Jaap de Roode: How butterflies self-medicate
Jaap de Roode: Cómo se automedican las mariposas
Jaap de Roode studies the ecology and evolution of parasites, focusing on those that attack the monarch butterfly. Full bio
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are still the main cause
siguen siendo la principal causa
around the world.
y de la muerte en todo el mundo.
of diseases such as T.B., malaria, HIV,
de tuberculosis, malaria, VIH,
and even in the United States.
e incluso en EE. UU.
die of seasonal flu.
mueren de gripe estacional.
we are creative. Right?
somos creativos, ¿no?
ourselves against these diseases.
contra estas enfermedades.
we learn from our experiences
aprendemos de nuestras experiencias
but now we know we're not.
pero ahora sabemos que no lo estamos.
out there that can do it too.
de animales que también pueden hacerlo.
to treat their intestinal parasites.
de sus parásitos intestinales.
that other animals can do it too:
que otros animales también pueden hacerlo:
sheep, goats, you name it.
ovejas, cabras, lo que sea.
is that recent discoveries are telling us
recientes descubrimientos nos indican
smaller brains can use medication too.
con cerebros más pequeños
as we all know,
infecciosas, como todos sabemos,
siguen evolucionando,
that we have developed
que hemos desarrollado
to find new ways to discover drugs
de descubrir fármacos
contra nuestras enfermedades.
should look at these animals,
estudiar estos animales,
how to treat our own diseases.
nuestras propias enfermedades.
monarch butterflies for the last 10 years.
mariposas monarca en los últimos 10 años.
for their spectacular migrations
por sus espectaculares migraciones
down to Mexico every year,
They get sick like me.
Se enferman como yo.
can tell us a lot about drugs
decir mucho sobre los fármacos
para humanos.
that monarchs get infected with
se infectan las monarcas
a mouthful.
simple.
on the outside of the butterfly
el exterior de la mariposa
in between the scales of the butterfly.
en medio de las escamas de la mariposa.
to the monarch.
para la monarca.
before they're even adults.
de llegar a ser adultas.
en las plantas de invernadero de cultivos,
in the greenhouse growing plants,
are extremely picky eaters.
son comedoras muy exigentes.
species of milkweed that they can use,
de asclepias que pueden usar,
have cardenolides in them.
but not to monarchs.
no para las monarcas.
can take up the chemicals,
and it makes them toxic
y eso las hace tóxicas
is advertise this toxicity
warning colorations
is grow plants in the greenhouse,
plantas en el invernadero,
the tropical milkweed,
como el algodoncillo tropical,
of these cardenolides.
de estos cardenolides.
They had no disease.
no estaban enfermas.
some of these milkweeds are medicinal,
estas asclepias son medicinales,
in the monarch butterflies,
enfermedad en las mariposas monarca,
when they are infected
más tiempo cuando se infectan,
de estas plantas medicinales.
tuve esta idea,
it was a crazy idea,
que era una idea loca,
what if monarchs can use this?
monarcas pueden usar esto?
as their own form of medicine?
como forma propia de medicina?
started doing experiments.
empezamos a hacer experimentos.
and gave them a choice:
non-medicinal milkweed.
a asclepias no medicinales.
of each species over their lifetime.
de cada especie durante su vida.
in science, was boring:
en la ciencia, fue aburrido:
Fifty percent was not.
El 50 % no lo era.
anything for their own welfare.
nada por su propio bienestar.
that can medicate their offspring.
medicaban a su descendencia.
on medicinal milkweed
en asclepia medicinal
future offspring less sick?
a la futura descendencia?
over several years,
durante varios años,
a monarch in a big cage,
a non-medicinal plant on the other side,
una planta no medicinal en el otro lado,
that the monarchs lay on each plant.
que las monarcas pusieron en cada planta.
is always the same.
decididamente la asclepia medicinal.
strongly prefer the medicinal milkweed.
what these females are doing
of their eggs in the medicinal milkweed.
en la asclepia medicinal.
is they actually transmit the parasites
can lay their eggs on medicinal milkweed
pueden poner sus huevos en asclepia medicinal
future offspring less sick.
se enferme menos.
important discovery, I think,
descubrimiento muy importante
something cool about nature,
algo genial de la naturaleza
more about how we should find drugs.
cómo deberíamos encontrar medicamentos.
as very simple.
very sophisticated medication.
medicamento muy sofisticado.
most of our drugs
de nuestros medicamentos
including plants,
incluyendo las plantas
at animals to find new drugs.
encontrar nuevos fármacos.
how to treat stomach upset,
cómo tratar el malestar estomacal,
how to treat bloody diarrhea.
la diarrea con sangre.
though, is to move beyond
es importante ir más allá
and give these guys more credit,
y darle más crédito
que solemos suponer
that we tend to think of
with tiny little brains.
con diminutos cerebros.
can also use medication
también pueden usar medicación
we will be treating human diseases
tratemos enfermedades humanas
discovered by butterflies,
por las mariposas,
worth pursuing.
que vale la pena explorar.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jaap de Roode - BiologistJaap de Roode studies the ecology and evolution of parasites, focusing on those that attack the monarch butterfly.
Why you should listen
At his lab at Emory University, Jaap de Roode and his team study parasites and their hosts. Some of the questions that intrigue them: If a parasite depends on its host's survival for its own well-being, why do so many of them cause harm? In what ways are hosts able to self-medicate in order to make themselves less desirable to parasites? And are the abilities to harm hosts — and the ability of hosts to self-medicate — favored by natural selection?
The De Roode Lab focuses on the monarch butterfly and its parasites. The team has made a fascinating discovery: that female butterflies infected by a parasite choose to lay their eggs on a specific variety of milkweed that helps their offspring avoid getting sick. De Roode hopes that this insight could lead to new approaches in medications for human beings in the future.
Jaap de Roode | Speaker | TED.com