Jaap de Roode: How butterflies self-medicate
Jaap de Roode: Hur fjärilar självmedicinerar
Jaap de Roode studies the ecology and evolution of parasites, focusing on those that attack the monarch butterfly. Full bio
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are still the main cause
och död runtom i världen.
around the world.
av sjukdomar som TBC, malaria och HIV,
of diseases such as T.B., malaria, HIV,
and even in the United States.
die of seasonal flu.
we are creative. Right?
ourselves against these diseases.
mot dessa sjukdomar.
we learn from our experiences
vi lär oss av våra erfarenheter
om detta, men det är vi inte.
but now we know we're not.
out there that can do it too.
där ute också kan göra det.
för att behandla sina inre parasiter.
to treat their intestinal parasites.
att andra djur också kan göra det:
that other animals can do it too:
det finns många exempel.
sheep, goats, you name it.
är de senaste upptäkterna som visar
is that recent discoveries are telling us
också kan använda mediciner.
smaller brains can use medication too.
as we all know,
that we have developed
nya vägar för att upptäcka nya läkemedel
to find new ways to discover drugs
should look at these animals,
på de här djuren,
behandla våra egna sjukdomar.
how to treat our own diseases.
monarch butterflies for the last 10 years.
studerat monarkfjärilar
för sina spektakulära migreringar
for their spectacular migrations
down to Mexico every year,
ner till Mexiko varje år,
jag började studera dem.
eftersom de blir sjuka.
De blir sjuka som jag.
They get sick like me.
kan lära oss om läkemedel
can tell us a lot about drugs
blir infekterad med
that monarchs get infected with
- ett krångligt namn.
a mouthful.
on the outside of the butterfly
mellan fjällen på fjärilen.
in between the scales of the butterfly.
to the monarch.
innan de är färdigutvecklade.
before they're even adults.
in the greenhouse growing plants,
i växthuset med växtodling,
är extremt kinkiga med maten.
are extremely picky eaters.
species of milkweed that they can use,
av sidenört som de kan äta,
har kardenolider i sig.
have cardenolides in them.
but not to monarchs.
förutom monarkfjärilen.
can take up the chemicals,
ta upp kemikalien,
and it makes them toxic
och den gör dem giftiga
is advertise this toxicity
är att visa upp sin giftighet
warning colorations
is grow plants in the greenhouse,
the tropical milkweed,
t.ex den tropiska sidenörten,
of these cardenolides.
av de här kardenoliderna.
monarkfjärilarna med dem.
They had no disease.
De hade inga sjukdomar.
av dessa sidenörter är medicinska,
some of these milkweeds are medicinal,
in the monarch butterflies,
hos monarkfjärilarna,
kan leva längre när de äter
when they are infected
it was a crazy idea,
kanske kan använda detta?
what if monarchs can use this?
som en form av medicin?
as their own form of medicine?
började göra experiment.
started doing experiments.
and gave them a choice:
och gav dem ett val;
non-medicinal milkweed.
eller icke medicinsk sidenört.
av de olika arterna under sin livstid.
of each species over their lifetime.
in science, was boring:
inom vetenskapen, var tråkigt:
Fifty percent was not.
var medicinsk. Femtio procent var inte.
anything for their own welfare.
för sitt eget välbefinnande.
med vuxna fjärilar,
that can medicate their offspring.
som kan medicinera sin avkomma.
på medicinsk sidenört som leder till
on medicinal milkweed
future offspring less sick?
blir mindre sjuk?
over several years,
a monarch in a big cage,
och en icke medicinalväxt på den andra,
a non-medicinal plant on the other side,
that the monarchs lay on each plant.
som monarkfjärilen har lagt
is always the same.
är alltid samma sak.
föredrar den medicinska sidenörten.
strongly prefer the medicinal milkweed.
what these females are doing
of their eggs in the medicinal milkweed.
på den medicinska sidenörten.
is they actually transmit the parasites
att de överför parasiterna
kan lägga sina ägg på medicinsk sidenört,
can lay their eggs on medicinal milkweed
future offspring less sick.
deras framtida avkomma mindre sjuka.
important discovery, I think,
en viktig upptäckt, enligt mig,
something cool about nature,
något häftigt om naturen,
något om hur vi ska hitta läkemedel.
more about how we should find drugs.
as very simple.
sofistikerade medicineringen.
very sophisticated medication.
most of our drugs
kommer de flesta läkemedel
including plants,
som till exempel växter,
för att finna läkemedel.
at animals to find new drugs.
how to treat stomach upset,
hur man behandlar magbesvär,
hur vi ska behandla blodiga diarréer.
how to treat bloody diarrhea.
though, is to move beyond
är att vi lyfter blicken
and give these guys more credit,
dessa varelser lite mer uppskattning.
som vi brukar tänka på
that we tend to think of
with tiny little brains.
med pyttesmå hjärnor.
också kan använda medicin
can also use medication
we will be treating human diseases
att bota mänskliga sjukdomar med läkemedel
discovered by butterflies,
worth pursuing.
en fantastisk möjlighet
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jaap de Roode - BiologistJaap de Roode studies the ecology and evolution of parasites, focusing on those that attack the monarch butterfly.
Why you should listen
At his lab at Emory University, Jaap de Roode and his team study parasites and their hosts. Some of the questions that intrigue them: If a parasite depends on its host's survival for its own well-being, why do so many of them cause harm? In what ways are hosts able to self-medicate in order to make themselves less desirable to parasites? And are the abilities to harm hosts — and the ability of hosts to self-medicate — favored by natural selection?
The De Roode Lab focuses on the monarch butterfly and its parasites. The team has made a fascinating discovery: that female butterflies infected by a parasite choose to lay their eggs on a specific variety of milkweed that helps their offspring avoid getting sick. De Roode hopes that this insight could lead to new approaches in medications for human beings in the future.
Jaap de Roode | Speaker | TED.com