Jaap de Roode: How butterflies self-medicate
Jaap de Roode: Como as borboletas se automedicam
Jaap de Roode studies the ecology and evolution of parasites, focusing on those that attack the monarch butterfly. Full bio
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are still the main cause
around the world.
em todo o mundo.
of diseases such as T.B., malaria, HIV,
de doenças como tuberculose, malária, HIV,
and even in the United States.
die of seasonal flu.
de norte-americanos com gripe sazonal.
we are creative. Right?
são criativos, não são?
ourselves against these diseases.
dessas doenças.
we learn from our experiences
com as nossas experiências
but now we know we're not.
mas agora sabemos que não somos.
out there that can do it too.
muitos animais que também são.
são, talvez, os chimpanzés.
to treat their intestinal parasites.
os parasitas intestinais.
that other animals can do it too:
outros animais fazem o mesmo:
sheep, goats, you name it.
ovelhas, cabras, etc.
descobertas recentes mostram
is that recent discoveries are telling us
com cérebros menores
smaller brains can use medication too.
como todos sabemos,
as we all know,
that we have developed
estão a perder a eficácia.
to find new ways to discover drugs
novas formas de descobrir remédios
should look at these animals,
olhar para esses animais
how to treat our own diseases.
a tratar as nossas doenças.
borboletas-monarcas há dez anos.
monarch butterflies for the last 10 years.
por causa da sua migração espetacular
for their spectacular migrations
todos os anos.
down to Mexico every year,
que comecei a estudá-las.
They get sick like me.
Adoecem como eu.
pode ensinar-nos muito sobre drogas
can tell us a lot about drugs
para os seres humanos.
that monarchs get infected with
— um nome complicado.
a mouthful.
on the outside of the butterfly
in between the scales of the butterfly.
por entre as escamas das borboletas.
to the monarch.
de elas chegarem a adultas.
before they're even adults.
in the greenhouse growing plants,
na estufa, a cultivar plantas
são muito esquisitas com a comida.
are extremely picky eaters.
species of milkweed that they can use,
várias espécies de asclépias
have cardenolides in them.
but not to monarchs.
exceto para as monarcas.
can take up the chemicals,
and it makes them toxic
como os pássaros.
is advertise this toxicity
warning colorations
laranja, preto e branco.
is grow plants in the greenhouse,
the tropical milkweed,
incluindo a asclépia tropical,
of these cardenolides.
They had no disease.
Não têm a doença.
some of these milkweeds are medicinal,
são medicinais,
in the monarch butterflies,
os sintomas da doença nas monarcas.
when they are infected
vivem mais tempo,
com estas plantas medicinais.
it was a crazy idea,
what if monarchs can use this?
as their own form of medicine?
como medicamento?
started doing experiments.
a fazer experiências.
and gave them a choice:
e demos-lhes a escolher:
non-medicinal milkweed.
e asclépias não medicinais.
of each species over their lifetime.
de cada espécie durante a vida.
tantas vezes na ciência, foi desanimador:
in science, was boring:
Fifty percent was not.
outra metade não.
anything for their own welfare.
pelo seu bem-estar.
that can medicate their offspring.
que medicavam as suas crias.
on medicinal milkweed
nas asclépias medicinais
future offspring less sick?
menos doentes?
over several years,
a monarch in a big cage,
a non-medicinal plant on the other side,
uma não medicinal do outro.
that the monarchs lay on each plant.
que a monarca punha em cada planta.
is always the same.
preferem sobretudo a asclépia medicinal.
strongly prefer the medicinal milkweed.
what these females are doing
as fêmeas põem 68% dos ovos
of their eggs in the medicinal milkweed.
is they actually transmit the parasites
can lay their eggs on medicinal milkweed
poem os ovos nas asclépias medicinais
future offspring less sick.
as suas futuras crias.
important discovery, I think,
muito importante,
something cool about nature,
uma coisa fixe sobre a Natureza,
qualquer coisa mais
more about how we should find drugs.
as very simple.
que são muito simples.
very sophisticated medication.
muito sofisticada.
most of our drugs
a maior parte das nossas drogas
including plants,
incluindo plantas.
at animals to find new drugs.
animais para encontrar novas drogas.
how to treat stomach upset,
a tratar problemas de estômago.
how to treat bloody diarrhea.
a tratar a diarreia.
though, is to move beyond
de cérebro grande
and give these guys more credit,
a estes animais simples,
that we tend to think of
com pequeninos cérebros.
with tiny little brains.
can also use medication
também usam medicação
we will be treating human diseases
possamos tratar doenças humanas
por borboletas.
discovered by butterflies,
worth pursuing.
que vale a pena aproveitar.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jaap de Roode - BiologistJaap de Roode studies the ecology and evolution of parasites, focusing on those that attack the monarch butterfly.
Why you should listen
At his lab at Emory University, Jaap de Roode and his team study parasites and their hosts. Some of the questions that intrigue them: If a parasite depends on its host's survival for its own well-being, why do so many of them cause harm? In what ways are hosts able to self-medicate in order to make themselves less desirable to parasites? And are the abilities to harm hosts — and the ability of hosts to self-medicate — favored by natural selection?
The De Roode Lab focuses on the monarch butterfly and its parasites. The team has made a fascinating discovery: that female butterflies infected by a parasite choose to lay their eggs on a specific variety of milkweed that helps their offspring avoid getting sick. De Roode hopes that this insight could lead to new approaches in medications for human beings in the future.
Jaap de Roode | Speaker | TED.com