282
不過被錄取卻非是因為你的SAT成績、
12:11
or because of how much money you have
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你多有錢、或是你的出身，
12:13
or which family you come from,
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進入這間大學主要的標準，
12:14
the main criteria for getting into this university
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12:17
will be what is the potential that you have
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是你有什麼樣的潛能來轉變非洲。
12:19
for transforming Africa?
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但是我們所正在做的只有一小群的體制，
12:22
But what we're doing is
just one group of institutions.
just one group of institutions.
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12:25
We cannot transform Africa by ourselves.
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我們無法靠自己轉變非洲，
12:30
My hope
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1702
我的希望是本土許許多多
的其他非洲體制也會興旺，
的其他非洲體制也會興旺，
12:31
is that many, many other home-grown
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12:33
African institutions will blossom,
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12:37
and these institutions will all come together
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這些體制將會一起合作，
12:38
with a common vision of developing
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秉持同樣的願景：
培養下個世代的非洲領導人，
培養下個世代的非洲領導人，
12:41
this next generation of African leaders,
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1883
12:43
generation four,
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也就是第四個世代。
12:45
and they will teach them this common message:
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他們會教給他們這個共同的訊息：
12:47
create jobs, build our institutions.
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「創造工作、建立自己的體制」，
12:52
Nelson Mandela once said,
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2250
尼爾森‧曼德拉曾經說過：
12:54
"Every now and then,
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1802
「有時候某個世代會被拜請要傑出，
12:56
a generation is called upon to be great.
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3236
12:59
You can be that great generation."
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你可以成為傑出的一代。」
13:02
I believe that if we carefully identify and cultivate
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我相信只要我們用心找出以及栽培
13:06
the next generation of African leaders,
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下一個世代的非洲領導人，
13:09
then this generation four that is coming up
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然後這個即將到來的第四世代
13:12
will be the greatest generation that Africa
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將會是非洲最傑出的一代，
13:15
and indeed the entire world has ever seen.
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而且會是整個世界還未見識過的。
13:20
Thank you.
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謝謝！
13:22
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Fred Swaniker - Educational entrepreneurGhanaian Fred Swaniker founded a school and a leadership network to educate and support the next generation of Africa’s leaders.
Why you should listen
2009 TED Fellow Fred Swaniker believes that what's been holding Africa back has been the lack of good leadership. He founded the African Leadership Academy in Johannesburg to attract the best and brightest students from across the continent and give them a foundation in ethical, entrepreneurial leadership. Next, he formed the African Leadership Network to catalyze prosperity by strengthening the relationships between graduates as they step into positions of leadership and vision.
More profile about the speakerFred Swaniker | Speaker | TED.com